Phase I Preliminary Risk Assessment

Atlantic View Crematorium, Poundstock, Bude

21 October 2020

Wheal Jane Consultancy

Old Mine Offices, Wheal Jane, Baldhu, Truro, Cornwall, TR3 6EE

01872 560200 www.wheal-jane-consultancy.co.uk [email protected]

SI20332PH1

Atlantic View Crematorium, Poundstock

DOCUMENT CONTROL SHEET

Client The Bazeley Partnership on behalf of Mr Howard Smith

Atlantic View Crematorium and Memorial Gardens, Project Title Coppathorne, Poundstock, EX23 0DD

Document Title Phase 1 Preliminary Risk Assessment

Document No. SI20332/PH1

Date Status Revision Prepared By Approved By

21 October 2020 Final - AB DJ

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CONTENTS FIGURES ...... iii TABLES ...... iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... iv 1 Introduction ...... 1 1.1 General ...... 1 1.2 Previous Reports ...... 1 1.3 Scope and Objectives ...... 1 1.4 Information Sources ...... 1 2 Phase I Assessment ...... 3 2.1 Site Location and Layout ...... 3 2.2 Surrounding Area ...... 3 2.3 Site Walkover Survey ...... 3 2.4 Proposed Development ...... 4 2.5 Site History ...... 4 2.6 Geological Setting ...... 7 2.7 Environmental Setting ...... 8 3 PRELIMINARY CONCEPTUAL MODEL ...... 12 3.1 Introduction ...... 12 3.2 Preliminary Conceptual Site Model ...... 12 3.3 Preliminary Conceptual Site Model Matrix ...... 15 4 Geotechnical Risk Assessment ...... 19 4.1 Introduction ...... 19 4.2 Groundwater ...... 20 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 21 5.1 Anticipated Ground Conditions...... 21 5.2 Geotechnical Considerations ...... 21 5.3 Conclusions ...... 21 5.4 Recommendations ...... 22 6 References ...... 23 7 Notes ...... 24

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FIGURES

Figure 2.1 Site Location Plan Figure 2.2 Site Layout Figure 2.3 Proposed Site Layout

TABLES

Table 2.1 Summary of Historical Site Usage Table 2.2 Overview of the Geological Setting Table 2.3 Overview of the Environmental Setting Table 3.1 Risk Classification Matrix Table 3.2 Summary of Statutory Definitions Relating to Pollutant Linkage Table 3.3 Identified Sources, Pathways and Receptors Table 3.4 Preliminary Conceptual Model Matrix Table 4.1 Overview of the Risks Posed by Unstable Ground

APPENDICES

Appendix A Site Photographs Appendix B Environmental Data Appendix C Historical Mapping Appendix D Unexploded Ordnance Risk Map Appendix E Mine Search

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Objectives

Wheal Jane Consultancy was commissioned by The Bazeley Partnership on behalf of Mr Howard Smith to undertake an environmental risk assessment for a proposed development. Site Setting

The site is currently occupied by agricultural fields, including a Current Use borehole located in the south-western section.

The site was part of three agricultural fields when the early Ordnance Survey maps were produced. The southern field was divided into two sections early in the 20th Century and then subsequently redefined as one parcel in the 1970s. A well was situated within the south-western section by the early 1970s. Historically a further spring and well was located just to the south. History

Early maps indicate a smithy was located to the south-east. The A39 was built during the 1980s and the site boundary ran parallel to the new road. A sewage pumping station was constructed to the east in the last decade. Further afield many camping and caravan sites have been developed.

Two geological faults are indicated on-site, one running across the southern section, trending south-west to north-east; the second running across the northern part, trending north-west to south-east.

The site possesses a very low RoFRaS Flood Rating (Risk of Flooding Controlled from Rivers and the Sea). Some standing water was observed Waters during the site walkover (precipitation within previous 24 hours).

The planned development is in an intermediate probability Radon Radon Affected Area, as between 1 and 3% of properties are estimated to be above the residential action level.

Conclusions

• The following potential pollutant linkages have been assessed: • Risk of ingress of radon gas has been assessed as Low. • Risk of contamination from natural geology (soils) has been assessed as Low. • Contamination risk from former farming activities has been identified as Low.

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• Contamination risk from a borehole on-site has been identified as Low. • Risk of contamination from a waste management business, sewage pumping station, slurry pit, major water pollution incident, former smithy, pumphouses, tanks and former commercial enterprises has been assessed as Low. • In the absence of a significant source of contamination, it can be concluded that this site is suitable for its intended future use and that no further investigation will be required. Recommendations

• It is recommended that a Site Investigation should be conducted to provide a geotechnical assessment covering the stability of the area around the former borehole. The feature should also be securely capped. It would also be prudent to assess the location of the former borehole to the south, to ensure that no risk was posed. The potential for the former borehole to provide a contamination pathway for any contaminated material unexpectedly encountered during construction should be considered in the Construction Environmental Management Plan. • As a precautionary measure basic radon protective measures are recommended for the proposed development in-line with BRE guidelines. • A copy of this report be submitted to the Local Authority for checking, prior to commissioning any further work which may be required. • In the event unexpected contamination is found during development, work should cease until the material can be identified and remediated appropriately. • All site workers should be equipped with the correct PPE and have undertaken suitable risk assessments, job safety and environmental analysis before work commences. • Waste material to be removed from site should be assessed for its content and handled by a suitably licensed waste contractor.

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1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 General

1.1.1 Wheal Jane Consultancy was commissioned by The Bazeley Partnership on behalf of Mr Howard Smith to undertake an environmental risk assessment at the site known as ‘Atlantic View Crematorium and Memorial Gardens, Coppathorne, Poundstock, EX23 0DD.’ Wheal Jane Consultancy was formally instructed to proceed via email on the 5th October 2020. 1.1.2 This report has been prepared by Wheal Jane Consultancy solely for the benefit of the client. It shall not be relied upon or transferred to any third party without the prior written authorisation of Wheal Jane Consultancy.

1.2 Previous Reports

1.2.1 No previous land contamination reports are known to have been commissioned for this site.

1.3 Scope and Objectives

1.3.1 The Objective of this Desk Study is to examine past and present site conditions to identify any potential risk of contamination or ground instability resulting from historical and contemporary site usage. Any recommendations for further works have been made as deemed appropriate, based upon the findings of the investigation. 1.3.2 This assessment has been undertaken with guidance from BS10175:201 and Environment Agency report CLR11, and as such represents a Phase 1 Desk Study / Qualitative Risk Assessment. 1.3.3 This report does not constitute an asbestos inspection that may fall within the ‘Control of Asbestos’ regulations, 2006. 1.3.4 The conclusions and recommendations of this report are valid for a period of 12 months from the date of issue. Outside of this time frame the report will require reviewing by a suitably qualified geoenvironmental engineer / environmental scientist, to ensure that the report complies with any changes to industry standards, policies and/or guidelines. 1.3.5 It is recommended that a copy of this report be submitted to the Local Authority for checking, prior to commissioning any further work which may be required.

1.4 Information Sources

1.4.1 This assessment has been based upon mapping and information obtained from a number of trusted third-party sources. Although we only use information from trusted sources, Wheal Jane Consultancy cannot accept any responsibility for any inaccuracy of third-party information. The sources used in this assessment are listed below: • Planning Application PA19/01632/PREAPP, on-site; PA16/0026140m east

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• Landmark Environmental Data dated 6th October 2020. • Historic mapping dated 6th October 2020. • Zetica Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) risk map. • BGS sheet 322, Boscastle, and sheet 323, Holsworthy, 1:50,000 • Cornwall Archaeological Unit Heritage Assessment and Geophysical Survey, ref. 2020R040, dated June 2020. • The Bazeley Partnership Design and Access Statement for New Crematorium Facility, ref. 18007, dated May 2019. • Wheal Jane Consultancy Archival Mining Search, ref. MS39159, dated 8th October 2020.

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2 PHASE I ASSESSMENT

2.1 Site Location and Layout

2.1.1 The site is located off the A39 approximately 5.3km south of Bude. The site is approximately centred on National Grid Reference SS 20930 00810. 2.1.2 The site is approximately rectangular in shape and covers an area of 5.8ha. 2.1.3 A site location plan (SLP) is contained in Figure 2.1, to the rear of the report. 2.1.4 The current site plan is contained in Figure 2.2, to the rear of the report (image supplied by The Bazeley Partnership).

2.2 Surrounding Area

Direction Land Use

North Agricultural land

East A39, a business and a sewage pumping station

South A minor road to Widemouth Bay, a dwelling and fields

West Agricultural land

2.3 Site Walkover Survey

2.3.1 Wheal Jane Consultancy conducted a site walkover survey on 9th October 2020. Photographs from the walkover survey are provided in Appendix A. 2.3.2 The site is comprised of three irregularly shaped fields arranged in a north-south orientation. 2.3.3 Each field is bordered by mature hedgerows, with the eastern boundary of each field defined by the A39 road. 2.3.4 The southern and middle field are accessed via field gates off the A39, while the northern field is only accessible from the middle field. 2.3.5 Topographically speaking the site slopes gently northwards, with changes in elevation of approximately 18m from south to north. 2.3.6 The site is laid to grass and appeared to be used for silage. At the time of the walkover survey the site was very soft underfoot with occasional areas of standing water. It should be noted that the walkover was undertaken during a period of inclement weather. 2.3.7 It was noted that hard-wearing geotextile had been laid at the intersection between fields, presumably to prevent excessive degradation of the topsoil during wet weather.

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2.4 Proposed Development

2.4.1 It is proposed to develop the site into a crematorium with memorial gardens. Further details are provided under Planning Application Number PA20/06683 and PA19/01632/PREAPP. 2.4.2 Detailed plans of the site are not currently available, although an outline was produced to support the Environmental Impact Assessment Scoping process.

2.5 Site History

2.5.1 Using a range of historical mapping sources, an overview of the findings relating to the site and its surroundings can be found below in Table 2.1. Table 2.1: Summary of Historical Site Usage

Source On Site Surroundings

A spring is noted just to the south of the boundary. A highway passes to the east of the site and another road runs to the south in an east-west Ordnance Survey direction. A small structure is located Plan in the east of the southern field, close The site is within three County Series to the road (off-site). Further springs agricultural fields. 1884-1885 are noted 90m north-east, 140m south-east. A smithy is 100m south- 1:2,500 east. A well is 350m north-east. A small stream is 50m east. Further streams are 170m north-west, 160m south and 190m east.

Ordnance Survey Plan Small quarries are noted 600m north County Series The site remains largely and 650m south-west. Wells are 490m unchanged. and 880m west. A spring issues from 1883-1884 the ground 520m west. 1:10,560

A well is located above the spring, Ordnance Survey just to the south of the boundary. Plan The southern field has Further wells are 90m north-east and County Series been divided into two 220m south-east. Widemouth 1906 sections. Plantation (woodland) is 220m west and Quinceborough Plantation is 1:2,500 260m north.

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Ordnance Survey Plan A well is 200m south-east. Pump The site remains largely County Series houses are 500m south and 480m unchanged. 1907 west. A small quarry is 850m south.

1:10,560

Ordnance Survey Plan Only part of the map is visible. County Series The site remains largely Rockville has been constructed on unchanged. the opposite side of the road to the 1932 south. 1:10,560

Ordnance Survey Plan

County Series The site remains largely The surrounding area Is largely unchanged. unchanged. 1933

1:2,500

Ordnance Survey Plan A pond has been constructed at The site remains largely County Series Quinceborough 260m north-north- unchanged. 1954 – 1956 west.

1:2,500

Ordnance Survey Plan

National Grid The site remains largely A telephone exchange is 600m north- unchanged. east. 1962 - 1964

1:10,000

Ordnance Survey The southern two fields Plan have now been National Grid amalgamated into one The surrounding area Is largely parcel. A well is unchanged. 1974 – 1979 situated in the south- 1:2,500 western section.

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Ordnance Survey Plan A39 has been constructed to the east Only part of the map is National Grid and the site is now bounded by the visible. 1989 road.

1:2,500

Ordnance Survey Plan

National Grid The site remains largely The surrounding area Is largely unchanged. unchanged. 1995

1:2,500

Ordnance Survey Camping and caravan sites are Plan 350m north-east, 400m south-west and 450m north-east, A sewage National Grid The site remains largely works is 950m south. A tank is 800m unchanged. 1999 – 2000 and west within a camping site. 2006 Widemouth Bay Holiday Village is 1:10,000 680m north-west.

Ordnance Survey A sewage pumping station is 50m Plan east. A further pumping station is The site remains largely National Grid 800m south-east. A sheep wash is unchanged. 2020 700m north-west. An electricity sub- station is 850m west-north-west. 1:10,000

2.5.2 The site was part of three agricultural fields when the early Ordnance Survey maps were produced. The southern field was divided into two sections early in the 20th Century and then subsequently redefined as one parcel in the 1970s. A well was situated within the south-western section by the early 1970s. Historically, a further spring and well was located just to the south. 2.5.3 Early maps indicate a smithy was located to the south-east. The A39 was built during the 1980s and the site boundary ran parallel to the new road. A sewage pumping station was constructed to the east in the last decade. Further afield many camping and caravan sites have been developed.

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2.6 Geological Setting

Table 2.2: Overview of the geological setting

Geology

Reference has been made to the Published Geology (BGS sheet 322, Boscastle, and sheet 323, Holsworthy, 1:50,000), as well as the BGS online map viewer.

Superficial The geological map shows no superficial deposits to be present Geology on site.

The geological map indicates that the site is underlain by the Crackington Formation – Mudstone and Siltstone of Carboniferous age formed between 328 and 318 million years ago. The BGS describes this unit as “Rhythmically bedded, dark blue-grey mudstones and subordinate predominantly grey sandstones and siltstones. Sandstone percentage varies from 20-75%, both vertically and geographically. The sandstones are parallel-sided "Bouma-type" turbidites with abundant well-developed sole structures. Individual beds are from a few centimetres to 0.4m thick and rarely up to 1m thick. Thicker sandstones are locally Bedrock Geology present, mainly in the uppermost part, but tend to be massive and lack sole structures. Packets with abundant sandstones are commonly developed and mappable. On the north Cornwall and Devon coast, six named units of dark grey to black pyritic shale with goniatite- and fish-bearing calcareous nodules are present in the upper part of the Formation. The thickest of these units is up to 7m thick. A few thick units of slumped or destratified beds are also present in the uppermost part of the Formation, as are scattered ironstone nodules.” There are also elements of the Crackington Formation – Sandstone in the north-eastern section. Two geological faults are indicated on-site, one running across the southern section, trending south-west to north-east; the Other Features second running across the northern part, trending north-west to south-east.

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2.7 Environmental Setting

2.7.1 The table below outlines the key environmental settings relating to the site. Table 2.3: Overview of the environmental setting

Surface Water There is one culvert or bridge that is present within 500m of the Culverts site: 480m south-east. There are 9 Inland rivers not influenced by tidal action present within 500m of the proposed development: Inland Rivers 43m NE, 107m E, 155m W, 164m SW, 165m N, 296m SW, 401m E, Not Influenced 425m NW, 432m SE. by Tidal Action There are no lakes or reservoirs present within 500m of the and Surface proposed development. Water Features There are 5 surface water features present within 250m of the proposed development: Inland rivers listed above

Tidal Rivers or There are no tidal rivers or streams within 500m. Streams

Surface Water There are no active surface water abstraction licences within Abstractions 1500m of the planned development.

There is no biological monitoring data within 500m of the site. Monitoring No chemical monitoring data has been recorded within 500m of the site. Hydrology and Hydrogeology The environmental data suggests that the Crackington Formation are designated as a Secondary A Aquifer. The groundwater vulnerability on-site is categorised as ‘Medium-High’, with well-connected fractures and a high potential pollutant speed. There are no Source Protection Zones within 500m of the site. There are no groundwater flooding susceptibility areas within 50m of the proposed development. The local topography suggests that the flow of groundwater will be to the north. There are 23 active groundwater abstraction licences within 2000m of the site: 46m W – Coppathorne Farm 172m N – Quinceborough Farm 268m S – Mount Pleasant Farm 330m NE – Park Farm 404m E – Park Farm 637m NE – Kennacott Court 831m N – Leverlake Cottage 873m NE – Woolscroft Farm

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922m W – Caravan Park, Great Wanson Farm 968m E – Langford Park 1011m W – Widemouth Bay Caravan Park 1121m NW – British Telecom, Bude 1273m NW – Widemouth Bay Service Station 1358m W – Atlantic Court, Poundstock 1408m SE – Penfound Farm 1479m N – Creathorne Farm 1516m SE – Neets Valley Farm 1587m SW – Penhalt Farm 1774m S – New Mill Manor 1868m S – New Mill Farm 1881m NE – Woolstone Farm 1937m N – Wrentham Farm 1980m SW – Trevolter Farm Radon The property is in an intermediate probability Radon Affected Area, as between 1 and 3% of properties are estimated to be above the residential action level. Background Estimated Soil Chemistry - Arsenic: 25 - 35 mg/kg - Cadmium: <1.8 mg/kg - Chromium: 60 - 90 mg/kg - Lead: <100 mg/kg - Nickel: 15 - 30 mg/kg Sensitive Land Uses No National Nature Reserves, Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), Special Protection Areas, Special Areas of Conservation, Records of Ancient Woodland, Ramsar Sites, Local Nature Reserves, World Heritage Sites, or Environmentally Sensitive Areas are within 2000m of Environmental the site. The proposed development is within 2000m of the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty: The proposed development is not within an existing Nitrate Vulnerable Zone (NVZ). No invasive species were noted in or around the immediate surroundings of the site during the site walkover. Ecological Mature hedgerows are present around the fields. A Phase I Ecological Survey is being conducted.

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A Heritage Assessment and Geophysical Survey has been completed by Cornwall Archaeological Unit (ref. 2020R040, dated June 2020). A Grade II Listed Building (Coppathorne Cottage) is situated to the south Archaeological of the planned development. A geophysical survey revealed features within the site that are likely to relate to medieval and post-medieval activities. Recommendations for the project were given to reduce or mitigate the impacts of construction on any archaeological features. Other Environmental Information No sites determined as Contaminated Land under Part 2A EPA 1990 Contaminated Land are situated within 500m of the site. There are no Environment Agency landfill sites within 1000m. There are no Environment Agency historic landfill sites within 1000m. There is one waste carrier, broker or dealer within 250m: AR Rowland, Coppathorne, EX23 0DD. Upper Tier EA licence. Two active discharge consent licences have been granted within 500m of the site: Waste 269m S – Mount Pleasant Farm, Poundstock. Sewage Discharges – Final/Treated Effluent – Soakaway 349m E – Widemouth Fields Camping Park, Poundstock. Sewage Discharges – Final/Treated Effluent – Tributary of River Neet There are no Red List Discharge Consent licences within 500m of the site. There are 2 recorded pollution incidents within 500m of the proposed development: 335m W – 17/09/1992 – Animal Waste/Slurry - Water Impact: Category Pollution Incidents 3 (Minor Impact) 342m NE – 11/08/2010 – Sewage Materials - Water Impact: Category 1 (Major Incident) Land Impact: Category 4 (No Impact) Air Impact: Category 4 (No Impact)

The site possesses a very low RoFRaS Flood Rating (Risk of Flooding from Rivers and the Sea). Flooding The site is not within 250m of a Zone 2 or Zone 3 Floodplain area. Some standing water was observed during the site walkover (precipitation within previous 24 hours).

There are 4 current potentially contaminative activities within 250m of the proposed development:

Industrial Land Uses Farming Activities – on-site

Well/borehole – on-site

Waste Management Business – 40m E

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Sewage Pumping Station – 50m E

There are 8 historic potentially contaminative uses within 500 m of the site: Smithy – 100m SE Slurry Bed – 202m S Ceramics Business – 281m N Tanks – 281m SE, 445m NE Computer Recycling – 337m N Engineering Students Practice – 337m N Commercial Cleaning Business – 337m N Pumphouses – 480m W, 500m S

Unexploded The risk to the site and its surroundings from the presence of UXO is Ordnance (UXO) low (see Appendix D).

A documentary mine search has been compiled for this property by Wheal Jane Consultancy (ref. MS39159, dated 8th October 2020). It was concluded that the planned development is at a low risk from Archival past mining activity. No evidence of clay workings or mineral Metalliferous Mining extractions were identified within the boundary of the site. Search A former well was noted in the south-western section of the site. It was recommended that an inspection should be made to determine the stability of the ground close to and above the feature. The mine search is contained as Appendix E.

A Phase I assessment was completed by Soil Environment Services on land at Coppathorne Cottage, approximately 40m east of the site. (ref. SES/SR/BC/1#1, dated 3rd March 2015) in relation to PA16/00261. Adjacent Planning Applications The Phase I assessment concluded that a Phase II investigation would be necessary owing to former farming activities and use of the site for HGV storage. Industrial storage and waste management is noted in the Decision Notice, dated 7th March 2016.

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3 PRELIMINARY CONCEPTUAL MODEL

3.1 Introduction

3.1.1 The Assessment of risk is based upon the principal of the pollutant linkage, which is described in more detail below. This assessment seeks to identify plausible pollutant linkages associated with the proposed development. Once this has been done, the resultant risk is determined based on the probability and the possible consequence of the pollutant linkages being present. As such, this qualitative risk assessment has been undertaken in accordance guidance published in CIRIA C552. 3.1.2 A summary of the CIRIA C552 risk classification matrix is presented below; Table 3.1: Risk Classification Matrix

Risk Classification Matrix

Taken from CIRIA Consequence C552 Severe Medium Mild Minor

High Moderate / Very High High Moderate Likelihood Low

Moderate / Likely High Moderate Low Low

Low Moderate / Moderate Low Very Low

Probability Likelihood Low

Moderate / Unlikely Low Very Low Very Low Low

3.2 Preliminary Conceptual Site Model

3.2.1 This conceptual site model has been undertaken with due regard to guidance provided in BS10175:2011 and CLR11. The assessment of risk from land contamination also pays due regard to the definition of contaminated land, as defined within Part 2A of the Environment Protection Act 1990. This legislation defines contaminated land as any land that is in such a condition that by reason of substances in, on or under the land: • Significant harm is being caused or there is a significant possibility of such harm being caused; or

• Pollution of controlled water is being, or is likely to be, caused.

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3.2.2 This definition is based on the principles of risk assessment defined as a combination of the probability (or frequency) of occurrence of a defined hazard and the magnitude (including the seriousness) of the consequences. Central to the risk assessment process is the concept of pollutant linkage, which is a linkage between a contaminant and a receptor by means of a pathway. Table 3.2. Summary of statutory definitions relating to pollution linkage.

Statutory definitions relating to pollution linkage.

Contaminant “a substance which is in, on or under the land and which has the potential to cause harm or to cause pollution of controlled waters.”

Receptor “a living organism, a group of living organisms, and ecological system or a piece of property” which meets given criteria.

“controlled waters which are, or could be, polluted by a contaminant”.

Pathway “one or more routes or means by, or through, which a receptor:

• is being exposed to, or affected by, a contaminant, or • could be so exposed or affected”.

3.2.3 Without the presence of all three components, there is no linkage and therefore no risk. The relationship between these components is discussed below in order to identify the existence of any source-pathway-receptor linkage on the site, and hence the potential risks associated with any contamination. Table 3.3: Identified Sources, Pathways and Receptors

Source – Pathway – Receptor Overview Natural geology Former farming activities Well/borehole Waste management business Contaminant Sewage pumping station and former slurry bed sources Major water pollution incident Former smithy and pumphouses Tanks Former commercial enterprises

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Inhalation of dust and vapours

Dermal contact Pathways Ingestion Ingress into buildings

Ground and surface waters Future site users

Receptors Site workers Flora & Fauna

3.2.4 From this table, the Conceptual Site Model can be derived. It outlines the critical pollutant linkages of concern for a particular land contamination problem. The development of the CSM is a primary planning tool that’s used to organise information about the site and support the decision-making process in managing potentially contaminated sites. The matrix below makes up the initial CSM based on the data and information collated during the desk study and site walkover.

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3.3 Preliminary Conceptual Site Model Matrix

Table 3.4: Preliminary Conceptual Model Matrix

Preliminary Conceptual Model

Source(s) Contaminant(s) Pathway(s) Receptor(s) Probability Consequence Risk Assessment Low Risk – The planned development is Ingress into proposed within an area where between 1 and 3% of Radon gas Future site users Unlikely Medium buildings properties are estimated to be above the residential action level. Natural Geology Future site users Low Risk – Levels of arsenic and lead within soil samples obtained from the wider area Arsenic Dermal contact Site workers Soil and dust ingestion Unlikely Medium by the British Geological Survey indicate Lead and inhalation Site flora and that concentrations are well below

fauna guideline values. On Site On

Low Risk – Enquiries confirmed that the land Dermal contact Future site users has been used for hay making. Small Former Soil and dust ingestion Heavy Metals Site workers numbers of sheep have been pastured on Farming and inhalation Unlikely Medium the fields sporadically in recent years. No Activities Pesticides Ground & surface Site flora and sheep washes were located on-site or waters fauna nearby.

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Low Risk – A well was noted in the south- western section on the Ordnance Survey maps during the 20th Century. Examination of the British Geological Survey Borehole Viewer revealed that a borehole was sunk in 1964, following the abandonment of a previous well (ref. SS20SW68). The precise location of the former well was not given, historic mapping indicates it was to the south of the site. The borehole was sunk to a depth of 42.7m and was 0.15m diameter. Water level was 3m below the top of the Total Petroleum borehole. No details were given regarding Dermal contact Future site users Hydrocarbons (TPH) permanent pumping machinery. Enquiries Soil and dust ingestion Site workers found that the borehole was no longer in

Well/Borehole Unlikely Medium Polycyclic Aromatic and inhalation use. It is unlikely that motorised extraction of Site flora and Hydrocarbons Ground & surface water was utilised. The contamination risk is fauna (PAH) waters low. It is recommended that a ground investigation considers the stability of the area around the former borehole. The feature should also be securely capped. It would also be prudent to assess the location of the former borehole to the south, to ensure that no risk was posed. The potential for the former borehole to provide a contamination pathway for any contaminated material unexpectedly encountered during construction should be considered in the Construction Environmental Management Plan.

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Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) Dermal contact Future site users Low Risk – A licenced waste carrier, broker Polycyclic Aromatic Waste Soil and dust ingestion or dealer is operational nearby. It is unlikely Hydrocarbons Site workers Management and inhalation Unlikely Medium that any potential contamination could (PAH) Business Ground & surface Site flora and impact on the site, given the physical Heavy Metals waters fauna distance and the proposed land use.

Asbestos

Low Risk – A modern sewage pumping station is operational on the opposite side Sewage Future site users Dermal contact of the A39. It is situated on hardstanding Pumping Microorganisms Soil and dust ingestion Site workers and unlikely to pose a contamination risk, Stations and Unlikely Medium and inhalation The slurry bed was located beyond the Off Site Off Former Slurry Heavy Metals Site flora and Ground & surface road to the south. Given the proposed end- Bed fauna waters use it is unlikely to have posed a contamination risk.

Low Risk – Sewage materials caused a Dermal contact Future site users pollution incident in 2010, assessed as a Major Water major incident to water. The pollution Microorganisms Soil and dust ingestion Site workers Pollution and inhalation Unlikely Medium occurred at a considerable distance to the Heavy Metals Incident Ground & surface Site flora and north-east. Topographic conditions suggest waters fauna that the planned development would have been very unlikely to have been impacted.

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Low Risk – A smithy was operational to the Total Petroleum south-east many years ago. Two Hydrocarbons (TPH) Future site users Dermal contact pumphouses were situated at a Former Smithy Polycyclic Aromatic Soil and dust ingestion Site workers considerable distance from the planned and Unlikely Medium Hydrocarbons and inhalation development. It is unlikely that a Pumphouses Site flora and (PAH) Ground & surface contamination risk is posed to the site from fauna waters these sources, owing to distance and time Heavy Metals elapsed.

Future site users Dermal contact Low Risk – The closest former tank was 280m Total Petroleum Soil and dust ingestion Site workers south-east, beyond the A39 and at a lower Tanks Unlikely Medium Hydrocarbons (TPH) and inhalation elevation. Any potential contamination is Site flora and Ground & surface very unlikely to impact on the site. waters fauna

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) Future site users Dermal contact Low Risk – Several small businesses were Former Polycyclic Aromatic Soil and dust ingestion Site workers registered at property further to the north. Commercial Hydrocarbons Unlikely Medium and inhalation They were situated at a lower elevation Enterprises (PAH) Site flora and Ground & surface than the site. Heavy Metals waters fauna

Solvents

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4 GEOTECHNICAL RISK ASSESSMENT

4.1 Introduction

4.1.1 This risk assessment has been undertaken with due regard to the advice relating to ground instability as provided in the Department of the Environment (Welsh Offices) Planning Policy Guidance (no. 14) for “Development on Unstable Land”. The guidance discusses the causes of Unstable Land and defines them as falling into one of three categories: i. The effects of underground cavities; these may be of natural origin or due to mining or to civil engineering works;

ii. Unstable slopes; these may be natural, in both coastal and inland situations; or man-made, whether excavated, as in quarries or cuttings, or constructed, as in tips and embankments;

iii. Ground compression; this may be of natural origin due to peat, alluvial, estuarine or marine soils; or due to human activities, e.g. made ground, landfill or restored opencast mines; and ground subject to movement due to shrinking and swelling clays.

4.1.2 While in all cases instability may arise whether or not there is any development on the surface, it is important to recognise that the development itself or the intensification of development may be the triggering factor, which initiates instability problems. 4.1.3 The risks posed by each type of unstable ground are discussed based upon the proposed redevelopment of the site for dwellings. Table 4.1 below outlines the key findings.

Table 4.1: Overview of the risks posed by unstable ground

Underground Cavities

The property is situated at a distance from a former mining area, the nearest historic quarry is 600m N. Two geological faults are indicated on-site, according to BGS mapping.

Unstable Slopes

The site is modestly sloping; the risk from unstable slopes is low.

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British Geological Survey Data Information relating to potential ground instability issues at this site has been collected from the BGS digital and hard-copy mapping. Below is the summarised information.

Natural Hazard Findings Hazard Risk Classification

Shrink – Swell Very Low - Ground conditions predominantly non-plastic. Clays

Landslides Low – There is a low likelihood that slope instability problems are present.

Soluble Rocks No Hazard

Compressible No Hazard Deposits

Collapsible Very Low - Deposits with potential to collapse when loaded and saturated Deposits are unlikely to be present.

Running Sand No Hazard

Historic Ordnance Survey mapping indicates a well is situated in the south- western section of the site. A former well was also identified to the south. It Well/Borehole would be prudent to conduct a ground investigation to consider the stability of the area.

4.2 Groundwater

4.2.1 It is unlikely that groundwater will be shallow in this area. It is anticipated that groundwater will flow to the north.

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5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Anticipated Ground Conditions

5.1.1 The anticipated ground conditions are based on the geological information available at the time of writing this report, as well as an evaluation of existing structures on site and their potential associated Made Ground. 5.1.2 It is anticipated that the site is underlain by up to 0.50m of TOPSOIL across the site. 5.1.3 Any TOPSOIL, Hardstanding and/or MADE GROUND will be underlain by clayey sandy GRAVEL belonging to the Crackington Formation.

5.2 Geotechnical Considerations

5.2.1 Any Made Ground encountered on site will not suffice as a suitable bearing, therefore shallow foundations should be placed in the underlying natural material. 5.2.2 Conventional strip foundations may be viable at this site; however, a site investigation will be required to confirm this. It would also be considered prudent to carry out soakaway testing in accordance with BRE 365 to assess the sites suitability for conventional drainage. A site investigation should also consider the stability of the area around the former borehole and it would also be prudent to assess the location of the former borehole to the south, to ensure that no risk was posed.

5.3 Conclusions

5.3.1 The planned development is within an area where between 1 and 3% of properties are estimated to be above the residential action level for radon. 5.3.2 Levels of arsenic and lead within soil samples obtained from the wider area by the British Geological Survey indicate that concentrations are well below guideline values. A low risk of contamination has been assessed. 5.3.3 Enquiries confirmed that the farmland has been used for hay making. Small numbers of sheep have been pastured on the fields sporadically in recent years. No sheep washes were located on-site or nearby. Contamination risk has been assessed as low. 5.3.4 A well was noted in the south-western section on the Ordnance Survey maps during the 20th Century. Examination of the British Geological Survey Borehole Viewer revealed that the borehole was sunk in 1964, following the abandonment of a previous well (ref. SS20SW68). The precise location of the former well was not given, historic mapping indicates it was to the south of the site. The borehole was sunk to a depth of 42.7m and was 0.15m diameter. Water level was 3m below the top of the well. No details were given regarding permanent pumping machinery. Enquiries found that the borehole was no longer in use. It is unlikely that motorised extraction of water was utilised. The contamination risk is low.

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5.3.5 The risk to the site from contamination from the following sources has been assessed as low: waste management business, sewage pumping station, slurry pit, major water pollution incident, former smithy, pumphouses, tanks and former commercial enterprises. 5.3.6 In the absence of a significant source of contamination, it can be concluded that this site is suitable for its intended future use and that no further investigation will be required.

5.4 Recommendations

5.4.1 It is recommended that a Site Investigation should be conducted to provide a geotechnical assessment covering the stability of the area around the former borehole. The feature should also be securely capped. It would also be prudent to assess the location of the former well to the south, to ensure that no risk was posed. The potential for the former borehole to provide a contamination pathway for any contaminated material unexpectedly encountered during construction should be considered in the Construction Environmental Management Plan. 5.4.2 As a precautionary measure basic radon protective measures are recommended for the proposed development in-line with BRE guidelines. 5.4.3 A copy of this report be submitted to the Local Authority for checking, prior to commissioning any further work which may be required. 5.4.4 In the event unexpected contamination is found during development, work should cease until the material can be identified and remediated appropriately. 5.4.5 All site workers should be equipped with the correct PPE and have undertaken suitable risk assessments, job safety and environmental analysis before work commences. 5.4.6 Waste material to be removed from site should be assessed for its content and handled by a suitably licensed waste contractor.

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6 REFERENCES

6.1.1 BSI (2011) BS 10175:2011 +a1:2013 Investigation of Potentially Contaminated Sites – Code of Practice. London, British Standards Institution 6.1.2 Building Research Establishment (BRE) (2007) BR211 - Radon: Guidance on Protective Measures for New Buildings. Watford, BRE 6.1.3 CIRIA (2001) CIRIA C552 - Contaminated land risk assessment: A guide to good practice. London, CIRIA 6.1.4 CIRIA (2007) CIRIA C665 – Assessing Risks Posed by Hazardous Ground Gases to Buildings. London, CIRIA 6.1.5 Contaminated Land: Applications in Real Environments (CL:AIRE), Association of Geotechnical and Geo-environmental Specialists (AGS) and The Environmental Industries Commission (EIC) (2010) Soil Generic Assessment Criteria for Human Health Risk Assessment. London, CL:AIRE 6.1.6 Department of Communities and Local Government (2012) National Planning Policy Framework. London, DCLG 6.1.7 Environment Agency (2004) Contaminated Land Report 11 - Model Procedures for the Management of Land Contamination. Bristol, Environment Agency 6.1.8 Environment Agency (2005) Guidance on Assessing the Risk Posed by Land Contamination and Its Remediation on Archaeological Resource Management. Bristol, EA 6.1.9 Great Britain. Environmental Protection Act (1990). London, The Stationery Office 6.1.10 Great Britain. Environmental Damage (Prevention and Remediation) Regulations (2009). London, The Stationery Office 6.1.11 Great Britain. Water Act (2003). London, The Stationery Office 6.1.12 Great Britain. The Water Framework Directive (Standards and Classification) Directions (England and Wales) (2015). London, The Stationery Office 6.1.13 Land Quality Press (2015) The LQM/CIEH Suitable 4 Use Levels for Human Health Risk Assessment (2nd Edition). Nottingham, Land Quality Press 6.1.14 National House Building Council (NHBC), Environment Agency and Chartered Institute of Environmental Health (CIEH) (2008) Research & Development Publication 66: Guidance for the Safe Development of Housing on Land Affected by Contamination. Amersham, NHBC 6.1.15 Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) (2012) Japanese Knotweed and Residential Property. Coventry, RICS

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7 NOTES

• This report is concerned solely with the property, as defined by this report, or parts thereof examined.

• The report should not be used in connection with adjacent properties.

• The information in the Groundsure EnviroInsight and GeoInsight reports, which have been used in compiling this Phase 1 Desk Study report, is derived from a number of statutory and non-statutory sources. While every effort is made by the supplier to ensure accuracy, the supplier cannot guarantee the accuracy or completeness of such information or data, nor to identify all the factors that may be relevant.

• The conclusions and recommendations relate to the type and extent of development outlined in this report for this specific property only and should not be taken as suitable for any other form or extent of development on this property without further consultation with Wheal Jane Consultancy.

• This report is confidential to the client, the client’s legal and professional advisors, and may not be reproduced or distributed without our permission other than to directly facilitate the sale or development of the property concerned.

• We have no liability toward any person not party to commissioning this report.

• Unless otherwise expressly stated, nothing in this report shall create or confer any rights or other benefits pursuant to the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 in favour of any person other than the person commissioning this report.

• This report is not an asbestos inspection that may fall within the control of Control of Asbestos Regulations 2006.

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FIGURES:

Title: Site Location Plan Project: Atlantic View Crematorium, Coppathorne Client: The Bazeley Partnership on behalf of Mr H Smith Report Title: Phase I Preliminary Risk Assessment Date: 21/10/2020Ref: SI20332/PH1 Figure: 2.1 Legend:

Title:

Current Site Layout

Project: Atlantic View Crematorium, Coppathorne SI20332/PH1 Client: The Bazeley Partnership on behalf of Mr H Smith Date: 21/10/2020 Scale: NTS Drawn by: The Bazeley Partnership Revision: A Figure: 2.2

APPENDICES:

A. Site Photographs B. Environmental Data C. Historical Maps D. UXO Risk Map E. Archival Mining Search

APPENDIX A

Site Photographs

COVER WITH PHOTO

Title: Site Photographs Project: Atlantic View Crematorium, Coppathorne Client: The Bazeley Partnership on behalf of Mr H Smith Report Title: Phase 1 Preliminary Risk Assessment Date: 21/10/2020Ref: SI20332/PH1 Plate 1 COVER WITH PHOTO

COVER WITH PHOTO