DOCSLIB.ORG

Draft ESIA for Proposed Kutubdia LNG Project

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Draft ESIA for Proposed Kutubdia LNG Project Vol. 4: Draft Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for Proposed Kutubdia LNG Project Project Number: 50253-001 March 2017 BAN: Reliance Bangladesh LNG Terminal Limited Prepared by Environmental Resources Management (ERM) The environmental and social impact assessment report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “Term of Use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Environment and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for Proposed Kutubdia LNG Project, Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh Reliance Power Limited Draft Report March 2017 www.erm.com The Business of Sustainability CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND 2 1.2 PROJECT RATIONALE 2 1.3 PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THE ESIA 4 1.3.1 Purpose of the ESIA 4 1.3.2 Scope of the ESIA 5 1.4 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY 5 1.4.1 Discussions with Project Proponent 6 1.4.2 Screening and Scoping Exercise 6 1.4.3 Baseline Data Collection 7 1.4.4 Stakeholder Consultation 7 1.4.5 Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures 7 1.4.6 Analysis of Alternatives 8 1.4.7 Risk Assessment 8 1.4.8 Management Plans and Grievance Redress Mechanism 8 1.5 LIMITATIONS 9 1.6 DATA SOURCES 10 1.7 STRUCTURE OF ESIA REPORT 11 2 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 13 2.1 INTRODUCTION 13 2.2 ENVIRONMENT-RELATED POLICIES IN BANGLADESH 13 2.2.1 National Environmental Policy, 1992 13 2.2.2 Other Policies relevant to Environment 14 2.3 ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL RELATED LEGISLATIONS IN BANGLADESH 15 2.3.1 The Environment Conservation Act, 1995 (as amended in 2000, 2002 & 2010) 15 2.3.2 Environment Conservation Rules (ECR), 1997 (as amended in 2002 & 2003) 16 2.3.3 Acquisition and Requisition of Immovable Property Ordinance, 1982 16 2.3.4 Framework for Leasing of Government (Khas) Agricultural Land 17 2.3.5 Other Relevant National Legal Instruments for the Project 17 2.4 ADMINISTRATIVE SETUP RELATED TO ENVIRONMENT IN BANGLADESH 23 2.4.1 Department of Environment (DOE) 23 2.4.2 Status of Project Approval from DOE 27 2.5 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO LAND ACQUISITION IN BANGLADESH 27 2.6 PROJECT RELEVANT INTERNATIONAL TREATIES AND CONVENTIONS 28 2.7 RELEVANT NATIONAL & MARITIME REGULATIONS / STANDARDS 29 2.7.1 International Maritime Conventions, Protocols and Agreements applicable for LNG Transportation 29 2.8 INTERNATIONAL SAFEGUARD REQUIREMENTS 34 2.8.1 ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 34 2.8.2 ADB Project Categorisation 36 2.8.3 IFC Performance Standards 38 2.8.4 IFC EHS Guidelines 39 2.9 COMPARISON OF SAFEGUARD PRINCIPLES 39 2.9.1 Gap Analysis –Environment Safeguard Framework 39 2.9.2 Gap Analysis –Social Safeguard Framework 43 2.10 APPLICABLE EHS STANDARDS 44 2.11 CATEGORISATION OF THE PROJECT 45 2.11.1 Project Classification as per DOE, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Bangladesh 45 2.11.2 Project Classification as per ADB Safeguard Policy Statement 45 3 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT 48 3.1 TYPE OF PROJECT 48 3.1.1 Project Facilities 52 3.1.2 Seafront Based Facilities 52 3.1.3 Onshore Regasification Facility 52 3.1.4 Onshore Pipeline 57 3.1.5 Napura Valve Station 58 3.1.6 Site Approach Road 59 3.2 CONNECTIVITY 60 3.3 PROPOSED SCHEDULE FOR IMPLEMENTATION 63 3.4 TECHNOLOGY AND PROCESS DESCRIPTION 63 3.4.1 Floating Storage Unit 63 3.4.2 Trestle Mounted Cryogenic Pipeline 65 3.4.3 Onshore Regasification Facility (ORF) 65 3.4.4 Onshore Pipeline 67 3.5 ASSOCIATED FACILITIES 70 3.6 OPERATIONAL DETAILS OF LNG TERMINAL 77 3.6.1 Process Description of FSU 77 3.6.2 Process Description of Onshore Facility 83 3.7 RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS 84 3.7.1 Manpower 84 3.7.2 Water 85 3.7.3 Land 85 3.7.4 Power 87 3.7.5 Earth Requirements 87 3.7.6 Equipment and Machineries 87 3.7.7 Construction Camps 88 3.8 POLLUTION SOURCES AND CHARACTERIZATION 90 3.8.1 Air Emissions 90 3.8.2 Liquid Discharges 91 3.8.3 Waste Generation 91 3.8.4 Noise Emissions 92 3.9 CAPITAL & RECURRING DREDGING 92 3.10 PROJECT TIMELINE 92 3.11 PROJECT COST 93 4 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 95 4.1 INTRODUCTION 95 4.2 STUDY AREA 95 4.3 METHODOLOGY 97 4.3.1 Primary Baseline Data Collection: Environment and Ecology 97 4.3.2 Primary Baseline Data Collection: Socio-economic and Livelihood 101 4.4 OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS 103 4.4.1 Bathymetry 103 4.4.2 Tide 104 4.4.3 Waves 105 4.4.4 Current 106 4.5 LAND ENVIRONMENT 110 4.5.1 Physiography 110 4.5.2 Geology 110 4.5.3 Topography 111 4.5.4 Land use 112 4.5.5 Soil 115 4.5.6 Shoreline Erosion & Accretion 118 4.6 HYDROGRAPHY 123 4.7 HYDROLOGY AND DRAINAGE PATTERN 123 4.8 MARINE WATER QUALITY 125 4.9 INLAND SURFACE WATER QUALITY 134 4.10 MARINE SEDIMENT QUALITY 135 4.11 GROUND WATER RESOURCE AND QUALITY 139 4.12 METEOROLOGY 142 4.12.1 Climate 142 4.13 NATURAL HAZARDS 149 4.13.1 Earthquakes 149 4.13.2 Cyclones 150 4.13.3 Storm Surge 153 4.13.4 Inundation 153 4.13.5 Tsunami 155 4.13.6 Climate Vulnerability 156 4.14 AIR ENVIRONMENT 159 4.14.1 Methodology of Air Quality Monitoring 159 4.15 NOISE ENVIRONMENT 164 4.16 ROAD AND RIVER TRAFFIC 167 4.17 ECOLOGY 170 4.17.1 Introduction 170 4.17.2 Climatic Conditions 170 4.17.3 Study area 170 4.17.4 Classification of Study Area-Bio-ecological Zone of Bangladesh 171 4.17.5 Ecosystems within the Study Area 173 4.17.6 Terrestrial Ecosystem 176 4.17.7 Aquatic Ecosystem 186 4.17.8 Protected Area 202 4.17.9 Ecologically Critical Areas (ECAs) 204 4.17.10 Other Sensitivities 204 4.18 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE 206 4.18.1 Administrative Structure 206 4.18.2 Demography of Project Area 208 4.18.3 Literacy Profile 216 4.18.4 Religion and Ethnic Composition 219 4.18.5 Vulnerability 222 4.18.6 Local Economy and Employment 222 4.18.7 Major Livelihood Activities of Kutubdia Island 224 4.18.8 Housing and Sanitation 243 4.18.9 Water and Power Supply 244 4.18.10 Education Facility 244 4.18.11 Health Facility 245 4.18.12 Financial Institutions 245 4.18.13 Cultural Heritage 245 5 IMPACT AND RISK ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES 247 5.1 IMPACT ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY AND APPROACH 247 5.2 IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS 253 5.3 POTENTIAL IMPACT 256 5.3.1 Potential Impact on Aesthetics and Visual Quality 256 5.3.2 Potential Impact on Land Use 258 5.3.3 Potential Impact on Soil Quality 260 5.3.4 Potential Impact on Physiography & Drainage 262 5.3.5 Potential Impact on Air Quality 264 5.3.6 Potential Impact on Noise quality 275 5.3.7 Potential Impacts on Ground Water Quality 280 5.3.8 Potential Impact on Surface Water Quality 281 5.3.9 Potential Impact Terrestrial Habitat (Flora & Fauna) 285 5.3.10 Impact on Aquatic Habitat 287 5.3.11 Potential Impact due to Land Acquisition 291 5.3.12 Potential Livelihood Impacts 295 5.3.13 Impact on Fishing Activity 298 5.3.14 Conflict with Local People 298 5.3.15 Increment in Cost of Living 304 5.3.16 Community Health and Safety 305 5.3.17 Impact on Social Forestry 309 5.3.18 Impact on Cultural Heritage 310 5.3.19 Benefit to Local Enterprises 311 5.3.20 Employment Generation 311 5.3.21 Demand for Lodging, Housing and Civic Services 312 5.3.22 Benefits of Community Development Activities / CSR Activity 312 5.3.23 Potential Impact on Occupational Health and Safety 313 5.4 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS 319 6 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 321 6.1 INTRODUCTION 321 6.2 SITE LOCATION ALTERNATIVES 321 6.3 TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVES 327 6.3.1 FSRU / FSU 327 6.3.2 FSU Berthing Options- Dual or Single Berthing 329 6.3.3 Offshore Pipeline- Submerged/ Pipeline on Trestle 330 6.4 PIPELINE ROUTE ALTERNATIVES 331 7 CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION 337 7.1 INTRODUCTION 337 7.2 IDENTIFICATION OF STAKEHOLDERS 337 7.3 SUMMARY OF STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS 345 7.4 STAKEHOLDER MAPPING 355 7.5 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY FOR STAKEHOLDER MAPPING AND ANALYSIS355 7.6 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT PLAN 361 7.6.1 Resource and Responsibility: 361 7.6.2 Communication Process 361 7.7 INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 362 7.7.1 Reporting 362 7.7.2 Informal Stakeholder Consultation 362 7.7.3 Formal Stakeholder Consultation 362 8 GRIEVANCE REDRESSAL MECHANISM 364 8.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE GRIEVANCE REDRESSAL MECHANISM 364 8.2 PROCESS OF GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM OF RBLTL 365 8.2.1 Grievance Redressal Mechanism for Employees and Contractual Workers 365 8.2.2 Grievance Redressal Mechanism for External Stakeholders 366 8.2.3 Grievance Redressal Mechanism for Resettlement 367 8.3 COMPOSITION OF GRC IN RBLTL 369 8.4 FUNCTIONAL PREMISES OF GRC FOR GRIEVANCE REDRESS 370 8.5 DISCLOSURE OF THE GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 370 8.6 GRIEVANCE REPORTING PROCEDURE 370 8.7 MONITORING AND EVALUATION 371 8.8 BUDGETING 371 9 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 372 9.1 MITIGATION MEASURES 372 9.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING 372 9.2.1 Performance Indicators and Monitoring Schedule 373 9.2.2 Reporting Mechanism for Environmental and Social Monitoring Program 373 9.3 ESMP BUDGET 411 9.4 INFRASTRUCTURE FOR CONDUCTING ENVIRONMENTAL & OHS ANALYSIS 412 9.5 INSTITUTIONAL SETTING AND IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS 416 10 CONCLUSION AND RECOMENDATIONS 419 LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1 Data Sources for the ESIA 10 Table 2.1 Policies relevant to Environment 14 Table 2.2 National Legal Instruments relevant to the Project 18 Table 2.3 Project Relevant International Treaties and Conventions 28 Table 2.4 International
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sigma 1/2008
    sigma No 1/2008 Natural catastrophes and man-made disasters in 2007: high losses in Europe 3 Summary 5 Overview of catastrophes in 2007 9 Increasing flood losses 16 Indices for the transfer of insurance risks 20 Tables for reporting year 2007 40 Tables on the major losses 1970–2007 42 Terms and selection criteria Published by: Swiss Reinsurance Company Economic Research & Consulting P.O. Box 8022 Zurich Switzerland Telephone +41 43 285 2551 Fax +41 43 285 4749 E-mail: [email protected] New York Office: 55 East 52nd Street 40th Floor New York, NY 10055 Telephone +1 212 317 5135 Fax +1 212 317 5455 The editorial deadline for this study was 22 January 2008. Hong Kong Office: 18 Harbour Road, Wanchai sigma is available in German (original lan- Central Plaza, 61st Floor guage), English, French, Italian, Spanish, Hong Kong, SAR Chinese and Japanese. Telephone +852 2582 5691 sigma is available on Swiss Re’s website: Fax +852 2511 6603 www.swissre.com/sigma Authors: The internet version may contain slightly Rudolf Enz updated information. Telephone +41 43 285 2239 Translations: Kurt Karl (Chapter on indices) CLS Communication Telephone +41 212 317 5564 Graphic design and production: Jens Mehlhorn (Chapter on floods) Swiss Re Logistics/Media Production Telephone +41 43 285 4304 © 2008 Susanna Schwarz Swiss Reinsurance Company Telephone +41 43 285 5406 All rights reserved. sigma co-editor: The entire content of this sigma edition is Brian Rogers subject to copyright with all rights reserved. Telephone +41 43 285 2733 The information may be used for private or internal purposes, provided that any Managing editor: copyright or other proprietary notices are Thomas Hess, Head of Economic Research not removed.
    [Show full text]
  • Development Letter Draft
    Issue JAN-MAR ‘21 A periodical by Research and Policy Integration for Development (RAPID) with the support from The Asia Foundation Strengthening Localisation of SDGs: Rethinking Bangladesh’s Fiscal Year Time Frame A Model Union Approach M Abu Eusuf | Page 17 Shamsul Alam | Page 1 Combatting Transfer Mispricing: Getting Ready for LDC Graduation A New Avenue for Bangladesh Customs Abdur Razzaque | Page 3 Nipun Chakma & Mohammad Fyzur Rahman | Page 20 World Rankings of Dhaka University: Do Natural Hazards Make Farmers from Coastal How to Improve? Areas More Productive? Evidence from Bangladesh Muhammed Shah Miran | Page 6 Syed Mortuza Asif Ehsan & Md Jakariya | Page 24 Economic Governance in Bangladesh: The Need for Valuing the Socio-Cultural Aspects of Potential Roles for the Planning Commission Wetland Ecosystem Services in Bangladesh Helal Ahammad | Page 8 Alvira Farheen Ria & Raisa Bashar | Page 27 Multidimensional Poverty in Bangladesh: Plugging Bangladesh into Global COVID-19 Measurement and Implications Vaccine Supply Chain Mahfuz Kabir | Page 13 Rabiul Islam Rabi & Md Shahiduzzaman Sarkar | Page 30 © All rights reserved by Research and Policy Integration for Development (RAPID) Editorial Team Editor-In-Chief Advisory Board Abdur Razzaque, PhD Atiur Rahman, PhD Chairman, RAPID and Research Director, Policy Former Governor, Bangladesh Bank, Dhaka, Bangladesh Research Institute (PRI), Dhaka, Bangladesh Ismail Hossain, PhD Managing Editor Pro Vice-Chancellor, North South University, M Abu Eusuf, PhD Dhaka, Bangladesh Professor, Department
    [Show full text]
  • Project Plan 3-5 Years
    PROJECT DESIGN FORM1 Project title: Enhancing CBID in Bangladesh Region: SAR Country: Bangladesh Partner Name Centre for Disability in Development (CDD) Project start 1 January 2020 – 31 December 2022 /end date: Project Number Applied (if available): 1 This Form is to be used for planning of all projects with a total budget of >50,000 EUR. The term “Project” within the document always also refers to Programmes. For projects with an overall project budget of <50,000 EUR, the following documents are to be submitted: i) Project Idea and Programmatic Approval Form (PPA) Section I. A-C + Section II.; ii) Logical Framework and Cost plan CBM International - Project Design Form Version 1.0 (approved June 2018) 1 Contents I. Project Abstract 3 II. Full Project Design 8 1. Relevance of the Project 8 2. Effectiveness and quality 12 3. Efficiency 20 4. Sustainability and Contribution to Change 23 III. Annexes A. Description of Project context 26 B. Logical framework / cost plan 36 C. Activity schedule 36 D. Risk Register 36 E. Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Plan 36 F. Quality criteria for Project Design 37 CBM International - Project Design Form Version 1.0 (approved June 2018) 2 I. Project Abstract A) Project Information Name of Partner Centre for Disability in Development Region: SAR Country: Bangladesh Project title Enhancing CBID in Bangladesh Project Location Chittagong City Corporation Ward No. 13, 14 & 15 and Bashkhali and Rangunia Sub-Districts of Chittagong District. Timeframe 1st January 2020-31st December 2022 Target group Direct Beneficiaries of the project are at least 2,000 persons with disabilities.
    [Show full text]
  • Site-Based Information on Species, Habitats, Threats, and Mitigation Measures
    Distr. GENERAL Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation and Management of Marine Turtles and MT-IOSEA/SS.5/Doc. 6.1 Agenda item 8b their Habitats of the Indian Ocean and South-East Asia 14 August 2008 FIFTH MEETING OF THE SIGNATORY STATES Bali, Indonesia, 20-23 August 2008 SITE-BASED INFORMATION ON SPECIES, HABITATS, THREATS, AND MITIGATION MEASURES 1. The national report template allows Signatory States to list the nesting beaches, feeding grounds and developmental habitat important for marine turtles in their country (Annex 1). Space is provided to describe the species occurring at each site and to identify the nature and intensity of 15 threats potentially impacting those sites. Enhancements made to the Online Reporting Facility in 2006-07 extended its versatility – allowing users to add a brief site description, to include basic information on research activities occurring at each location, to clarify the relative importance of a site for a given species, and to include additional data on numbers of turtles nesting. At the same time, the tools for querying the available data were upgraded substantially. 2. The site-based information contained in the IOSEA Online Reporting Facility (http://www.ioseaturtles.org/report.php) is intended to complement the existing IOSEA Interactive Mapping System (IMapS), which contains nesting and migration data from other published sources. The added value of the Online Reporting Facility lies in its capacity to perform rather powerful searches not only of species and habitat occurrence, but also of threats, mitigation measures and research activities. Its potential will be demonstrated with a few illustrations of the kinds of queries that can be generated from each of the online search modules, shown in Annexes 2a-c 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Bounced Back List.Xlsx
    SL Cycle Name Beneficiary Name Bank Name Branch Name Upazila District Division Reason for Bounce Back 1 Jan/21-Jan/21 REHENA BEGUM SONALI BANK LTD. NA Bagerhat Sadar Upazila Bagerhat Khulna 23-FEB-21-R03-No Account/Unable to Locate Account 2 Jan/21-Jan/21 ABDUR RAHAMAN SONALI BANK LTD. NA Chitalmari Upazila Bagerhat Khulna 16-FEB-21-R04-Invalid Account Number SHEIKH 3 Jan/21-Jan/21 KAZI MOKTADIR HOSEN SONALI BANK LTD. NA Chitalmari Upazila Bagerhat Khulna 16-FEB-21-R04-Invalid Account Number 4 Jan/21-Jan/21 BADSHA MIA SONALI BANK LTD. NA Chitalmari Upazila Bagerhat Khulna 16-FEB-21-R04-Invalid Account Number 5 Jan/21-Jan/21 MADHAB CHANDRA SONALI BANK LTD. NA Chitalmari Upazila Bagerhat Khulna 16-FEB-21-R04-Invalid Account Number SINGHA 6 Jan/21-Jan/21 ABDUL ALI UKIL SONALI BANK LTD. NA Chitalmari Upazila Bagerhat Khulna 16-FEB-21-R04-Invalid Account Number 7 Jan/21-Jan/21 MRIDULA BISWAS SONALI BANK LTD. NA Chitalmari Upazila Bagerhat Khulna 16-FEB-21-R04-Invalid Account Number 8 Jan/21-Jan/21 MD NASU SHEIKH SONALI BANK LTD. NA Chitalmari Upazila Bagerhat Khulna 16-FEB-21-R04-Invalid Account Number 9 Jan/21-Jan/21 OZIHA PARVIN SONALI BANK LTD. NA Chitalmari Upazila Bagerhat Khulna 16-FEB-21-R04-Invalid Account Number 10 Jan/21-Jan/21 KAZI MOHASHIN SONALI BANK LTD. NA Chitalmari Upazila Bagerhat Khulna 16-FEB-21-R04-Invalid Account Number 11 Jan/21-Jan/21 FAHAM UDDIN SHEIKH SONALI BANK LTD. NA Chitalmari Upazila Bagerhat Khulna 16-FEB-21-R04-Invalid Account Number 12 Jan/21-Jan/21 JAFAR SHEIKH SONALI BANK LTD.
    [Show full text]
  • Geopolitics of Rakhine Region: a Bangladesh Perspective by Shafqat Munir Policy Brief Series No
    POLICY BRIEF SERIES Geopolitics of Rakhine Region: A Bangladesh Perspective By Shafqat Munir Policy Brief Series No. 119 (2020) 1. Introduction 2. Taking Advantage of the Future Highway and Myanmar and Bangladesh are two states which form a bridge Railway from Myanmar to Yunnan (China) for between South and Southeast Asia. With one of the fastest Bangladeshi Exports growing economies in the region, Bangladesh has been at the Myanmar holds enormous potential to become a regional trans- centre of significant international attention in recent years. port and logistics hub.1 As part of its Belt and Road Initiative Bangladesh’s progress in terms of socio-economic develop- – which aims to revive land and sea trade routes connecting ment has attracted interest around the world. Myanmar has China with Africa, the Middle East and Europe – the Chinese been a subject of intense international attention as well. A nas- government is investing heavily in port and highway projects. cent and growing democracy with a lingering shadow of mil- Highway development plans also reflect current cross-border itary rule, Myanmar has been plagued by ethnic divisions and trade trends in Myanmar, with three planned links expected strife. On the other hand, it enjoys a high degree of geo-stra- to connect China’s Yunnan province2 to ports in the Bay of tegic significance due to its location between India, China, Bengal and the Andaman Sea, as well as a new border crossing and other states in the Southeast Asian region. Over the years, with Thailand. Another prominent initiative is the proposed Myanmar has been the focus of attention not only for India India-Myanmar-Thailand Trilateral Highway.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 3 China and the World
    CHAPTER 3 CHINA AND THE WORLD SECTION 1: CHINA AND SOUTH ASIA Introduction Although China’s assertiveness in Southeast Asia—particularly when it comes to the South China Sea—tends to dominate discourse about China’s growing global ambitions, China has also been active in cultivating infl uence among South Asian countries (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka). This section surveys China’s economic, diplomatic, and se- curity engagement with South Asia. In addition to discussing Chi- na’s overarching objectives in the region, it profi les China’s relation- ships with South Asia’s two largest countries: India and Pakistan. It concludes with an examination of how China’s South Asia policies impact the United States, which also has signifi cant and evolving interests in the region. This section draws from the Commission’s March 2016 hearing on China-South Asia relations; its June 2016 fact-fi nding trip to China (Beijing and Kunming) and India (New Delhi and Mumbai); consultations with experts on Chinese and South Asian economics, foreign policy, and security affairs; and open source research and analysis. China’s Objectives in South Asia China has not publicly articulated a formal South Asia “strategy,” although Beijing’s key objectives and interests in the region can be observed in its activities in and diplomacy toward these countries. The key interests, concerns, and objectives of China’s South Asia strategy fall into four broad categories: (1) checking India’s rise by exploiting the India-Pakistan rivalry, (2) expanding economic activ- ity and infl uence in the region, (3) enhancing access to the Indian Ocean, and (4) countering terrorism and religious extremism (often at the expense of religious freedom and other human rights).
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Cropping Systems in Chittagong Region
    Bangladesh Rice J. 21 (2) : 109-122, 2017 Diversity of Cropping Systems in Chittagong Region S M Shahidullah1*, M Nasim1, M K Quais1 and A Saha1 ABSTRACT The study was conducted over all 42 upazilas of Chittagong region during 2016 using pre-tested semi- structured questionnaire with a view to document the existing cropping patterns, cropping intensity and crop diversity in the region. The most dominant cropping pattern Boro−Fallow−T. Aman occupied about 23% of net cropped area (NCA) of the region with its distribution over 38 upazilas out 42. The second largest area, 19% of NCA, was covered by single T. Aman, which was spread out over 32 upazilas. A total of 93 cropping patterns were identified in the whole region under the present investigation. The highest number of cropping patterns was 28 in Naokhali sadar and the lowest was 4 in Begumganj of the same district. The lowest crop diversity index (CDI) was observed 0.135 in Chatkhil followed by 0.269 in Begumganj. The highest value of CDI was observed in Banshkhali, Chittagong and Noakhali sadar (around 0.95). The range of cropping intensity values was recorded 103−283%. The maximum value was for Kamalnagar upazila of Lakshmipur district and minimum for Chatkhil upazila of Noakhali district. As a whole the CDI of Chittagong region was 0.952 and the average cropping intensity at the regional level was 191%. Key words: Crop diversity index, land use, cropping system, soybean, and soil salinity INTRODUCTION household enterprises and the physical, biological, technological and socioeconomic The Chittagong region consists of five districts factors or environments.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Table of Contents Table of Contents ....................................................................................................................... i List of Tables .............................................................................................................................. v List of Figures .......................................................................................................................... vii Abbreviation and Acronyms ................................................................................................ ix Executive Summary .............................................................................................................. xiii 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Background .......................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Rationale ............................................................................................................... 1 1.3. Objectives ............................................................................................................. 3 1.4. Past initiatives of Greenbelt .............................................................................. 3 1.5. Overall Approach ................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Monsoon Cyclones. 52
    STUDY ON VERTICAL STRUCTURE OF TROPICAL CYCLONES FORMED IN THE BAY OF BENGAL DURING 2007-2016 A dissertation submitted to the Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN PHYSICS Submitted by SHAIYADATUL MUSLIMA Roll No.: 0416142506F Session: April/2016 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (BUET), DHAKA-1000, BANGLADESH April, 2019 i CANDIDATE'S DECLARATION It is hereby declared that this thesis or any part of it has not been submitted elsewhere for the award of any degree or diploma. Signature of the Candidate ---------------------------------------------------- SHAIYADATUL MUSLIMA Roll No.: 0416142506F Session: April/2016 ii iii Dedicated To My Beloved Parents iv CONTENTS Page No. List of Table viii List of Figures ix Abbreviations xv Acknowledgement xvi Abstract xvii Chapter No. Page No. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1 1.1 prelude 1.2 objectives of the research 2 CHPATER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 previous work 4 2.2 Overview of the study 6 2.2.1 Cyclone 6 2.2.2 Detail of tropical cyclone 6 2.2.3 Cyclone season 7 2.2.4 Tropical cyclone basins 8 2.2.5 Bay of Bengal 9 2.2.6 Classifications of tropical cyclone intensity 10 2.2.7 Physical structure of tropical cyclone 11 2.2.8 Environmental parameters related to cyclone 13 2.2.8.1Wind 13 2.2.8.2 Wind shear 14 2.2.8.3 Temperature 15 2.2.8.4 Vorticity 16 2.2.8.5 Equivalent potential temperature 18 2.2.8.6 Relative humidity 18 CHAPTER
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Maritime Cluster in Enhancing the Strength and Development of Maritime Sectors of Bangladesh
    ARTICLE The Role of Maritime Cluster in Enhancing the Strength and Development of Maritime Sectors of Bangladesh Halima Begum Abstract Bangladesh, a maritime nation, is endowed with several maritime resources. Here the maritime cluster is port based where maritime dependency factor is increasing at a high rate with the increase of international trade. The country has emerged as a shipbuilding nation maintaining the top rank as a ship demolition country. A good numbers of seafarers, academicians, surveyors, consultants are working at home and abroad with reputation. The economy is heavily dependent on the maritime sector, which is flourished by the private initiative where skilled manpower (men & women) is one of the key factors for thriving. However, the maritime sector has remained unexplored and neglected to some extant. There is a dearth of updated study on the importance and contribution of maritime resources to the present economy. A study on future prospects and challenges in this sector is also vital for sustainable economic progress. A policy is required to guide the business, to influence living and social climate to push the economy in the appropriate direction. This paper attempts to figure out the dimensions of maritime cluster, the economical importance of the maritime sectors (employment, Value Addition, foreign currency) in Bangladesh. A SWOT analysis has been carried out to evaluate the present scenario with respect to the dimensions mentioned above. Besides, efforts have been made to find out the scope of women participation (as cadet, employee, academician, entrepreneur etc). Finally, the paper suggests for developing a coherent maritime policy that may support sustainable development of the maritime cluster and companies within.
    [Show full text]
  • Bangladesh Tropical Cyclone Event
    Oasis Platform for Climate and Catastrophe Risk Assessment – Asia Bangladesh Tropical Cyclone Historical Event Set: Data Description Documentation Hamish Steptoe, Met Office Contents Introduction 2 Ensemble Configuration 3 Domain 4 Data Categories 4 Data Inventory 5 File Naming 6 Variables 6 Time Methods 7 Data Metadata 7 Dimensions 9 Variables 10 Global Attributes 11 Oasis LMF Files 11 ktools conversion 12 References 12 Introduction This document describes the data that forms the historical catalogue of Bangladesh tropical cyclones, part of the Oasis Platform for Climate and Catastrophe Risk Assessment – Asia, a project funded by the International Climate Initiative (IKI), supported by the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, based on a decision of the German Bundestag The catalogue contains the following tropical cyclones: Name Landfall Date IBTrACS ID (DD/MM/YYYY HH:MMZ) BOB01 30/04/1991 00:00Z 1991113N10091 BOB07 25/11/1995 09:00Z 1995323N05097 TC01B 19/05/1997 15:00Z 1997133N03092 Page 2 of 13 Akash 14/05/2007 18:00Z 2007133N15091 Sidr 15/11/2007 18:00Z 2007314N10093 Rashmi 26/10/2008 21:00Z 2008298N16085 Aila 25/05/2009 06:00Z 2009143N17089 Viyaru 16/05/2013 09:00Z 2013130N04093 Roanu 21/05/2016 12:00Z 2016138N10081 Mora 30/05/2017 03:00Z 2017147N14087 Fani 04/05/2019 06:00Z 2019117N05088 Bulbul 09/11/2019 18:00Z 2019312N16088 Ensemble Configuration Each tropical cyclone comprises of a nine-member, 3-hourly time-lagged ensemble. Each ensemble member covers a period of 48 hours, once the initial 24-hour model spin is removed (see Figure 1 for a visual representation), at resolutions of 4.4km and 1.5km based on the Met Office Unified Model dynamically downscaling ECMWF ERA5 data.
    [Show full text]