COUNTING EXECUTIONS 06.07.2017

COUNTING EXECUTIONS

DATA ANALYSIS BY JUSTICE PROJECT

In December 2014, Pakistan lifted a de facto moratorium on the death penalty. From then until May 2017, Pakistan has executed 465 people at an average of 3.5 executions per week.

REGIONAL BREAKDOWN TYPES OF COURTS BY REGION Individuals can be sentenced to death through Anti-Terrorism Courts (ATCs), Military Courts, or District and Sessions Courts. Only ATCs and Military Courts have jurisdiction over terrorism related charges.

78 percent of people executed in were sentenced by ATCs, 43 percent in Balochistan, 14

percent in Punjab, and 0 percent in Khyber- Pakhtunkhwa.

Executions by Court Type Despite making up less than half ATC of Pakistan’s population, Punjab Military Courts District and Sessions Courts accounts for 83 percent of the Unreported executions and 89 percent of 100% death sentences in Pakistan. 90% Executions by Province Punjab 80% Sindh (Dec 2014 - May 2017) 70% 1% 1% 4% Balochistan 60% Azad Kashmir 7% 50% 4% Unreported 40% Death Sentences by Province Percentage Executed (Jan 2004 - Jan 2017) 30% 83% 2% 20% 6% 3% 10% 0% PUNJAB SINDH KP BALOCHISTAN 89%

JUSTICE PROJECT PAKISTAN 1

COUNTING EXECUTIONS 06.07.2017

EXECUTIONS AND CRIME PUNJAB VS. SINDH

Punjab has sentenced to death 7 times as many Number of Executions by City and Court prisoners per person and executed 13 times as many Type

prisoners per person as Sindh. ATC Military Courts

District and Sessions Courts Punjab has sentenced to death 56 people per million

in population, and Sindh 8 people per million. Punjab Unreported

has executed 42 people per 10 million, and Sindh 3 LARKANA

Executions people per 10 million. PESHAWAR in Sindh

LOWER DIR Number of Prisoners HYDERABAD MIRPUR Sentenced to Death

6000 SUKKUR TOBA TEK SINGH 5000 KASUR

4000 JHELUM HARIPUR 3000

VEHARI

2000 JHANG Sentenced to Death KARACHI CITY 1000

DERA GHAZI KHAN

0 GUJRANWALA

Punjab Sindh SARGODHA

Number of Prisoners GUJRAT Executions

MIANWALI in Punjab Executed ATTOCK 400

SIALKOT

300 KOHAT

MULTAN

200 BAHAWALPUR SAHIWAL Executions

RAWALPINDI 100 0 Punjab Sindh 0 20 40 60

Executions

EXECUTIONS HAVE NOT MADE PUNJAB SAFER

Punjab’s decline in murders has been at a slower pace than the % Change in 2014-15 2015-16 rest of the country overall. Since the moratorium was lifted, Sindh Reported Murders has contributed most to the decline in murders, despite having Punjab -25.72% -9.66% significantly fewer prisoners sentenced and only 18 executions Sindh -40.87% -24.23% compared to Punjab’s 382 executions. Pakistan -28.55% -10.23%

JUSTICE PROJECT PAKISTAN 2

COUNTING EXECUTIONS 06.07.2017

EXECUTIONS AND ATC 15% 20% Military Court TERRORISM District and Sessions Court 6% Unreported Executions by Court Type 2015 6% 18% 7% 300 250 59% 200 85% 150 2016 Executions 100 2017 50 69% 0 ATCs Military Criminal Unreported 7% Courts Courts 4% 4%

ATCs have accounted for only 16 percent of all executions. In 2015, 65 people tried by ATCs were executed. From January 2016 until May 2017, only 8 people tried by ATCs were executed. According to Terror on Death Row, out of the 800+ prisoners on death row in Pakistan who were tried as terrorists, as many as 88 percent had no link to any crime reasonably defined as “terrorism”.

THE POLITICS BEHIND PAKISTAN’S EXECUTIONS Increases in executions have occurred in the weeks following terrorist attacks in Punjab. From August 2016 to February 2017, when there were virtually no executions, there were no major terror attacks (with 5 or more deaths) in Punjab. In that same period, there were 6 major attacks in Balochistan, 5 in KP, and 1 in Sindh.

35 Number of Executions and Terrorist Incidents by Week in Punjab 30

25 Number of Executions 20 Terrorist incident in Punjab with at least 5 deaths 15

10

5

0 Weekly Data from January 2015-May2017 2015 YOUHANABAD 2015 SHUJA 2015 VEHARI CHOWK 27 LAHORE KHANZADA DEATH 10 24 ATTOCK 8 16 12 21 Dead 5 10 Dead 15 Dead 23 Injured 58 Injured 2 70 Injured 3 1 4 5 4 0 2 Attack 1 Week 2 Weeks 3 Weeks 4 Weeks Attack 1 Week 2 Weeks 3 Weeks Later Later Later Later Attack 1 Week 2 Weeks 3 Weeks 4 Weeks 5 Weeks Later Later Later Later Later Later Later Later

JUSTICE PROJECT PAKISTAN 3

COUNTING EXECUTIONS 06.07.2017

EXECUTIONS AND

OVERCROWDED JAILS The more overcrowding a jail experiences, EXECUTING TO MAKE ROOM IN CROWDED JAILS the more frequent the executions.

Among jails that hold condemned prisoners in Punjab, 25 For every 70 prisoners added to an out of 27 are holding prisoners beyond capacity. overpopulated jail, 1 prisoner is executed.* In Punjab, as the number of prisoners held beyond *at a 99 percent confidence level capacity increases, the number of prisoners executed increases (correlation=0.73). See Appendix for breakdown of jail data

Overpopulation and Executed Prisoners in Punjab Jails 60 Lahore Central Jail 2332 over capacity 54 executions

50

40

30

EXECUTED PRISONERS 20

10

0 -1,500 -1,000 -500 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 OVERPOPULATION

REFERENCES Justice Project Pakistan, Executions Data (May 2017). JUSTICE PROJECT PAKISTAN Human Rights Commission of Pakistan, Death Penalty Database (Jan. 2017). JPP is a legal action non- Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, Annual Statistical Report 2015. governmental organisation Government of Punjab, Population Statement of Jails (Mar. 2016). representing the most vulnerable Government of Sindh, Population Statement of Jails (Jul. 2015) Pakistani prisoners facing the South Asia Terrorism Portal, Terrorism Fatalities (May 2017). harshest punishments, including those facing the death Justice Project Pakistan & Reprieve, Terror on Death Row: The Abuse penalty, mentally ill prisoners, and victims of police and Overuse of Pakistan's Anti-Terrorism Legislation (Dec. 2014). torture. JPP investigates, litigates, and advocates strategically in courts of law and the court of public opinion. JUSTICE PROJECT PAKISTAN 4

COUNTING EXECUTIONS 06.07.2017

APPENDIX

BREAKDOWN OF JAIL DATA IN PUNJAB

Number of Prisoners Number Sentenced Jail Number Executed Over Capacity to Death Central Jail, Lahore 2332 424 54 Central Jail, 2720 392 45 Central Jail, Faisalabad 1828 395 40 Central Jail, Sahiwal 418 349 35 Central Jail, Bahawalpur 676 305 33 Central Jail, Multan 918 328 26 District Jail, Sialkot 1384 249 20 District Jail, Attock 487 130 18 Central Jail, 826 220 17 Central Jail, Gujranwala 1840 337 15 District Jail, Gujrat 938 118 14 District Jail, Sargodha 646 157 13 District Jail, Jhang 562 274 9 Cental Jail, D.G.Khan 174 185 9 District Jail, Vehari 125 105 9 District Jail, Faisalabad 760 13 7 District Jail, Kasur 572 203 6 District Jail, Jhelum 490 161 6 District Jail, T.T.Singh 92 101 6 District Jail, Sheikhupura 1063 314 0 District Jail, Multan 613 25 0 District Jail, Shahpur 521 144 0 District Jail, Bahawalpur 322 4 0 District Jail, R.Y.Khan 301 62 0 District Jail, M.B.Din 248 103 0 Women Jail, Multan -66 13 0 HSP Sahiwal -937 42 0

JUSTICE PROJECT PAKISTAN 5