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The Road Not Taken: the Evolution of a Municipal Junior College. PUB DATE 1998-05-00 NOTE 221P.; Ph.D

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The Road Not Taken: the Evolution of a Municipal Junior College. PUB DATE 1998-05-00 NOTE 221P.; Ph.D DOCUMENT RESUME ED 426 752 JC 990 086 AUTHOR Gratz, Donald B. TITLE The Road Not Taken: The Evolution of a Municipal Junior College. PUB DATE 1998-05-00 NOTE 221p.; Ph.D. Dissertation, Boston College. PUB TYPE Dissertations/Theses Doctoral Dissertations (041) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC09 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Administrators; Boards of Education; *Community Colleges; *Educational Change; *Educational History; Elementary Secondary Education; *Governance; Government School Relationship; Multicampus Colleges; Two Year Colleges IDENTIFIERS Quincy College MA ABSTRACT This study traces the evolution of Quincy Junior College, the third largest community college in Massachusetts, from its founding in 1956 to the present. As one of two municipal two-year colleges in the nation, Quincy presents an interesting case study of how a community college fared under city school board governance. This dissertation explores Quincy's history, the movement from individual control, clashes of organizational culture between the college and school system, and factors that ultimately forced the college's separation. Chapters include the following: (1) Introduction;(2) Related Literature; (3) Individual Leadership and Control: 1948-1986;(4) The Institution Comes of Age: 1985-1991;(5) Struggle Towards Resolution: 1991-1996;(6) Divergent Paths: An Analysis of Change at Quincy College; and (7) Implications: The Road Not Taken. An epilogue reviews events occurring from 1996 and 1997, such as the college's re-accreditation and the layoff of many of the college's senior leaders. Appended are enrollment statistics, and three charts illustrating Quincy's history. (Contains 74 references). (EMH) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** Boston College The Graduate School of Education Department of Educational Administration and Higher Education THE ROAD NOT TAKEN: THE EVOLUTION OF A MUNICIPAL JUNIOR COLLEGE A dissertation by DONALD B. GRATZ submitted in partial fulfillment of the requiremenp for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy U.S. DEPARTMENT Office of Educanonal OF EDUCATION Research and Improvement PERMISSION TO RESOURCES INFORMATION REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS CENTER (ERIC) MATERIAL HAS 1UCATIONALThis document has BEEN GRANTED been reproducedas BY received from theperson or organization originating it. D. L. 0 Minor changes Gratz have been made to improve reproductionquality. ° Points of view TO THE or opinions stated inthis EDUCATIONAL document do not RESOURCES necessarily represent INFORMATION CENTER official OERI positionor policy. 1 (ERIC) May, 1998 BEST COPYAVAILABLE ©copyright by DONALD B. GRATZ 1998 The Road Not Taken: The Evolution of a Municipal Junior College Donald B. Gratz Ted I. K. Youn, Dissertation Director Abstract When Quincy Junior College was formed in 1956, most two-year colleges were sponsored by local school boards. But times have changed dramatically. Until recently, Quincy College has been the only public junior college in the country to remain under the control of a city school board. It is now one of two municipal two-year colleges in the nation. In this regard, Quincy represents the road not taken for municipal junior colleges. The study that follows traces the evolution of this college from a small 13th and 14th grade program to become the third largest community college in the state. In so doing, it focuses on governance decisions made by and for the college, and analyzes the individual, organizational and political factors which kept it under school board control for so long, but which finally forced its separation from the school system. During its early years, the college was dominated by a series of strong, sometimes charismatic individuals. As it grew, and as it fought the restrictions of individual control and the constraints of the public school system, severe organizational strains developed. As time passed, conflicts over leadership, culture, and control of the college's growing resources came to dominate college activity. Ultimately, the college's increasing wealth and the president's attempts to resolve the organizational conflicts through the involvement of outside agencies led to a resolution in the political arena -- with decidedly political results. The study analyzes this movement from individual control, through emerging bureaucracy and organizational stress, to the final political solution. It considers issues of organizational stress related to growth and the accumulation of resources, clashes of organizational culture between the college and school system, and other factors that ultimately forced the college's separation. The study also cites Quincy College as an example of how other two-year colleges might have fared under school board control, postulating that cultural and political factors would have led, over time, to increasing conflict between the colleges and their parent school systems. The Road Not Taken: The Evolution of a Municipal Junior College Donald B. Gratz Acknowledgments ii Chapter One. Introduction 1 Chapter Two. Related Literature 16 Chapter Three. Individual Leadership and Control: 1948-1986 50 Chapter Four. The Institution Comes of Age: 1985-1991 80 Chapter Five. Struggle Towards Resolution: 1991-1996 116 Chapter Six. Divergent Paths: An Analysis of Change at Quincy College 149 Chapter Seven. Implications: The Road Not Taken 180 Epilogue. All the Difference 198 Bibliography 200 Appendices 205 Acknowledgments THE ROAD NOT TAKEN Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth; Then took the other, as just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim Because it was grassy and wanted wear; Though as for that the passing there Had worn them really about the same, And both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden black. Oh, I kept the first for another day! Yet knowing how way leads on to way, I doubted if I should ever come back. I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I -- I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference. Robert Frost Doctoral dissertations are not for the fainthearted, at least for mid-career working professionals. They require time, energy, commitment bordering on obsession, and the firm belief that the end result will be worth it.I will leave for others to debate the question of whether the process of the doctoral dissertation, or the doctorate, should be constructed as it is. But for the adult student -- with a job to maintain, bills to pay, a family to support, a spouse to help and communicate with (occasionally), children to parent, and the complications of modem life to sort through, and without the luxury of being able to devote anything like full time to the process -- the doctoral dissertation is a daunting challenge. I better understand now than I did when this began why so many who complete their coursework, with all the work and expense that implies, still fail to complete this final requirement. I suspect that, like myself, a disproportionate number of these dropouts have many other responsibilities to attend to, and that the end, ultimately, fails to justify Ii 6 the means. The late night and weekend work can strain both relationships and realities of time, energy and commitment. This being the case, it is not hard to see how much support is needed by an individual embarked on such a task, and how much that task might draw in others. Certainly I have had this support, and my activities have had this kind of impact on those around me. These include the following: First, I am indebted to the members of my Dissertation Committee. If this body had consisted of the evil egos I have heard stories about, I would probably have retired to a secluded mountainside by now, there to shun human contact for the rest of eternity. Fortunately, my committee -- Philip Altbach, Howard London, Gary Yee, and Ted Youn -- have been thoughtful and supportive throughout, understanding their roles not as creating additional hurdles or showcasing their own extensive knowledge, but rather as providers of counsel and guidance. Sometimes support includes the wisdom of maintaining distance. For the consideration shown by my committee in displaying both wisdom and knowledge, I am most appreciative. This has been particularly true of Ted Youn, chair of the committee and my adviser from the time I arrived, who has been extremely helpful both in his commentary and support, and in (gasp!) functioning as a true committee chair -- spearheading the committee's efforts, arranging logistics, making decisions, communicating with all concerned, and providing leadership to the entire process. According to the word on the street, this kind of leadership displayed on a dissertation committee (which, after all, serves no function within the university hierarchy or structure) is almost unheard of. I am extremely grateful to have been its beneficiary. I also owe debts outside the university. Many friends and associates from Quincy College, as well as many strangers, were extremely helpful in providing formal and background information concerning the college's activitiesboth recent and long past. These friends and acquaintances are too numerous to mention, and might not choose
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