Decision Document: Sellafield Ltd and Sellafield Site
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Cover image: Courtesey of EDF Energy — www.edfenergy.com/energy CONTENTS... 1 AT A GLANCE... 2 A BRIEF HISTORY OF NUCLEAR ENERGY... 4 BENEFITS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY... 5 WHAT THE PUBLIC THINK... 6 HOW NUCLEAR CREATES ENERGY... 7 HOW A REACTOR WORKS... 8 THE NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE... 9 MANAGING WASTE... 10 RADIATION EXPLAINED... 12 NUCLEAR AROUND THE WORLD... 14 UK NUCLEAR SITES... 16 NUCLEAR NEW BUILD... 17 NEW BUILD IN NUMBERS... 18 LOOKING TO THE FUTURE... 19 DECOMMISSIONING... 20 CAREERS IN NUCLEAR... 21 FUTHER INFORMATION... AT A GLANCE... Nuclear is a major part of our energy mix. Today it accounts for 21% of electricity generated in the UK and has been providing secure low carbon electricity for over 60 years. Low carbon energy, including There are 15 nuclear power and renewables, nuclear power account for almost 51% of the reactors operating UK’s generation electricity mix across eight sites in the UK In 2016 nuclear energy avoided 22.7 million metric tonnes of CO2 emissions in the UK BEIS,Digest of UK Energy Statistics 2018 That’s equivalent to taking around a third of all cars in the UK off the road Civil nuclear contributes over £6 billion to the jobs in the UK civil nuclear sector UK economy as much as aerospace manufacturing 12,159 Women in civil nuclear 1,981 People on apprenticeships Three quarters of the public 914 believe nuclear should be part People on graduate schemes of the clean energy mix Jobs Map figures generated from participating NIA members 1 This simple timeline charts some of the key people, events and legislation A BRIEF HISTORY OF NUCLEAR ENERGY.. -
小型飛翔体/海外 [Format 2] Technical Catalog Category
小型飛翔体/海外 [Format 2] Technical Catalog Category Airborne contamination sensor Title Depth Evaluation of Entrained Products (DEEP) Proposed by Create Technologies Ltd & Costain Group PLC 1.DEEP is a sensor analysis software for analysing contamination. DEEP can distinguish between surface contamination and internal / absorbed contamination. The software measures contamination depth by analysing distortions in the gamma spectrum. The method can be applied to data gathered using any spectrometer. Because DEEP provides a means of discriminating surface contamination from other radiation sources, DEEP can be used to provide an estimate of surface contamination without physical sampling. DEEP is a real-time method which enables the user to generate a large number of rapid contamination assessments- this data is complementary to physical samples, providing a sound basis for extrapolation from point samples. It also helps identify anomalies enabling targeted sampling startegies. DEEP is compatible with small airborne spectrometer/ processor combinations, such as that proposed by the ARM-U project – please refer to the ARM-U proposal for more details of the air vehicle. Figure 1: DEEP system core components are small, light, low power and can be integrated via USB, serial or Ethernet interfaces. 小型飛翔体/海外 Figure 2: DEEP prototype software 2.Past experience (plants in Japan, overseas plant, applications in other industries, etc) Create technologies is a specialist R&D firm with a focus on imaging and sensing in the nuclear industry. Createc has developed and delivered several novel nuclear technologies, including the N-Visage gamma camera system. Costainis a leading UK construction and civil engineering firm with almost 150 years of history. -
The Economics of the Green Investment Bank: Costs and Benefits, Rationale and Value for Money
The economics of the Green Investment Bank: costs and benefits, rationale and value for money Report prepared for The Department for Business, Innovation & Skills Final report October 2011 The economics of the Green Investment Bank: cost and benefits, rationale and value for money 2 Acknowledgements This report was commissioned by the Department of Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS). Vivid Economics would like to thank BIS staff for their practical support in the review of outputs throughout this project. We would like to thank McKinsey and Deloitte for their valuable assistance in delivering this project from start to finish. In addition, we would like to thank the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC), the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), the Committee on Climate Change (CCC), the Carbon Trust and Sustainable Development Capital LLP (SDCL), for their valuable support and advice at various stages of the research. We are grateful to the many individuals in the financial sector and the energy, waste, water, transport and environmental industries for sharing their insights with us. The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors and not those of BIS or any other party, and the authors take responsibility for any errors or omissions. An appropriate citation for this report is: Vivid Economics in association with McKinsey & Co, The economics of the Green Investment Bank: costs and benefits, rationale and value for money, report prepared for The Department for Business, Innovation & Skills, October 2011 The economics of the Green Investment Bank: cost and benefits, rationale and value for money 3 Executive Summary The UK Government is committed to achieving the transition to a green economy and delivering long-term sustainable growth. -
Labour's Zero-Based Review
Labour’s Zero-Based Review Interim Report Number 15: Department for Energy and Climate Change Labour’s Zero-Based Review Interim Report No.15 DEPARTMENT FOR ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE FOREWORD The leader of the Labour Party, Ed Miliband, and the Shadow ChanCellor, Ed Balls, have made Clear that departmental budgets will be cut not only in 2015-16, but each year until we have achieved our promise to balanCe the books. Across every part of the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC), we need to take a tighter approach to finanCial management of taxpayers’ money, and reform the framework within which the energy market operates so that it is fair for bill payers. Under the Tory’s failing plan, energy bills have risen, and energy Companies have failed to pass on falling wholesale Costs. Record numbers of families with children Cannot afford to heat their homes. Investors face unCertainty and indeCision about the future of our energy system. And the mismanagement of taxpayers’ money, such as through the Government’s poor-value Green Deal Home Improvement Fund, and the NuClear Decommissioning Authority’s budget, have seen tens of millions of pounds wasted. Britain needs a government that will stand up to the energy Companies to deliver fairer prices and a better deal for bill payers. A government that is serious about tackling the sCandal of fuel poverty and cold homes. And a government that is putting in place the vital reforms neCessary for investment in the low Carbon future of our energy system, and to deliver value for money for the taxpayer. -
The Performance of the Department of Energy & Climate Change 2012-13
DEPARTMENTAL OVERVIEW The performance of the Department of Energy & Climate Change 2012-13 NOVEMBER 2013 Our vision is to help the nation spend wisely. Our public audit perspective helps Parliament hold government to account and improve public services. The National Audit Office scrutinises public spending for Parliament and is independent of government. The Comptroller and Auditor General (C&AG), Amyas Morse, is an Officer of the House of Commons and leads the NAO, which employs some 860 staff. The C&AG certifies the accounts of all government departments and many other public sector bodies. He has statutory authority to examine and report to Parliament on whether departments and the bodies they fund have used their resources efficiently, effectively, and with economy. Our studies evaluate the value for money of public spending, nationally and locally. Our recommendations and reports on good practice help government improve public services, and our work led to audited savings of almost £1.2 billion in 2012. Contents Introduction Aim and scope of this briefing 4 Part One About the Department 5 Part Two Recent NAO work on the Department 24 Appendix One The Department’s sponsored bodies at 1 April 2013 29 Appendix Two Results of the Civil Service People Survey 2012 30 Appendix Three Publications by the NAO on the Department since April 2011 32 Appendix Four Cross-government reports of relevance to the Department since April 2011 34 Links to external websites were valid at the time of publication of this report. The National Audit Office is not responsible for the future validity of the links. -
Sellafield What to Do in a Radiation Emergency Booklet
WHAT TO DO IN AN Emergency At Sellafield This information is prepared for everyone within the Detailed Emergency Planning Zone and the Inner Emergency Planning Zone for the Sellafield Site. EMERGENCY INFORMATION Listen to local radio. Monitor social media platforms. Dial the Sellafield Emergency Information Line on 29th September 2021 It is important that you study this booklet carefully and keep it in a safe and prominent place. WHAT TO DO IN AN EMERGENCY Introduction • This booklet gives advice on what to do in the event of an emergency at the Sellafield Site. • Sellafield is Europe’s largest single nuclear site and stores and handles industrial size quantities of radioactive material. Although unlikely, an emergency could occur involving material being stored and processed on the Site. In addition, Sellafield also holds a large inventory of other hazardous substances and again although unlikely an emergency could occur involving the chemicals being utilised on the Site. • It must be stressed that the possibility of such emergencies occurring is remote and that the design and operation of all plants on the site are independently monitored by the Office for Nuclear Regulation (ONR), Health and Safety Executive (HSE) and Environment Agency (EA). • Current assessments of the radiological hazards indicate that areas between 6.1km & 8km from the centre of the Sellafield Site could be the most likely areas to be directly affected during and following a radiation emergency, this area is referred to as the Detailed Emergency Planning Zone (DEPZ). To see its geographical extent please see map A (pg13) & C (pg20). • In addition, other assessments of the chemical hazards indicate that an area up to 2km from the centre of the Sellafield Site could be the most likely area to be directly affected during and following a chemical emergency, this area is referred to as the Inner Emergency Planning Zone (IEPZ). -
Tyndall Centre Briefing Note 40
Review of the Fourth Carbon Budget - Call for Evidence www.theccc.org.uk/call-for-evidence Question and Response form When responding please provide answers that are as specific and evidence-based as possible, providing data and references to the extent possible. Please limit your response to a maximum of 400 words per question. Questions for consideration: A. Climate Science and International Circumstances The Committee’s advice assumes a climate objective to limit central estimates of temperature rise to as close to 2C as possible, with a very low chance of exceeding 4C by 2100 (henceforth referred to as “the climate objective”). This is broadly similar to the UNFCCC climate objective, and that of the EU. In order to achieve this objective, global emissions would have to peak in the next few years, before decreasing to roughly half of recent levels by 2050 and falling further thereafter. The UNFCCC is working toward a global deal consistent with such reductions, to be agreed by 2015. Earlier attempts (e.g. at Copenhagen in 2009, before the fourth budget was recommended or legislated) have failed to achieve a comprehensive global deal to limit emissions. It is difficult to imagine a global deal which allows developed countries to have emissions per capita in 2050 which are significantly above a sustainable global average, implying the need for emissions reductions in the UK of at least 80% from 1990 levels by 2050. The EU has not yet agreed a package beyond 2020, but the European Commission is consulting on a range of issues relating to development of climate and energy targets for 2030. -
International Conference on Nuclear Criticality Safety
OFFICIAL PROGRAMPREVIEW International Conference on Nuclear Criticality Safety International Cooperation Hosted by the Nuclear Criticality Safety Division of the American Nuclear Society Co-Sponsored by NEA Photo by Randy Montoya/SandiaPhoto Randy by Laboratories National September 13-17, 2015 Omni Charlotte Hotel Charlotte, NC 2015 International Conference on Nuclear Criticality Safety Our most sincere thanks to the following contributors for their support Gold Level Silver Level Bronze Level Other Table of Contents General Meeting Information Conference Officials 4 Schedule at a Glance 5 Daily Schedule 6-7 General Information 8 Plenary and Special Sessions Welcome Reception 9 Opening Plenary 9 Reception at the Mint Museum 9 ICNC Poster Session and Reception 10 Banquet Dinner at Founders Hall 10 ICNC Workshop 10 V.C. Summer Nuclear AP1000® Nuclear Plant 10 International Cooperation Construction Tour Columbia Fuel Fabrication Facility Plant Tour 10 Technical Sessions Technical Sessions by Day: Monday 11-12 Technical Sessions by Day: Tuesday 13-16 Technical Sessions by Day: Wednesday 17-20 Technical Sessions by Day: Thursday 21-22 Additional Hotel Map 23 www.ans.org 2015 International Conference on Nuclear Criticality Safety: Official Program 3 Meeting Officials International Cooperation International Conference on Nuclear Criticality Safety Every 4 years the international nuclear criticality safety community gathers to discuss technical, operational, computational, and regulatory issues in the practice of nuclear criticality safety. ICNC 2015 (International Conference on Nuclear Criticality) allows specialists from around the globe to come together to discuss, analyze and study the latest developments in the area of nuclear criticality safety. This is a unique opportunity to exchange ideas with industry experts, leaders, colleagues and peers. -
The Nuclear Decommissioning Authority Progress with Reducing Risk at Sellafield
A picture of the National Audit Office logo Report by the Comptroller and Auditor General The Nuclear Decommissioning Authority The Nuclear Decommissioning Authority: progress with reducing risk at Sellafield HC 1126 SESSION 2017–2019 20 JUNE 2018 Our vision is to help the nation spend wisely. Our public audit perspective helps Parliament hold government to account and improve public services. The National Audit Office scrutinises public spending for Parliament and is independent of government. The Comptroller and Auditor General (C&AG), Sir Amyas Morse KCB, is an Officer of the House of Commons and leads the NAO. The C&AG certifies the accounts of all government departments and many other public sector bodies. He has statutory authority to examine and report to Parliament on whether departments and the bodies they fund, nationally and locally, have used their resources efficiently, effectively, and with economy. The C&AG does this through a range of outputs including value-for-money reports on matters of public interest; investigations to establish the underlying facts in circumstances where concerns have been raised by others or observed through our wider work; landscape reviews to aid transparency; and good-practice guides. Our work ensures that those responsible for the use of public money are held to account and helps government to improve public services, leading to audited savings of £734 million in 2016. The Nuclear Decommissioning Authority The Nuclear Decommissioning Authority: progress with reducing risk at Sellafield Report by the Comptroller and Auditor General Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed on 18 June 2018 This report has been prepared under Section 6 of the National Audit Act 1983 for presentation to the House of Commons in accordance with Section 9 of the Act Sir Amyas Morse KCB Comptroller and Auditor General National Audit Office 15 June 2018 HC 1126 | £10.00 This report examines the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority’s progress with reducing risk and hazard at its largest and most hazardous site, Sellafield. -
Movement of Radioactive Material Sellafield Site
Proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on the Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Materials PATRAM 2016 September 18-23, 2016, Kobe, Japan Paper No. 3034 Movement of Radioactive Material Sellafield Site Maz Hussain Sellafield Ltd., United Kingdom. Abstract Background The UK nuclear decommissioning priority is to reduce risk and hazard and to deliver the clean-up mission cost effectively. This is particularly relevant at Sellafield where the Legacy Ponds and Silos pose the most significant challenges. The availability of safe packaging for the movement and storage on the Sellafield site is a key enabler to meet the NDA mission for safe interim storage ahead of its subsequent treatment, packaging and final storage to a Geologic Disposal Facility (GDF). There are a significant number of packages and package design types operating on the Sellafield site. Some packages are licensed to the IAEA regulations for safe transport and others comply only with the Sellafield site specific requirements. Introduction Packages to and from the Sellafield site need to comply with the IAEA regulations for safe transport and must meet the Sellafield site requirements. However, the IAEA regulations do not apply to packages within a licensed site. For on-site safe package operations compliance is required against Sellafield site specific procedures, standards and guidance. Package Management System There are a significant number and types of package transfers routinely undertaken safely on the Sellafield site. The packages range from small (18Kg) hand held sample castles to large complex (100Te) packages some with in-built gamma gates, mechanical interlocks and hoisting drive mechanisms. The Sellafield Package Management System (SPMS) efficiently manages package operations and includes for asset register, package tracking, operational history and maintenance. -
Onr Corporate Plan 2017/18 En Route to 2020
ONR CORPORATE PLAN 2017/18 EN ROUTE TO 2020 Office for Nuclear Regulation Corporate Plan 2017/18 Financial year 1 April 2017 to 31 March 2018 Presented to Parliament pursuant to Paragraphs 23 and 25(3) of Schedule 7 to the Energy Act 2013 July 2017 © ONR copyright 2017 The text of this document (this excludes, where present, the Royal Arms and all departmental or agency logos) may be reproduced free of charge in any format or medium provided that it is reproduced accurately and not in a misleading context. The material must be acknowledged as ONR copyright and the document title specified. Where third party material has been identified, permission from the respective copyright holder must be sought. Any enquiries related to this publication should be sent to us at [email protected] This publication is available at https://www.gov.uk/government/publications Print ISBN 9781474145695 Web ISBN 9781474145701 ID P002881793 06/17 Printed on paper containing 75% recycled fibre content minimum Printed in the UK for Williams Lea Group on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office CONTENTS 1. Foreword .........................................................................................................1 2. About this plan ..............................................................................................3 3. Our Operating Environment .........................................................................9 4. Our Strategic Themes and Key Activities ....................................................15 Influencing improvements -
CLITHEROE ROAD, WHALLEY Utilities Study Commercial Estates Group 31/01/2013 Revised: 08/02/2013
CLITHEROE ROAD, WHALLEY Utilities Study Commercial Estates Group 31/01/2013 Revised: 08/02/2013 Quality Management Issue/revision Issue 1 Revision 1 Revision 2 Revision 3 Remarks DRAFT DRAFT Date 31/01/2013 08/02/2013 Prepared by C Scott C Scott Signature Checked by C Cozens C Cozens Signature Authorised by C Cozens C Cozens Signature Project number 50600485 50600485 File reference S:\50600485 - Clitheroe Road, S:\50600485 - Clitheroe Whalley\C Road, Whalley\C Documents\Reports\Working\ Documents\Reports\Working 2013 Utilities Study \2013 Utilities Study S:\50600485 - Clitheroe Road, Whalley\C Documents\Reports\Working\2013 Utilities Study Project number: 50600485 Dated: 31/01/2013 2 Revised: 08/02/2013 CLITHEROE ROAD, WHALLEY Utilities Study 31/01/2013 Client Commercial Estates Group Consultant WSP UK Limited Three White Rose Office Park Leeds LS11 0DL UK Tel: +44 (0)11 3395 6200 Fax: +44 (0)11 3395 6201 www.wspgroup.co.uk Registered Address WSP UK Limited 01383511 WSP House, 70 Chancery Lane, London, WC2A 1AF 3 Table of Contents Executive Summary........................................................................... 5 1 Introduction ............................................................................... 6 2 Existing Site .............................................................................. 7 3 Water Supply ............................................................................ 8 4 Gas Supply ............................................................................. 13 5 Electricity Supply ....................................................................