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Utvikling Av Lokale Foretak I Oljesektoren I Aserbajdsjan

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Utvikling Av Lokale Foretak I Oljesektoren I Aserbajdsjan Utvikling av lokale foretak i oljesektoren i Aserbajdsjan Hilde Solli Hovedoppgave i samfunnsgeografi Institutt for sosiologi og samfunnsgeografi Universitetet i Oslo februar 2005 Utvikling av lokale foretak i oljesektoren i Aserbajdsjan Hilde Solli Hovedoppgave i samfunnsgeografi Institutt for sosiologi og samfunnsgeografi Universitetet i Oslo februar 2005 Forsidefoto, gamle oljetårn i området rundt Baku. Hilde Solli 2 Forord Jeg vil gjerne takke de som har bidratt med inspirasjon, hjelp og støtte i arbeidet med hovedoppgaven. Takk til veilederne mine Tone Haraldsen og Hege Knutsen. Tone har bidratt med å kreve teoretisk grundighet i startfasen. En spesiell takk til Hege som har hjulpet meg i sluttfasen med oppgaven og som har kommet med så mange konstruktive innspill. Jeg vil takke Pål Eitrheim og Jamila Gadijeva i Statoil Aserbajdsjan for god hjelp i planlegging av feltarbeidet og praktisk hjelp under oppholdet i Baku. Jeg vil også takke den norske ambassaden i Baku for hjelp og støtte. En spesiell takk til Thea som gjorde oppholdet mitt i Baku mye hyggeligere enn det ellers ville ha vært. Takk til Torleif og Tarana Nilsen for praktisk hjelp med blant annet bosetning i Baku. Takk til BP, BP Enterprisesenter, Business Development Alliance, Maritime Hydrolics, Eupec, McDermott, Janubsanayetikinti, MCG, REM Services og RISK Company for intervjuer og omvisning på verkstedsområder. Takk for at dere satt av tid til intervjuet og hjalp meg videre i prosessen. Takk til institutt for sosiologi og samfunnsgeografi for økonomisk støtte til feltarbeidet. Takk til kollokviegruppen min Anja, Yohan, Steinar og Camilla for at dere leste tidlige utkast av oppgaven min og for at dere har vært med å diskutere teoretiske tilnærminger. En spesiell takk til Anja som har fulgt meg videre i prosessen. Takk til dere som har lest, kommentert og rettet diverse utkast og hjulpet meg praktisk i innspurten: Audun, Heidi, Vidar, Marit, Randi, Lars, Camilla, Jenny og Inga Gudrun. Tusen takk til alle på samfunnsgeografi for at dere er så utrolig hyggelige å studere sammen med. Tusen takk til Einar for at du ble med til Baku. Takk for alt du har lest og takk for konstruktive tilbakemeldinger. Takk til Vemund for at du er så søt og sier da, da, og holder mammaen din i godt humør. Tusen takk! Hilde Solli Oslo 15.02.2005 3 Innhold Forord..................................................................................................................................................3 Innhold.................................................................................................................................................4 Figurer................................................................................................................................................. 6 Tabeller................................................................................................................................................6 Forkortelser.........................................................................................................................................7 1. Innledning....................................................................................................................................... 9 2. Bakgrunn.......................................................................................................................................15 2.1. Historie...................................................................................................................................15 2.2. Olje og økonomi.................................................................................................................... 16 2.3. BPs virksomhet...................................................................................................................... 17 Azeri-Chirag-Gunashli (ACG)...............................................................................................17 Shah Deniz............................................................................................................................. 18 2.4. Oppsummering.......................................................................................................................19 3. Teori...............................................................................................................................................21 3.1. Organisering av produksjon...................................................................................................21 Produksjonssystemer..............................................................................................................21 Makt....................................................................................................................................... 24 Makt og produksjonssystemer................................................................................................24 3.2. Kunnskap, læring og innovasjon............................................................................................25 Innovasjonssystem..................................................................................................................25 3.3. Nasjonale innovasjonssystemer............................................................................................. 28 Transformasjon.......................................................................................................................30 Mottaker- og deltakerkompetanse.......................................................................................... 31 3.5. Ulike teoretiske begreper i studien.........................................................................................32 3.6. Oppsummering.......................................................................................................................33 4. Metode........................................................................................................................................... 35 4.1. Vitenskapsteoretisk grunnlag.................................................................................................35 4.2. Valg av forskningsdesign.......................................................................................................36 Casestudie...............................................................................................................................36 Styrker og svakheter ved forskningsdesignet......................................................................... 37 Troverdighet og bekreftbarhet................................................................................................38 4.3. Innhenting av empiri.............................................................................................................. 39 Forhåndsinnhenting av informasjon.......................................................................................39 Dokumentanalyse og kvalitative intervjuer............................................................................39 4.4. Erfaringer fra felt................................................................................................................... 40 Valg av informanter................................................................................................................40 Betydningen av språk i intervjusituasjonen............................................................................41 Relasjoner i intervjusituasjonen............................................................................................. 42 Dagbok................................................................................................................................... 43 Transkribering........................................................................................................................ 43 4.5. Analyse...................................................................................................................................44 4.6. Etikk ......................................................................................................................................44 4.7. Oppsummering.......................................................................................................................45 4 5. Hvordan kan aserbajdsjanske myndigheter fremme konkurransedyktighet hos sine leverandører?....................................................................................................................................47 5.1. Krav som er stilt i produksjonsdelingsavtalen/andre forventninger...................................... 47 5.2. Transformasjon...................................................................................................................... 49 Oppsummering ...................................................................................................................... 51 5.3. Institusjonell kapasitet og offentlig mottakerkompetanse..................................................... 52 Bankvesen.............................................................................................................................. 52 Universitetene.........................................................................................................................53 Korrupsjon..............................................................................................................................55 Nasjonalt innovasjonssystem, mottaker- og deltakerkompetanse.......................................... 57 5.4. Oppsummering.......................................................................................................................58
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