{DOWNLOAD} German Battlecruisers of World War One: Their Design

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GERMAN BATTLECRUISERS OF WORLD WAR ONE: THEIR DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATIONS PDF, EPUB, EBOOK

The lead ship, Ersatz Yorck , was the only vessel of the three to have begun construction, though she was over two years from completion by the time work was abandoned. The ship was broken up on the slipway and machinery that had been assembled for Ersatz Gneisenau was installed in the first four Type U U-boats. Nevertheless, the work that had gone into the Ersatz Yorck design was not a wasted effort; when the design staff began work on the Scharnhorst -class battleships in the s, they used the plans for Ersatz Yorck as a starting point. The Reichsmarineamt RMA — Imperial Naval Office decided that to meet the requirements set in the law, the Navy should construct one battleship and one battlecruiser every year between and , with an additional unit of both types in and The RMA initially believed the war would be over quickly, but by early , it had become clear that it would not be the case. As a result, it made the decision to use the prescribed construction program to replace the five armored cruisers that had been sunk in the first six months of the war with new battlecruisers, rather than lay down new battleships. The last three of these new battlecruisers were ordered to replace Yorck and the two Scharnhorst -class cruisers , the former having been sunk by German mines in November and the latter pair being sunk at the Battle of the Falkland Islands the following month. The three vessels of the Ersatz Yorck class were to have been members of the Mackensen class , and initial funding for the ships was allocated on 21 February Vizeadmiral Vice Admiral Reinhard Scheer , the commander of the High Seas Fleet , expressed his preference for GK2, the largest and fastest of the versions with a top speed of Some consideration was given to the idea that the new battlecruiser design should represent a merging of the battleship and battlecruiser types—what was later termed a " fast battleship "—a concept Wilhelm II had been pushing for years. The so-called " grosskampfschiff " large combat ship would simplify construction and design work, but Konteradmiral Rear Admiral Georg Hebbinghaus , the head of the General Navy Department, pointed out that under the German Naval Laws, such a change would not be permitted and that the laws would need to be rewritten to allow the new type. Hebbinghaus nevertheless allowed that the design staff had some leeway in warship development that could be used to get around the legal restrictions. In a meeting on 12 August, Hebbinghaus stated that he wanted to build ships that were similar to traditional battleship designs, preferring survivability to offensive power; he argued that the Mackensen s should be cancelled in favor of this new type, since they had been designed before the navy had any war experience on which to base them. Capelle stated that the last three Mackensen s— Ersatz Yorck , Ersatz Scharnhorst , and Ersatz Gneisenau —and Ersatz Friedrich Carl if work had not proceeded too far along, should be reordered as a completely new design, GK6, which he submitted. Scheer objected to the decrease in speed, and for the time being, Hebbinghaus's and Capelle's proposals came to nothing. Another meeting on 24 August concluded that all seven ships of the Mackensen class would be built as designed, the General Navy Department noting that they would "still undoubtedly represent a very valuable addition to the fleet in By this time, much of the construction resources of the German Navy had been redirected to the U-boat fleet, so the new ships could not be completed before ; as a result, the Mackensen s would be inferior to the latest American and British designs. By that time, Ersatz Friedrich Carl had been laid down the previous November, and was too far along to be converted, leaving the last three Mackensen s as the only members available to be rearmed. Indeed, Ersatz Yorck had already been laid down in July. During the re-design process, Scheer requested that the new ships have increased armament, armor, and speed compared to the first four Mackensen s, but owing to the constraints imposed, only the armament could be increased, and the deck armor and speed had to be reduced slightly to keep displacement in check. The length and draft were also increased to keep the ships' speed from falling too much. Since the ships' propulsion systems had already been ordered, they were kept essentially identical to the original Mackensen design, although internal rearrangements allowed the boilers to be trunked into one large funnel rather than the two of the Mackensen s, which conferred several advantages. These included a significant reduction in smoke interference with the spotting tops and additional room to move the tripod mast further aft, which reduced the risk of the mast falling on the conning tower in the event of battle damage and increased the field of view from the spotting top. The Ersatz Yorck -class ships were an enlargement of the previous Mackensen -class ships. They were Ersatz Yorck had the same beam as the earlier vessels, at The Ersatz Yorck -class ships' hulls were to have been constructed with longitudinal steel frames with the outer plating riveted on. The hulls were divided into eighteen watertight compartments. As with all German battlecruisers that had been built, the Ersatz Yorck -class ships would have been equipped with four sets of Parsons steam turbines , [7] each of which drove a 3-bladed screw that was 4. The turbines were supplied with steam by 24 coal-fired Schulz-Thornycroft single-ended boilers and 8 oil-fired Schulz-Thornycroft double-ended boilers. The ships were to have electrical power provided by diesel generators. The Ersatz Yorck s were intended to mount a pair of rudders side by side for steering. However, the areas of the hull between the torpedo bulkhead and the outer wall of the ship were also used for fuel storage. In both designs the turrets were arranged in two superfiring pairs, one forward and the other aft. The guns had to be returned to 2. Each turret was fitted with a stereo rangefinder. The shell allotment was divided between armor piercing and high explosive versions, with 60 of the former and 30 of the latter. These guns were intended for defense against torpedo boats , and were supplied with a total of 2, shells. The question about the main battery for the new battlecruisers was the most pressing; the previous Derfflinger class was armed with This meant that an increase in displacement would necessitate a longer and wider hull to keep any increases in draft minimal and avoid reducing the speed. The constraints on enlarging the hull were compounded by restrictions on width imposed by the locks of the canal in Wilhelmshaven. The design staff suggested using triple or even quadruple gun turrets to keep the displacement under the 30,ton limit. The question of whether the new ships should be powered entirely by oil-fired boilers was less controversial. The design staff was generally in agreement with the standard practice of using coal-fired boilers for two-thirds of the power plant, with the remainder being oil-fired boilers. Coal-fired boilers were preferred because the coal, stored in the sides of the ship, provided additional protection, particularly for the battlecruisers, which carried less armor than their battleship counterparts. This was the same type of construction as in the preceding Derfflinger -class battlecruisers, and was intended to save weight compared to the traditional method of construction, which incorporated both longitudinal and transverse frames. Experience with previous battlecruiser designs led to the adoption of a continuous upper deck, which raised the level of the deck aft. This was necessary because the aft decks of earlier designs were usually awash when steaming at high speed, even in calm seas. The ships were also equipped with a bulbous bow to reduce drag on the hull, the first time the feature was used in the German Navy. Service as a squadron flagship would increase that number by an additional 14 officers and 62 sailors. The vessels carried a number of small boats, including two picket boats, one barge, two launches , two cutters, and three yawls. The ships of the Mackensen class were equipped with four sets of marine-type turbine engines , each of which drove a three-bladed screw propeller that was 4. The ships had 24 coal-fired marine-type single ended boilers and eight oil-fired marine-type boilers. The turrets were mounted in superfiring pairs fore and aft of the main superstructure. The guns were supplied with a total of armor-piercing shells, or 90 per gun. As with other heavy German guns, these weapons used a fore propellant charge in a silk bag with a main charge in a brass case. The ships' secondary battery consisted of fourteen 15 cm 5. The guns had a sustained rate of fire of 7 rounds per minute. The shells were The guns were expected to fire around 1, shells before they needed to be replaced. The ships were also armed with eight 8. Four were arranged around the rear superfiring main battery turret and the other four around the forward conning tower. As was standard for warships of the period, the Mackensen s were equipped with submerged torpedo tubes. The Mackensen - class ships were protected with Krupp cemented steel armor , as was the standard for German warships of the period. This included the ammunition magazines and the machinery spaces. The last three ships were redesigned as the Ersatz Yorck class , leaving four ships to be built to the Mackensen design. Mackensen was funded through the budget, while funding for Graf Spee came from the war budget. She was launched on 21 April ; [9] at the small launching ceremony, Generaloberst Colonel General Josias von Heeringen gave the speech and the ship was christened by Mackensen's wife. She was sold for scrap and eventually broken up in at Kiel -Nordmole. She was launched on 15 September She too was struck on 17 November ; on 28 October the unfinished hull was sold for 4. Mackensen-class battlecruiser - Wikipedia

To this end, this book suits both the expert on Naval history, but equally the novice researcher who is looking to find out more. A wonderful index at the back provides important reference. Again another masterpiece on essential naval documentation that can not be missing in our library. Read the full Spanish review here. This comprehensive study looks at the design and construction of the eight battlecruisers which served the German Navy during World War 1. A superb series of full-colour, specially-commissioned graphics shows full-length profiles and top-down views of each ship in detail. An immense amount of effort has gone into producing this book which is a mine of information and will remain the fundamental source for these ships for the foreseeable future. The book is produced to the high standard that has come to be expected of Seaforth, beautifully presented with a vast array of detailed illustrations, maps, photographs from the author's own collection and custom-commissioned CAD renders throughout. Print, binding and layout are all excellent. This new study of the German Imperial Navy's battlecruisers, known as Panzerkreuzers, literally 'armoured cruisers', details their design and construction and traces the full history of the seven ships of the type largely from first hand German sources and official documents, many previously unpublished in English. This stunning book, which is the most comprehensive English language study yet published of the German battlecruisers, details the design, construction and service histories of seven ships largely from first-hand German sources A 'must have' for all those interested in First World War battlecruisers. The book is beautifully produced, excellent value for money and contains much material that has never before been published in English. This lavish, large size book with the detailed individual biographies of the seven German battlecruisers of the First World War has to be the key reference book on this endlessly fascinating subject. This thoroughly absorbing book is extensively illustrated with a huge number of photographs, many newly or rarely seen, plus diagrams, including guns, shells and boats and many detailed ship plans by Marsden Samuel. A master reference book most highly recommended. This new page book is everything you would want form a modeller's point of view - it's packed with photographs and plans of all the German battlecruisers, including those that were not completed or only reached the project stage. All in all, I can't recommend this book highly enough - it's right up there with the like of R. Burt and Norman Friedman and you'll have to go a long way to find a better publication. Products Authors Categories Series. Toggle navigation. All By Date Books All Reference Books Politics. Latest Releases Coming Soon Blog. Your basket is empty. Add to Basket. What's this? Hindenburg ' s primary armament was eight SMS Hindenburg was the last battlecruiser completed for the Imperial German Navy, and as such had a very short career. She was fully operational by 20 October , but this was too late to see any major operation in World War I. The British raiders included the new battlecruisers Repulse , Courageous , and Glorious. On 12 December, four German destroyers ambushed a second British convoy of five cargo vessels and two British destroyers. All five transports were sunk, as was one of the destroyers. At on 23 April , the German fleet, with Hindenburg in the lead, departed from the Schillig roadstead. Hipper ordered wireless transmissions be kept to a minimum, to prevent British intelligence from receiving radio intercepts. Without resistance from the water, the propeller-less shaft began spinning faster and faster, until one of the engine gears flew apart. Shrapnel from the broken machinery damaged several boilers and tore a hole in the hull; the ship was dead in the water. However, it was decided to take the ship under tow by the battleship Oldenburg. Despite this setback, Hipper continued northward. By , Hipper's force had crossed the convoy route several times but had found nothing. At , Hipper turned his ships southward. By , the German fleet had made it back to the defensive minefields surrounding their bases. It was later discovered that the convoy had left port a day later than expected by the German planning staff. Hindenburg was to have taken part in what would have amounted to the "death ride" of the High Seas Fleet shortly before the end of World War I. The bulk of the High Seas Fleet was to have sortied from their base in Wilhelmshaven to engage the Grand Fleet; Admiral Reinhard Scheer intended to inflict as much damage as possible on the British navy, to achieve a better bargaining position for Germany whatever the cost to the fleet. After both strikes, the fleet was to concentrate off the Dutch coast, where it would meet the Grand Fleet in battle. While the fleet was consolidating in Wilhelmshaven, war-weary sailors began deserting en masse. On 24 October , the order was given to sail from Wilhelmshaven. In the face of open rebellion, the order to sail was rescinded and the planned operation was abandoned. Under the terms of the Armistice between Germany and the Allies that ended World War I, the majority of the German fleet was to be interned at Scapa Flow ; this included Hindenburg and the rest of the battlecruisers. On 21 November , the ships to be interned—14 capital ships, seven light cruisers, and 50 of the most modern torpedo boats—departed German waters for what would prove to be the last time. The massive flotilla consisted of some British, American, and French warships. The fleet remained in captivity during the negotiations in Versailles that ultimately produced the treaty that ended the war. A copy of The Times informed Reuter that the Armistice was to expire at noon on 21 June , the deadline by which Germany was to have signed the peace treaty. Reuter came to the conclusion that the British intended to seize the German ships after the Armistice expired. On the morning of 21 June, the British fleet left Scapa Flow to conduct training maneuvers; at Reuter transmitted the order to his ships. Her captain had deliberately arranged that the ship sank on an even keel to make it easier for her crew to escape. Her bell was presented to the Bundesmarine Federal Navy on 28 May From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. German battlecruiser of the Kaiserliche Marine. Main article: Derfflinger-class battlecruiser. Main article: Scuttling of the German fleet at Scapa Flow. SMS Hindenburg - Wikipedia

The design staff suggested using triple or even quadruple gun turrets to keep the displacement under the 30,ton limit. The question of whether the new ships should be powered entirely by oil-fired boilers was less controversial. The design staff was generally in agreement with the standard practice of using coal-fired boilers for two-thirds of the power plant, with the remainder being oil-fired boilers. Coal-fired boilers were preferred because the coal, stored in the sides of the ship, provided additional protection, particularly for the battlecruisers, which carried less armor than their battleship counterparts. This was the same type of construction as in the preceding Derfflinger -class battlecruisers, and was intended to save weight compared to the traditional method of construction, which incorporated both longitudinal and transverse frames. Experience with previous battlecruiser designs led to the adoption of a continuous upper deck, which raised the level of the deck aft. This was necessary because the aft decks of earlier designs were usually awash when steaming at high speed, even in calm seas. The ships were also equipped with a bulbous bow to reduce drag on the hull, the first time the feature was used in the German Navy. Service as a squadron flagship would increase that number by an additional 14 officers and 62 sailors. The vessels carried a number of small boats, including two picket boats, one barge, two launches , two cutters, and three yawls. The ships of the Mackensen class were equipped with four sets of marine-type turbine engines , each of which drove a three-bladed screw propeller that was 4. The ships had 24 coal-fired marine-type single ended boilers and eight oil-fired marine-type boilers. The turrets were mounted in superfiring pairs fore and aft of the main superstructure. The guns were supplied with a total of armor-piercing shells, or 90 per gun. As with other heavy German guns, these weapons used a fore propellant charge in a silk bag with a main charge in a brass case. The ships' secondary battery consisted of fourteen 15 cm 5. The guns had a sustained rate of fire of 7 rounds per minute. The shells were The guns were expected to fire around 1, shells before they needed to be replaced. The ships were also armed with eight 8. Four were arranged around the rear superfiring main battery turret and the other four around the forward conning tower. As was standard for warships of the period, the Mackensen s were equipped with submerged torpedo tubes. Check XE. Description Reviews 12 This is the most comprehensive study yet in the English language of the German Imperial Navy's battlecruisers that served in the First World War. Jon Sandison, Freelance Again another masterpiece on essential naval documentation that can not be missing in our library. Ships Monthly, December An immense amount of effort has gone into producing this book which is a mine of information and will remain the fundamental source for these ships for the foreseeable future. Warship annual - Aidan Dodson The book is produced to the high standard that has come to be expected of Seaforth, beautifully presented with a vast array of detailed illustrations, maps, photographs from the author's own collection and custom-commissioned CAD renders throughout. The International Journal of Maritime History This new study of the German Imperial Navy's battlecruisers, known as Panzerkreuzers, literally 'armoured cruisers', details their design and construction and traces the full history of the seven ships of the type largely from first hand German sources and official documents, many previously unpublished in English. Warship World As featured in. Marine News This lavish, large size book with the detailed individual biographies of the seven German battlecruisers of the First World War has to be the key reference book on this endlessly fascinating subject. Scuttlebutt This new page book is everything you would want form a modeller's point of view - it's packed with photographs and plans of all the German battlecruisers, including those that were not completed or only reached the project stage. Triumph of the Imperial German Navy In late , the Russians, despite the revolution, were still willing to continue the war against Germany. This is an… Available in the following formats: Paperback ePub Kindle. Available in the following formats: Hardback ePub Kindle. Available in the following formats: Paperback ePub Kindle. Available in the following formats: ePub Kindle. Available in the following formats: ePub Paperback Kindle. Available in the following formats: ePub Hardback Kindle. Registered in England No. Continue Shopping View Basket. To keep costs from growing too quickly, the number of guns was reduced from ten to eight, compared to the earlier Seydlitz , but a more efficient superfiring arrangement was adopted. Hindenburg , the third and final member of the class, was allocated to the construction program. Hindenburg was slightly longer than her two sister ships , at Hindenburg displaced 26, tonnes 26, long tons normally and up to 31, tonnes 31, long tons fully laden. Hindenburg was propelled by four sets of steam turbines driving four screws ; steam was provided by 14 coal-fired marine-type double boilers and eight oil-fired marine-type double-ended boilers. Hindenburg ' s primary armament was eight SMS Hindenburg was the last battlecruiser completed for the Imperial German Navy, and as such had a very short career. She was fully operational by 20 October , but this was too late to see any major operation in World War I. The British raiders included the new battlecruisers Repulse , Courageous , and Glorious. On 12 December, four German destroyers ambushed a second British convoy of five cargo vessels and two British destroyers. All five transports were sunk, as was one of the destroyers. At on 23 April , the German fleet, with Hindenburg in the lead, departed from the Schillig roadstead. Hipper ordered wireless transmissions be kept to a minimum, to prevent British intelligence from receiving radio intercepts. Without resistance from the water, the propeller-less shaft began spinning faster and faster, until one of the engine gears flew apart. Shrapnel from the broken machinery damaged several boilers and tore a hole in the hull; the ship was dead in the water. However, it was decided to take the ship under tow by the battleship Oldenburg. Despite this setback, Hipper continued northward. By , Hipper's force had crossed the convoy route several times but had found nothing. At , Hipper turned his ships southward. By , the German fleet had made it back to the defensive minefields surrounding their bases. It was later discovered that the convoy had left port a day later than expected by the German planning staff. Hindenburg was to have taken part in what would have amounted to the "death ride" of the High Seas Fleet shortly before the end of World War I. The bulk of the High Seas Fleet was to have sortied from their base in Wilhelmshaven to engage the Grand Fleet; Admiral Reinhard Scheer intended to inflict as much damage as possible on the British navy, to achieve a better bargaining position for Germany whatever the cost to the fleet.

List of battlecruisers of Germany - Wikipedia

Experience with previous battlecruiser designs led to the adoption of a continuous upper deck, which raised the level of the deck aft. This was necessary because the aft decks of earlier designs were usually awash when steaming at high speed, even in calm seas. The ships were also equipped with a bulbous bow to reduce drag on the hull, the first time the feature was used in the German Navy. Service as a squadron flagship would increase that number by an additional 14 officers and 62 sailors. The vessels carried a number of small boats, including two picket boats, one barge, two launches , two cutters, and three yawls. The ships of the Mackensen class were equipped with four sets of marine-type turbine engines , each of which drove a three-bladed screw propeller that was 4. The ships had 24 coal-fired marine-type single ended boilers and eight oil-fired marine-type boilers. The turrets were mounted in superfiring pairs fore and aft of the main superstructure. The guns were supplied with a total of armor-piercing shells, or 90 per gun. As with other heavy German guns, these weapons used a fore propellant charge in a silk bag with a main charge in a brass case. The ships' secondary battery consisted of fourteen 15 cm 5. The guns had a sustained rate of fire of 7 rounds per minute. The shells were The guns were expected to fire around 1, shells before they needed to be replaced. The ships were also armed with eight 8. Four were arranged around the rear superfiring main battery turret and the other four around the forward conning tower. As was standard for warships of the period, the Mackensen s were equipped with submerged torpedo tubes. The Mackensen -class ships were protected with Krupp cemented steel armor , as was the standard for German warships of the period. This included the ammunition magazines and the machinery spaces. The last three ships were redesigned as the Ersatz Yorck class , leaving four ships to be built to the Mackensen design. Mackensen was funded through the budget, while funding for Graf Spee came from the war budget. She was launched on 21 April ; [9] at the small launching ceremony, Generaloberst Colonel General Josias von Heeringen gave the speech and the ship was christened by Mackensen's wife. She was sold for scrap and eventually broken up in at Kiel -Nordmole. She was launched on 15 September She too was struck on 17 November ; on 28 October the unfinished hull was sold for 4. She was 21 months away from completion when she was launched to clear the slip on 13 March and was broken up at Hamburg in At the launching ceremony, dockyard workers named the ship Noske , after Reichswehr Minister Gustav Noske. She was about 26 months from completion when work ended. She was never launched; instead, the vessel was broken up on the slip in The Mackensen design was used as the basis for the Ersatz-Yorck class, which incorporated the larger guns and more armor for the main battery turrets and barbettes. More powerful engines were unavailable to compensate for the extra weight, so the designers were forced to accept a reduced speed. Nevertheless, like the Mackensen s, the three ships ordered under the Ersatz-Yorck design were never completed. The primary reason construction halted on the four ships was the shifting of construction materials and manpower from capital ships to U-boats in the last two years of the war. Scheer objected to the decrease in speed, and for the time being, Hebbinghaus's and Capelle's proposals came to nothing. Another meeting on 24 August concluded that all seven ships of the Mackensen class would be built as designed, the General Navy Department noting that they would "still undoubtedly represent a very valuable addition to the fleet in By this time, much of the construction resources of the German Navy had been redirected to the U-boat fleet, so the new ships could not be completed before ; as a result, the Mackensen s would be inferior to the latest American and British designs. By that time, Ersatz Friedrich Carl had been laid down the previous November, and was too far along to be converted, leaving the last three Mackensen s as the only members available to be rearmed. Indeed, Ersatz Yorck had already been laid down in July. During the re-design process, Scheer requested that the new ships have increased armament, armor, and speed compared to the first four Mackensen s, but owing to the constraints imposed, only the armament could be increased, and the deck armor and speed had to be reduced slightly to keep displacement in check. The length and draft were also increased to keep the ships' speed from falling too much. Since the ships' propulsion systems had already been ordered, they were kept essentially identical to the original Mackensen design, although internal rearrangements allowed the boilers to be trunked into one large funnel rather than the two of the Mackensen s, which conferred several advantages. These included a significant reduction in smoke interference with the spotting tops and additional room to move the tripod mast further aft, which reduced the risk of the mast falling on the conning tower in the event of battle damage and increased the field of view from the spotting top. The Ersatz Yorck -class ships were an enlargement of the previous Mackensen -class ships. They were Ersatz Yorck had the same beam as the earlier vessels, at The Ersatz Yorck -class ships' hulls were to have been constructed with longitudinal steel frames with the outer plating riveted on. The hulls were divided into eighteen watertight compartments. As with all German battlecruisers that had been built, the Ersatz Yorck -class ships would have been equipped with four sets of Parsons steam turbines , [7] each of which drove a 3-bladed screw that was 4. The turbines were supplied with steam by 24 coal-fired Schulz-Thornycroft single-ended boilers and 8 oil-fired Schulz-Thornycroft double-ended boilers. The ships were to have electrical power provided by diesel generators. The Ersatz Yorck s were intended to mount a pair of rudders side by side for steering. However, the areas of the hull between the torpedo bulkhead and the outer wall of the ship were also used for fuel storage. In both designs the turrets were arranged in two superfiring pairs, one forward and the other aft. The guns had to be returned to 2. Each turret was fitted with a stereo rangefinder. The shell allotment was divided between armor piercing and high explosive versions, with 60 of the former and 30 of the latter. These guns were intended for defense against torpedo boats , and were supplied with a total of 2, shells. The guns had a sustained rate of fire of 5 to 7 rounds per minute. The shells were The ships were also to be equipped with eight 8. Four were arranged around the rear superfiring main battery turret and the other four around the forward conning tower. As was standard for warships of the period, the Ersatz Yorck s were to be equipped with submerged torpedo tubes. The Ersatz Yorck -class ships were protected with Krupp cemented steel armor , as was the standard for German warships of the period. The armor layout was identical to the preceding Mackensen class, which was itself very similar to the armor scheme on the preceding Derfflinger -class ships. This included the ammunition magazines and the machinery spaces. The contracts for the ships had originally been allocated while still members of the Mackensen class. Work on Ersatz Yorck began with her keel laying in July under yard number 63, and the midship section of the hull had been assembled by the time the ships were redesigned. The ships were never completed, primarily because by , the shipbuilding industry had largely been diverted to support the U-boat Campaign , which had become the priority of the Navy. After , work on Ersatz Yorck only took place in order to occupy dockyard workers who could not be employed on U-boat construction. As a result, the hull frames that had been assembled were subsequently scrapped on the slipway. Some material for Ersatz Gneisenau had been constructed, including the ship's diesel generators, which were subsequently installed in the first four Type U U-boats U , U , U , and U

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