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Home , Chen Hongmou, Fang Lizhi, Gu Mu, He Bingsong, Peng Peiyun, The Christian Manifesto

Explanatory Note p. xvii The Maturation of Chinese Civilization and New Challenges to Chinese Tradition p. 1 The Chinese Tradition in Retrospect p. 3 Huang Zongxi's Critique of the Chinese Dynastic System p. 4 Waiting for the Dawn: A Plan for the Prince p. 6 Lu Liuliang's Radical Orthodoxy p. 18 Commentaries on the Four Books p. 19 Late Confucian Scholarship: Wang Fuzhi p. 26 Cosmological Foundations p. 28 Wang's "Revision" of Orthodox Neo-Confucianism p. 29 Historical Trends p. 30 The Justification of Social and Cultural Divisions p. 32 The Preservation of Chinese Political and Cultural Integrity p. 34 , Beacon of Qing Scholarship p. 35 True Learning: Broad Knowledge and a Sense of Shame p. 36 Preface to Record of the Search for Antiquities p. 38 On the Concentration of Authority at Court p. 38 On Bureaucratic Local Administration, ca. 1660 p. 39 The Han Learning and Text Criticism p. 41 Dai Zhen and Zhang Xuecheng p. 44 Dai Zhen's Text-Critical Moral Philosophy p. 44 Letter to Shi Zhongming Concerning Scholarship p. 46 Letter in Reply to Advanced Scholar Peng Yunchu p. 48 Zhang Xuecheng's Philosophy of History p. 52 "Virtue in the Historian" p. 53 "Virtue in the Writer" p. 55 Women's Learning p. 57 Cui Shu and the Critical Spirit p. 60 Foreword to the Essentials of the Record of Beliefs Investigated p. 61 Han Learning and Western Learning p. 63 The Qing Version of Neo-Confucian Orthodoxy p. 66 Village Lectures and the Sacred Edict p. 70 The Sacred Edict p. 71 Popular Values and Beliefs p. 73 Ensemble Performance p. 74 Ritual p. 75 A Procession on the Birthday of the Sanzong God p. 76 The Great Sai Ritual of Zhangzi County, Shanxi p. 79 The Refining Fire Ritual of Shenze Village, Zhejiang p. 81 The Attack on Hell, a Popular Funeral Ritual p. 86 Opera p. 92 Mulian Rescues His Mother p. 95 Guo Ju Buries His Son p. 105 Solo Performance p. 118 Verse p. 118 "Woman Huang Explicates the Diamond Sutra" p. 118 "Song of Guo Mountain" p. 122 Prose p. 124 Sacred Edict Lecturing p. 125 Chantefable p. 126 The Precious Scroll [Baojuan] on the Lord of the Stove p. 126 Written Texts p. 133 Scriptures p. 134 The True Scripture of the Great Emperor p. 135 Tracts p. 138 Selections from The Twenty-four Exemplars of Filial Piety p. 138 Chinese Responses to Early Christian Contacts p. 142 Li Zhizao: Preface to The True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven p. 144 : A Memorial in Defense of the [Western] Teaching p. 147 Yang Guangxian's Critique of p. 150 Yang Guangxian: I Cannot Do Otherwise (Budeyi) p. 150 Zhang Xingyao and the Inculturation of Christianity p. 152 An Examination of the Similarities and Differences Between the Lord of Heaven Teaching p. 153 [Christianity] and the Teaching of the Confucian Scholars Chinese Statecraft and the Opening of to the West p. 155 Chen Hongmou and Mid-Qing Statecraft p. 156 On Substantive Learning p. 157 On Universal Education p. 160 On Women's Education p. 161 On the Duties of an Official p. 162 On Governance by Local Elites p. 167 Statecraft in the Grain Trade and Government-Controlled Brokerages p. 168 A Memorial on Grain Prices, the Grain Trade, and Government-Controlled Brokerages p. 169

Hong Liangji: On Imperial Malfeasance and China's Population Problem p. 172 Letter to Prince Cheng Earnestly Discussing the Political Affairs of the Time, 1799 p. 172

China's Population Problem p. 174 The Deterioration of Local Government p. 176 The Roots of Rebellion p. 178 Gong Zizhen's Reformist Vision p. 179 On the Lack of Moral Fiber Among Scholar-Officials p. 180 Institutional Paralysis and the Need for Reform p. 181 The Scholar-Teacher and Service to a Dynasty p. 183 Respect for the Guest p. 183 and Confucian Practicality p. 184 The Learning of Statecraft p. 184 Wei Yuan: Preface to Anthology of Qing Statecraft Writings (Huangchao jingshi p. 185 wenbian) Criteria for Anthology of Qing Statecraft Writings p. 186 Learning and the Role of Scholar-Officials p. 188 On Governance p. 188 The Pursuit of Profit p. 192 On Institutional Progress in History p. 194 On Merchants and Reform p. 196 On Taxation and the Merchants p. 196 On Reform of the Tribute-Rice Transport System, 1825 p. 197 On Reform of the Salt Monopoly p. 197 The Western Intusion Into China p. 198 The Lesson of Lin Zexu p. 201 Letter to the English Ruler p. 202 Letter to Wu Zixu on the Need for Western Guns and Ships p. 205 Wei Yuan and the West p. 206 Preface to Military History of the (Shengwu jixu), 1842 p. 207 Preface to Illustrated Gazetteer of the Maritime Countries (Haiguo tuzhi) p. 209 The Heavenly Kingdom of the Taipings p. 213 The Book of Heavenly Commandments (Tiantiao shu) p. 218 A Primer in Verse (Youxue shi) p. 221 The Taiping Economic Program p. 223 The Principles of the Heavenly Nature (Tianqing daolishu) p. 226 Reform and Revolution p. 231 Moderate Reform and the Self-Strengthening Movement p. 233 Feng Guifen: On the Manufacture of Foreign Weapons p. 235 On the Adoption of Western Learning p. 237 Zeng Guofan and Li Hongzhang: On Sending Young Men Abroad to Study p. 240 Xue Fucheng: On Reform p. 242 Zhang Zhidong: Exhortation to Learn p. 244 Radical Reform at the End of the Qing p. 250 Wang Tao on Reform p. 251 Yan Fu on Evolution and Progress p. 254 "On Strength" p. 256 Kang Youwei and the Reform Movement p. 260 Confucius As a Reformer p. 266 The Three Ages p. 267 The Need for Reforming Institutions p. 269 The Grand Commonality p. 270 Conservative Reactions p. 273 Chu Chengbo: Reforming Men's Minds Comes Before Reforming Institutions p. 275 Zhu Yixin: Fourth Letter in Reply to Kang Youwei p. 276 Ye Dehui: The Superiority of China and Confucianism p. 278 Tan Sitong p. 280 The Study of Humanity p. 281 Reform Edict of January 29, 1901 p. 284 Liang Qichao p. 287 Renewing the People p. 288 "The Consciousness of Rights" p. 293 "The Concept of the Nation" p. 295 Liang Qichao and the New Press p. 298 Inaugural Statement for the Eastern Times (Shiabo) p. 300 Advocates of Script Reform p. 302 Song Shu: Illiteracy in China p. 303 Lu Zhuangzhang's Attempt at Romanization p. 304 Shen Xue's Universal Script p. 305 Wang Zhao's "Mandarin Letters" p. 307 Zhang Binglin's Revolutionary Nationalism p. 308 Letter Opposing Kang Youwei's Views on Revolution p. 309 The Nationalist Revolution p. 314 Sun Yat-sen and the Nationalist Revolution p. 314 Hu Hanmin p. 316 "The Six Principles of the People's Report" p. 316 Sun Yat-sen p. 320 The Three People's Principles p. 320 The Principle of Democracy p. 323 The People's Livelihood p. 326 The Three Stages of Revolution p. 328 Democracy and Absolutism: The Debate Over Political Tutelage p. 330 Luo Longji: What Kind of Political System Do We Want? p. 331 Jiang Tingfu: "Revolution and Absolutism" p. 334 Hu Shi: "National Reconstruction and Absolutism" p. 336 Chiang Kai-shek: Nationalism and Traditionalism p. 337 Chiang Kai-shek: Essentials of the New Life Movement p. 340 China's Destiny p. 344 Jiang Jingguo (Chiang Ching-kuo): The Republic of China in Taiwan p. 347 The Evolution of Constitutional Democracy in Taiwan p. 348 Implementing "The Three People's Principles" p. 349 The New Culture Movement p. 351 The Attack on Confucianism p. 352 Chen Duxiu: "The Way of Confucius and Modern Life" p. 353 The Literary Revolution p. 356 Hu Shi: "A Preliminary Discussion of Literary Reform" p. 357 Chen Duxiu: "On Literary Revolution" p. 360 Hu Shi: "Constructive Literary Revolution--A Literature of National Speech" p. 361 The Doubting of Antiquity p. 364 Gu Jiegang: Preface to Debates on Ancient History (1926) p. 364 A New Philosophy of Life p. 366 Chen Duxiu: The True Meaning of Life p. 366 Hu Shi: "Pragmatism" p. 368 The Debate on Science and the Philosophy of Life p. 370 Zhang Junmai: "The Philosophy of Life" p. 370 Ding Wenjiang: "Metaphysics and Science" p. 372 Wu Zhihui: "A New Concept of the Universe and Life Based on a New Belief" p. 374 Hu Shi: Science and Philosophy of Life p. 375 The Controversy Over Chinese and Western Cultures p. 377 Liang Qichao: "Travel Impressions from Europe" p. 378 Liang Shuming: Chinese Civilization vis-a-vis Eastern and Western Philosophies p. 379 Reconstructing the Community p. 382 Hu Shi: OUr Attitude Toward Modern Western Civilization p. 386 Sa Mengwu, He Bingsong, and Others: "Declaration for Cultural Construction on a p. 387 Chinese Basis" Hu Shi: Criticism of the "Declaration for Cultural Construction on a Chinese Basis" p. 388

Radical Critiques of Traditional Society p. 389 He Zhen: "What Women Should Know About Communism" p. 389 Women's Revenge p. 392 Han Yi: "Destroying the Family" p. 394 The Communist Revolution p. 396 The Seedbed of the Communist Revolution: The Peasantry and the Anarcho-Communist p. 399 Movement Liu Shipei: "Anarchist Revolution and Peasant Revolution" p. 400 Li Dazhao: The Victory of Bolshevism p. 404 Mao's Revolutionary Doctrine p. 406 "Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement" p. 406 "The Question of Land Redistribution" p. 411 The Chinese Revolution and the p. 412 The Mass Line p. 417 On New Democracy p. 418 The Dictatorship of the People's Democracy p. 423 Chinese Communist Praxis p. 426 Liu Shaoqi: How to Be a Good Communist p. 427 : The Rectification Campaign p. 432 Report of the Propaganda Bureau of the Central Committee on the Zhengfeng Reform p. 432 Movement, April 1942 Wang Shiwei: "Wild Lily" p. 434 Liu Shaoqi: "On Inner-Party Struggle" p. 435 Mao Zedong: "Combat Liberalism" p. 439 Mao Zedong: "On Art and Literature" p. 441 Wang Shiwei: "Political Leaders, Artists" p. 444 Ding Ling: "Thoughts on March 8, 1942" p. 446 The Mao Regime p. 450 Establishment of the People's Republic p. 450 Mao Zedong: "Leaning to One Side" p. 452 Mao Zedong: "Stalin Is Our Commander" p. 453 : Ode to Stalin--"Long Live Stalin" on His Seventieth Birthday, 1949 p. 454 Ji Yun: "How China Proceeds with the Task of Industrialization" (1953) p. 455 Li Fuqun: "Report on the First Five-Year Plan for Development of the National Economy ofp. 456 the People's Republic of China in 1953-1957, July 5 and 6, 1955"

Changes in Mid-Course p. 458 Mao Zedong: "The Question of Agricultural Cooperation," July 31, 1955 p. 458 Mao Zedong: "On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People" p. 459 Liu Binyan: "A Higher Kind of Loyalty" p. 464 Intellectual Opinions from the Hundred Flowers Period p. 465 Mao Zedong: Remarks at the Beidaihe Conference, August 1958 p. 468 : "Letter of Opinion" to Mao Zedong on the Great Leap Forward, July 1959 p. 469

Wu Han: "Hai Rui Scolds the Emperor," June 19, 1959 p. 471 The p. 474 The Sixteen Points: Guidelines for the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution p. 474 Quotations from Chairman Mao Zedong p. 475 "What Have Song Shuo, Lu Ping, and Done in the Cultural Revolution?" p. 477 Red Guard Memoirs p. 478 Wang Xizhe, Li Zhengtian, Chen Yiyang, Guo Hongzhi: "The Li Yi Zhe Poster," November p. 479 1974 The Return to Stability and Tradition p. 483 Deng's "Modernization" and Its Critics p. 485 The Turn to Stability and Modernization p. 487 : "Report on the Work of the Government," delivered on January 13, 1975, at thep. 487 First Session of the Fourth National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China

Communique of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the p. 488 Communist Party of China, December 22, 1978 : "The Relationship Between Politics and Economics" p. 491 "Uphold the Four Basic Principles," Speech by , March 30, 1979 p. 492 "Building Socialist Spiritual Civilization," Letter from Li Chang, Vice President of p. 493 the Chinese Academy of Sciences, to a Member of the Party Central Committee, December 1980

Office of the CCP Dehong Dai Nationality and Qingbo Autonomous Zhou Committee: p. 494 "Several Questions in Strengthening and Perfecting the Job Responsibility Systems of Agricultural Production," November 7, 1980 Early Critiques of the Deng Regime p. 496 Publication Statement, Spring Magazine, January 1979 p. 496 : The Fifth Modernization--Democracy, 1978 p. 497 Democracy or New Dictatorship, Exploration, March 1979 p. 500 Wall Poster from the April Fifth Forum p. 501 Hu Ping: "On Freedom of Speech," Written for His Successful 1980 Campaign to Become p. 502 Beijing University's Delegate to the People's Assembly

Wang Ruoshui: "Discussing the Question of Alienation" p. 503 Wang Ruoshui: "In Defense of Humanism" p. 505 Assessing the New Policies p. 507 Deng Xiaoping: "Build Socialism with Chinese Characteristics" p. 507 : Speech Given at the Chinese Communist National Representative Conference,p. 510 September 23, 1985 New Demands for Change and Democracy p. 512 Fang Lizhi: Democracy, Reform, and Modernization p. 512 Fang Lizhi: "Reform and Intellectuals," Talk Given in 1986 p. 516 Fang Lizhi: "The Social Responsibility of Today's Intellectuals," Speech Given at p. 516 Beijing University, November 4, 1985 Li Xiaojiang: "Awakening of Women's Consciousness" p. 517 The New Authoritarianism p. 520 Wu Jiaxiang: "An Outline for Studying the New Authoritarianism," May 1989 p. 520 Rong Jian: "Does China Need an Authoritarian Political System in the Course of p. 522 Modernization?," May 1989 : "How China Can Become Prosperous" p. 523 Twentieth-Century p. 527 p. 528 Religion and the State p. 530 Religion and Culture p. 531 Zhao Zichen p. 533 "Present-Day Religious Thought and Life in China" p. 534 Leadership and Citizenship Training p. 535 Wu Yaozong p. 536 "The Present-Day Tragedy of Christianity" p. 537 "The Reformation of Christianity" p. 539 The Christian Manifesto p. 539 Wang Mingdao p. 540 "We, Because of Faith" p. 540 Wu Jingxiong: Christianity and Chinese Tradition p. 541 "Beyond East and West" p. 542 "The Lotus and the Mud" p. 543 Reopening the Debate on Chinese Tradition p. 545 The New Confucians p. 545 Xiong Shili p. 547 Manifesto for a Reappraisal of Sinology and the Reconstruction of Chinese Culture p. 550

Mou Zongsan's Confucian Philosophy p. 558 The Sensitivity and Steadfastness of Humaneness (ren) p. 558 Feng Youlan: "China--An Ancient Nation with a New Mission" p. 561 The Continuing Critique of Tradition p. 564 Bo Yang: "The Ugly Chinaman" p. 565 Sun Longji: "The Deep Structure of Chinese Culture" p. 568 Su Xiaokang and Wang Luxiang: "River Elegy," a Television Documentary p. 570 Li Zehou: "A Reevaluation of Confucianism" p. 574 : Confucianism as the Essence of Chinese Tradition p. 581 Bibliography p. 585 Index p. 595 Table of Contents provided by Blackwell's Book Services and R.R. Bowker. Used with permission.