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Eachtra Journal Eachtra Journal Issue 10 [ISSN 2009-2237] Archaeological Excavation Report E2429 - Ballynamona 2, Co. Cork Neolithic and Beaker Features, Middle Bronze Age Structures and Iron Age Industrial Activity EACHTRA Archaeological Projects Archaeological Excavation Report Neolithic and Beaker Features, Middle Bronze Age Structures and Iron Age Industrial Activity Ballynamona 2 Co Cork May 2011 Client: Cork County Council Project: N8 Fermoy to Mitchelstown E No: E2429 Excavation Director: Linda Hegarty Written by: Linda Hegarty Archaeological Excavation Report Neolithic and Beaker Features, Middle Bronze Age Structures and Iron Age Industrial Activity Ballynamona 2 Co Cork Excavation Director Linda Hegarty Written By Linda Hegarty EACHTRA Archaeological Projects CORK GALWAY The Forge, Innishannon, Co. Cork Unit 10, Kilkerrin Park, Liosbain Industrial Estate, Galway tel: 021 4701616 | web: www.eachtra.ie | email: [email protected] tel: 091 763673 | web: www.eachtra.ie | email: [email protected] © 2011 The Forge, Innishannon, Co Cork Set in 12pt Garamond Printed in Ireland Table of Contents Summary�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������vii Acknowledgements������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������viii 1 Scope of the project �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 2 Route location��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 3 Receiving environment ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 3 4 Archaeological and historical background ��������������������������������������������������������������������� 4 5 Site Location and Topography ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 11 6 Excavation methodology ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 11 7 Excavation results ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 13 Area1��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������13 Area2��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������25 Burntmound/fulachtfiadhatArea3�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������41 Agriculturalfeatures��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������47 Charcoal���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������47 Radiocarbondates�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������47 Plantremains���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 48 Pottery����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 48 Industrialresidues������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 48 Crematedbone���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 48 Lithics��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������49 8 Discussion �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 51 EarlyNeolithic��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������51 LateNeolithic����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������51 Beaker/Chalcolithicperiod������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������51 MiddleBronzeAgeStructures����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������53 Burntmound/fulachtfiadh��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 54 Circularditchbeneaththeburntmound�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������57 BurialsinnorthCork��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������57 IronAgemetalworking�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������57 9 References ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������59 Appendix 1 Stratigraphic Index ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������63 Appendix 2 Stratigraphic Matrix �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������100 Appendix 3 Groups and subgroups �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������101 I Appendix 4 Finds register �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������125 Appendix 5 Plant remains �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������128 Appendix 6 Pottery report ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������144 Appendix 7 Evaluation of archaeometallurgical residues ������������������������������������������158 Appendix 8 Osteoarchaeological Report �������������������������������������������������������������������������171 Appendix 9 Lithics report ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������178 Appendix 10 Finds catalogue �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������188 II List of Figures Figure 1: The route of the N8 Fermoy to Mitchelstown Bypass overlain on the Ordnance Survey Discovery Series map� ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2 Figure 2: The route of the N8 Fermoy to Mitchelstown Bypass overlain on the first edition Ordnance Survey map CO010, 011, 019, 020, 027 and 028� ���������������������������������������������������������� 5 Figure 3: The route of the N8 Fermoy to Mitchelstown Bypass overlain on the RMP map CO010, 011, 019, 020, 027 and 028� The map is based on the second edition Ordnance Survey maps� �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������10 Figure 4: Post-excavation plan of Ballynamona 2�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������12 Figure 5: Post-excavation plan of Ballynamona 2, Area 1� ���������������������������������������������������������������������������14 Figure 6: Lithic distribution in Area 1� �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������15 Figure 7: Post-excavation plan of artefact distribution in Area 1 (pottery)� ������������������������������������������16 Figure 8: Section through the ditch C�27� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������17 Figure 9: Distribution of slag in Area 1� ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������18 Figure 10: Section through the furnace C�10� �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������19 Figure 11: Plan and section through the pit C�18� ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������20 Figure 12: Illustration of Beaker sherds from Vessel 6� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������22 Figure 13: Illustration of Beaker sherds from Vessel 12� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������22 Figure 14: Pits with Beaker pottery and Iron Age metalworking features in Area 1�����������������������������23 Figure 15: Section through the pit C�108� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������25 Figure 16: Post-excavation plan of Area 2 at Ballynamona 2� �����������������������������������������������������������������������26 Figure 17: Post-excavation plan of Structure 1 at Ballynamona 2� �������������������������������������������������������������27 Figure 18: Section through the post-hole
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