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Spoken Word and Social Practice Medieval and Renaissance Authors and Texts Spoken Word and Social Practice Medieval and Renaissance Authors and Texts Editor-in-Chief Francis G. Gentry (Emeritus Professor of German, Penn State University) Editorial Board Teodolinda Barolini (Columbia University) Cynthia Brown (University of California, Santa Barbara) Marina Brownlee (Princeton University) Keith Busby (University of Wisconsin-Madison) Craig Kallendorf (Texas A&M University) Alastair Minnis (Yale University) Brian Murdoch (Stirling University) Jan Ziolkowski (Harvard University) Volume 14 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/mrat Alexander Cowan, Reader in History (2 February 1949–30 November 2011) Spoken Word and Social Practice Orality in Europe (1400–1700) Edited by Thomas V. Cohen and Lesley K. Twomey LEIDEN | BOSTON Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Spoken word and social practice : orality in Europe (1400–1700) / Edited by Thomas V. Cohen and Lesley K. Twomey. pages cm. — (Medieval and renaissance; Volume 14) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-28868-3 (hardback : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-29182-9 (e-book) 1. Oral communication —Europe—Medieval, 500–1500. 2. Oral communication—Europe—Modern period, 1500–. 3. Social history—Medieval, 500–1500. 4. Social history—Modern period, 1500–. 5. Sociolinguistics— Europe—History—Medieval, 500–1500. 6. Sociolinguistics—Europe—History—Modern period, 1500–. 7. Speech acts (Linguistics)—Europe—History. 8. Europe—Intellectual life—History. 9. Europe—Social conditions—History. I. Cohen, Thomas V. (Thomas Vance), 1942– editor. II. Twomey, Lesley K., editor. P95.55.S63465 2015 302.2’242094—dc23 2015007832 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual ‘Brill’ typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, ipa, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 0925-7683 isbn 978-90-04-28868-3 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-29182-9 (e-book) Copyright 2015 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhofff, Brill Rodopi and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Contents Acknowledgements ix List of Figures x List of Contributors xi Life and Works of Alexander Francis Cowan xii Bibliography of Alexander Cowan xiV Introduction 1 Thomas V. Cohen and Lesley K. Twomey Witches’ Words 1 Oral Transfer of Ideas about Witchcraft in Seventeenth-Century Norway 47 Liv Helene Willumsen 2 St Helena and Love Magic: From the Spanish Inquisition to the Internet 84 Susana Gala Pellicer Words on Trial 3 The Power of the Spoken Word Depositions of the Imperial Chamber Court: Power, Resistance, and ‘Orality’ 115 Matthias Bähr 4 Tracking Conversation in the Italian Courts 139 Thomas V. Cohen Preaching the Word 5 Tears for Fears: Mission Preaching in Seventeenth-Century France – a D ouble Performance 185 Anne Régent-Susini vi contents 6 Powerful Words: St Vincent Ferrer’s Preaching and the Jews in Medieval Castile 206 Carolina Losada 7 ‘A Most Notable Spectacle’: Early Modern Easter Spital Sermons 228 Sonia Suman Word on the Street 8 Orality and Mutiny: Authority and Speech amongst the Seafarers of Early Modern London 253 Richard J. Blakemore 9 ‘A Blabbermouth Can Barely Control His Tongue’: Political Poems, Songs and Prophecies in the Low Countries (Fifteenth–Sixteenth Centuries) 280 Jan Dumolyn and Jelle Haemers 10 Proverbs and Princes in Post-Reformation England 300 Marcus Harmes and Gillian Colclough Gossip and Gossipers 11 The Meanings of Gossip in Sixteenth-Century Venice 321 Elizabeth Horodowich 12 Gossip and Social Standing in Celestina: Verbal Venom as Art 343 Joseph T. Snow Prayer, Teaching, and Religious Talk 13 Oral Rites: Prayer and Talk in Early Modern France 375 Virginia Reinburg 14 The Seducer’s Tongue: Oral and Moral Issues in Medieval Erotodidactic Schooltexts 393 Rosanna Cantavella Contents vii 15 Preaching God’s Word in a Late-medieval Valencian Convent: Isabel de Villena, Writer and Preacher 421 Lesley K. Twomey 16 Afterword 446 Michael J. Braddick Bibliography 463 Index 486 Acknowledgments This book is dedicated to the memory of Alex Cowan, scholar and friend, who was to have been co-editor of this volume. Dialogue has taken place with many contributing and reviewing scholars; they wrote of Norway’s winter snows, catching the northern lights, and dry Australian summers, and of far-flung beaches, rains, gardens, and babies born. For each of those precious words, and all other conversations, thank you. Special thanks go to Professor Nicholas Round for his critical support for the whole project. And thanks (from Lesley) go in particular to Professor Tom Cohen for step- ping in following Alex’s untimely illness for enabling this project to go ahead as fijirst conceived. Tom Cohen and Lesley Twomey List of Figures 0.1 Altarpiece, St Laurence, Valencia, Museo de Bellas Artes. Reproduced with permission. 33 1.1 Map of Scandinavia, Inger Bjerg Poulsen. 53 1.2 Map of East Finnmark, Tomas Willumsen Vassdal. 54 1.3 Court records of Maritte Thamisdatter, Makkaur, Finnmark (1634), selected part page, Regional State Archives of Tromsø, the Archives of Finnmark Regional Governor, no. 2543, Witchcraft Sentences. 61 1.4 Vardøhus castle. Watercolour, Hans H. Lilienskiold, Finnmark County Library. 69 1.5 Court records of the trial of Bodelle Danielsdatter, Vardøhus, Finnmark (1652), Regional State Archives of Tromsø, the Archives of Finnmark District Magistrate, no. 8, fol. 65v. 71 1.6 Domen Witch Mountain outside Vardø, Watercolour, Hans H. Lilienskiold, Finnmark County Library. 72 1.7 ‘About the Taxes’, Watercolour, Hans H. Lilienskiold, Finnmark County Library. 73 7.1 John Gipkyn, A Sermon at Paul’s Cross (1616), Society of Antiquaries. Reproduced with permission. 235 15.1 Woodcut of Isabel de Villena, Vita Christi de la Abbadessa del monestir de les monges de la Trinitat (Barcelona [Jorge Costilla], 1513), fol. 232v; Biblioteca Històrica, Universitat de València. Reproduced with permission. 430 List of Contributors Matthias Bähr, Technische Universität Dresden Richard J. Blakemore, University of Oxford Michael J. Braddick, University of Shefffijield Rosanna Cantavella, Universitat de València Thomas V. Cohen, York University, Toronto Gillian Colclough, Curtin University Jan Dumolyn, Ghent University Susana Gala Pellicer, Universidad de Alcalá Jelle Haemers, University of Leuven Marcus Harmes, University of Southern Queensland Elizabeth Horodowich, New Mexico State University Carolina Losada, Universidad de Buenos Aires Anne Régent-Susini, Université Paris III-Sorbonne Virginia Reinburg, Boston College Joseph T. Snow, Michigan State University, Emeritus Sonia Suman, University of Leicester Lesley K. Twomey, University of Northumbria Liv Helene Willumsen, University of Tromsø Life and Works of Alexander Francis Cowan Alex and one of us two editors worked together sharing ideas to develop a Medieval and Early Modern Research group at Northumbria University. Together we ran a series of mini conferences Speech into Text, Text and Textiles, and then Author and Authority. Together we wrote a British Academy bid to underpin the conference we planned. Together we ran the successful conference ‘Gossip, Gospel, Governance: Orality 1400–1700’ in July 2011, hosted by the British Academy, which laid the foundation for this book. Both he and I had prepared a ‘back-up paper’ just in case and, fortunately, Alex was the one who generously stepped in at the last minute and presented his paper: ‘Gender, magic, and gossip in early modern Venice and Bologna’. Both editors are thankful now that Alex gave his paper and there was a great deal of praise for his contribution. Those who knew him a lot and those who knew him a little were touched by his presence, commenting that Alex was a scholar of the ‘old school’ and even that he was the ‘nicest’ of scholars to meet at a con- ference. The conference took place short months before Alex became ill and before he died in November 2011, after a very brief period of illness. Alex was ‘born in Wilmslow, Cheshire, near Manchester, to a printer father from northwest England of Polish-Jewish ancestry and a mother who was a ref- ugee from Nazi Berlin. This combined British and European background con- tributed to his cosmopolitanism, urbanity and joie de vivre, and helped him to profijiciency by the age of 21 in four modern languages and the ability to read sixteenth-century German and Italian’.1 Alex attended the County Grammar School for Boys from 1960–67 and then went to read for BA (Hons) History in 1967 at Warwick University. He was awarded 2.1 in History in 1970 and, as part of his programme of study, he spent a period in Venice which began his lifelong love of the city. Alex went on to LSE to complete his PhD in 1976 under the supervision of Peter Earle with a thesis about comparison of the social and family strategies of early modern patriciates in Lübeck and Venice. It was later published as The Urban Patriciate: Lübeck and Venice, 1580–1700 and also as Venezia e Lubecca, 1580–1700. Alex joined Northumbria University (then Northumbria Polytechnic) in 1973 and rose to be Head of History and later Reader in History. After retiring in 2010, Alex became Visiting Fellow at Northumbria. He edited Parliaments, 1 Henry J. Cohn, ‘In memoriam Alexander Francis Cowan (1949–2011)’, Parliaments, Estates, and Representation, 32 (1) (2012): 1–2, at p.
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