E2767 v. 1 Public Disclosure Authorized ACCELERATED DEVELOPMENT OF MINOR IRRIGATION (A.D.M.I) PROJECT IN WEST BENGAL Public Disclosure Authorized ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT November 2010 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Accelerated Development of Minor Irrigation (ADMI) Project ii Environmental Assessment ACRONYMS ADMI Accelerated Development of Minor Irrigation ADO Agriculture Development Officer BCM Billion Cubic Metre BOD Biological Oxygen Demand CCA Culturable Command Area CDM Clean Development Mechanism CER Certified Emission Reduction CGWB Central Ground Water Board CGPL Combustion, Gasification and Propulsion Laboratory CIB Central Insecticide Board CIL Central Insecticide Laboratory CIPMC Central Integrated Pest Management Centre COD Chemical Oxygen Demand COM Cut-off Meander CPCB Central Pollution Control Board CPL Central Petrological Laboratory DO Dissolved Oxygen DPMU District Project Management Unit EA Environmental Assessment ECoP Environmental Code of Practice EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMF Environmental Management Framework EMP Environmental Management Plan FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FC Fecal Coliform FFS Farmers Field School FGD Focussed Group Discussion GEMP Generic Environment Management Plan GSI Geological Survey of India HYV High Yielding Varieties ICAR Indian Council of Agriculture Research IISC Indian Institute of Sciences IPM Integrated Pest Management INM Integrated Nutrient Management KPS Krishi Prajukti Sahayak KVK Krishi Vigayan Kendra LEA Limited Environmental Assessment LEISA Low External Input Sustainable Agriculture MCL Maximum Contaminant Limit MCM Million Cubic Metre MMW Man-made Wetland Accelerated Development of Minor Irrigation (ADMI) Project iii Environmental Assessment MCM Million Cubic Metre MRL Maximum Residual Limit NGO Non Governmental Organisation NAQMP National Air Quality Monitoring Programme OL Ox-bow Lake PMGSY Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana REA Rapid Environmental Assessment SAR Sodium Absorption Ratio SG Sacred Grove SNA State Nodal Agency SPCB State Pollution Control Board SPMU State Project Management Unit SPV Solar Photo Voltaic SWID State Water Investigation Directorate TC Total Coliform TOR Terms of Reference TSS Total Suspended Solids WBPCB West Bengal Pollution Control Board WHO World Health Organisation WRIDD Water Resources Investigation and Development Department WUA Water Users Association Accelerated Development of Minor Irrigation (ADMI) Project iv Environmental Assessment C O N T E N T S ACRONYMS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CHAPTER 1 - Introduction 1.0 Background of the Study 1.1 Objectives 1.2 Study Area CHAPTER 2 - Methodology 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Scope of Activities 2.3 Building up environment and irrigation baseline 2.4 Stakeholder Consultation 2.5 Examination of Water & Soil Quality 2.6 Environmental Screening of subprojects 2.7 Preparation of limited EA 2.8 Preparation of Generic Environmental Management Plan 2.9 Preparation of Environmental Management Framework 2.10 Preparation of Environmental Codes of Practice 2.11 Implementation framework 2.12 Capacity Building & Training 2.13 Pesticide Management CHAPTER 3 - Environmental Setting 3.1 Geology 3.2 Soils 3.3 Climate 3.4 Land Use 3.5 Drainage 3.6 Surface Water 3.7 Ground Water Resources 3.8 Ground Water Quality 3.9 Wildlife and Biodiversity 3.10 Wetlands 3.11 Sacred Groves 3.12 Archaeological monument/historical sites in West Bengal CHAPTER 4 - Irrigation Resource Baseline Accelerated Development of Minor Irrigation (ADMI) Project v Environmental Assessment 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Minor Irrigation Status 4.3 Water Resources of the State 4.4 Ground Water availability in Districts 4.5 Ground Water aquifers and their yield 4.6 Agriculture Water Demand CHAPTER 5 - Country / State Policy and Regulatory framework 5.1 National Policies 5.2 State Policy 5.3 Regulatory Framework 5.4 National Standards 5.5 Operation policies & Directives of the World Bank CHAPTER 6 - Stakeholder Consultation 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Preliminary State Level Stakeholder Consultation 6.3 Stakeholder Consultation in sample blocks 6.4 Issues raised by Stakeholders during site consultation CHAPTER 7 - Screening Criteria for Sub-projects 7.1 Need for defining screening criteria 7.2 Selection of Criteria 7.3 Selected Criteria 7.4 Scales & Scoring 7.5 Exclusion Criteria 7.6 Standards Considered in developing criteria CHAPTER 8 - Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Anticipated Impacts 8.3 Mitigation Measures 8.4 Environmental Codes of Practice 8.5 Terms of Reference for limited EA CHAPTER 9 - Energy Use in Minor Irrigation, Irrigation Water Management & Capacity Building 9.1 Energy Use in Irrigation Accelerated Development of Minor Irrigation (ADMI) Project vi Environmental Assessment 9.2 Alternative Energy Sources for water pumping in minor irrigation schemes 9.3 Irrigation Water Management Issues 9.4 Capacity Building and Training CHAPTER 10 - Implementation Arrangements, Monitoring of Water Quality & Information Dissemination 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Steering Committees 10.3 Implementation 10.4 Water Quality and Water Level Monitoring 10.5 Recommendation on Monitoring and dissemination CHAPTER 11 - Dam Safety Plan 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Types proposed under ADMI 11.3 Classification of dams/embankments by height classes 11.4 Safety considerations in design of mass concrete/stone boulder dams 11.5 Design of earthen embankments 11.6 Designing and checks 11.7 Quality control in construction stage 11.8 Responsibility for quality control during construction phase 11.9 Certification for payments 11.10 Inspection of dams and Checklist for Inspection Report CHAPTER 12 - Projects on International Waterways 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Details of projects proposed under ADMI 12.3 Surface water in basins/sub-basins having International Waterways 12.4 Water requirement for proposed surface water schemes 12.5 Assessment of requirement of ground water 12.6 Status of ground water in West Bengal and scope for future development beyond March,2010 12.7 Requirement vis-à-vis availability 12.8 Observations of the World Bank on abstraction of surface water from international waterways 12.9 Suggested Mitigation Measures CHAPTER 13- Pesticide Management 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Project area for study Accelerated Development of Minor Irrigation (ADMI) Project vii Environmental Assessment 13.3 Objective of the study 13.4 Methodology 13.5 Observation and Analysis of data 13.6 Chemical pesticides used in the State 13.7 Additional area under ADMI 13.8 Pesticide management programme including IPM of the State Agriculture Department 13.9 Strategies, Action plan and recommendations for ADMI CHAPTER 14 - Environmental Budget 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Cost Estimates Accelerated Development of Minor Irrigation (ADMI) Project viii Environmental Assessment LIST OF ANNEXURES Annexure - I - Map of West Bengal showing Environmental Features Annexure – II - Sample Blocks Annexure – III - Map of West Bengal Soils Annexure – IV - Ground Water Availability in Pilot Districts Annexure – V - Ground Water Availability in non-pilot districts Annexure – VI - Arsenic Contamination Maps of Districts Annexure – VII - Details of Wetlands more than 10 ha Annexure – VIII - Environmental Codes of Practice Annexure – IX - Terms of Reference for Limited EA Annexure – X - Environmental Survey Report of Sample Blocks Annexure – XI - Stakeholder Consultation Annexure – XII - Primary & Secondary Water Quality Data Annexure – XIII - Primary & Secondary Soil Quality Data Annexure – XIV - EMP Master Table Accelerated Development of Minor Irrigation (ADMI) Project ix Environmental Assessment ACCELERATED DEVELOPMENT OF MINOR IRRIGATION (A.D.M.I) PROJECT IN WEST BENGAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESMENT (;(&87,9(6800$5< 1. Background: The program of the ‘Accelerated Development of Minor Irrigation‘ of the State Government of West Bengal specifically aims at developing and or rehabilitating community-based minor irrigation systems on sound techno-economic, environmental and social principles. The execution of the program stresses on the strategy of conjunctive use of surface and ground water relying on the principles of equitable distribution of water keeping in view, in particular, the socially and economically disadvantaged groups amongst farming communities in project influence areas. The State Government is aware that in absence of the opportunities of extending lands under agriculture, the productivity in agriculture can be augmented and sustained only through providing input of assured irrigation to lands under cultivation with the requisite provision of support services for intensification and diversification of agricultural systems and adoption of improved post-harvest technologies, purposeful and effective advisory services coupled with a higher degree of market integration. Through the execution of this program, the cropping intensity has been proposed to be raised to the level of 200% on an average in 6 agro-climatic regions of the state, which currently is at the level of 180%. However the State Government feels that the sustainability of these minor irrigation schemes will largely depend on institutionalizing participatory irrigation management taking into account the specifics of traditions, socio-cultural parameters of farmers and water user associations in different agro-ecological regions of the State. 2. Project Location: The project intends to bring in 63,555ha of land under surface water irrigation (through a total of 2395 minor surface