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Und Sedimentproben TEXTE UMWELTFORSCHUNGSPLAN DES BUNDESMINISTERIUMS FÜR UMWELT, NATURSCHUTZ UND REAKTORSICHERHEIT Forschungsbericht 299 25 261 UBA-FB 000508 Texte Validieren, Harmonisieren und Implementieren eines 87 minimalen biologischen 03 Testsets zur Bewertung ISSN mariner Wasser- und 0722-186X Sedimentproben von Dipl.- Biol. Carolin Peters Dr. Wolfgang Ahlf Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg Arbeitsbereich Umweltschutztechnik Im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes UMWELTBUNDESAMT Diese TEXTE-Veröffentlichung kann bezogen werden bei Vorauszahlung von 10,00 € durch Post- bzw. Banküberweisung, Verrechnungsscheck oder Zahlkarte auf das Konto Nummer 4327 65 - 104 bei der Postbank Berlin (BLZ 10010010) Fa. Werbung und Vertrieb, Wolframstraße 95-96, 12105 Berlin Parallel zur Überweisung richten Sie bitte eine schriftliche Bestellung mit Nennung der Texte-Nummer sowie des Namens und der Anschrift des Bestellers an die Firma Werbung und Vertrieb. Der Herausgeber übernimmt keine Gewähr für die Richtigkeit, die Genauigkeit und Vollständigkeit der Angaben sowie für die Beachtung privater Rechte Dritter. Die in dem Bericht geäußerten Ansichten und Meinungen müssen nicht mit denen des Herausgebers übereinstimmen. Herausgeber: Umweltbundesamt Postfach 33 00 22 14191 Berlin Tel.: 030/8903-0 Telex: 183 756 Telefax: 030/8903 2285 Internet: http://www.umweltbundesamt.de Redaktion: Fachgebiet II 1.5 Dr. Rüdiger Berghahn Berlin, Dezember 2003 BERICHTS-KENNBLATT 1. Berichtsnummer 2. 3. UBA-FB 4. Titel des Berichts Validieren, Harmonisieren und Implementieren eines minimalen biologischen Testsets zur Bewertung mariner Wasser- und Sedimentproben 5. Autor(en), Name(n), Vorname(n) 8. Abschlussdatum 31.12.02 Peters, Carolin Ahlf, Wolfgang, Dr. 9. Veröffentlichungsdatum 6. Durchführende Institution (Name, Anschrift) 10. UFOPLAN-Nr. 299 25 261 Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg 11. Seitenzahl Arbeitsbereich Umweltschutztechnik 210 Eißendorfer Straße 40, 21073 Hamburg 12. Literaturangaben 155 7. Fördernde Institution (Name, Anschrift) 13. Tabellen und Diagramme 31 Umweltbundesamt, Bismarckplatz 1, 1493 Berlin 14. Abbildungen 40 15. Zusätzliche Angaben 16. Kurzfassung Es wurde ein Biotest-Set zur Bewertung von Brackwasser- und Meerwasser-Sedimentproben (Baggergut) für die Umsetzung internationaler rechtlicher Anforderungen zum Schutz von Nordsee und Ostsee innerhalb Deutschlands bereitgestellt. Für eine Implementierung des Testsets im nationalen Umweltrecht war die Standardisierung der Testverfahren von erstrangiger Bedeutung. Deshalb wurde auf standardisierten Testverfahren aufgebaut und deren Anwendung auf Nordsee- und Ostsee-Sedimentproben weiterentwickelt, harmonisiert und validiert. Diese methodischen Entwicklungen mündeten unmittelbar in die nationale (DIN) und internationale (ISO) Standardisierung und stehen damit auch für weitere Anwendungen zum Schutz der Meeresumwelt vor Emissionen zur Verfügung. Es wurden zwei Tests für die Bewertung der wässrigen Phase der Meer- und Brackwasser- Sedimente (Eluate) (Leuchtbakterientest und mariner Algentest) und ein Gesamtsedimenttest (Amphipodentest) etabliert. Mit diesem Testset können akute und chronische Toxizität erfasst werden, wobei ein breites Spektrum an Beobachtungsgrößen – von Stoffwechselvorgängen, Verhaltensbeobachtungen bis zu integrierenden Parametern wie Reproduktion und Mortalität – erhoben wurde. Der Amphipode Corophium volutator wurde erstmals kontinuierlich über einen Zeitraum von einem Jahr zur Reproduktion unter Laborbedingungen gebracht. Damit wurde nicht nur ein kultivierter Testorganismus zur Verfügung gestellt (entgegen bisherigen Wildfängen), sondern auch die Basis für die Entwicklung eines chronischen Amphipodentests geschaffen. 17. Schlagwörter Biotest, Nordsee, Ostsee, Sedimentbewertung, Ecological Risk Assessment 18. Preis 19. 20. REPORT-COVER-SHEET 1. Report No. 2. 3. UBA-FB 4. Report Title Validation, harmonization and implementation of a base-set of bioassays for the assessment of brackish and marine sediment samples 5. Author(s), Family Name(s), First Name(s) 8. Report Date 31.12.02 Peters, Carolin 9. Publication Date Ahlf, Wolfgang, Dr. 6. Performing Organisation (Name, Adress) 10. UFOPLAN-Ref. No. 299 25 261 Technical University of Hamburg-Harburg 11. No. of Pages Department of Environmental Science and Technology 210 Eißendorfer Straße 40, 21073 Hamburg 12. No. of References 155 7. Sponsoring Agency (Name, Adress) 13. No. of Tables, Diag. 31 Umweltbundesamt, Bismarckplatz 1, 1493 Berlin 14. No. of Figures 40 15. Supplementary Notes 16. Abstract A bioassay-battery for the ecotoxicological assessment of brackish and marine sediment samples (dredged material) was established within Germany and is ready for the implementation of international conventions for the protection of the North Sea and Baltic Sea. Standardisation is essential for the implementation of the test procedures in legislation. Therefore the bioassay-battery was based on standardised methods and was further developed, harmonized and validated for its application on North Sea and Baltic Sea sediment samples. The further development of the methods were directly implemented in the national (DIN) and international (ISO) standardization. Thus, the bioassay-battery is also available for further management of emissions for the protection of the marine environment. Two tests for the water phase of brackish and marine sediments (elutriates) (bacteria bioluminescence test and marine algae test) and a whole-sedimenttest (amphipod test) have been established. With this battery, acute and chronic toxicity can be detected and a broad spectrum of endpoints - physiological, behavioural (ethological) and integrating parameters like reproduction and mortality - are considered. For the first time, the amphipod Corophium volutator was continuously reproduced over a period of one year under laboratory conditions. Thus, a cultured test organism (instead of wild catch) is available and moreover, the development of a chronic amphipod test is possible. 17. Keywords bioassay, North Sea, Baltic Sea, sediment quality assessment, ecological risk assessment 18. Price 19. 20. 5 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS I. Erläuterung der Abkürzungen......................................................................................9 II. Abbildungsverzeichnis................................................................................................10 III. Tabellenverzeichnis ....................................................................................................12 1. Vorwort........................................................................................................................15 2. Einleitung ....................................................................................................................15 2.1. Notwendigkeit der Implementierung eines marinen Biotest-Sets in Deutschland .......................................................................................................15 2.2. Projektziele und die Projektstruktur................................................................20 3. Das minimale Testset...............................................................................................24 3.1. Auswahlkriterien für das minimale Testset ...................................................24 3.1.1. Monospezies-Tests...................................................................................25 3.1.2. Erfassung verschiedener Expositionspfade..........................................25 3.1.3. Sensitiv gegenüber einem breitem Spektrum von Schadstoffen......25 3.1.4. Standardisierte Testverfahren (z.B. nach DIN, ISO) ...........................26 3.1.5. Repräsentanten verschiedener Taxa und verschiedener trophischer Ebenen...................................................................................26 3.1.6. Vorkommen der Testorganismen in Nordsee und Ostsee .................27 3.1.7. Euryhaline Arten........................................................................................27 3.1.8. Toleranz eines breiten Korngrößen – Spektrums................................27 3.1.9. Praktikabilität im Verhältnis zur Aussagekraft......................................27 3.1.10. Tierethik ......................................................................................................27 3.2. Vorstellung des minimalen Testsets ..............................................................28 4. Allgemeine Hinweise zur Probenahme, Probenvorbereitung, Testdurchführung und Auswertung bei der Anwendung mariner Biotests auf Sedimente ...............................................................................................................32 5. Probenahme und Probenvorbereitung ......................................................................35 5.1. Probenahme ......................................................................................................35 5.2. Probenvorbereitung ..........................................................................................35 5.2.1. Probenvorbereitung für den Gesamtsedimenttest...............................36 5.2.2. Probenvorbereitung für die Tests der wässrigen Phase.....................36 5.2.2.1. Stand der Forschung und Praxis....................................................36 5.2.2.2. Herstellung von Meer- und Brackwasser- Eluaten......................38 6 6. Testdurchführung und Auswertung............................................................................42 6.1. Der Leuchtbakterientest mit Vibrio fischeri ...................................................42
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