USOO8905307B2
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,905,307 B2 Sammut et al. (45) Date of Patent: Dec. 9, 2014
(54) APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR (56) References Cited CALCULATING AMING POINT INFORMATION U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS (71) Applicant: Horus Vision, LLC, San Bruno, CA 1 33 A 6.E. SNel (US) 1,107,163 A 8/1914 Grauheding 1,127,230 A 2, 1915 Grauheding (72) Inventors: Dennis Sammut, Woodside, CA (US); 1,190,121 A 7, 1916 Critchett Todd Hodnett, Arthur City, TX (US) 1406,6201425,321 A 2,8/1922 1922 DearEtherington (73) Assignee: Horus Vision LLC, San Bruno, CA 1428,3891,540,772 A 9,6, 19251922 M11E. (US) 1,708,389 A 4, 1929 Karnes 1,851,189 A 3/1932 King (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 2,094,623. A 10/1937 Stokey patent is extended or adjusted under 35 3:33 A 3. 3. Mosberg U.S.C. 154(b) by 1 day. 2,171,571k - I A 9, 1939 Karnesoyce (21) Appl. No.: 13/723,927 (Continued) (22) Filed: Dec. 21, 2012 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
(65) Prior PublicationO O Data DE 38349243401855 4f19907, 1985 US 2014/O123533 A1 May 8, 2014 (Continued) OTHER PUBLICATIONS Related U.S. Application Data (63) Continuation of application No. 12/780,712, filed on Polacek, Don, “Inside Product News.” p. 78. May 14, 2010, now Pat. No. 8,353.454. (Continued) (60) Provisional application No. 61/178,867, filed on May Primary Examiner — Daniel Hess 15, 2009. (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Kirk J. Hogan: Casimir Jones S.C. (51) Int. Cl. F4IGI/38 (2006.01) (57) ABSTRACT (52) U.S.F4G Cl L/473 (2006.01) The present invention relates to target acquisition and related AV e. we devices, and more particularly to telescopic gunsights and CPC. F41G 1/38 (2013.01); F41G I/473 (2013.01) associated equipment used to achieve shooting accuracy at, USPC ------grrrrr. 235/404; 42/122 for example, close ranges, medium ranges and extreme (58) Field of Classification Search ranges at stationary and moving targets. USPC ...... 235/404; 42/122, 130 See application file for complete search history. 30 Claims, 89 Drawing Sheets
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(56) References Cited 4,695, 161 9, 1987 Reed 4,743,765 5, 1988 Ekstrand U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 4,777,352 10, 1988 Moore 4,787,739 11, 1988 Gregory 2.413,600 12, 1946 Bierman 4,806,007 2, 1989 Bindon 2.420,273 5, 1947 West 4,833,786 5, 1989 Shores, Sr. 2.450,712 10, 1948 Brown D306,173 2, 1990 Reese 2.464,521 3, 1949 McCall 4,912,853 4, 1990 McDonnell et al. 2,486,940 11, 1949 Garber et al. 4,936,190 6, 1990 Pilcher, II 2,615.252 10, 1952 Wing 4,949,089 8, 1990 Ruszkowski, Jr. 2,806,287 9, 1957 Sullivan 4,957,357 9, 1990 Barns et al. 2,807.981 10, 1957 Barnes 4,965,439 10, 1990 Moore 2,823.457 2, 1958 Mihalyi 4,977,677 12, 1990 Troescher, Jr. 2,891.445 6, 1959 Staubach 5,026,158 6, 1991 Golubic 2.949,816 8, 1960 Weaver 5,157,839 10, 1992 Beutler 2.952,180 9, 1960 Estes 5,171,933 12, 1992 Eldering 2.955,512 10, 1960 Kollmorgen et al. 5,181,323 1, 1993 Cooper 3,058,391 10, 1962 Leupold 5, 194908 3, 1993 Lougheed et al. 3,059,338 10, 1962 Coeytaux 5,208.417 5, 1993 Langer et al. 3,161,716 12, 1964 Burris et al. 5,223,560 6, 1993 Cipolli et al. 3,190,003 6, 1965 O'Brien 5,223.650 6, 1993 Finn 3,229,370 1, 1966 Plisk et al. 5,375,072 12, 1994 Cohen 3.431,652 9, 1966 Leatherwood 5,454,168 10, 1995 Langner 3,297,389 1, 1967 Gibson 5,469,414 11, 1995 Okamura 3,313,026 4, 1967 Akin, Jr. 5,491,546 2, 1996 Wascher et al. 3,381,380 5, 1968 Thomas 5,577.733 11, 1996 Downing 3,383,987 5, 1968 MacMillan 5,616,903 4, 1997 Springer 3,386,330 6, 1968 Burris et al. 5,631,654 5, 1997 Karr 3,392.450 T. 1968 Herter et al. 5,657,571 8, 1997 Peterson 3.410,644 11, 1968 Mclendon 5,672,840 9, 1997 Sage et al. 3,464,770 9, 1969 Schmidt Horst 5,686,690 11/1997 Lougheed et al. 3,470,616 10, 1969 Thompson 5,771,623 6, 1998 Pernstich et al. 3,475,821 11, 1969 Huddleston 5,781,505 7, 1998 Rowland 3,492,733 2, 1970 Leatherwood D397,704 9, 1998 Reese 3,506,330 4, 1970 Allen 5,824.942 10, 1998 Mladian et al. 3,540,256 11, 1970 Thompson D403,686 1/1999 Reese 3,575,085 4, 1971 McAdam, Jr. 5,887,352 3, 1999 Kim 3,638,321 2, 1972 Eglin 5,920,995 7, 1999 Sammut 3,682.552 8, 1972 Hartman 5,960,576 10, 1999 Robinson 3,684,376 8, 1972 Lessard 5,966,859 10, 1999 Samuels 3,743,818 7, 1973 Marasco et al. 6,025,908 2, 2000 Houde-Walter 3,744,133 7, 1973 Fukushima et al. 6,032,374 3, 2000 Sammut 3,744, 143 7, 1973 Kilpatrick 6,041,508 3, 2000 David 3,749,494 7, 1973 Hodges 6,058,921 5/2000 Lawrence et al. 3,777.404 12, 1973 Oreck 6,064,196 5/2000 Oberlin et al. 3,782,822 1, 1974 Spence 6,174.288 1, 2001 Samuels 3,798,796 3, 1974 Stauffet al. 6,247,259 6, 2001 Tsadka et al. 3,826,012 7, 1974 Pachmayr 6,252,706 6, 2001 Kaladgew 3,876,304 4, 1975 Novak 6,269,580 8, 2001 Suzuki 3,885,861 5, 1975 Farnsworth et al. 6,269,581 8, 2001 Groh 3,902,251 9, 1975 Ross 6,357,158 3, 2002 Smith, III 3,948,587 4, 1976 Rubbert D456,057 4, 2002 Smith, III 3,960,453 6, 1976 Svensson et al. 6,445,497 9, 2002 Adda 3,991,500 11, 1976 Kershner et al. 6,453,595 9, 2002 Sammut 4,014,482 3, 1977 Esker et al. 6,516,551 2, 2003 Gaber 4,102,053 7, 1978 Colwell 6,516,699 2, 2003 Sammutet al. 4,172,662 10, 1979 Vogel 6,568,092 5/2003 Brien 4,200,355 4, 1980 Williams, Jr. D475,758 6, 2003 Ishikawa 4,218,834 8, 1980 Robertsson 6,574,900 6, 2003 Malley 4,247, 161 1, 1981 Unertl, Jr. 6,591,537 T/2003 Smith 4,248,496 2, 1981 Akin, Jr. et al. 6,681,512 1, 2004 Sammut 4,255,013 3, 1981 Allen 6,729,062 5, 2004 Thomas et al. 4,263,719 4, 1981 Murdoch 6,772,550 8, 2004 Leatherwood 4,285,137 8, 1981 Jennie 6,813,025 11, 2004 Edwards 4.389,791 6, 1983 Ackerman 6,862,832 3, 2005 Barrett 4,395,096 T. 1983 Gibson 6,871,439 3, 2005 Edwards 4,403,421 9, 1983 Shepherd 6,886.287 5/2005 Bell et al. 4.404,890 9, 1983 McAlpine D506.520 6, 2005 Timm et al. 4,408.842 10, 1983 Gibson D517, 153 3, 2006 Timm et al. 4,458.436 T. 1984 Bohl D522,030 5/2006 Jenkinson 4,497.548 2, 1985 Burris D532,477 11, 2006 Zaderey et al. 4,531,052 7, 1985 Moore D536,762 2, 2007 Timm et al. 4,561.204 12, 1985 Binion 7,171,775 2, 2007 Lacorte 4,577,962 3, 1986 de Guillenschmidt et al. 7,171,776 2, 2007 Staley, III 4.584,776 4, 1986 Shepherd 7,185,455 3, 2007 Zaderey 4,616,421 10, 1986 Forsen D542,879 5/2007 Zaderey 4,618,221 10, 1986 Thomas D544,511 6, 2007 Geurts 4,627,171 12, 1986 Dudney 7,237,355 7/2007 Smith, III 4,671,165 6, 1987 Heidmann et al. 7,325,353 2, 2008 Cole et al. US 8,905,307 B2 Page 3
(56) References Cited Leupold(R): Ballistics Reticle Supplement. “US Army FM-23-10, Sniper Training, United States Army Infantry U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS School ATSH-INS3, Fort Benning, GA 31905-5596, Aug. 1994.” Advertisement—"Accurate Hits from 100 to 1,000 Yards'. D567,896 S 4/2008 Pride et al. Advertisement—CheyTac Associates, Advanced Ballistic Computer 7.584,570 B2 9, 2009 Smith (ABC). 7,603,804 B2 10/2009 Zadery et al. Advertisement—Digital Hunter. 7,685,760 B1 3/2010 Neumaster Advertisement—Harris Custom Rifle Barrels–Custom Barrels for D613,363 S 4/2010 Huber 7,705,975 B1 4/2010 Farris Dedicated and Discriminating Shooters, WesHarris Barrelworks. 7,724.416 B2 5, 2010 Miller Advertisement Perry-Systems. 7,748,155 B2 7, 2010 Cole Advertisement—Rifle, p. 201. 7,806,331 B2 10/2010 Windauer et al. 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Advertisement—Angle Cosine Indicator Sniper Tools Design 2005/0257414 A1 1 1/2005 Zaderey et al. Company, http://www.snipertools.com/article.htm Oct. 14, 2004. 2006/0236586 A1 10/2006 Zaderey Advertisement—CheyTac Technology Over Tradition Technical 2006/0260171 A1 11/2006 Cole et al. White Papers 2001-2003. 2008/009864.0 A1 5, 2008 Sammutet al. Advertisement—Custom Sammut (Patent Pending) Long Range; 2009,0199.451 A1 8/2009 Zaderey et al. Custom Ammunition? Berger Bullets, Ballistic Program, Data & 2011/0107649 A1 5, 2011 Buck Loading Instructions, Harris Gunworks, Inc.—Precision Shooting, 2013,0033746 A1 2/2013 Brumfield 1997 Newsletter H2. 2013,0160346 A1 6, 2013 White et al. Advertisement—Eye of the Falcon Horus Vision, a trag User's Manual for Palm-OS (2004). FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS Advertisement Eye of the Falcon Horus Vision, PDA Users Manual DE 20008101 8, 2000 (2002). EP O 147329 7, 1985 Advertisement—Guns & Weapons for Law Enforcement, Jul. 2003, EP 14433.54 8, 2004 p. 10. GB 5 17390 1, 1940 Advertisement—Guns & Weapons for Law Enforcement, Jul. 2003, GB 2094950 9, 1982 p. 36. GB 2294.133 4f1996 Advertisement—Horus Vision Rifle Scope 4x-16x Rifle Scope, JP 55-036823 3, 1980 Hand-Held ATRAG1P Module, TRAGIS5 Digital Aiming System. WO 96,01404 1, 1996 Rifle Shooter, FN SPR-4 (Nov./Dec. 2003). WO 97.371.93 10, 1997 Advertisement—Horus Vision Introduces the All-New Rifle Scope WO 98.40688 9, 1998 Featuring the Horus Vision Reticle Aiming System Technology WO O2/103274 12/2002 (2001). OTHER PUBLICATIONS Advertisement—Law and Order, Oct. 2003, p. 124. Advertisement—Precision Shooting, Apr. 1999, p. 74. SWFA Brochure- pp. 11, 15, 16, 42. Advertisement—Precision Shooting, Dec. 1999. Y-Tac Reticle Diagram. Advertisement—Precision Shooting, Feb. 2000. van Zwoll, Wayne, “It’s a Wide-Open Field.” Guns & Ammo, pp. Advertisement—Precision Shooting, Jun. 2000, p. 77. 62-67 (May 2003). Advertisement—Precision Shooting, Sep. 2000. Advertisement—Precision Shooting. Advertisement—Precision Shooting, Apr. 2001. Northwinds Flags, RFC-USBR Windrose, https://sites.google.com/ Advertisement—Precision Shooting, Dec. 2001. a wildblue.net/northwind-flags/home/Wind-Rose-2. jpg, printed Advertisement—Precision Shooting, May 2002. Dec. 30, 2011. Advertisement—Precision Shooting, Aug. 2003. Performance Specification: Rifle, 7.62MM; Semi-Automatic Sniper Advertisement—Precision Shooting, Aug. 2003, p. 97. System(SASS)-M1 10, MIL-PRF-32316 (W/Amendment 1), Oct. 5, Advertisement—Precision Shooting, Feb. 2004. 2009. Advertisement—Sammut Reticle? Schmidt & Bender Custom Von Wahlde, Raymond & Metz, Dennis, Sniper Weapon Fire Control Optics, Tactical Shooter, vol. 2, No. 5 (Jun. 1999). Error Budget Analysis, US Army ARL-TR-2065, Aug. 1999-arl. Advertisement—Special Weapons p. 98 (2003). army.mil. Advertisement—S.W.A.T. Magazine 2003 Archives, May Issue. Jonathan M. Weaver, Jr., LTC, USA Ret. Infantry, System Error Advertisement—Unleash the Power of Your Scope—Horus Vision Budgets, Target Distributions and Hitting Performance Estimates for Introduces the Horus Vision Digital Aiming System Technology General-Purpose Rifles and Sniper Rifles of 7.62x51mm and Larger (2003). Calibers, AD-A228398, TR-461, AMSAA, May 1990. Advertisement. The Varmint Hunter Magazine, Oct. 2002, Issue 44. Kent, R.H. and E.J. McShane, An Elementary Treatment of the p. 152. Motion of a Spinning Projectile About it's Center of Gravity, BW Optic YTac Reticle—Precision European Optics, dated Aug. Aberdeen Proving Grounds (“APG'), MD, BRL Memorandum 3, 2004. Report No. 85, Apr. 1944. Cutshaw, Charlie, “DPMS Panther LR.308: Long Range Accurate Leupold(R) America's Optics Authority(R): Ballistics Aiming Sys and Reliable at a Price that Can't Be Beat.” Special Weapons, pp. temR). 50-55 (2004). “Leupold(R) Tactical Optics: Using the Tactical Reticle System-Mil Cutshaw, Charlies, “The Ed Brown Custom M702 Tactical Rifle. Dot/TMR(R)/SPRTM/CMR2TM Usage Instructions”. The Accurate Rifle, vol. 6, No. 9, pp. 38-42 (Oct. 2003). US 8,905,307 B2 Page 4
(56) References Cited Aerodynamic Jump Caused by the Wind, http://bisonballistics.com/ system/uploaded files/9/original/aerodynamic jump target.png, OTHER PUBLICATIONS Bison Ballistics, printed Dec. 30, 2011. Chung, Gregory K. W. K., Nagashima, Sam 0., Delacruz, Girlie C. Deutsch Optik Catalog, Summer 1997, one page discussing relative Lee, John J. Wainess, Richard and Baker, Eva L., Review of Rifle merits of optical V. laser rangefinders. Marksmanship Training Research, Cresst Report 783, The National Fortier, David, "Horus. The Avenger System.” S.W.A.T., pp. 24-29 (May 2003). Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards, and Student Testing, Gottfredson, Jacob, "Optics—Sammut Custom Reticle: A Sighting Jan. 2011. System for the Long-Range Specialist.” Tactic Shooter, vol. 3, No. 9. Johnson, Richard F. Statistical Measures of Marksmanship, pp. 34-39 (Oct. 2000). USARIEM Technical Note TN-01/2, U.S. Army Research Institute Gottfredson, Jacob, "The .338 Edge by Defensive Edge.” The Accu of Environmental Medicine, Feb. 2001. rate Rifle, vol. 6, No. 9, pp. 38-42 (Oct. 2003). At Least OneIDS Cites Military Handbook: Range Facilities and Miscellaneous Training As: Gottfredson, Jacob, "The .338 Edge by Defensive Edge.” The Facilities. Other than Buildings, http://www.every spec.com, MIL Accurate Rifle, vol. 5, No. 14-21 (Oct. 2003). HDBK-1027/3A, Jan. 31, 1989. Gun World, pp. 15-16 (Jan. 2003). Military Specification: Propellants for Small Arms Ammunition, "Horus Vision Scopes.” Rifle Sporting Firearms Journal, pp. 20-24, http://www.everyspec.com, MIL-P-3984J Amendment 3, Jun. 12, No. 206, Mar. 2003. 2000. Leupold Ballistic Reticle System: Varmint Hunter's Reticle, Effec Military Specification: Rifle, 7.62MM, Sniper w/Day Optical Sight tive Jan. 1, 2004. and Carrying Cases, M24, http://www.every spec.com, MIL-R- New fire-control computers entering Army Service Janes Interna 71126 (AR), Sep. 24, 1992. tional Defense Review—first posted to http://idr.janes.com-Aug. 21. Northwinds Flags, RFC-USBR Windrose, https://sites.google.com/ 2003. a wildblue.net/northwind-flags/home/Wind-Rose-2.jpg, printed Pesa, Art, “The Quiet Revolution in Precision Rifle Ballistics.” The Dec. 30, 2011. Varmint Hunter Magazine, Issue 50, pp. 78.96, 105 (Apr. 2004). Performance Specification: Rifle, 7.62MM; Semi-Automatic Sniper Polacek, Don, “Inside Product News-Leupold Illuminated Reticle System (SASS) M1 10, MIL-PRF-32316 (W/ Amendment 1), Oct. Scopes.” Rifle Sporting Firearms, Issue 186 (Nov. 1999). 5, 2009. Precision Shooting, pp. 71-72 (Jun. 2003). Rifle Marksmanship M16A1, M16A2/3, M16A4, and M4 Carbine, C Press Release: Horus Vision Reticle Aiming System Eliminates 4, FM 3-22.9, Department of the Army, Sep. 13, 2006. Guesswork. The Varmint HunterMagazine, Issue 44 (Oct. 2002). Von Wahlde, Raymond & Metz, Dennis, Sniper Weapon Fire Control Rifle Shooter FN SPR-4, pp. 52-53, Nov./Dec. 2003. Error Budget Analysis, US Army ARL-TR-2065, Aug. 1999-arl. Sammut, Dennis J., “The Long Shot: A First Person Account.” Accu army.mil. rate Rifle, vol. 3, No. 10, pp. 53-58 (Nov. 2000) Drafted May 1, "http://www.aircav.com/cobra ballistic.html”, printed Dec. 30. 2OOO. 2011, discussion of ballistics, interior, exterior, aerial, terminal and TDSTri-Factor: A Clear Shot: A Clear Kill, by T.D. Smith, Copyright dispersion. 1992. "http://www.hnsa.org/doc/firecontrol/partc.htm', printed Dec. 30. The Accurate Rifle, pp. 40-41 (Oct. 2003). 2011, discussion of the projectile in flight-exterior ballistics. van Zwoll, Wayne, “Its a Wide-Open Field.” Guns & Ammo, pp. Jonathan M. Weaver, Jr., LTC, USA Ret. Infantry, System Error 62-67 (May 2003). Budgets, Target Distributions and Hitting Performance Estimates for van Zwoll, Wayne, "Varmint Scopes: High-Power Optics Let You General-Purpose Rifles and Sniper Rifles of 7.62x51mm and Larger Look Rodents in the Eye.” Rifle Shooter, pp. 22-25 (Jul/Aug. 2003). Calibers, AD-A228398, TR-461, AMSAA, May, 1990. H613 (Statutory Invention Registration), Apr. 4, 1989, Stello et al. Kent, R.H. and E.J. McShane, An Elementary Treatment of the Davis, American Rifleman, Mar. 1989. Motion of a Spinning Projectile About its Center of Gravity, Schatz. The Long Range Rifle System That Never Was, Tactical Aberdeen Proving Grounds (“APG'), MD, BRL Memorandum Shooter, Feb. 2000, pp. 28-33. Report No. 85, Apr. 1944. Defendants' Amended Answer to Complaint and Amended Counter “US Army FM-23-10, Sniper Training, United States Army Infantry claims submitted in United States District Court, Northern District of School ATSH-INS3, Fort Benning, GA 31905-5596, Aug. 1994.”. California, San Francisco Division Case No. 3:13-cv-05460-BLF USMC MCWP 3-15.3 (formerly FMFM 1-3B), Sniping, PCN 143 HRL on May 19, 2014. 000118 00, Doctrine Division (C42) US Marine Corps Combat Tradoc Bulletin 3 on the Soviet RPG-7 Antitank Grenade Launcher Development Command, 2 Broadway Street Suite 210 Quantico, VA (Nov. 1976). 22134-5021, May 2004. U.S. Patent Dec. 9, 2014 Sheet 1 of 89 US 8,905,307 B2
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FIGURE 55 US 8,905,307 B2 1. 2 APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR In addition, conventional telescopic target acquisition CALCULATING AMING POINT devices are not generally useful at long ranges in excess of INFORMATION 400-800 yards. At close ranges less than 100 yards conven tional target acquisition devices generally fall short when CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED extreme accuracy is desired. The cross-hairs of Such target APPLICATIONS acquisition devices are typically located in the center of the field, with the vertical hair providing a central indicator for This Application is a continuation of U.S. patent applica making a windage adjustment, and the horizontal hair pro tion Ser. No. 12/780,712 filed 14 May 2010, now U.S. Pat. viding a central indicator for making a bullet drop adjustment. No. 8,353.454 which claims priority to U.S. Provisional 10 Modifications to this basic system have not, thus far, enabled Patent Application Ser. No. 61/178,867 filed 15 May 2009, a skilled shooter firing at long ranges to acquire and hit a hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. target quickly and reliably, regardless of the weapon used (assuming always that the firearm is capable of reaching a FIELD OF THE INVENTION target at the desired long range). 15 For example, U.S. Pat. No. 1,190,121 to Critchett, dis The present invention relates to target acquisition and closes a reticle for use in a rifle Scope containing a rangefinder related devices, and more particularly to telescopic gunsights having markings for finding a range with reference to the and associated equipment used to achieve shooting accuracy height of a man. Apparently because of the innate variation in at, for example, close ranges, medium ranges and extreme the height of any given individual from that used to produce ranges at stationary and moving targets. the reticle, and the resulting inaccuracy which that would produce at long ranges, Critchett's scope was only useful to BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 600 yards. U.S. Pat. No. 3,948,587 to Rubbert discloses a reticle and All shooters, whether they are police officers, soldiers, telescope gunsight system having primary cross-hairs which Olympic shooters, sportswomen and sportsmen, hunters, 25 intersect conventionally at the center of the field, and second plinkers or weekend enthusiasts have one common goal: hit ary horizontal cross-hairs spaced apart by different amounts ting their target accurately and consistently. Accuracy and to form a rangefinder and distinct aiming apertures and consistency in shooting depend largely on the skill of the points, based upon a predetermined, estimated size of a target. shooter and the construction of the firearm and projectile. Rubbert's preferred embodiment is constructed for use in The accuracy of a firearm can be enhanced by the use of 30 shooting deer having an 18" chest depth. However, like precisely-made components, including precisely-made Critchett, the usefulness of Rubbert for shooting other targets ammunition, firearm components and target acquisition of varying size at long range is doubtful. devices. It is well known in shooting that using ammunition in U.S. Pat. No. 3,492,733 to Leatherwood discloses a vari which the propellant weight and type, bullet weight and able power Scope having aiming cross-hairs and two upper dimensions, and cartridge dimensions are held within very 35 cross-hairs for bracketing a target of known dimensions at a strict limits, can improve accuracy in shooting. known distance. The scope is mounted to a gunbarrel, and the At very long ranges, in excess of 500 yards, however, the position of the scope in relation to the gun barrel is adjustable skill of the shooter and the consistency of the ammunition is up and down to compensate for bullet drop by covering the often not enough to insure that the shooter will hit the target. target with the bracketing cross-hairs, and rotating an adjust As range increases, other factors can affect the flight of the 40 ment ring to expand or contract the bracketing cross-hairs to bullet and the point of impact down range. One of these bracket the target. Leatherwood's scope, like the others dis factors is “bullet drop”. “Bullet drop' is caused by the influ cussed above, has limited utility at long ranges because it is ence of gravity on the moving bullet, and is characterized by designed with a specific size target in mind, and would there a bullet path which curves toward earth over long ranges. fore be inaccurate when used with targets of widely varying Therefore to hit a target at long range, it is necessary to elevate 45 size, and also because at long range the scope may not be able the barrel of the weapon, and the aiming point, to adjust for to move sufficiently in relation to the barrel (i.e., may be bullet drop. obstructed by the gun barrel). Other factors, such as wind, Magnus effect (i.e., a lateral U.S. Pat. No. 4,403,421 to Shepherd discloses a scope thrust exerted by wind on a rotating bullet whose axis is having a primary and secondary reticles, the secondary reticle perpendicular to the wind direction), projectile design, pro 50 being a polygonal reticle with different indicia on the differ jectile spin, Coriolis effect, and the idiosyncrasies of the ent faces which can be rotated into position to compensate for weapon or projectile can change the projectile's path over bullet drop and determining target range for different sized long range. Such effects are generally referred to as “wind targets. However, having to rotate a secondary reticle to locate age' effects. Therefore, for example, to hit a target at long an appropriate target shape in order to determine the range is range, it may be necessary to correct for windage by moving 55 time consuming and undesirable, since it takes the shooters the barrel of the weapon slightly to the left or the right to attention away from the target. compensate for windage effects. When shooting East and It should be noted that the range finding inaccuracies inher West the elevation will be effected. Shooting due East, the ent in these prior art references may be resolved using a laser bullet impact will be high. Shooting due West, the bullet rangefinder or highly accurate optical rangefinder. However, impact will be low. The elevation at extended range might 60 since a laser rangefinder emits light, there is always the pos change slightly up or down depending on the spin of the sibility that the beam from a laser rangefinder could be projectile in a right hand or left hand twist barrel. Thus, for detected by an individual with special equipment, revealing example, in order to hit a target at long range, the shooter must the position of the shooter, causing a live target to move, or see the target, accurately estimate the range to the target, other undesirable consequences for the rifleman using the estimate the effect of bullet drop and windage effects on the 65 laser before the shot can be taken. Furthermore, a laser projectile, and use this information to properly position the rangefinder includes complex electronics that must be barrel of the firearm prior to squeezing the trigger. handled with care. Laser rangefinders require a reflective US 8,905,307 B2 3 4 target to achieve consistently accurate range. Finally, a laser In one embodiment, unique markings (for example, num rangefinder must be powered with electricity from a source bers) identify at least Some of the secondary cross-hairs. In a that must be carried by the shooter. The additional weight is a further embodiment, the primary horizontal cross-hair inter burden, and the possibility exists that power source could fail sects that primary vertical cross-hair at the optical center of or become exhausted through use, causing the rangefinder to the reticle. In another embodiment, the primary horizontal cease working. cross-hair intersects that primary vertical cross-hair below the Accordingly, the need exists for a target acquisition device optical center of the reticle. In a preferred embodiment, the having a reticle which includes, for example, an optical primary horizontal cross-hair intersects that primary vertical rangefinder which permits a skilled shooter to rapidly and cross-hair above the optical center of the reticle. In a yet 10 further embodiment, the plurality of secondary horizontal accurately identify the range to any target of known or esti cross-hairs are evenly spaced at a predetermined distance mable size, no matter how large or Small, to make fast and along the primary vertical cross-hair. In another embodiment, accurate adjustment for projectile drop and windage, using at least some of the secondary horizontal cross-hairs are the shooters knowledge and experience and without the need unevenly spaced at a predetermined distance along the pri to move rings or make adjustments (i.e. through the elevation 15 mary vertical cross-hair. In a still further embodiment, the and windage knobs) to the target acquisition device, thus plurality of secondary vertical cross-hairs are evenly spaced enabling the shooter to accurately hit targets at any range, at a predetermined distance along at least Some of the sec depending upon the gun handling skills and eyesight of the ondary horizontal cross-hairs. In another embodiment, at shooter, and the maximum range of the selected firearm, and least Some of the secondary vertical cross-hairs are unevenly the selected ammunition. The shooter never has to take her or spaced at a predetermined distance along the primary hori his eye off the target acquisition device from the time the Zontal cross-hair. In yet another embodiment, the reticle addi shooter spots the target and determines range, using the tionally includes range-finding markings on the reticle. The proper grid line to accurately engage and hit the target. range finding markings may be in one of the sectors formed Reticles of the present invention allow the rifle to be zeroed, by the primary vertical and horizontal cross-hairs, or may be for example, at 100 yards, or 100 meters, or more, and yet be 25 on the primary vertical or horizontal cross-hairs. In some able to engage targets very accurately as close as 20 yards. embodiments, the primary or secondary crosshairs them selves are used as range-finder markings. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In still further embodiments, the reticle is optionally illu minated for day use, for twilight use, for night use, for use in The present invention provides reticles that provide means 30 low or absent ambient light, or for use with or without night for selecting secondary aiming points that accurately target vision. In yet a further embodiment, illuminated dots at, for an intended target at any desired range, including extreme example, even or odd Mil Radian spacing are separately distances. In particular, the reticles of the present invention illuminated in the shooter's field of vision. provide markings or other indications that allow a user, for In a preferred embodiment, the reticle of the present inven example, to associate a first aiming point of the reticle with an 35 tion is constructed from an optically transparent wafer or intended target (e.g., the aiming point created by the cross electronically generated disc having an optical center that section of primary vertical and horizontal cross-hairs), and to coincides with a center of a field of vision when the wafer is identify a second aiming point (e.g., identified by a generated mounted in a scope. In one embodiment, a primary vertical aiming dot, an electronic aiming dot, or an aiming point cross-hair having a predetermined thickness bisects the disc, created by secondary vertical and/or horizontal cross-hairs) 40 intersecting the optical center of the disc, or intersecting at a that represents a point to insure an accurate shot to hit the point offset from the optical center of the disc. In another target. embodiment, a primary horizontal cross-hair having a prede In one embodiment, the present invention provides a reticle termined thickness intersects the primary vertical cross-hair, for use in any target acquisition device, fixed power Scope or most preferably above the optical center of the disc, to form a variable power telescopic gunsight, image amplification 45 an upper right sector (for example, quadrant), an upper left device, or other aiming device. In some embodiments, the sector, a lower right sector, and a lower left sector. A plurality reticle comprises a Substantially transparent disc, although of secondary horizontal cross-hairs having predetermined the present invention is not limited to the use of disc shaped thickness are spaced along the primary vertical cross-hair. In reticles, or to Substantially transparent reticles, or to elec a particularly preferred embodiment, at least some of these tronically generated reticles. In some embodiments, the 50 secondary horizontal cross-hairs are identified with a unique reticle has an optical center and an edge for mounting said identifier, to aid the shooter in calibrating the horizontal reticle in a housing (for example, between an objective lens cross-hairs by range, and in locating the appropriate horizon and the ocular lens of a scope), one or more aiming points tal cross-hair to use in selecting an aiming point. A plurality of positioned on said reticle, wherein the aiming points are secondary vertical cross-hairs having predetermined thick formed by a primary vertical cross-hair intersecting the opti 55 ness are spaced along at least some of said secondary hori cal center of the reticle, a primary horizontal cross-hair inter Zontal cross-hairs to aid in making accurate windage adjust secting said primary vertical cross-hair to form an upper right ments. In a further embodiment a separate range-finding sector (e.g., quadrant), an upper left sector, a lower right means is positioned on the reticle to aid the shooter in deter sector, and a lower left sector, a plurality of secondary hori mining the range to target. In a still further embodiment Zontal cross-hairs at a predetermined distance along said pri 60 employing military reticles, the shooter uses the distance mary vertical cross-hair, and a plurality of secondary vertical subtended by the vertical or horizontal lines to calculate the cross-hairs at a predetermined distance along at least some of range to the target. said secondary horizontal cross-hairs. The crosshairs may be The reticles of the present invention may be made of any of any length, width and may comprise contiguous lines or suitable material. The reticles may have any suitable mark may have gaps. In some embodiments, the secondary hori 65 ings that permit use as described above and elsewhere herein. Zontal and Vertical crosshairs comprise intersecting continu The markings may be generated by any means, including, but ous lines so as to form a grid. not limited to, engravings, etchings, projections, digital or US 8,905,307 B2 5 6 analog imaging, raised Surfaces (for example, made of any a separate rangefinder means in one of the sectors formed by desired material), etc. The reticles may be used in any type of the intersection of the primary vertical and horizontal cross device where there is use for secondary or multiple aiming hairs. points. The reticles may be used in conjunction with one or In one embodiment, the reticle markings are assigned more additional components that facilitate or expand use (for range and distance values, for example, automatically by example, ballistic calculators, devices that measure exterior using a computing device containing a ballistics calculator factors, meteorological instruments, azimuth indicators, program which receives information regarding external field compasses, chronographs, distance ranging devices, etc.). conditions (for example, date, time, temperature, relative In one embodiment, the present invention provides an humidity, target image resolution, barometric pressure, wind improved target acquisition device using the reticle of the 10 speed, wind direction, hemisphere, latitude, longitude, alti tude), firearm information (for example, rate and direction of present invention. In some embodiments, the target acquisi barrel twist, internal barrel diameter, internal barrel caliber, tion device has one or more of a housing, a means for mount and barrel length), projectile information (for example, pro ing the housing in a fixed, predetermined position relative to jectile weight, projectile diameter, projectile caliber, projec a gun barrel, an objective lens mounted in one end of the 15 tile cross-sectional density, one or more projectile ballistic housing, and an ocular lens mounted in the opposite end of the coefficients (as used herein, “ballistic coefficient' is as exem housing. In some embodiments, the target acquisition device plified by William Davis, American Rifleman, March, 1989, is a fixed power telescopic gunsight, or a variable power incorporated herein by reference), projectile configuration, telescopic gunsight. When optics are mounted in the housing propellant type, propellant amount, propellant potential to permit the power to be varied along a predetermined range, force, primer, and muzzle velocity of the cartridge), target the reticle is most preferably mounted between the objective acquisition device and reticle information (for example, type lens and the variable power optics, although all configura of reticle, power of magnification, first, second or fixed plane tions are contemplated by the present invention. The reticle of function, distance between the target acquisition device may be configured in a target acquisition device in any desired and the barrel, the positional relation between the target focal plane (e.g., first focal plane, second focal plane, or a 25 acquisition device and the barrel, the range at which the combination of both), or incorporated into a fixed power telescopic gunsight was Zeroed using a specific firearm and telescopic gunsight. In a further embodiment, the reticles of cartridge), information regarding the shooter (for example, the present invention are incorporated for use in, for example, the shooter's visual acuity, visual idiosyncrasies, heart rate electronic target acquisition and aiming devices. and rhythm, respiratory rate, blood oxygen Saturation, muscle While the reticles of the present invention find particular 30 activity, brain wave activity, and number and positional coor use in long-range target acquisition devices they can be used dinates of spotters assisting the shooter), and the relation with equal effectiveness at close and medium ranges. In one between the shooter and target (for example, the distance embodiment, the reticle of the present invention is adapted for between the shooter and target, the speed and direction of use in a mid-range telescopic gunsight, or close range tele movement of the target relative to the shooter, or shooter scopic gunsight, or other device. A mid-range reticle, similar 35 relative to the target (e.g., where the shooter is in a moving to the long-range reticle described above, is constructed in vehicle), and direction from true North), and the angle of the accordance with this invention. Since the mid-range reticle rifle barrel with respect to a line drawn perpendicularly to the requires less lower field area, in some embodiments, the force of gravity). primary horizontal cross-hair can be conventionally posi In one embodiment, the output of a ballistics program is tioned at the optical center of the reticle. The mid-range 40 selected to produce a targeting range data card for providing reticle can then be calibrated and used in the same manner as aiming point information for a specific target at a known a long-range reticle. range, or multiple targets at known or estimable ranges. In a In an additional embodiment, the reticle is provided with a further embodiment, the target acquisition device and reticle circumscribing ring visible through the target acquisition is a conventional telescopic gunsight and reticle in which the device, to aid in centering the eye relative to the target acqui 45 Scope is adjusted to hit a target at range by rotating horizontal sition device. This ring helps reduce shooting inaccuracy and vertical adjustment knobs a calculated number of caused by the misalignment of the shooter's line of sight "clicks'. In a further embodiment, the telescopic gunsights through the target acquisition device. The ring assures a and reticles include all varying designs of telescopic gun repeatable check weld to the firearm that is beneficial to sights and reticles apparent to one skilled in the art, for repeatable shooting. By providing a visual means to align the 50 example, telescopic gunsights manufactured and marketed by reticle within the target acquisition device, the shooter is able Leupold, Schmidt-Bender, Swarovski, Burris, Bushnell, to produce more accurate and more repeatable results. Zeiss, Nikon, Kahles Optik, Nightforce, and reticles, for In one embodiment, the reticle is provided with an aiming example the T. D. Smith reticle, Burris reticle, and Cabela's dot. The aiming dot may be located at the optical center of the reticle. In a preferred embodiment, the telescopic gunsight reticle for rapid acquisition of a target at extreme, medium 55 contains a reticle of the present invention in which the specific and close range, and for aiding the shooter in centering her or aiming point for the target is identified by reference to the his eye relative to the field of view. In a further embodiment, calibrated secondary horizontal and Vertical cross-hairs. In the aiming dot is projected on the reticle, for example, elec Some preferred embodiments, the calculator comprises tronically from the ballistic calculator of the present inven means for unit conversion for any desired measurement. tion, or for example, optically from a mirror, a split image, 60 In some embodiments, one or more components of the holographic image, or by other means such as an electronic invention (for example, the ballistics calculator, target acqui grid plate. In a still further embodiment the projected aiming sition device, device for measuring external information) is dot is a virtual aiming dot indicating correct barrel position to contained in, or coated in, a material that shields the device the shooter in the absence of a line of sight to the target. from exterior interfering or damaging signals or forces (e.g., In yet another embodiment, a portion of the primary verti 65 electromagnetic shielding, radiation shielding, shielding cal cross-hair or the primary horizontal cross-hair, or both, is from concussive forces, etc.). In another embodiment of the provided with rangefinder markings to eliminate the need for present invention, the ballistics calculator system includes a US 8,905,307 B2 7 8 remotely controlled safety Switch with ergonomic indicator target acquisition device is a variable power telescopic gun to the shooter of Switch status. sight. When optics are mounted in the housing to permit the In one embodiment, the reticle of the present invention power to be varied along a predetermined range, the reticle is comprises a plurality of primary cross-hairs separated by most preferably mounted between the objective lens and the predetermined distances, a plurality of secondary cross-hairs 5 variable power optics, although all configurations are con at predetermined distances along said plurality of primary templated by the present invention. The reticle may be con cross-hairs, and a plurality of lead markings indicating rate of figured in a target acquisition device in any desired focal plane (for example, the first focal plane, the second focal movement of the target along at least one said cross-hair. In plane, or a combination of both), or incorporated into a fixed one embodiment, the plurality of primary-cross-hairs com power telescopic gunsight. In a further embodiment, the prises vertical cross-hairs. In another embodiment, the plu 10 reticles of the present invention are incorporated for use in, rality of primary cross-hairs comprises horizontal cross for example, electronic target acquisition and aiming devices. hairs. In yet another embodiment, the plurality of primary In one embodiment, the present invention comprises a cross-hairs comprises both vertical and horizontal cross method for shooting a target comprising a target acquisition hairs. In a further embodiment, the plurality of secondary device, comprising a housing, a means for mounting said cross-hairs comprises vertical cross-hairs. In still further 15 housing in a fixed, predetermined position relative to a fire embodiment, the plurality of secondary cross-hairs com arm, an objective lens mounted in one end of said housing, an prises horizontal cross-hairs. In a preferred embodiment, the ocular lens mounted in the opposite end of said housing; a plurality of secondary cross-hairs comprises both vertical and reticle comprising a plurality of primary cross-hairs separated horizontal cross-hairs. In a particularly preferred embodi by predetermined distances, a plurality of secondary cross ment, the plurality of secondary cross-hairs comprises at least hairs at predetermined distances along said plurality of pri three secondary cross-hairs. mary cross-hairs, and a plurality of lead markings indicating In one embodiment, lead markings are placed along at least rate of movement of the target along at least one said cross one of the primary cross-hairs. In another embodiment, the hair, selecting an aiming point on said target acquisition lead markings are along at least one of the secondary cross device that accounts for the relation of the shooter to the hairs. In yet another embodiment, the lead markings are along 25 target; and using said aiming point to aim said firearm so as to at least one primary cross-hair, and at least one secondary hit said target. cross-hair. In a preferred embodiment, the plurality of lead In one embodiment, the present invention comprises a markings comprises at least three lead markings. In a particu method for shooting a target comprising a target acquisition larly preferred embodiment, the lead markings are secondary device comprising a housing, a means for mounting the hous cross-hairs. 30 ing in a fixed, predetermined position relative to a firearm, an In one embodiment, at least one cross-hair is a line. In objective lens mounted in one end of said housing, and an another embodiment, the line is an uninterrupted line. In an ocular lens mounted in the opposite end of said housing; a additional embodiment, the line is a straight line. In yet reticle comprising a plurality of primary cross-hairs separated another embodiment, the straight line is an uninterrupted by predetermined distances, a plurality of secondary cross straight line. In a further embodiment, the line is a predeter 35 hairs at predetermined distances along said plurality of pri mined thickness. In a still further embodiment, the predeter mary cross-hairs, and a plurality of lead markings indicating mined thickness is a single thickness along the cross-hair. In rate of movement of the target along at least one said cross Some embodiments, the primary cross-hairs are evenly hair, a ballistics calculator system for computing targeting spaced. In other embodiments, the secondary cross-hairs are information to hit a target comprising a processor comprising evenly spaced. In further embodiments, the lead markings are 40 a ballistics computer program embodied in a computer-read evenly spaced. able medium for analyzing information needed to accurately In one embodiment, the reticle of the present invention aim a firearm at a target using a target acquisition device with further comprises a Substantially transparent disc having an a reticle, with the program using information regarding one or optical center and an edge for mounting said disc, and a ring more of external conditions, the firearm being used, the pro positioned optically between said optical center and said 45 jectile being used, the target acquisition device and reticle edge, said ring spaced from said edge and circumscribing said being used, the shooter, the relation of the shooter wherein optical center and one or more aiming points, whereby said said target can be greater than 1000 yards from the shooter, ring can be visually centered in a field of view for aligning a and the ballistics drag model and retardation coefficient being line of sight through the target acquisition device. used, and selecting an aiming point on the target acquisition In one embodiment, the reticle comprises rangefinder 50 device that accounts for the relation of the shooter to the markings. In another embodiment, the reticle comprises target, and using the targeting information displayed by the markings for identification of one or more of the cross-hairs. ballistics calculator system to aim the firearm so as to hit the In an additional embodiment, the reticle comprises markings target. In a preferred embodiment, the target is hit by holding for identification of one or more of the lead markings. In still the aiming point on the target. In a further embodiment the another embodiment, the reticle comprises an aiming dot. 55 ballistics calculator System projects a reticle specific for In one embodiment, the reticle is configured for use in day information regarding one or more of the firearm being used, light illumination. In some embodiments the reticle is con the projectile being used, and the target acquisition device figured for use in low light illumination. being used. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a target Other embodiments will be evident from a consideration of acquisition device using the reticle of the present invention. In 60 the drawings taken together with the detailed description of Some embodiments, the target acquisition device has one or the invention. more of a housing, a means for mounting the housing in a fixed, predetermined position relative to a gun barrel, an BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS objective lens mounted in one end of the housing, and an ocular lens mounted in the opposite end of the housing. In 65 A better understanding of the invention and its advantages other embodiments, the target acquisition device is a fixed will be apparent from the detailed description taken in con power telescopic gunsight. In still other embodiments, the junction with the accompanying drawings in which: US 8,905,307 B2 10 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the optical components of a reticle of the present invention for stationary targets on a flat telescopic gunsight of the present invention; range and for calculating cross-wind horizontal offset infor FIG. 2 is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, mation for each secondary horizontal cross-hair; showing the markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic FIG. 17b is a targeting grid generated by a personal com gunsight at high power, the spacing of the markings based puter running the TRAG1 S5 Ballistics Program for calibrat upon a “shooter's minute of angle' or inch of angle' (IOATM) ing the range of the secondary horizontal cross-hairs for a scale; reticle of the present invention for stationary targets on a FIG. 3 is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, sloped range and for calculating cross-wind horizontal offset showing the markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic information for each secondary horizontal cross-hair; gunsight at low power; 10 FIG. 17c is a targeting grid generated by a personal com FIG. 4 is a partial side view of an example of a firearm puter running the TRAG1 S5 Ballistics Program for calibrat showing a telescopic gunsight mounted on the barrel; ing the range of the secondary horizontal cross-hairs for a FIG.5 is an example of 500 yard Zero ballistic table created reticle of the present invention on a flat range and for calcu for a .50 Cal. Bolt Action Model M-93 Rifle having a 30 inch lating lead information for a moving target and cross-wind barrel built firing a .50 Cal Browning Machine Gun cartridge; 15 offset information for each secondary horizontal cross-hair, FIG. 6 is an example of a worksheet that can be used to FIGS. 18a-18e illustrate PDA (personal digital assistant) calibrate the markings on a reticle in some embodiments of data input Screens for using a PDA targeting program of the the present invention. present invention; FIG. 7 is a completed worksheet based upon the table FIGS. 18f 18g illustrate PDA data output screens produced shown in FIG. 5: by the TRAG1 S5 PDA targeting program: FIG. 8a is a first portion of an illustrative table providing FIG. 18h illustrates input and output screens of the ballis data for determining an appropriate windage adjustment for tics calculator system of the present invention in other the example; embodiments. FIG. 8b is a second portion of an illustrative table providing FIGS. 19a-c illustrate changes in the aiming point pro data for determining an appropriate windage adjustment for 25 duced by different conditions of target speed and direction the example; relative to wind speed and direction; FIG. 9 is an example of a reticle of the present invention FIG. 20 illustrates the uphill/downhill angle produced based upon a “centimeter of angle' (COATM) scale: when a rifle barrel is used to shoot at targets located above or FIG. 10 is a front view of an example of a mid-range reticle below the shooter; of the present invention, the spacing of the markings based 30 FIG. 21 is a flow chart illustrating the data inputs to the upon an “inch of angle' (IOATM) scale: Ballistics Computer Program; FIG. 11 is a front view of a reticle of the present invention FIG.22 is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, including a circumscribing ring, the spacing of the markings showing the markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic based upon an “inch of angle” (IOATM) scale; gunsight at high power Suitable for use, for example, in var FIG. 12 is a front view of a reticle of the present invention 35 mint and target shooting: including a circumscribing ring and an aiming dot located at FIG. 23 is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, the optical center, the spacing and the markings based upon an showing the markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic “inch of angle” (IOATM) scale: gunsight at high power Suitable for use, for example, in var FIG. 13 is a front view of a reticle of the present invention mint and target shooting: in which the upper portion of the primary vertical cross-hair 40 FIG. 24 is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, and the primary horizontal cross-hair have been provided showing the markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic with rangefinder markings of a United States Marine Corps gunsight at high power Suitable for use, for example, in gen Mil Radians scale, (where a circle equals 6,283 Mils/circle); eral hunting, military, and police applications. or it may be calibrated in United States Army Mil scale (6,400 FIG.25 is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, Mils/circle), or other Mil scale (e.g. 6000 mil/circle, 9000 45 showing the markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic mil/circle), or European, Russian, or other variations of the gunsight at high power Suitable for use, for example, in gen Mill scale. eral hunting, military, and police applications; FIG. 14 is a front view of a reticle of the present invention FIG. 26 is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, in which the upper portion of the primary vertical cross-hair showing the markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic and the primary horizontal cross-hair have been provided 50 gunsight at high power Suitable for use, for example, in gen with rangefinder markings of an “inches of angle” (IOATM) eral hunting, military, and police applications; scale; FIG. 27 is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, FIG. 15 is a front view of a reticle of the present invention showing the markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic in which a horizontal rangefinder bar intersects the primary gunsight at high power with a ghost ring and rangefinder, vertical cross-hairata position above the intersection with the 55 FIG. 28 is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, primary horizontal cross-hair, and primary vertical cross-hair showing the markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic and horizontal rangefinder bar have been provided with gunsight at high power with one or more primary horizontal rangefinder markings of any desirable scale; cross-hairs vertically offset above optical center; FIG. 16a is a flow chart illustrating the data inputs relating FIG. 29 is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, to external conditions at the range required by the TRAG1 S5 60 showing the markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic Ballistics Computer Program; gunsight at high power with one or more primary horizontal FIG. 16b is a flow chart illustrating the data inputs relating cross-hairs vertically offset above optical center; to weapon and ammunition required by, and outputs produced FIG.30 is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, by, the TRAG1S5 Ballistics Computer Program; showing the markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic FIG. 17a is a targeting grid generated by a personal com 65 gunsight at high power with a rangefinder, and with the pri puter running the TRAG1S5 Ballistics Program for calibrat mary horizontal cross-hair intersecting the primary vertical ing the range of the secondary horizontal cross-hairs of a cross-hair at optical center; US 8,905,307 B2 11 12 FIG.31 is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, FIG.39c is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, showing the markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic showing the markings as viewed through an electronic reticle gunsight at high power with primary horizontal cross-hair at high power calibrated in USMC Mil Radians, with the main intersecting the primary vertical cross-hair at optical center; cross-hairs Subtending 0.1 inches, the Small hack marks Sub FIG. 32 is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, tending 0.05 inches and all other markings subtending 0.07 showing the markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic inches at 100 yards: gunsight at high power, FIG. 39d is a front view of a reticle of FIG. 39c, showing FIG.33 is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, the markings as viewed through an electronic reticle at high showing the markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic power illuminated for use under low light conditions; gunsight at high power Suitable for use, for example, in tac 10 FIG.39e is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, tical, military, and police applications; showing the markings as viewed through an electronic reticle FIG. 34 is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, at high power calibrated in True Minute of Angle, with the showing the markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic main cross-hairs Subtending 0.2 inches, the Small hack marks gunsight at high power Suitable for use, for example, in tac 15 Subtending 0.1 inches and all other markings Subtending 0.14 tical, military, and police applications; inches at 95.5 yards; FIG. 35 is a front view of a two-part illuminated reticle of FIG.39fis a front view of a reticle of FIG.39e, showing the the present invention, showing the markings as viewed markings as viewed through an electronic reticle at high through a Zoom telescopic gunsight at high power Suitable for power illuminated for use under low light conditions; use, for example, in mid-range, general purpose applications; FIG.39g is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, FIG.35a is a front view of a two-part illuminated reticle of showing the markings as viewed through an electronic reticle the present invention, showing the markings as viewed at high power calibrated in True Minute of Angle, with the through a Zoom telescopic gunsight at high power under main cross-hairs Subtending 0.1 inches, the Small hack marks daylight conditions; Subtending 0.05 inches and all other markings Subtending FIG.35b is a front view of a two-part illuminated reticle of 25 0.07 inches at 95.5 yards: the present invention, showing the markings as viewed FIG. 39h is a front view of a reticle of FIG. 39g, showing through a Zoom telescopic gunsight at high power when illu the markings as viewed through an electronic reticle at high minated under low light conditions; power illuminated for use under low light conditions; FIG. 36 is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, FIG. 40 is a block diagram of an example of the ballistics showing the markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic 30 calculator System of the present invention; gunsight at high power, with the primary horizontal cross-hair FIG. 41a illustrates a representative target for use of the intersecting the primary vertical cross-hair at optical center reticle of the present invention for a second shot correction of Suitable for use, for example, in tactical, military, and police a missed first shot; applications; FIG. 41b illustrates a range call for using line #8 for drop FIG. 37 is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, 35 compensation. For the first shot the target is placed online #8 showing the markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic and the shot taken; gunsight at high power and with the primary horizontal cross FIG. 41c illustrates that the shot taken in FIG. 41b misses hair intersecting the primary vertical cross-hair above optical the bullseye with an impact high and to the right of the target; center; Suitable for use, for example, in tactical, military, and FIG. 41d illustrates that when the reticle of the target acqui police applications; 40 sition device is aligned so that the bullseye and original aim FIG.38a is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, ing point are aligned (at the central cross-hair of line #8), the showing the markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic actual bullet impact is at line #7, 2 hackmarks to the right; gunsight at high power with a rangefinder, and with the pri FIG. 41e illustrates that line #72 hackmarks to the right is mary horizontal cross-hair intersecting the primary vertical used for the main targeting cross-hair aligned with the bulls cross-hair at optical center, with a bold ghost ring Suitable for 45 eye for the second shot; use at close to mid range; FIG. 41 fillustrates that the second shot not impacts the FIG.38b is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, bullseye using the impact point of the first shot on the reticle showing the markings as viewed through a non-illuminated as the aiming point for the second shot; Zoom telescopic gunsight at high power with a rangefinder, FIG. 42 illustrates an example of the inputs and outputs and with the primary horizontal cross-hair intersecting the 50 integrated into a Ballistics Calculating System of the present primary vertical cross-hair at optical center, with a bold ghost invention; ring Suitable for use at close to mid range; FIG. 43a is an example of the electronic target acquisition FIG.38c is a front view of the reticle of FIG.38b, showing device of the present invention using an objective lens and one the markings as viewed through an illuminated Zoom tele or more additional lenses with a long, full focal length tube; scopic gunsight at high power with the primary horizontal 55 FIG. 43b is an example of the electronic target acquisition cross-hair intersecting the primary vertical cross-hair at opti device of the present invention using an objective lens and one cal center, with a bold ghost ring Suitable for use at close to or more additional lenses with one or more mirrors or one or mid range; more prisms to reduce the tube length; and FIG.39a is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, FIG. 43c is an example of the electronic target acquisition showing the markings as viewed through an electronic reticle 60 device of the present invention using an objective lens and one at high power calibrated in USMC Mil Radians, with the main or more additional lenses with one or more mirrors or one or cross-hairs Subtending 0.2 inches, the Small hack marks Sub more prisms to reduce the tube length. tending 0.1 inches and all other markings Subtending 0.14 FIG. 44a is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, inches at 100 yards: showing the markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic FIG. 39b is a front view of a reticle of FIG. 39a, showing 65 gunsight at high power in day light, with lead markers along the markings as viewed through an electronic reticle at high the primary horizontal cross-hair suitable for use, for power illuminated for use under low light conditions; example, in tactical, military, and police applications. US 8,905,307 B2 13 14 FIG. 44b is a front view of a reticle of FIG. 44a, showing gunsight at high power, with lead markers along horizontal the markings as viewed through an electronic reticle at high cross-hairs suitable for use, for example, in tactical, military, power illuminated for use under low light conditions. and police applications in targeting a moving object. FIG. 45a is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, FIG. 48bis a front view of a reticle of the present invention, showing markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic gun showing the markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic sight at high power, with secondary vertical cross-hairs as gunsight at high power, with lead markers along horizontal lead markings on a primary and secondary horizontal cross cross-hairs suitable for use, for example, in tactical, military, hair and police applications in targeting a moving object. FIG. 45b is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, FIG. 49 is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, showing markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic gun 10 showing the markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic sight at high power, with arcs as lead markings along a pri gunsight at high power, with lead markers along horizontal mary and secondary horizontal cross-hair. cross-hairs suitable for use, for example, in tactical, military, FIG. 45c is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, and police applications in targeting a moving object showing markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic gun FIG.50a is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, sight at high power, with Solid circles as lead markings along 15 showing the markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic a primary and secondary horizontal cross-hair. gunsight at high power, with lead markers along horizontal FIG. 45d is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, cross-hairs suitable for use, for example, in tactical, military, showing markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic gun and police applications. sight at high power, with Solid triangles as lead markings FIG.50b is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, along a primary and secondary horizontal cross-hair. showing the markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic FIG. 45e is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, gunsight at high power, with lead markers along horizontal showing markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic gun cross-hairs suitable for use, for example, in tactical, military, sight at high power, with Solid triangles as lead markings and police applications. along a primary and secondary horizontal cross-hair, with a FIG. 51a is a front view of reticle markings of the present circle as a ring for aiding users in aligning their line of sight. 25 invention, showing the markings as viewed through a Zoom FIG. 45f is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, telescopic gunsight at high power. showing markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic gun FIG. 51b is a front view of reticle markings of the present sight at high power, with Solid triangles as lead markings invention, showing the markings as viewed through a Zoom along a primary and secondary horizontal cross-hair, with a telescopic gunsight at high power. rhombus as a ring for aiding users in aligning their line of 30 FIG. 51c is a front view of reticle markings of the present sight. invention, showing the markings as viewed through a Zoom FIG. 46a is afront view of a reticle of the present invention, telescopic gunsight at high power. showing markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic gun FIG.52a is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, sight at high power, with secondary vertical cross-hairs as showing the markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic lead markings on a primary horizontal cross-hair, and sec 35 gunsight at high power, with lead markers along a primary ondary horizontal cross-hairs as lead markings along the sec horizontal cross-hair Suitable for use, for example, in tactical, ondary vertical cross-hairs of unequal length, of use, for military, and police applications. example, in targeting a moving object. FIG.52b is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, FIG. 46b is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, showing the markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic showing markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic gun 40 gunsight at high power, with lead markers along a primary sight at high power, with secondary vertical cross-hairs as horizontal cross-hair Suitable for use, for example, in tactical, lead markings on a primary horizontal cross-hair, and sec military, and police applications. ondary horizontal cross-hairs as lead markings along the sec FIG.52c is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, ondary vertical cross-hairs of equal length, of use, for showing the markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic example, in targeting a moving object. 45 gunsight at high power, with lead markers along a primary FIG. 46c is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, horizontal cross-hair Suitable for use, for example, in tactical, showing markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic gun military, and police applications. sight at high power, with secondary horizontal cross-hairs as FIG.52d is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, lead markings on a primary vertical cross-hair, and secondary showing the markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic Vertical cross-hairs as lead markings along the secondary 50 gunsight at high power, with lead markers along a primary horizontal cross-hairs of unequal length, of use, for example, horizontal cross-hair Suitable for use, for example, in tactical, in targeting a moving object. military, and police applications. FIG. 46d is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, FIG.52e is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, showing markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic gun showing the markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic sight at high power, with secondary horizontal cross-hairs as 55 gunsight at high power, with lead markers along a primary lead markings on a primary vertical cross-hair, and secondary horizontal cross-hair Suitable for use, for example, in tactical, Vertical cross-hairs as lead markings along the secondary military, and police applications. horizontal cross-hairs of equal length, of use, for example, in FIG.53a is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, targeting a moving object. showing the markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic FIG. 47 is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, 60 gunsight at high power, with lead markers along horizontal showing markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic gun cross-hairs with the intersection of a primary vertical and sight at high power, with secondary horizontal cross-hairs horizontal cross-hair at the center of the reticle, suitable for along secondary vertical cross-hairs, with markings for iden use, for example, in tactical, military, and police applications. tification purposes, of use, for example, in targeting a moving FIG. 53b is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, object. 65 showing the markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic FIG. 48a is a front view of a reticle of the present invention, gunsight at high power, with lead markers along horizontal showing the markings as viewed through a Zoom telescopic cross-hairs with the intersection of a primary vertical and