CPAT Report No. 1542

Proposed Liquefied Natural Gas Energy Facility, land north and west of Borras Hall, Wrexham

Heritage Impact Assessment

YMDDIRIEDOLAETH ARCHAEOLEGOL CLWYD-POWYS

CLWYD-POWYS ARCHAEOLOGICAL TRUST

Client name: Caulmert CPAT Project No: 2260 Project Name: Borras Hall Energy Park Grid Reference: 3686 5289 County/LPA: Wrexham Planning Application: CPAT Report No: 1542 Event PRN: 140213 Report status: Draft Confidential until: January 2019

Prepared by: Checked by: Approved by:

Nigel Jones Paul Belford Paul Belford Principal Archaeologist Director Director Date Date Date

Bibliographic reference: Jones, N. W., 2018. Proposed Liquefied Natural Gas Energy Facility, land north and west of Borras Hall, Wrexham: Heritage Impact Assessment. CPAT Report 1542.

YMDDIRIEDOLAETH ARCHAEOLEGOL CLWYD-POWYS CLWYD-POWYS ARCHAEOLOGICAL TRUST

41 Broad Street, Welshpool, Powys, SY21 7RR, United Kingdom +44 (0) 1938 553 670 [email protected] www.cpat.org.uk

©CPAT 2017

The Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust is a Registered Organisation with the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists CPAT Report No 1542 Proposed LNG Energy Facility, Borras Hall Heritage Impact Assessment

CONTENTS

SUMMARY ...... II 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 2 SOURCES OF INFORMATION & GUIDANCE ...... 2 3 METHODOLOGY ...... 6 4 THE CULTURAL HERITAGE HISTORY OF THE AREA ...... 9 5 THE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ...... 11 6 ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTS/IMPACTS ...... 15 7 DETAILED MITIGATION AND RESIDUAL IMPACTS ...... 26 8 SOURCES ...... 26 ANNEX 1: LOCAL PLANNING PLANNING POLICIES ...... 28 ANNEX 2: SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA ...... 30 ANNEX 3: LISTED BUILDINGS WITHIN 5KM OF THE DEVELOPMENT AREA ...... 33

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CPAT Report No 1542 Proposed LNG Energy Facility, Borras Hall Heritage Impact Assessment

Summary A heritage impact assessment has been conducted by the Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust for a proposed LNG facility on land at Borras Hall, near Wrexham. The proposed development lies within the area of a consented solar array, the layout of which will be modified under a separate planning application in order to accommodate the proposed facility. The assessment has identified a number of heritage assets in the immediate area of the proposed development, but none within the development area. Any direct impacts are therefore restricted to the potential for previously unrecorded, buried assets which may be affected by soil stripping within the area of the compound at the entrance to the development area. Appropriate mitigation is proposed, in the form of a watching brief. The location of the gas generators within the former quarry hollow will effectively mitigate any potential visual impacts from this element of the proposal. However, the regasification units will be positioned outside the hollow and have the potential to introduce a negligible visual impact on the setting of one listed building, namely Borras Head. The cumulative impact of the current proposals, together with that of the consented solar array, is considered to be no more than minor on the setting of Borras Head.

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CPAT Report No 1542 Proposed LNG Energy Facility, Borras Hall Heritage Impact Assessment

1 Introduction 1.1. This report presents the heritage impact assessment conducted for the proposed Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Energy Facility on land to the north and west of Borras Hall, Wrexham, which hereafter will be referred to as ‘the Development’. The assessment has been undertaken by the Field Services section of the Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust (CPAT) on behalf of Caulmert Ltd.

1.2. In March 2016, planning permission was granted by Wrexham County Borough Council for ‘the use of land for the erection of a solar photovoltaic array (up to 10MW) including metering and invertor kiosks, security cameras, fencing and gates, and a temporary construction compound and access track’, on land to the west and north of Borras Hall (planning permission reference P/015/0777).

1.3. The proposed new development lies within the site of the approved solar PV array, and would operate together, forming an Energy Park, sharing the same grid connection. A heritage assessment for the site of the solar PV array was conducted by CPAT in 2015 (Jones and Watson 2015). The LNG Energy Facility would provide grid support services to the local grid at peak times, and at times when the solar PV array is not capable of supplying the electricity requirements, for example at night time and during the winter months.

1.4. A parallel application has been submitted to Wrexham County Borough Council to vary condition 2 attached to planning permission P/2015/0777, in order to vary the approved solar PV layout, and allow for the proposed LNG energy facility to be accommodated within the site.

1.5. The proposed LNG Energy Facility lies c. 4km north-east of Wrexham (SJ 3686 5289) and to the north-west of Borras Hall, on land which has in part been returned to agriculture following the extraction of sand and gravel.

1.6. The proposed facility will include:

• 10 LNG powered engines measuring 12.2m in length, 2.5m in width and 3m in height (4m to the top of the stack/exhaust system); • 5 Transformers measuring 2m in length, 2m in width and 2.2m in height; • 4 Regasification Units measuring 1.2m in length, 1.2m in width and 4m in height; • 2 Gas Storage Tanks measuring 12.2m in length, 2.5m in width and 3m in height; • 1 Switchgear Container measuring 12.2m in length, 2.4m in width and 2.6m in height; • 1 Storage Container measuring 6.1m in length, 2.4m in width and 2.6m in height; • Site office measuring 6m in length, 2.5m in width and 3m in height; • Security fence measuring 2.4m in height. • Screen planting to migitate visual impacts

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CPAT Report No 1542 Proposed LNG Energy Facility, Borras Hall Heritage Impact Assessment

1.7. The assessment considers the direct effect that the proposed LNG Energy Facility might have on known heritage assets within the Development Area and also examines the indirect effect on statutorily designated and registered heritage assets beyond the boundary of the Development Area.

1.8. The assessment covers the life of the Development from construction, through operation to decommissioning. The operational life of the energy facility is expected to be 25 years. Where adverse heritage effects are identified, it also provides mitigation measures to prevent, reduce or offset them and then re-assesses the residual effects remaining after mitigation. The effects of decommissioning are described in the construction phase as the latter generally includes a similar range of activities and potential effects.

Awaiting redline boundary Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2018.

Fig. 1 Development Area location showing designated assets within 5km

2 Sources of Information & Guidance 2.1. Cultural heritage is deemed to include the complete range of man-made features that have been introduced into the landscape from the Palaeolithic, more than two hundred and fifty thousand years ago, up to and including the 20th century. Some of these features will be visible as upstanding remains on the ground; others will be buried and only become apparent during ground disturbance, whilst others may be objects that have been discarded, lost or deliberately deposited. Some will have an archaeological interest and importance; others will be more historical in their origin. In addition, some natural features will be relevant because of the information they contain; peat bogs, for instance, hold pollen that can throw light on past human activity in the area. Collectively, all these features are known as heritage assets.

Administration 2.2. At a national level, it is Cadw, the historic environment service within Welsh Government, which holds the remit for the cultural heritage resource. Another national body, Natural Resources Wales, has a particular interest in historic landscapes.

2.3. At a regional level, the cultural heritage resource is monitored by the Heritage Sections of the regional archaeological trusts. The Curatorial Section of the Clwyd- Powys Archaeological Trust (CPAT) act as archaeological advisers to Powys County Council.

2.4. While the broad concern of all these bodies is with the preservation of the cultural heritage, there are inevitably differences in emphasis between regional and national organisations, and in the laws and regulations that govern the ways in which they operate.

Legislation and guidance 2.5. The legislative framework for the historic environment in Wales was revised by The Historic Environment (Wales) Act 2016. The 2016 Act amended the Ancient 2

CPAT Report No 1542 Proposed LNG Energy Facility, Borras Hall Heritage Impact Assessment

Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 and the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990. It extended the definition of scheduled monuments an enhanced their protection, as well as making changes to the process of scheduled monument consent. Changes were also made to the protection of listed buildings. The 2016 Act also provided for statutory a register of historic landscapes, a statutory list of place names, and imposed a statutory duty on Welsh Ministers to compile and maintain Historic Environment Records (HERs). Most of the provisions of the 2016 Act had come into force by 31 May 2017.

2.6. Chapter 6 of Planning Policy Wales was revised and re-issued in November 2016. Technical Advice Note 24: The Historic Environment (TAN 24) came into force on 31 May 2017, and replaced previous Welsh Office Circulars 60/96 Planning and the Historic Environment: Archaeology; 61/96 Planning and the Historic Environment: Historic Buildings and Conservation Areas; and 1/98 Planning and the Historic Environment: Directions by the Secretary of State for Wales.

2.7. Information on local planning policies relating to the cultural heritage is provided in Annex 1.

2.8. The revised Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB), Volume 11 Section 3 Part 2, HA 208/07 (August 2007), though not specifically focused on developments of this nature, provides a suitable, general framework for assessing the cultural heritage. The approach to the cultural heritage which it promotes, although designed for road developments, is relevant as a methodology for the proposed development and has been adopted here. The relevant sections relating to determining the value of assets and the magnitude and significance of potential impacts is reproduced in Annex 2.

2.9. The desk-based assessment was undertaken with reference to the principles and methods for assessing heritage assets laid out in the Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Desk-based Assessments (2014) produced by the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (CIfA), the regulatory body for the profession.

2.10. Welsh Government’s (2017) Heritage Impact Assessments in Wales sets out the general principles to consider when planning changes to historic assets and applying for listed building, conservation area and scheduled monument consent. This document, together with Cadw’s (2011) Conservation Principles for the Sustainable Management of the Historic Environment in Wales, provides guidance on understanding historic assets, their significance and assessing potential impacts on them. The results of a heritage impact assessment should be summarised in a heritage impact statement and this process must be adopted in all cases where your proposals require listed building consent or conservation area consent.

2.11. Heritage impact statements are not required when applying for planning permission, including for development, in the following cases: within the setting of a listed building; within the setting of a scheduled monument; in a registered historic park and garden, or its setting; in a conservation area; and in a World Heritage Site. Nevertheless, in these circumstances, it is good practice to adopt the principles of the heritage impact assessment. There is a separate process for considering the impact of development in registered historic landscapes.

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2.12. Planning Policy Wales (9th edition, 2016) identifies the desirability of preserving the setting of a World Heritage Site, a nationally important ancient monument (whether scheduled or unscheduled), a listed building, a Conservation Area and a site on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens in Wales. This desirability will be a material consideration when assessing the potential impact of a development proposal on the historic environment. Recent guidance published by Welsh Government (2017) in Setting of Historic Assets in Wales defines the setting of a historic asset as including ‘the surroundings in which it is understood, experienced and appreciated, embracing present and past relationships to the surrounding landscape. Its extent is not fixed and may change as the asset and its surroundings evolve. Elements of a setting may make a positive, negative or neutral contribution to the significance of an asset. Setting is not itself a historic asset, though land within a setting may contain other historic assets. The importance of setting lies in what it contributes to the significance of a historic asset . . . The setting of a historic asset can also include less tangible elements. These may include function, sensory perceptions or historical, artistic, literary and scenic associations’.

2.13. For the landscape in its entirety LANDMAP is the formally adopted landscape assessment tool for Wales, and is consulted in order to inform the baseline assessment of the study area. LANDMAP comprises of five evaluated Aspects, one of which – the Historic Landscape – is relevant to cultural heritage assessments, and a second – the Cultural Landscape – is partially relevant. All five aspects, the other three being Geological Landscape, Landscape Habitats and Visual & Sensory, are normally taken in conjunction (rather than individually) to assess the importance of a landscape under consideration (see CCW 2012), a process normally undertaken by a specialist in landscape and visual issues.

The categorisation and conservation of the cultural heritage resource 2.14. The cultural heritage resource is not a single body of equally significant assets, but an infinitely complex set of individual assets, the number of which increases and alters in form and relationships on a continual basis. They range in importance from internationally significant sites to features of minor and even negligible value, with those perceived to be of greater importance being categorised by designation (statutory) or registration (which may be statutory or non-statutory).

World Heritage Sites 2.15. This is the only category of international importance, although the designation of a World Heritage Site (WHS) does not confer additional statutory protection. Instead, the protection of World Heritage Sites in the UK is managed through existing designation (i.e. Conservation Areas) and planning regimes (i.e. Local Development Plans).

Scheduled Ancient Monuments 2.16. SAMs are designated features of national importance. They are protected under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act, 1979, as amended by the Historic Environment (Wales) Act 2016. The settings of SAMs are also protected, as articulated in Planning Policy Wales (9th edition, 2016), specifically Chapter 6 (Conserving the Historic Environment) which notes that 'the desirability of preserving an ancient monument and its setting is a material consideration in 4

CPAT Report No 1542 Proposed LNG Energy Facility, Borras Hall Heritage Impact Assessment

determining a planning application' (6.5.1). Setting in relation to all heritage assets, whether designated or not, is discussed further below.

Listed Buildings 2.17. These are protected under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990, as amended by the Historic Environment (Wales) Act 2016. All listed buildings are nationally important, but are graded in order of significance as Grade I, II* or II. Grade I buildings are considered to be of equal status to Scheduled Ancient Monuments. Local planning authorities must have special regard to the desirability of preserving the setting of a listed building regardless of its grade, and it also requires planning proposals to meet the test of determining the extent to which a development affects views to and from a listed building. Planning Policy Wales (9th edition, 2016) requires a 'general presumption in favour of the preservation of a listed building and its setting, which might extend beyond its curtilage' (6.5.10).

Conservation Areas 2.18. These are protected under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990. This Act requires local planning authorities to have special regard to the desirability of preserving the setting of a Conservation Area, and it also requires planning proposals to meet the test of determining the extent to which a development affects views to and from such an area. Planning Policy Wales (9th edition, 2016) states that there 'will be a strong presumption against the granting of planning permission for developments … which damage the character of appearance of a conservation area or its setting to an unacceptable level' (6.5.19).

Registered Parks and Gardens, and Historic Landscapes 2.19. The Historic Environment (Wales) Act 2016 provides for the creation of a statutory Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales. Parks and gardens are graded using the same categories as listed buildings (i.e. I, II*, II). Parks and gardens are therefore 'registered' rather than 'designated' assets, though for practical purposes this distinction appears to be of little significance. Planning Policy Wales (9th edition, 2016) states that local authorities should 'protect and conserve' registered parks and gardens and their settings, and that Cadw must be consulted on any development which is 'likely to affect the site of a registered historic park or garden or its setting' (6.5.24). Similarly, the inclusion of an area on the (non-statutory) Register of Historic Landscapes is a planning consideration, and again Cadw should be consulted on any development 'within a registered historic landscape area that requires an Environmental Impact Assessment' (6.5.25).

Battlefields 2.20. England has a Battlefields Register, but there is at present nothing comparable for Wales. A Welsh register is currently in preparation, but its form and composition is not known, nor when it will be made available.

Designated wrecks 2.21. The Protection of Wrecks Act 1973 allows the designation of a restricted area around a wreck to prevent uncontrolled interference. These protected areas are likely to

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CPAT Report No 1542 Proposed LNG Energy Facility, Borras Hall Heritage Impact Assessment

contain the remains of a vessel, or its contents, which are of historical, artistic or archaeological importance. There are six designated wrecks in Wales.

Aircraft Crash sites 2.22. All military aircraft crash sites in the United Kingdom, its territorial waters, or British aircraft in international waters, are controlled by the Protection of Military Remains Act 1986. Under this act it is an offence to tamper with, damage, move, or unearth any remains without a licence from the Ministry of Defence.

Undesignated assets 2.23. These are undesignated heritage assets which may survive both above ground where they are still visible and/or buried beneath the surface. These could range in date from the prehistoric era through to the 20th century.

Historic Hedgerows 2.24. Various criteria have been used to classify historic hedgerows. In the context of a current cultural heritage assessment those that are most relevant are where a hedgerow incorporates or is part of an archaeological site and where it marks a pre- 1850 parish or township boundary. In this region there is generally so little published information on estate or manorial boundaries, another pair of criteria, that assessment utilising them is not feasible.

2.25. A further criterion (as cited in The Hedgerows Regulations of 1997 – SI No.1160) is ambiguous in stating that the regulation applies to a hedgerow that is recorded in a document held ‘…at a Record Office as an integral part of a field system pre-dating the Enclosure Acts’. This was qualified in guidance issued by DEFRA in May 2002 which stated that 1845 was the accepted cut-off date.

3 Methodology 3.1. The assessment was conducted according to the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists’ (CIfA) Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Field Evaluation (2014) and Standard and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment (2014).

3.2. The boundary of the Development Area for the proposed LNG Energy Facility has been based on information provided by the client, and is depicted in Fig. 7. This defines the area within which the LNG Energy Facility will be erected and within which and associated infrastructure will be located.

3.3. The desk-based study, which forms the basis for the assessment of the area, involved the examination of readily available written, cartographic, and aerial photographic sources held in the following repositories:

• The National Monuments Record (NMR), Aberystwyth through Coflein. • The National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth. • The regional Historic Environment Record (HER) maintained by CPAT in Welshpool.

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CPAT Report No 1542 Proposed LNG Energy Facility, Borras Hall Heritage Impact Assessment

3.4. Information regarding scheduled ancient monuments, listed buildings, registered historic landscapes and registered parks and gardens, based on a dataset provided by Cadw, dated April 2017.

3.5. The examination of heritage assets in subsequent fieldwork was specifically restricted to the Development Area in order to assess known assets and identify any previously unrecorded assets, though attention was also paid to assets immediately beyond the boundary. The examination was conducted as systematically as possible.

3.6. Consideration of the visual impact of the proposed development on protected (designated and registered) heritage assets was undertaken as a final stage before the compilation of this assessment. Protected assets within 5km of the Development were examined to assess the potential indirect visual effects of the proposal upon the assets and their settings.

Assessment of Source Material HER

3.7. The majority of known heritage assets within the general area of the proposed LNG Energy Facility were identified through a search of the regional HER, based in Welshpool.

Historic Maps

3.8. Readily available historic mapping for the area comprises the standard range of 19th- century maps – from the Ordnance Survey and the Tithe Commission – to which can be added an estate map of 1767. Several plans exist which relate to the World War II airfield at Borras, providing useful information relating to features within and immediately surrounding the Development Area.

Aerial Photography

3.9. The vertical aerial photography that was examined dated from the period between 1942 and 1983. No assets were identified which had not previously been recorded in the regional HER.

Written Sources

3.10. Long experience suggests that where an HER is low in pinpointed heritage assets, it is extremely unlikely that printed sources such as county histories or specifically themed articles will provide any new information that can be geographically located; any such information will already have been extracted by the HER.

Walkover Survey

3.11. The Development Area had previously been the subject of a field survey, conducted on 18 August 2015 in connection with the planning application for the solar arrays. Conditions for this type of survey were generally good with clear visibility and relatively dry ground. No heritage assets were discovered, although the nature of the boundaries and hedgerows was recorded. The survey confirmed that the area had been subject to sand and gravel extraction, the present ground level having been

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CPAT Report No 1542 Proposed LNG Energy Facility, Borras Hall Heritage Impact Assessment

lowered significantly over the area within which the gas generators will be located (see Fig. 7). A field visit was made on 19 January 2018 in order to assess potential visual impacts.

Assessment of Effects 3.12. Effects of the proposed Development on heritage assets can be assessed in the following categories:

• Direct - where there would be a physical effect on a heritage asset caused by the proposed LNG Energy Facility, usually although not exclusively at the construction or decommissioning stage • Indirect - where a heritage asset or its setting may be affected visually, or the setting is affected physically. The former is likely to occur during the operational life of the proposed overhead line, the latter usually although not exclusively at the construction or decommissioning stage • Cumulative - where incremental effects arise or may arise owing to the presence of other actual or proposed schemes. Cumulative effects are typically indirect visual effects • Uncertain - where there is a risk that the works may affect a heritage asset, as for example when it is unclear where the location or boundaries of a site lie, or where the baseline condition of a site cannot be established satisfactorily. 3.13. Effects may be assessed in terms of their nature (beneficial/neutral/adverse), their longevity and their reversibility.

3.14. Beneficial effects are those which could contribute to the value of a heritage asset through enhancement of existing features or introduction of new positive features

3.15. Neutral effects occur where a development neither contributes to nor detracts from the value of a heritage asset

3.16. Adverse effects are those that detract from the value of a heritage asset through a reduction in or disruption of its components, or through the introduction of new and inappropriate characteristics.

3.17. In practice, developments of the type rarely give rise to beneficial effects. Therefore, the effects described in this assessment are considered adverse with respect to heritage assets unless otherwise stated.

Significance Criteria 3.18. A judgement on the likely significance of the effect or impact arising from the proposed Development on each heritage asset identified during the baseline assessment is a function of the value (or importance) of that asset in conjunction with the magnitude of change likely to arise from the introduction of the development.

3.19. The value of individual heritage assets may be determined on the basis of their designated status, or where undesignated, by their perceived significance. Where designated or registered, the value is pre-determined by existing guidance as in the 8

CPAT Report No 1542 Proposed LNG Energy Facility, Borras Hall Heritage Impact Assessment

DMRB (2007) and is defined in tabulated form (for which see Annex 3). Where undesignated, the assessor draws on his/her own expertise and on knowledge of the regional and national historic environment in which the development is planned, and uses what is generally termed professional judgement.

3.20. Table 3.1 summarises the relative value (importance) of heritage assets relevant to this assessment, based on the classification given in DMRB 2007. In a departure from the DMRB guidelines it includes lower grade Listed Buildings (Grade II) with their higher grade counterparts, to reflect more accurately Welsh Government thinking on the importance of listed buildings.

4 The Cultural Heritage History of the Area 4.1. This section provides a brief summary of the archaeology and history of the Development Area and its surrounds, to enable the findings of the assessment to be placed in a wider context. PRNs are given for sites where further information relating to them is held in the regional HER.

Prehistoric Era (10,000BC - AD 43)

4.2. Prior to a series of archaeological excavations undertaken between 2008 and 2015 during the expansion of Borras Quarry, which borders the Development to the west, very little prehistoric activity was known in the immediate area. Further afield, on the outskirts of Wrexham, there are two scheduled round barrows of Bronze Age date (De163 Fairy Oak Round Barrow and DE164 Hillbury Round Barrow). The excavations at Borras Quarry have revealed significant evidence for extensive areas of prehistoric settlement across some of the Borras plateau, dating to the later Neolithic and Bronze Age.

Roman Period (AD 43 - 410)

4.3. Very few finds of Roman date are known in the immediate area save for a few finds which have been recorded to the south-east of the Development, all within 0.3km. Two brooches have been found nearby, one of which is a typical example of a 1st or 2nd century AD Roman two piece bow/dolphin brooch. One second-century AD coin has also been recorded. To the north-east of the development, some 3.78km away towards Holt, lies the scheduled Roman site of Bovium - the works depot of the 20th Legion. The site was partially excavated between 1907 and 1914, revealing various structures including barracks, a bath house, kilns and also the possible site of a barrow (PRN 101257). Sixty-five coins were also found during the excavations.

Medieval Period (410 - 1500)

4.4. Similarly, there is little evidence for medieval settlement in the immediate vicinity of the study area apart from a handful of finds to the south-east of the development that have been recovered by metal detectorists. The closest centres of medieval settlement in the area (though over 2.5km away from the development) include Gresford and Marford to the north-west of the development and Holt to the east. However, recent work at Borras Quarry identified evidence for early medieval metalworking dated to between AD 610 and 965.

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4.5. The early medieval earthwork of Wat's Dyke lies, at its closest point, some 3.2km to the west of the Development. The Dyke extends for around 40 miles, running generally parallel with and to the east of Offa's Dyke.

Post-medieval Period (1500 - 1900)

4.6. There are a number of 17th-century farmsteads within 500m of the development area, including Borras Hall, an early 17th-century former manor house, now a farmhouse. There is known to have been a house on this site in the 16th century which was held by David Llwyd the second son of Madoc ap Llewelyn. It was lived in by various prominent local families including the Breretons. Owen Brereton who was Mayor of Holt in 1630 is listed at that date as being in residence. Borras Hall was charged for nine hearths in the Hearth Tax of 1670.

4.7. Around 0.12km to the north of the development area is a mid-late 17th-century house known as Borras Head, which was sold to Lord Kenyon in 1803. It is known to have been occupied by John Roberts in 1838-1839 who was the Mayor of Holt at that time. Both Borras Hall and Borras Head are grade II* listed.

Fig. 2 Extract from the 1819 Ordnance Survey Surveyors’ Drawing with the study area circled in red

4.8. To the north-west of the development, an area of clay extraction and brick making is suggested by a bell-shaped quarry (PRN 86936), and 'Brick Kiln Field' (PRN 86937). A further six pits are depicted on the estate map of 1767. A number of pits are shown 10

CPAT Report No 1542 Proposed LNG Energy Facility, Borras Hall Heritage Impact Assessment

filled with water by 1767, and as brick was first introduced to Wales in as a building material in the mid 16th century, the activity probably commenced between these dates.

Awaiting redline boundary

Fig. 3 Extracts from the 1840 Tithe Survey for Borras Rifre Township in Gresford, showing the Development Area outlined in red

4.9. Mapped sources for this period are restricted to the Ordnance Survey Surveyors’ Drawing of 1819 (Fig. 2), the Tithe Survey of 1840 (Fig. 3) and the Ordnance Survey 1st edition 25” mapping of 1881 (Fig. 4). The Development Area is covered by the Gresford Tithe Survey, township of Burras Burras Riffri, with the relevant fields Landuse in the mid-19th century was a mixture of arable and pasture, while the fieldnames provided no useful information.

Awaiting redline boundary

Fig. 4 Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1st edition 1:2,500 map of 1881

20th Century

4.10. RAF Wrexham, also known unofficially as ‘Borras’ from the old township in which it lay, seems to have origins back as far as 1917-20, when fields at Borras Lodge were used by Nos. 4 and 51 Training Squadrons/Schools of the RFC/RAF based at Shotwick (Sealand) and Hooton Park and to practice emergency landings. The same fields were also used for regular flying by both the Lancashire Aero Club and the Liverpool and District Aero Club, and for a series of air displays during the 1930s. The site was taken over by the Air Ministry as a Relief Landing Ground in the winter of 1939-40 and more permanent runways and infrastructure were built between December 1940 and June 1941, when the airfield became a night-fighter base (Pratt and Grant 2002). Several features relating to the airfield survive on the periphery of the Development (Fig. 5).

Awaiting redline boundary Fig. 5: RAF Wrexham (as built 1941), showing the Development Area outlined in red

Awaiting redline boundary

Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2018.

Fig. 6 The Development Area (outlined in red), showing undesignated assets (black) and listed buildings (red)

5 The Baseline Assessment 5.1. The Development Area has been defined by the client and is depicted in Fig. 6. It has been determined that the entire area has previously been subject to quarrying and reinstatement, such that there is no potential for heritage assets within this area.

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CPAT Report No 1542 Proposed LNG Energy Facility, Borras Hall Heritage Impact Assessment

Heritage Assets within the Development Area 5.2. There are no designated or registered (i.e. statutorily and non-statutorily protected) assets within the Development Area.

5.3. The assessment identified a number of undesignated assets within the immediate surrounds of the Development Area (Fig. 6), but none are recorded within it.

Historic Hedgerows and Boundaries 5.4. As a result of previous quarrying operations most of the hedgerows within and surrounding the Development Area have been replaced. The only exception is the boundary alongside the minor road along the eastern side of the site. This is depicted on the Tithe Survey and forms part of an earlier field system. As such, it would be considered as an historic hedgerow under the 1997 legislation.

Palaeoenvironmental Potential 5.5. Previous quarrying activities on the site have removed any potential palaeoenvironmental deposits.

LANDMAP 5.6. The significance of the area is reinforced by LANDMAP, the Welsh methodology employed in landscape assessment. This indicates that the proposed development lies within a landscape (Historic Landscape Aspect Area WRXHMHL016) classed as being of moderate value, as an area mixed irregular fields, some preserving relict areas of medieval strip fields, occupying the undulating land between the more orderly fieldscapes of the Dee valley and the eastern fringe of Wrexham. It contains a scatter of minor country houses, most notably the 16th-century Borras Hall, Borras Head and Pant-yr-Ochain and their estates and other minor areas of parkland, as well as farms and land formerly belonging to the larger, neighbouring, Holt and Erlas estates. The area also contains a number of small lakes and pools, and the localised remains of small-scale sand and gravel extraction.

Heritage Assets within 5km of the Development Area 5.7. The study includes a consideration of designated and registered (i.e. protected) heritage assets within 5km of the Development Area in order to assess potential visual impacts, conventionally known as indirect impacts, on those assets. It is acknowledged that the potential visual impact of the proposed LNG Energy Facility will not disappear beyond 5km, but it is suggested that beyond this distance the effect will generally be slight or negligible. The assessment has been conducted on the basis of desk-based information and selected fieldwork, but without access to visualisations such as ZTVs, wirelines or photomontages.

5.8. The following provides details of all designated and registered heritage assets within 5km of the Development Area, summarised in Table 2 and Fig. 1 and regardless of the likelihood otherwise of intervisibility. It should be noted at this stage that all nationally designated assets are automatically considered to be of high value (see Annex 3 Table 3.1).

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CPAT Report No 1542 Proposed LNG Energy Facility, Borras Hall Heritage Impact Assessment

Table 2: Summary of Designated and Registered Heritage Assets within 5km of the Development Area

Within the Within Within Within Designated site Development 1km 2km 5km Area World Heritage Sites 0 0 0 0 Scheduled Ancient 0 0 0 12 Monuments Listed buildings 0 3 8 272 Registered historic parks and 0 0 1 3 gardens Registered historic landscapes 0 0 0 0 Conservation areas 0 0 0 9

World Heritage Sites 5.9. There are no World Heritage Sites within 5km of the Development Area.

Scheduled Ancient Monuments 5.10. There are 12 scheduled ancient monuments within 5km of the Development Area, including several sections of both Offa’s and Wat’s Dykes, and these are listed below in Table 3. The closest to the proposed LNG Energy Facility are a section of Wat's Dyke (DE151) located to the west of the Development Area, and Fishponds at Esp Hill (DE224), to the east, both at a distance of around 3.50km.

Table 3: Scheduled Ancient Monuments within 5km of the Development Area

SAM Distance & Name NGR Type Period Number direction Holt Roman Bath- DE013 SJ40505450 Roman 3.8km NE Settlement house DE024 Holt Bridge SJ41105430 Bridge Medieval 4.3km NE DE057 Bryn Alyn Camp SJ33105360 Hillfort Prehistoric 3.6km NW Bryn Alyn Round Round DE059 SJ33305410 Prehistoric 3.5km NW Barrow barrow DE106 Holt Castle SJ41105370 Castle Medieval 4.1km NE Wat's Dyke: Linear Early DE151 Section W of Ty- SJ33305280 3.2km W earthwork Medieval Gwyn

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Wrexham Churchyard Post- DE158 Ornamental SJ33505010 Gate Medieval/ 4.2km SW Wrought Iron Modern Gates and Screen Hillbury Round Round DE164 SJ33404930 Prehistoric 4.8km SW Barrow barrow Wat's Dyke: Section SSW of Linear Early DE191 SJ32805060 4.4km SW Wrexham Station, earthwork Medieval 130m Long Wat's Dyke: Linear Early DE221 Garden Village SJ33205220 3.6km W earthwork Medieval Section Fishponds at Esp DE224 SJ40405380 Fishpond Medieval 3.5km NE Hill Wat's Dyke at Linear Early DE286 Crispin Lane, SJ3295110 4.1km SW earthwork Medieval Wrexham

Listed Buildings 5.11. In total there are 288 listed buildings within 5km of the Development Area, which are listed in full in Annex 3. Of these, the three closest, lying within 2km, are listed in Table 4.

5.12. Table 4: Listed buildings within 2km of the Development Area

Listing Distance & Name NGR Grade Number direction 1563 Borras Hall SJ37125259 II* 0.3km NE 1565 Borras Head SJ36715326 II* 0.3km NE Hoseley Bank 17682 SJ36795396 II 0.9km NW Farmhouse

Registered Parks and Gardens There are three Registered Parks and Gardens within 5km of the Development Area, all of which lie to the north, the nearest being 1.9km to the north at Horsley Hall. Registered parkland has associated areas defined as the essential parkland setting and the significant view. These distinctions mean that although not part of the park itself, the essential setting and significant view is considered to be an essential

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element of the parkland landscape - perhaps the aesthetic appeal of the land added to the effect of the views to and from the Hall and gardens.

Table 5: Registered Parks and Gardens within 5km of the Development Area.

Ref No Name NGR Grade Distance & direction PGW(C) 26 Trevalyn Hall SJ36495677 II 3.7km N PGW(C) 59 Horsley Hall SJ36535508 II 1.9km N PGW(C) 74 Trevalyn House SJ36795653 II* 3.3km N

Registered Historic Landscapes 5.13. There are no Registered Historic Landscapes within 5km of the Development Area, the closest being Maelor Saesneg (Wrexham Maelor), which lies at a distance of 6.33km to the south-east.

Conservation Areas 5.14. Nine Conservation Areas lie within 5km of the Development Area, the closest of which is Gresford at a distance of 2.7km to the north-west.

Table 6: Conservation Areas within 5km of the Development Area

Name NGR Distance and direction Holt SJ41435448 3.7km NE Marford SJ35895626 3.3km NW Gresford SJ34695492 2.7km NW Salisbury Park SJ33464986 4.4km SW Fairy Road SJ33224952 4.6km SW Hightown Barracks SJ34114933 4.4km SW Wrexham Town Centre SJ33545023 4.0km SW Grosvenor Road SJ33295073 3.8km SW Rossett SJ36575716 3.9km N

6 Assessment of Effects/Impacts 6.1. The effects of a development on heritage assets may manifest themselves at any stage in the life-cycle of that development, and can be broadly grouped under the headings of i) Construction; ii) Operation and iii) Decommissioning. It can be assumed that in

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practice the potential effects of Construction and Decommissioning are likely to be reasonably similar so these are normally considered together.

6.2. For the purposes of this assessment, the terminology adopted is as laid out in the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB), Volume 11 Section 3 Part 2, HA 208/07), page 4/2, in the absence of any more recent official Welsh guidance on the subject. Short-term temporary impacts are those associated with the construction and decommissioning periods of a development and are reversible. Long-term temporary impacts are those lasting more than 15 years but are still reversible, and are normally associated with the operational life of a development. Permanent impacts are not reversible.

6.3. Where an effect is identified, an assessment is made of its significance. And to reiterate, in the context of this Development, all impacts on heritage assets are considered adverse unless otherwise stated.

6.4. In the assessment presented below, working procedures relating to the construction and decommissioning of the proposed LNG Energy Facility which are likely to give rise to potential heritage impacts are defined first, followed by an assessment of those impacts on individual assets. This is followed by operational effects.

6.5. Direct impacts on heritage assets are normally permanent and irreversible. Indirect impacts may be temporary or permanent depending on their nature.

Assessment of Direct Impacts 6.6. The majority Development Area has been subject to sand and gravel extraction and reinstatement such that there is no potential for previously unrecorded, buried heritage assets, although a small number of assets survive immediately beyond the boundary, none of which will be subject to any impacts as a result of the proposals. The only area thought to remain relatively undisturbed, and which might therefore have the potential for previously unrecorded, buried assets, is the gas storage area near the entrance to the facility. Here, an area of around 825m2 will be stripped of topsoil during the construction phase.

6.7. No additional direct impacts are predicted during the operational life of the proposed LNG Energy Facility.

Assessment of Indirect Effects 6.8. The main operational impacts of the proposed Development will arise from the introduction of the proposed LNG Energy Facility into an agricultural landscape, albeit one which has been modified by past quarrying and is currently dominated by the workings of Borras Quarry immediately to the west of the proposed Development. Any indirect effects are considered to be long-term temporary impacts which would be present for the 25-year operational life of the facility but would be reversible following decommissioning.

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Fig. 7 View from the south across the former quarry hollow showing the location of the proposed gas generators (arrowed).

6.9. The structures associated with the proposed LNG Energy Facility would be located in two separate areas, linked by a new access track. The 10 gas engines, transformers, switchgear container and a storage container would be located within the former quarry hollow. At 3m in height, these structures would not protrude above the rim of the quarry hollow and these elements of the facility would not therefore result in any visual impacts. The gas storage area would be positioned at the entrance to the facility, adjacent to the public road, outside the former quarry hollow. This area would contain two 3m-high gas storage tanks, four 4m-high regasification units and a 3m-high site office and these structures have the potential to affect heritage assets and their settings by, for example, downgrading views to or from an asset or introducing new elements into the landscape surrounding an asset. In practice, however, the visibility of the structures will be restricted by topography and intervening buildings and vegetation and this will be an important mitigating factor which will decrease intervisibility with distance. Any visual effects will persist throughout the 25-year lifetime of the Development and are classed as long-term temporary impacts.

6.10. The following section, together with the accompanying tables summarises the predicted long-term but temporary indirect impacts on the setting of designated assets within 5km of the proposed LNG Energy Facility. All designated assets are considered to be of high value while only those where visibility is predicted have been assessed and are described below.

Scheduled Ancient Monuments Wat’s Dyke

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DE151. Section west of Ty-Gwyn DE165. Section South of Ruthin Road DE191. Section south-south-west of Wrexham Station DE221. Garden Village Section DE286. Crispin Lane, Wrexham

6.11. The linear earthwork known as Wat’s Dyke extends for 64 km along the Welsh Marches, from Basingwerk Abbey on the River Dee estuary, to Maesbury in Shropshire. It runs generally parallel to its successor, Offa's Dyke, and has traditionally been seen as the work of Aethelbald, king of Mercia from AD 716 to 757. For much of the dyke’s length within 5km of the Development Area its course runs through the town of Wrexham, so that its setting is very restricted. Only the northern section (De151) runs through farmland and here the setting is slightly more extensive, taking in the adjacent pasture fields across which it may be viewed.

6.12. At its closest point the dyke lies 3.2km to the west of the Development Area, although the topography and intervening buildings are such that there will be no intervisibility between the dyke and the proposed LNG Energy Facility. The magnitude of the visual impact on the asset and its setting is therefore considered to be no change.

DE013. Holt Roman Settlement

6.13. The works depot of the 20th Legion is known to include barracks, a bath house, and tile kilns. The site is spread over two fields, overlooking the River Dee to the east. The setting of the asset may be considered to take in the whole of the fields within which it is located.

6.14. The topography and intervening trees and hedges restrict views towards the development and at a distance of 3.75km the magnitude of the visual impact is considered to be no change.

DE024. Holt Bridge

6.15. The medieval bridge across the River Dee is sited in the valley bottom with no direct views towards the Development. The magnitude of the visual impact on the asset and its setting is therefore considered to be no change.

DE057. Bryn Alyn Camp

6.16. The later prehistoric promontory fort situated on a long natural scarp surrounded on three sides by the River Alyn. This position was chosen deliberately for its defensive properties and the commanding views across the surrounding landscape. The largely tree-covered site is best appreciated from the opposite sides of the valley and these views will remain unaffected by the proposals. Its modern setting is restricted by development, particularly to the east, in the direction of the proposed LNG Energy Facility, by the presence of a railway and industrial estate.

6.17. At a distance of 3.4km there is considered to be no visual impact on the asset or its setting and the magnitude of the effect is therefore no change.

DE059. Bryn Alyn Round Barrow

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6.18. The Bronze Age burial mound is located in a slight saddle at the neck of the promontory on which Bryn Alyn Camp is sited. The setting is very similar to that of the promontory fort.

6.19. At a distance of 3.4km there is considered to be no visual impact on the asset or its setting and the magnitude of the effect is therefore no change.

DE106. Holt Castle

6.20. Built between 1282 and 1311 by John de Warenne, Holt Castle consists of a single ward in the shape of a pentagon. The castle is sited on the western bank of the River Dee and is overlooked by higher ground to the west, on which the village is sited, effectively screening any potential view of the proposed LNG Energy Facility.

6.21. There will be no visual impact on the asset and the magnitude of the effect is therefore no change.

DE158. Wrexham Churchyard Ornamental Wrought Iron Gates and Screen

6.22. A pair of wrought iron churchyard gates made by Robert Davies in 1720. The setting for the gates is provided by the churchyard and its immediate surrounds. The site, in the middle of the town, precludes any views of the proposed development.

6.23. There will be no visual impact on the asset and the magnitude of the effect is therefore no change.

DE163. Fairy Oak Round Barrow DE164. Hillbury Round Barrow

6.24. The two Bronze Age burial mounds are located on the south-western side of Wrexham, and lie 360m apart. Their location is such that any potential views of the proposed development will be entirely screened by buildings within the town.

6.25. There will be no visual impact on the asset and the magnitude of the effect is therefore no change.

DE224. Fishponds at Esp Hill

6.26. The series of fishponds may date from the medieval period and consist of a series of partly silted ponds divided by earthen banks. The ponds lie immediately to the west of the village of Holt and 3.5km east of the Development Area. The asset is best appreciated from the road to the north and its setting is provided by the surrounding pasture field.

6.27. At a distance of 3.5km there is considered to be no visual impact on the asset or its setting and the magnitude of the effect is therefore no change.

Table 7: Potential indirect impacts on Scheduled Ancient Monuments within 5km of the Development Area

Distance & Magnitude Significance SAM Name Type direction of Impact of Effect

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Number Holt Roman DE013 Bath-house 3.75km NE No change Neutral Settlement DE024 Holt Bridge Bridge 4.33km NE No change Neutral DE057 Bryn Alyn Camp Hillfort 3.38km NW No change Neutral Bryn Alyn Round DE059 Round barrow 3.41km NW No change Neutral Barrow DE106 Holt Castle Castle 4.14 NE No change Neutral Wat's Dyke: Linear DE151 Section W of Ty- 3.20km W No change Neutral earthwork Gwyn Wrexham Churchyard DE158 Ornamental Gate 3.94km SW No change Neutral Wrought Iron Gates and Screen Fairy Oak Round DE163 Round barrow 4.58km SW No change Neutral Barrow Hillbury Round DE164 Round barrow 4.53km SW No change Neutral Barrow Wat's Dyke : Linear DE165 Section South of 4.67km SW No change Neutral earthwork Ruthin Road Wat's Dyke: Section SSW of Linear DE191 4.17km SW No change Neutral Wrexham Station, earthwork 130m Long Wat's Dyke: Linear DE221 Garden Village 3.27km W No change Neutral earthwork Section Fishponds at Esp DE224 Fishpond 3.49km NE No change Neutral Hill Wat's Dyke at Linear DE286 Crispin Lane, 3.84km SW No change Neutral earthwork Wrexham

Listed Buildings 6.28. Of the 272 listed buildings identified within 5km of the Development Area, the vast majority are considered to have very localised settings. Even where there may be 20

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some intervisibility between them and the proposed LNG Energy Facility this is not considered to constitute a visual impact which would affect the appreciation of the building or its setting. There are only three listed buildings within 2km and of these only the two closest to the Development Area have been considered with regard to potential visual impacts.

Fig. 8 View from the proposed gas storage area looking towards Borras Hall (arrowed), only the chimneys of which are visible behind the visible buildings.

1563 Borras Hall

6.29. The grade II* listed early 17th-century former manor house is now a farmhouse. Its setting comprises the surrounding grounds and a range of former agricultural buildings, now converted to dwellings. At a distance of 310m from the Development Area there will be clear views across the intervening arable field which might potentially give views of the proposed LNG Energy Facility, although the position of the gas generators within the former quarry hollow is such that only the regasification units may have any intervisibility, which is likely to be very restricted. The proposals will not, however, have any effect on the principal views of the building, which are from the road to the east, or the main views from the building to the east. It is therefore considered that while there may be some restricted intervisibility the magnitude of the visual impact on both the building and its setting will be no change and its significance neutral.

1565 Borras Head

6.30. The grade II* listed building dates from the mid-late 17th century. Its setting comprises the grounds to the west and a range of agricultural buildings to the north, the southern edge being defined by a prominent dry valley which separates Borras Head from the field where the consented solar array is proposed(Fig. 9).

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Fig. 9. The dry valley which separates Borras Head (right) from the field containing consented solar array (left)

6.31. At a distance of 380m from the Development Area there will be views across the intervening dry valley which, though partly screened by trees, would permit visibility across the Development Area. However, the position of the proposed gas generators within the former quarry hollow is such that only the regasification units would have any intervisibility, which is likely to be very restricted. The proposals will not have any effect on the principal views of the building from within its setting, or the main views from the building to the east and west, away from the proposed development. It is therefore considered that while there may be some restricted intervisibility the magnitude of the visual impact on the building will be no change and on its setting will be negligible and its significance slight. The proposal includes the planting of a copse of native trees to screen the regasification units will will help to migitage any intervisibility, particularly over time. Any impact would, however, only remain for the operational life of the facility.

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Fig. 10 View from the proposed gas storage area looking towards Borras Head (arrowed), the gable end of which is visible, demonstrating that the principal views from the house face away from the proposed development.

Table 8: Listed Buildings within 5km of the Development Area which may be subject to a visual impact Listing Name NGR Distance & Magnitude Significance No. direction of Impact of Effect 1563 Borras Hall SJ37105258 310m SSE No change Neutral Borras 1565 SJ36715325 380m NNW Negligible Slight Head

Historic Parks and Gardens PGW(C) 26 Trevalyn Hall

6.32. Trevalyn Hall was built for John Trevor in 1576 and is considered to be one of the most important Elizabethan houses in the county. The park has the remains of 16th/17th-century deer parks, an embanked orchard, and walled garden. There is also a well preserved 19th-century topiary. The park contains two listed buildings, Trevalyn Hall (1528), a grade II* Elizabethan country house and the grade II listed Courtyard (17465 - formerly known as Trevalyn Hall Service Wing). This is connected to Trevalyn Hall though it is probably slightly later in date.

6.33. The parkland surrounds the house and is partially wooded, while the principal view from the garden is to the south-west, away from the proposed development. The registered parkland lies around 3.4km to the north of the Development Area and is surrounded by its essential setting as defined by Cadw which, at its closest point, is 23

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slightly closer at 3.1km distant. Much of the essential setting has been taken over for arable farming.

6.34. It is unlikely that there will be any direct views of the proposed Development Area from within the registered park owing to its distance and while it is possible that there may be some intervisibility with the regasificant units from the essential setting this will not affect the views to and appreciation of the parkland. It is therefore considered that there will be no visual impact on the asset and the magnitude of the effect is therefore no change.

PGW(C) 59 Horsley Hall

6.35. Horsley Hall has an Edwardian formal garden, with a rockwork area. The main garden remains lie to the north-east, east, and south of the house. The higher ground along the west side of the site is occupied by mixed woodland, some planted, some invasive. To the north-east of the house are two walled compartments. The principal view from the garden is to the north-east, away from the proposed development. The registered parkland lies around 1.6km to the north of the Development Area and is surrounded by its essential setting which, at its closest point, is slightly closer at 1.41km distant.

6.36. It is unlikely that there will be any direct views of the proposed Development Area from within the registered park owing to its wooded nature and while it is possible that there may be some intervisibility with the regasificant units from the essential setting this will not affect the views to and appreciation of the parkland. It is therefore considered that there will be no visual impact on the asset and the magnitude of the effect is therefore no change.

PGW(C) 74 Trevalyn House

6.37. The Trevalyn House gardens contain nineteenth-century pleasure grounds, including a substantial rockery and some fine mature trees, both coniferous and deciduous; well-preserved walls of kitchen garden. The Registered parkland contains two listed buildings, the grade II listed Trevalyn Hospital (17466 - formerly known as Trevalyn House) and the grade II listed stable-block (17467) to the north- east of Trevalyn Hospital. The parkland surrounds the house and is largely wooded, while the principal view from the garden is to the east, away from the proposed development. The registered parkland lies around 3km to the north of the Development Area and is surrounded by its essential setting which, at its closest point, is slightly closer at 2.7km distant.

6.38. It is unlikely that there will be any direct views of the proposed Development Area from within the registered park owing to its wooded nature and while it is possible that there may be some intervisibility with the regasificant units from the essential setting this will not affect the views to and appreciation of the parkland. It is therefore considered that there will be no visual impact on the asset and the magnitude of the effect is therefore no change.

Table 9: Registered Parks and Gardens within 5km of the Development Area which may be subject to a visual impact

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Ref No Name NGR Distance & Magnitude Significance direction of Impact of Effect PGW(C) 26 Trevalyn Hall SJ36495677 3.43km N No change Neutral PGW(C) 59 Horsley Hall SJ36535508 1.66km N No change Neutral PGW(C) 74 Trevalyn SJ36795653 3.09km N No change Neutral House

Conservation Areas 6.39. There are nine conservation areas within 5km of the proposed Development, the closest of which is Gresford at a distance of 2.41km to the north-west. The position of the proposed gas generators within the former quarry hollow is such that they will not be visible from any of the conservation areas. The regasification units will be located outside the former quarry hollow, but will be increasingly less visible with distance, particularly given the screening effects of intervening trees, hedgerows and buildings.

6.40. It is considered that there will be no visual impact on any of the conservation areas and the magnitude of the effect is therefore no change in each case.

Assessment of Cumulative Effects 6.41. The proposed LNG Energy Facility would be located within an area where solar arrays have already been consented and an application has been submitted to revise the site layout in order to accommodate the new facility (see Fig. 10). As noted previously, the gas generators would be positioned within the former quarry hollow which will mitigate any visual impacts.

6.42. The layout of the solar arrays has already been modified following comments from the planning officer and conservation officer, reflecting their concerns regarding potential visual impacts on the setting of Borras Head. The removal of arrays along the northern boundary, on the edge of the former quarry hollow, has mitigated the concerns regarding visual impacts. The only additional visual element, over and above the consented solar arrays, would be the gas storage infrastructure, the tallest elements of which are four 4m-high regasification units. The proposal includes the planting of a copse of native trees to screen the regasification units will will help to migitage any intervisibility, particularly over time.

6.43. The assessment has identified a possible negligible visual impact on the setting of Borras Head, and while modifications to the consented layout of the solar arrays has mitigated visual impacts, there remains the potential remains for limited visual impacts on the building’s setting. Cumulatively, therefore, the potential for a visual impact on the setting of Borras Head is considered to be no more than minor, the significance of which would be moderate/slight.

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7 Detailed Mitigation and Residual Impacts 7.1. The last stage of the assessment process is the identification of detailed measures designed to mitigate any impacts on individual heritage assets, whether known or unknown. Residual impacts are those effects which remain after this mitigation has been put in place.

Direct Impacts during Construction and Decommissioning 7.2. The entire Development Area has been subject to sand and gravel extraction and reinstatement such that there is no potential for previously unrecorded, buried heritage assets.

7.3. A small number of undesignated assets have been identified immediately beyond the Development Area, although field survey has demonstrated that none are known within the Development Area.

7.4. In summary, therefore, the proposals will have no direct impacts on known heritage assets, although there is the potential for impacts to previously unrecorded, buried assets during soil stripping for the new access and within the area of the regasification units.

7.5. Appropriate mitigation would therefore be to undertake an archaeological watching brief during soil stripping in this area, the depth of stripping and manner of in which this is undertaken to be under the direction of a suitably qualified archaeologist.

7.6. Sufficient time must be allowed for adequate recording of any remains that are encountered, and in the case of assets considered to be of medium, high or very high value, their continuing preservation may need to be considered by the archaeological curator in conjunction with the developer.

Indirect impacts during operation 7.7. The assessment has determined that there is limited potential for intervisibility between designated assets within 5km of the proposed Development and that even where this occurs there will be not impact on either the assets or their settings owing to the mitigating effects of distance and intervening features within the landscape.

7.8. The proposals include elements of screen planting in the area of the compound which will further reduce the visibility of the facility.

Residual Effects 7.9. Based on the assessment detailed in the preceding sections, the residual effect of the proposed Development is not considered to be significant.

8 Sources Published and unpublished sources

Cadw, 2001. Register of Landscapes of Special Historic Interest in Wales; part 2.2 of the Register of Landscapes, Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales, Cardiff: Cadw.

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Cadw, 2007. Guide to good practice on using the Register of Landscapes of Historic Interest in Wales in the Planning and Development Process. 2nd (revised) Edition. Cardiff: Cadw.

Cadw, 2011. Conservation Principles for the Sustainable Management of the Historic Environment in Wales. Cardiff: Welsh Assembly Government/Cadw.

Jones, N.W., 2000. Planning Application to extend the depth of workings, Land at Borras Airfield and Borras Hall Farm, Borras Quarry, Wrexham, Application Code CB3627: Archaeological Assessment. CPAT Report No. 343.1

Jones, N. W. and Watson, S., 2015. Borras Hall Solar PV Scheme, Wrexham: Cultural Heritage Assessment. Unpublished report. CPAT Report No. 1364.

Pratt, D. and Grant, M., 1999. Wings Across the Border: A History of Aviation in North Wales and the Northern Marches. Vol III. Wrexham.

Spencer, J. and Hankinson, R., 2012. Twentieth Century Military Airfields: Scheduling Enhancement Programme. CPAT Report No 1128. Cartographic sources

1767 Estate map of lands near Wrexham, Flintshire Record Office D/GW/661

1819 Ordnance Survey Surveyors’ Drawing No 316

1840 Tithe Survey for Gresford, Burras Hovah and Burras Riffri townships

1881 Ordnance Survey 1:2500 1st edition Denbighshire 29.01

1899 Ordnance Survey 1:2500 2nd edition Denbighshire 29.01

Vertical Aerial Photography

1942 RAF NLA/53 1 P.R.U No’s 1020, 2022, 5027, 5028 1943 RAF AC 33 41 O.T.U No 5028 1946 RAF 106G/UK 1454 No 4011 1946 RAF 36/THD/UK Nos 6282, 62863 1971 Meridian Airmaps Ltd 41/71 No 028 1984 MAFF/ADAS Film 227 No 003

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Annex 1: Local Planning Planning Policies Cultural heritage assets without statutory protection are curated by the archaeological advisors to the local planning authorities and afforded protection through Local Development Plan policies.

Those planning policies specific to the protection of cultural heritage assets include those in the Wrexham Unitary Development Plan which was adopted in February 2005. From the adopted UDP the following policies can be cited:

Policy EC4 Development proposals should provide for the conservation and management of hedgerows, trees, orchards, woodland, wildlife and other natural landscape and water features, and include new planting in order to enhance the character of the landscape and townscape. Development which results in the loss or significant damage to valuable trees, important hedgerows or ancient woodland sites will not be permitted.

Policy EC5 Within Special Landscape Areas, priority will be given to the conservation and enhancement of the landscape. Development, other than for agriculture, small-scale farm- based and other rural enterprises, and essential operational development by utility service providers, will be strictly controlled. Development will be required to conform to a high standard of design and landscaping, and special attention will be paid to minimising its visual impact both from nearby and distant viewpoints.

Policy EC7 Within, and in close proximity to, conservation areas, the priority will be to preserve and/ or enhance those buildings, structures, streets, trees, open spaces, archaeological remains, views, and other elements which contribute to the unique character of the area. New buildings and alterations or additions to existing buildings in conservation areas, whether listed as of special architectural or historic interest or not, must reflect the design and character of the area as a whole and the form, scale, detailing and materials of existing buildings.

Policy EC8 The demolition of any building in a conservation area will not be permitted unless, in exceptional circumstances:-

a) the building or structure is beyond reasonable repair; or

b) demolition would be a positive benefit to the conservation area's enhancement; and

c) planning permission has been granted and a legal agreement entered into for the erection of an appropriate replacement building reflecting the design and character of the conservation area.

d) the material generated from the demolition of the building will, where appropriate, be used for the construction of the replacement building or structure.

Policy EC9 Alterations or additions to, and development or redevelopment within the curtilage of, buildings or structures listed as of special architectural or historic interest must respect the setting and character of the listed buildings or structures.

Policy EC11 Development which would adversely affect the site or setting of a Scheduled Ancient Monument or archaeological site of national significance will not be permitted. 28

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Development that directly affects non-scheduled sites of archaeological importance will only be permitted if an archaeological investigation has been carried out to determine the nature, extent and significance of the remains, and this investigation indicates that in-situ preservation is not justified, and a programme of excavation and recording has been agreed. Development will also be carefully controlled to ensure that the setting of non- scheduled sites of archaeological importance is not harmed where appropriate.

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Annex 2: Significance Criteria Table 3.1: Definition of Value of Heritage Assets

Very High World Heritage Sites (including those nominated) Assets of acknowledged international importance • Assets that can contribute significantly to acknowledged international research objectives. High Scheduled Ancient Monuments (including those proposed) Undesignated monuments which could potentially be worthy of scheduling Listed Buildings – Grade I, II* and II Registered Historic Landscapes, Parks and Gardens • Undesignated assets that can contribute significantly to acknowledged national research objectives. Medium Conservation Areas • Undesignated assets that contribute to regional research objectives. Low Undesignated assets of local importance Assets compromised by poor preservation and/or poor survival of contextual associations • Assets of limited value, but with the potential to contribute to local research objectives. Negligible • Assets with very little or no surviving cultural heritage interest. Unknown • Importance of the asset not ascertained.

The assessment of the magnitude of effect considers the extent to which a heritage asset may be changed or affected by the proposed development through the introduction of new structures or the infrastructure. The thresholds for assessing magnitude of effect are set out in Table 3.2 which is derived from the DMRB Volume 11 Section 3 Part 2, Annex 5/13, 2007, although in a slightly form for each cultural heritage sub-topic (archaeology, buildings, etc) has its own set of determining factors, which are set out in detail in the DRMB.

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Table 3.2: Definition of Magnitude of Effect

Major • Changes to most or all of the key cultural heritage elements such that the assets Comprehensive changes to setting • Extreme visual effects Moderate Changes to many key cultural heritage elements such that the asset is clearly modified Considerable changes to setting which affect the character of the asset • Visual changes to many key elements Minor Changes to key cultural heritage elements such that the asset is slightly altered or different Sight changes to setting • Slight visual changes to a few key elements Negligible Very minor changes to cultural heritage elements, or setting • Virtually unchanged visual effects No Change • No change

A part of the EIA process is to extrapolate the degree of significance from the predictions of impact. No formal guidance from Welsh government currently exists for the assessment of significance of effects on heritage assets, but the DMRB does provide an alternative. The severity of the effect on heritage assets depends on both the magnitude of effect and the value or importance of the asset, as exemplified in the two tables above. Table 3.3 illustrates how information on the value of the asset and the magnitude of effect can be combined to arrive at an assessment of the significance of effect. This process ensures consistency in assessing the significance of effect, and serves as a check to ensure that judgements regarding value, magnitude and significance of effect are balanced. While the correlation of these two sets of criteria is a mechanical process, professional judgement provides the reasoned explanation of the rationale behind the conclusions that are drawn. For example, a highly valued heritage asset may require only a limited amount of change to result in an effect that is assessed as moderate or major, whereas a greater magnitude of change is likely to be required to result in equivalent effects on a less sensitive asset.

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CPAT Report No 1542 Proposed LNG Energy Facility, Borras Hall Heritage Impact Assessment

Table 3.3: Matrix for assessing significance of direct and indirect impacts on heritage assets

Magnitude Value of Heritage Asset of Effect Very High High Medium Low Negligible Major Very Large Large/ Moderate/ Slight/ Slight Large Very Large Moderate Moderate Large or Moderate/ Moderate Slight Neutral/ Very Large Large Slight Minor Moderate/ Moderate/ Slight Neutral/ Neutral Large Slight Slight Negligible Slight Slight Neutral/ Neutral/ Neutral Slight Slight No change Neutral Neutral Neutral Neutral Neutral

In the context of the EIA Regulations an impact judged to be moderate or greater is deemed to be ‘significant’. Any effect which is considered significant under the EIA Regulations is flagged as such in the text of the main report.

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CPAT Report No 1542 Proposed LNG Energy Facility, Borras Hall Heritage Impact Assessment

Annex 3: Listed Buildings within 5km of the Development Area Record number Name NGR Grade 9 Holly Cottage SJ35975629 II 10 Beechmount SJ35965622 II 39 Springfield Farmhouse SJ36005638 II 40 Romney Cottage SJ35985634 II 42 Roft Lee SJ35955632 II 43 Yew Tree Cottage SJ35935629 II 44 The Trevor Arms Hotel SJ35925626 II 45 Smithy Cottage SJ36055640 II 46 Beech Cottage SJ35995632 II 1528 Trevalyn Hall (including former lodge) SJ36515679 II* 1529 Trevalyn Farmhouse SJ38833573 II 1530 Rossett Mill SJ36475704 II* STANSTY PARK WITH ATTACHED GARDEN 1535 GATEWAY, GRIFFITHS ROAD (S SIDE), STANSTY SJ31955138 II 1536 Cornish Hall SJ38775236 II 1537 Plas Bostock SJ37995270 II 1538 1 Holt Hall (including the Peking Garden) SJ40985385 II 1539 Smithfield House SJ40895364 II 1540 Holt Hill SJ41025432 II 1541 New Holt Lodge Farm SJ37995127 II 1542 Village Cross SJ41035391 II 1551 Cefn Park (including attached stableyard range to N) SJ35684969 II 1553 Llwyn Onn Hall Hotel SJ35874938 II 1554 Darland Hall SJ37695783 II 1556 Rossett Hall Hotel SJ36855742 II 1557 Cooksbridge Farmhouse SJ38305650 II 1559 Lodge Farmhouse SJ38405440 II 1563 Borras Hall SJ37105258 II* 1564 Borras Farm SJ39505240 II

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CPAT Report No 1542 Proposed LNG Energy Facility, Borras Hall Heritage Impact Assessment

1565 Borras Head SJ36715325 II* 1591 Parish Church of All Saints SJ34645498 I 1592 Base of Cross SJ34635438 II 1593 Strode House SJ34635503 II 1595 Holt Castle SJ41135377 II* 1596 Parish Church of St Chad SJ41225411 I 1597 Chapel House Farm House SJ40205000 II 1598 Plough Inn PH SJ40405000 II 1727 Bryn-y-Grog Hall SJ34804840 II* 1732 1 Yew Tree Cottages SJ35305690 II 1733 Outbuilding range immediately E of Yew Tree Farm SJ35305690 II 1742 Holt Bridge SJ41165438 I 1746 Royal Welch Fusiliers Memorial, Bodhyfryd (W Side) SJ33645064 II 1747 Cherry Hill, Borras Park Road (N Side) SJ35265214 II Entrance Screen to Former Drive of Acton Hall, 1748 Chester Road (E Side) SJ33745182 II 1749 Acton Park Lodge, Chester Road (East Side) SJ33785184 II 1750 No.35 Chester Street (E Side) SJ33615047 II 1751 No.93, Dean Road (W Side) SJ34865155 II 1752 The Lodge, Jeffreys Road (W Side) SJ34825165 II 1753 The Cottage, Maesydre Road (E Side) SJ33765107 II 1754 No.20 (St. Giles House), Rhosnesni Lane(S Side) SJ34055137 II 1755 The Red Lion Public House, Abenbury Road(S Side) SJ34774916 II 1756 No 20, Charles Street (S Side) SJ33695023 II Kingsmills Bridge Over River Clywedog, Kingsmills 1757 Road SJ34734915 II Willow Bridge, with Adjacent Railings And Culvert 1758 Arch SJ33704992 II 1759 Wynnstay Arms Hotel, Yorke Street (E Side) SJ33635022 II 1760 The Cross Foxes Public House, Abbot Street(N Side) SJ33415024 II 1761 The Old Swan Public House SJ33425022 II Former Island Green Brewery including Former 1763 Malthouse SJ33205025 II

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CPAT Report No 1542 Proposed LNG Energy Facility, Borras Hall Heritage Impact Assessment

1764 Burton Buildings (Nos.26-30), Bridge Street(W Side) SJ33385010 II Offices and Lodge to Wrexham Lager Brewery, 1765 Central Road (S Side) SJ32985050 II 1766 No.1 Chapel Street (N Side) SJ33365001 II Pen-y-Bryn Welsh Baptist Chapel, Chapel Street (N 1767 Side) SJ33394997 II 1768 No.4 Chapel Street (S Side) SJ33354998 II 1769 Parish Church Of St. Giles SJ33555013 I Tomb of Elihu Yale, West of Church of St Giles, 1770 Church Street (S Side) SJ33515012 II* Sundial to West of Church of St Giles, Church Street (S 1771 Side) SJ33515013 II 2 Chest Tombs to West of Church of St Giles, Church 1772 Street (S Side) SJ33505014 II 2 Chest Tombs adjacent to W Boundary of 1773 Churchyard, Church Street (S Side) SJ33515012 II 1774 St Giles' Churchyard Gates, Church Street(S Side) SJ33525018 II* 1775 No 3 Church Street (E Side) SJ33525028 II 1776 No 7, Church Street (W Side) SJ33515019 II* 1777 The Commercial Public House, College Street(S Side) SJ33465015 II The Cambrian Vaults Public House, College Street (S 1778 Side) SJ33445015 II 1780 SJ33174963 II

1781 No.9 Fairy Road (N Side) SJ33214964 II 1782 No.11 (Stafford House), Fairy Road (N Side) SJ33284964 II 1783 No.26 High Street (S Side) SJ33615022 II 1784 No.28 High Street (S Side) SJ33605021 II 1785 No.29 High Street (S Side) SJ33595021 II 1786 No.30 High Street (S Side) SJ33585021 II 1787 No.31 High Street (S Side) SJ33575021 II No.33 (Previously Listed As No.32) High Street (S 1788 Side) SJ33565021 II 1789 Embassey Public House, High Street (S Side) SJ33555021 II 1790 No 36 High Street (S Side) SJ33545021 II

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CPAT Report No 1542 Proposed LNG Energy Facility, Borras Hall Heritage Impact Assessment

1791 No 38 High Street (S Side) SJ33535021 II 1792 No 40, High Street (S Side) SJ33535020 II 1793 No.43 (Trustee Savings Bank), High Street(S Side) SJ33525020 II 1794 Horse and Jockey Public House, Hope Street(S Side) SJ33405033 II 1795 No.2 (Beechley), Kingsmill Road (S Side) SJ33724972 II 1796 No.12 Madeira Hill (Nw Side) SJ33484986 II 1797 The Nags Head Public House, Mount Street(S Side) SJ33625009 II 1798 Statue Of Queen Victoria, Parciau SJ32955013 II 1799 The Bowling Green Public House, Pen-y-Bryn(E Side) SJ33384990 II 1800 Former County Buildings, Regent Street(S Side) SJ33185045 II Roman Catholic Cathedral of St Mary, Regent Street (S 1801 Side) SJ33165047 II Boundary Wall and Gates to Roman Catholic 1802 Cathedral, Regent Street (S Side) SJ33175049 II Presbytery at Roman Catholic Cathedral, Regent 1803 Street (S Side) SJ33135047 II No.49 (Former Wrexham Infimary), Regent Street (S 1804 Side) SJ33085054 II No.51 (Adult Education Centre, University College Of 1805 North Wales), Regent Street (S Side) SJ33055057 II 1810 No 1, Salisbury Road (NE Side) SJ33514981 II Gate Piers and Boundary Wall to No 1 Salisbury Road 1811 (Ne Side) SJ33514980 II 1812 Oteley House, Salisbury Road (NE Side) SJ33624972 II 1813 The Bishops House, Sontley Road (E Side) SJ33344950 II 1815 No.6 (Formerly Listed as No.8) Temple Row N Side) SJ33535018 II 1816 No.5 Town Hill (S Side) SJ33485019 II 1817 No.7 Town Hill (S Side) SJ33475029 II* 1818 No.9 (Dodman's), Town Hill (S Side) SJ33465018 II Former Border Brewery Chimney, Tuttle Street(E 1819 Side) SJ33605008 II Former Crossing Keeper's Cottage at Croesnewydd 1820 North Fork, Watery Road (S Side) SJ32815037 II 1821 The Old Three Tuns Public House, Well Place(W Side) SJ33295021 II

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CPAT Report No 1542 Proposed LNG Energy Facility, Borras Hall Heritage Impact Assessment

1822 The Old Vaults Public House, Chester Street(W Side) SJ33615028 II 1823 No.23 Chester Street (W Side) SJ33595047 II 1824 Wingett House (No.25), Chester Street (W Side) SJ33595048 II 1825 No.26 Chester Street (W Side) SJ50503360 II 1826 No.27 Chester Street (W Side) SJ33605050 II 1827 No.28 Chester Street (W Side) SJ33605051 II 1828 No.29 Chester Street (W Side) SJ33605051 II 1829 The Feathers Public House SJ33645025 II 1830 No.1 Grosvenor Road (NW Side) SJ33165056 II 1831 No.2 Grosvenor Road (SE Side) SJ33205051 II 1832 No 26, Grosvenor Road (SE Side) SJ33305074 II 1833 No.3 (Plas Gwilym), Grove Road (NW Side) SJ33445091 II 1834 No.9 Grove Road (NW Side) SJ33505096 II Fern Bank and Former Coach House, Grove Road 1835 (NW Side) SJ33525098 II 1836 Epworth Lodge, Grove Road (NW Side) SJ33535099 II 1837 Romano, Grove Road (SE Side) SJ33485086 II 1838 General Market Building, Henblas Street (NE Side) SJ33585031 II 1839 No 8 High Street (N Side) SJ33565023 II 1840 Butchers' Market, Henblas Street SJ33575023 II Nos.12-13 (The Golden Lion Public House), High 1841 Street (N Side) SJ33595024 II 1842 Nos.14-15 (Midland Bank), High Street(N Side) SJ33605023 II 1843 Central Arcade, Hope Street (N Side) SJ33515025 II Nos.48-49, The Talbot Public House, Hope Street (N 1844 Side) SJ33485032 II 1845 National Westminster Bank, Hope Street (E Side) SJ33515037 II Nos.1,3 & 5, With Nos. 56, 58 & 60 Regent Street, King 1846 Street ( W Side) SJ33215048 II 1847 No 55, King Street (W Side) SJ33395067 II Trinity Presbyterian Church of Wales, King Street (E 1848 Side) SJ33385062 II 1849 The Seven Stars Public House, Lambpit Street(N Side) SJ50433360 II 1850 No.8 (Stansty Cottage), Lodge Road (SE Side) SJ32885168 II 37

CPAT Report No 1542 Proposed LNG Energy Facility, Borras Hall Heritage Impact Assessment

Newi: Plas Coch (Former Denbighshire Technical 1851 College) SJ32655110 II 1852 Old Library, Queen Street (E Side) SJ33495042 II 1853 Abbotsfield Priory Hotel, Rhosddu Road(SW Side) SJ33335085 II 1854 Church of St James, Rhosddu Road (S Side) SJ33245114 II Wrexham General Station: Entrance Building, Station 1855 Approach (W Side) SJ32975080 II 1856 Nos.10-12 (Even), Weston Drive (NE Side) SJ32875177 II 1857 No.63 Acton Gate (N Side), Garden Village SJ33615196 II 1858 No 65 Acton Gate (N Side), Garden Village SJ33635197 II 1859 No 69 Acton Gate (N Side) Garden Village SJ33675198 II 15912 Cobham Cottage SJ40605020 II 16471 Plough Inn SJ34865155 II 16472 No 21, Charles Street SJ33695023 II 16473 No 22, Charles Street SJ33695023 II 16474 No 23, Charles Street SJ33695023 II Kingsmills Bridge over River Gwenfro, Kingsmills 16475 Road SJ34734915 II 16476 No 4, Church Street (E Side) SJ33525028 II 16477 SJ33515019 II*

16478 No 9, Church Street (W Side) SJ33516019 II* 16479 No 10, Church Street (W Side) SJ33515019 II* 16480 SJ33174963 II

16481 No 37, High Street (S Side) SJ33545021 II 16482 No 39, High Street (S Side) SJ33535021 II 16483 No 41, High Street (S Side) SJ33535020 II 16484 No 42, High Street (S Side) SJ33535020 II 16487 No 3, Salisbury Road (NE Side) SJ33514981 II 16488 No 5, Salisbury Road (NE Side) SJ33514981 II Gate Piers and Boundary Wall to No S, Salisbury 16489 Road (NE Side) SJ33514980 II Gate Piers and Boundary Wall to No 5, Salisbury 16490 Road (NE Side) SJ33514980 II 16491 No 24 Chester Street (W Side) SJ33595048 II 38

CPAT Report No 1542 Proposed LNG Energy Facility, Borras Hall Heritage Impact Assessment

16492 No 28, Grosvenor Road (SE Side) SJ33335074 II General Market Building - No 21 Henblas Street (NE 16493 Side) SJ33585031 II General Market Building - No 23 Henblas Street (NE 16494 Side) SJ33585031 II General Market Building - No 25 Henblas Street (NE 16495 Side) SJ33585031 II General Market Building - No 27 Henblas Street (NE 16496 Side) SJ33585031 II General Market Buildings - No 29 Henblas Street (NE 16497 Side) SJ33585031 II General Market Building - No 29a Henblas Street (NE 16498 Side) SJ22585031 II General Market Building - Public Convenience 16499 (Ladies), Henblas Street (NE Side) SJ22585031 II 16500 No 9 High Street (N Side) SJ33565023 II 16501 No 10 High Street SJ33575023 II 16502 No 11 High Street SJ33575023 II 16503 No 40 Henblas Street SJ33575023 II 16504 Nos 1-3 Queen Street SJ33485032 II 16505 No 57 King Street (W Side) SJ33395067 II 16506 No 59 King Street (W Side) SJ33395067 II 16507 No 61 King Street (W Side) SJ33395067 II 16508 No 63 King Street (W Side) SJ33395067 II 16509 No 65 King Street (W Side) SJ33905067 II No 67 King Street (W Side) ( also known as The Coach 16510 House) SJ33395067 II Boundary Wall, Gate Piers and Gates at Trinity 16511 Presbytarian Church of Wales, King Street (E Side) SJ33385062 II 16512 No 67 Acton Gate (N Side), Garden Village SJ33635197 II 16513 No 71 Acton Gate (N Side), Garden Village SJ33675198 II 16537 Lower Stansty Farmhouse, Stansty Chain Road SJ32505233 II 16841 Strawberry Pickers' Barracks at Bellis' Farm SJ40695367 II Presbyterian Church (including forecourt walls and 16957 railings) SJ40955376 II

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CPAT Report No 1542 Proposed LNG Energy Facility, Borras Hall Heritage Impact Assessment

16958 Puddleducks (including forecourt walls and railings) SJ40945375 II Former Baptist Chapel (including forecourt walls, 16959 gates and railings) SJ40945382 II 16960 Sundial in churchyard at Parish Church of St Chad SJ41215408 II Gates, Gate-piers and Railings at W entrance to 16961 churchyard at Parish Church of St Chad SJ41155411 II 16962 War Memorial (including railings) SJ41035389 II 16963 Deeside Farmhouse SJ41355392 II 16964 SJ40815392 II

16965 Former Wages Office at Bellis' Farm SJ40705353 II 16966 Pate Gate SJ40525342 II 16967 2 Holt Hall (including the Peking Garden) SJ40985385 II 17272 Pavilion including attached Skittle Alley at Cefn Park SJ35714961 II 17273 Cefn Park Lodge SJ35405020 II 17274 Gates and gate-piers at Cefn Park Lodge SJ35405020 II 17275 Ice-house to NW of Llwyn Onn Hall Hotel SJ35794942 II 17452 2 Yew Tree Cottages SJ35305690 II 17453 Christ Church SJ36515718 II 17454 Rossett War Memorial SJ36535717 II 17455 Canister Cottage SJ37035752 II 17456 Cook's Bridge SJ38305630 II 17457 Hem House SJ38805560 II 17459 Meifod SJ35775708 II 17460 The Stone House SJ35405700 II Mount Alyn Lodge (including gate piers at drive 17461 entrance) SJ34905680 II 17463 Pergola and gazebo at Darland Hall SJ37725779 II The Courtyard (formerly known as Trevalyn Hall 17465 Service Wing) SJ36545678 II Trevalyn Hospital (formerly known as Trevalyn 17466 House) SJ36815654 II 17467 Former Stable-block to NE of Trevalyn Hospital SJ36805650 II 17660 Church House SJ34635503 II 17661 Achill SJ34635503 II 40

CPAT Report No 1542 Proposed LNG Energy Facility, Borras Hall Heritage Impact Assessment

17662 Jessamine Cottage SJ35985634 II 17663 Primrose Cottage SJ35985634 II 17664 Stone Cottage SJ35985634 II 17665 Myrtle Cottage SJ35985634 II No 1 of 5 Graves in the graveyard to NW of All Saints 17666 Church SJ34595500 II No 1 of 6 Graves in the Graveyard to W of All saints 17667 Church SJ34615495 II Grave of Ann Williams in the Graveyard to S of All 17668 Saints Church SJ34655495 II No 1 of 3 Grave in the Graveyard to SE of All Saints 17669 Church SJ34685497 II 1 of a pair of Graves in the Graveyard to the E of All 17670 saints Church SJ34685499 II 2 of a pair of Graves in the Graveyard to the E of All 17671 Saints Church SJ34685499 II Graveyard Wall and Gatepiers to All Saints Church 17672 (included gates to S gateway) SJ34605490 II 17673 Circular Privy at Green Farm SJ34595506 II 17674 Cedar House SJ34455503 II 17675 Stables at Cedar House SJ34425501 II 17676 All Saints Primary School SJ34625487 II 17677 Former Schoolroom SJ34625487 II 17678 Schoolhouse and attached Walls and gatepiers SJ34625487 II 17679 Greenbank SJ35395435 II 17680 Allington Farmhouse SJ36755575 II 17681 Allington Farm Gatehouse SJ36785575 II 17682 Hoseley Bank Farmhouse SJ36825396 II 17683 The Cottage also known as Walnut Cottage SJ35945620 II 17684 Stable Block at Trevor Arms Hotel SJ35915626 II 17685 Summerhouse at Holly Cottage SJ35965627 II 17686 Pair of Circular Privies SJ35965620 II 17687 Marford Hall SJ36085580 II 17688 Roft Castle House SJ35855633 II

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CPAT Report No 1542 Proposed LNG Energy Facility, Borras Hall Heritage Impact Assessment

Courtyard Walls and three gazebos to rear of Roft 17689 Castle House SJ35845635 II Gatepiers and attached Walls flanking main drive 17690 entrance to Roft Castle House SJ35885636 II 17691 Roft Castle Stables SJ35785635 II 17692 Pistyll Bank SJ35865639 II 17693 No 18, Oakmount SJ35995573 II 17694 Pant-yr-ochain Hotel SJ34625338 II No 2 of 3 Graves in the Graveyard to SE of All Saints 17695 Church SJ34685497 II No 3 of 3 Graves in the Graveyard to SE of All Saints 17696 Church SJ34685497 II No 2 of 5 Graves in the Graveyard to NW of All Saints 17697 Church SJ34595500 II No 3 of 5 Graves in the Graveyard to NW of All Saints 17698 Church SJ34595500 II No 4 of 5 Graves in the Graveyard to NW of All Saints 17699 Church SJ34595500 II No 5 of 5 Graves in the Graveyard to NW of All Saints 17700 Church SJ34595500 II No 2 of 6 Graves in the Graveyard to W of All Saints 17701 Church SJ34615495 II No 3 of 6 Graves in the Graveyard to W of All Saints 17702 Church SJ34615495 II No 4 of 6 Graves in the Graveyard to W of All Saints 17703 Church SJ34615495 II No 5 of 6 Graves in the Graveyard to W of All Saints 17704 Church SJ34615495 II No 6 of 6 Graves in the Graveyard to W of All Saints 17705 Church SJ34615495 II 17706 U- shaped Farmyard Ranges at Llay Hall Farm SJ32505570 II 17707 Bryn Alyn Farmhouse SJ33305420 II 17815 Church of St Paul SJ40405000 II 18058 Pum-Rhyd SJ37504820 II 18062 Parkey Farmhouse SJ38104780 II 84802 Erlas Hall SJ372 508 II

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CPAT Report No 1542 Proposed LNG Energy Facility, Borras Hall Heritage Impact Assessment

87623 The Former Mines Rescue Centre SJ32815074 II 87719 Former Grove Park School SJ36045641 II

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