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Casualty of War : the Governorship of Beriah Magoffin, 1859-1862

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Casualty of War : the Governorship of Beriah Magoffin, 1859-1862 University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 5-2005 Casualty of War : the governorship of Beriah Magoffin, 1859-1862. Robert William Goebel 1981- University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Recommended Citation Goebel, Robert William 1981-, "Casualty of War : the governorship of Beriah Magoffin, 1859-1862." (2005). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 506. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/506 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. "CASUALITY OF WAR": THE GOVERNORSHIP OF BERIAH MAGOFFIN, 1859 - 1862 By Robert W. Goebel B.A, Bellarmine University, 2003 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Louisville In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements F or the Degree of Master of Arts Department of History University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky May 2005 Casualty of War: The Governorship of Beriah Magoffin, 1859 - 1862 By Robert W. Goebel B.A., Bellannine University, 2003 A Thesis Approved on March 25, 2005 by the following Thesis Committee: Thesis Director ii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my family and friends for their loving support in my educational endeavors. 111 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my major professor, Dr. Thomas Mackey for his guidance and insights into a politician who at times frustrated me. I would also like to thank the other committee members, Dr. Benjamin Harrison and Dr. Jasmine Farrier for their insightful comments on Beriah Magoffin and presenting different ways to look at Kentucky's former governor. Finally, I would like thank my family for their patience and understanding during my long nights of writing and rewriting. IV ABSTRACT "CASUALITY OF WAR": THE GOVERNORSHIP OF BERIAH MAGOFFIN 1859 - 1862 Robert W. Goebel May 14, 2005 This thesis seeks to understand Beriah Magoffin as Governor of Kentucky. Adding to the work begun by Michael T. Dues and Lowell H. Harrison during the 1960s and 1970s, this thesis fleshes out a man little studied in history. It addresses several questions: Who was Governor Beriah Magoffin and what type of leader was he? Answering these questions, this thesis provides Magoffin as a mediocre leader who unsuccessfully tried to prevent civil war through compromise, neutrality, and obstruction. Moreover, MagotfIn was a complex man with complex principles that guided his actions and eventually ruined his governorship. MagotfIn believed in state's rights, majority rule, a strict construction of the Constitution, compromise, and the Union as it was. Over the course of the war, Magoffin held onto his principles without evolving. Unable to influence policy or the Unionist dominated General Assembly, Magoffin resigned as a political casualty of war. v T ABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................. , ....... .iv ABSTRACT ........................................................................................... v INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER ONE: Pro-Southernism and Compromise: Kentucky's Political Heritage ...... 7 CHAPTER TWO: Beriah Magoffin: Southern Democrat ..................................... 36 CHAP'fER THREE: Beriah Magoffin: Conditional Unionist and Unsuccessful Compromiser ................................................................................ 58 CHAPTER FOUR: Beriah Magoffin: Governor for a Failed Policy ......................... 78 CHAPTER FIVE: Beriah Magoffin: Obstructionist Governor of Kentucky ............... 106 CONCLUSION .................................................................................... 133 REFERENCES ............................... , ............... , .............. , ..................... 141 CURRICULUM VITAE ..... , .............. ' .............................................. " .... 149 VI INTRODUCTION The Kentucky Historical Society owns a portrait ofBeriah Magoffin, Governor of Kentucky from 1859 to 1862. The portrait depicts Magoffin as a middle-aged man; he was 44 at the time of his inauguration. The governor wore a traditional black suit, a white shirt, and black tie. He parted his brown hair to the right and possessed a slightly receding hair line. He wore his white-brown beard to the top of his chest. He possessed crow's feet around his eyes, rosy cheeks, and what appears to be a smile under his beard. At a certain angle, Magoffin resembles a younger version of Santa Claus. The artist captures Magoffin physically but did not mentally or emotionally. The picture conveys stature and importance of a public figure, but did little to convey Magoffin as a mental and emotional figure. Magoffin's portrait scratches the surface of Magof fin the person while leaving much to be desired. Historians over the past 150 years have attempted to unmask Magoffin. However, Magoffin has not left behind an insightful diary, or numerous personal letters to convey his innermost thoughts, hopes, and dreams. Instead, Magoffin has left a political legacy of addresses, vetoes, and gubernatorial correspondences that range from the mundane to the historically significant. In ] 872, William Allen provided the most insightful depiction ofMagoffin as a person than any other Kentucky historian. Allen who knew Magoffin as an acquaintance spoke of the governor as a good man, cordial and polite. Allen's Magoffin was "a gentleman of high distinction," "sociable, genial manners, and the center of attraction at 1 his levees." Allen's depiction fits Magoffin's portrait. The jolly Magoffin appears to be a man who could laugh jocundly, sociably entertain, and enjoy the company of friends. However, Allen's depiction of Magof fin offered little insight into Magoffin as a political leader. Instead, Allen focused on the man, the personal Magoffin rarely seen in other historical depictions of Magoffin. 1 The lack of personal materials has made it difficult for Allen's successors to follow in his footsteps. Instead, Allen's successors have focused on the political aspects of Magoffin. Allen's successors have depicted Magoffin as the governor who denied troops to the federal government after the Confederates bombarded Fort Sumter. Pro- Union historians depicted Magoffin as a closet-secessionist scheming behind every closed door to secede Kentucky from the Union. While at the same time, pro- Confederate historians depicted Magoffin as the poor governor wanting to fulfill the wishes of Kentuckians to secede but was thwarted every step of the way by the Unionist controlled General Assembly. Still other historians such as Nathaniel S. Shaler criticized Magoffin for being unqualified and undereducated for leading Kentucky during a time of crisis. Shaler remarked that Magoffin would have done a fine job if not for the Civil War. At best, Shaler's Magoffin was a mediocre politician.2 In E. Merton Coulter's The Civil War and Readjustment in Kentucky, Magoffin was a strong state's rights man who turned into a secessionist after Fort Sumter, willingly aided the Confederacy in recruitment of troops, and who had unconstitutionally been 1 William Allen. A Historv ofAentllckv (Louisville, KY: Bradley and Gilbert 1872), 105- 106. C Nathaniel S. Shaler,A PIOneer COl1llllonwealth (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1884), 233. See Elizabeth Shelby Kinkead, A History ojKentlicky (New York: American Book Co., 1896) and Cpt. Thomas Speed. The Union Calise in Aentlldy 1860-1865 (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1907) for a pro-Union interpretation of Magoffin. For a pro-Confederate interpretation of Magoffin see E. Polk Johnson. History ofAentuclty and Aentuckians (Chicago: The Lewis Publishing Co .. 1912). 2 stripped of his gubernatorial powers by the Unionist state legislature and denied the authority to protect Kentuckians' civil liberties. Coulter's Magoffin was a man who grew into a pro-Confederate supporter and a War Democrat. Coulter offered a complex treatment of Magoffin more so than Shaler's mediocre Magoffin. However, Coulter and Shaler wrote histories encompassing a large period of time and events other than Magoffin and his governorship. Coulter focused on Kentucky during the Civil War and Reconstruction period. Shaler's work focused on a complete history of Kentucky to the end of Reconstruction. Most depictions ofMagoffin and his governorship have been a small part of a larger work. Not until 1906 did Magoffin receive the treatment by a historian as the sole subject of a historical work. Jennie C. Morton wrote a short biography of Magof fin entitled, "Governor Beriah Magoffin," for The Register (!f the Kentllcky Historical Society. Morton portrayed Magoffin as a hero who for a time kept Kentucky out of the Civil War. Morton's romantic depiction of Magoffin downplayed neutrality'S failure and Magoffin's own pro-Southern sympathies. True, Magoffin supported neutrality which temporarily kept Kentucky out of the war, but Magoffin also supported compromise and a sovereignty convention as solutions to the crises of 1860 and 1861. Morton went too far in referring
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