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Reviewing and Evaluating the Direct Elections to the Legislative Council and the Transformation of Political Parties in Hong Kong, 1991-2016
Journal of US-China Public Administration, August 2016, Vol. 13, No. 8, 499-517 doi: 10.17265/1548-6591/2016.08.001 D DAVID PUBLISHING Reviewing and Evaluating the Direct Elections to the Legislative Council and the Transformation of Political Parties in Hong Kong, 1991-2016 Chung Fun Steven Hung The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong After direct elections were instituted in Hong Kong, politicization inevitably followed democratization. This paper intends to evaluate how political parties’ politics happened in Hong Kong’s recent history. The research was conducted through historical comparative analysis, with the context of Hong Kong during the sovereignty transition and the interim period of democratization being crucial. For the implementation of “one country, two systems”, political democratization was hindered and distinct political scenarios of Hong Kong’s transformation were made. The democratic forces had no alternative but to seek more radicalized politics, which caused a decisive fragmentation of the local political parties where the establishment camp was inevitable and the democratic blocs were split into many more small groups individually. It is harmful. It is not conducive to unity and for the common interests of the publics. This paper explores and evaluates the political history of Hong Kong and the ways in which the limited democratization hinders the progress of Hong Kong’s transformation. Keywords: election politics, historical comparative, ruling, democratization The democratizing element of the Hong Kong political system was bounded within the Legislative Council under the principle of the separation of powers of the three governing branches, Executive, Legislative, and Judicial. Popular elections for the Hong Kong legislature were introduced and implemented for 25 years (1991-2016) and there were eight terms of general elections for the Legislative Council. -
Official Record of Proceedings
LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL ─ 3 November 2010 1399 OFFICIAL RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS Wednesday, 3 November 2010 The Council met at Eleven o'clock MEMBERS PRESENT: THE PRESIDENT THE HONOURABLE JASPER TSANG YOK-SING, G.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE ALBERT HO CHUN-YAN IR DR THE HONOURABLE RAYMOND HO CHUNG-TAI, S.B.S., S.B.ST.J., J.P. THE HONOURABLE LEE CHEUK-YAN DR THE HONOURABLE DAVID LI KWOK-PO, G.B.M., G.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE FRED LI WAH-MING, S.B.S., J.P. DR THE HONOURABLE MARGARET NG THE HONOURABLE JAMES TO KUN-SUN THE HONOURABLE CHEUNG MAN-KWONG THE HONOURABLE CHAN KAM-LAM, S.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE MRS SOPHIE LEUNG LAU YAU-FUN, G.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE LEUNG YIU-CHUNG DR THE HONOURABLE PHILIP WONG YU-HONG, G.B.S. 1400 LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL ─ 3 November 2010 THE HONOURABLE WONG YUNG-KAN, S.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE LAU KONG-WAH, J.P. THE HONOURABLE LAU WONG-FAT, G.B.M., G.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE MIRIAM LAU KIN-YEE, G.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE EMILY LAU WAI-HING, J.P. THE HONOURABLE ANDREW CHENG KAR-FOO THE HONOURABLE TIMOTHY FOK TSUN-TING, G.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE TAM YIU-CHUNG, G.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE ABRAHAM SHEK LAI-HIM, S.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE LI FUNG-YING, S.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE TOMMY CHEUNG YU-YAN, S.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE FREDERICK FUNG KIN-KEE, S.B.S., J.P. -
2014-2015 Report on Police Violence in the Umbrella Movement
! ! ! ! ! 2014-2015 Report on Police Violence in the Umbrella Movement A report of the State Violence Database Project in Hong Kong Compiled by The Professional Commons and Hong Kong In-Media ! ! ! Table!of!Contents! ! About!us! ! About!the!research! ! Maps!/!Glossary! ! Executive!Summary! ! 1.! Report!on!physical!injury!and!mental!trauma!...........................................................................................!13! 1.1! Physical!injury!....................................................................................................................................!13! 1.1.1! Injury!caused!by!police’s!direct!smacking,!beating!and!disperse!actions!..................................!14! 1.1.2! Excessive!use!of!force!during!the!arrest!process!.......................................................................!24! 1.1.3! Connivance!at!violence,!causing!injury!to!many!.......................................................................!28! 1.1.4! Delay!of!rescue!and!assault!on!medical!volunteers!..................................................................!33! 1.1.5! Police’s!use!of!violence!or!connivance!at!violence!against!journalists!......................................!35! 1.2! Psychological!trauma!.........................................................................................................................!39! 1.2.1! Psychological!trauma!caused!by!use!of!tear!gas!by!the!police!..................................................!39! 1.2.2! Psychological!trauma!resulting!from!violence!...........................................................................!41! -
The Portrayal of Female Officials in Hong Kong Newspapers
Constructing perfect women: the portrayal of female officials in Hong Kong newspapers Francis L.F. Lee CITY UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG, HONG KONG On 28 February 2000, the Hong Kong government announced its newest round of reshuffling and promotion of top-level officials. The next day, Apple Daily, one of the most popular Chinese newspapers in Hong Kong, headlined their full front-page coverage: ‘Eight Beauties Obtain Power in Newest Top Official Reshuffling: One-third Females in Leadership, Rarely Seen Internationally’.1 On 17 April, the Daily cited a report by regional magazine Asiaweek which claimed that ‘Hong Kong’s number of female top officials [is the] highest in the world’. The article states that: ‘Though Hong Kong does not have policies privileging women, opportunities for women are not worse than those for men.’ Using the prominence of female officials as evidence for gender equality is common in public discourse in Hong Kong. To give another instance, Sophie Leung, Chair of the government’s Commission for Women’s Affairs, said in an interview that women in Hong Kong have space for development, and she was quoted: ‘You see, Hong Kong female officials are so powerful!’ (Ming Pao, 5 February 2001). This article attempts to examine news discourses about female officials in Hong Kong. Undoubtedly, the discourses are complicated and not completely coherent. Just from the examples mentioned, one could see that the media embrace the relatively high ratio of female officials as a sign of social progress. But one may also question the validity of treating the ratio of female officials as representative of the situation of gender (in)equality in the society. -
Minutes of the 1St Meeting Held in Conference Room 1 of the Legislative Council Complex at 2:30 Pm on Friday, 14 October 2011
立法會 Legislative Council LC Paper No. CB(2) 97/11-12 Ref : CB2/H/5/10 House Committee of the Legislative Council Minutes of the 1st meeting held in Conference Room 1 of the Legislative Council Complex at 2:30 pm on Friday, 14 October 2011 Members present: Hon Miriam LAU Kin-yee, GBS, JP (Chairman) Hon Fred LI Wah-ming, SBS, JP (Deputy Chairman) Ir Dr Hon Raymond HO Chung-tai, SBS, S.B.St.J., JP Hon LEE Cheuk-yan Dr Hon David LI Kwok-po, GBM, GBS, JP Dr Hon Margaret NG Hon James TO Kun-sun Hon CHEUNG Man-kwong Hon CHAN Kam-lam, SBS, JP Hon Mrs Sophie LEUNG LAU Yau-fun, GBS, JP Hon LEUNG Yiu-chung Dr Hon Philip WONG Yu-hong, GBS Hon WONG Yung-kan, SBS, JP Hon LAU Kong-wah, JP Hon Emily LAU Wai-hing, JP Hon Andrew CHENG Kar-foo Hon TAM Yiu-chung, GBS, JP Hon Abraham SHEK Lai-him, SBS, JP Hon LI Fung-ying, SBS, JP Hon Tommy CHEUNG Yu-yan, SBS, JP Hon Audrey EU Yuet-mee, SC, JP Hon Vincent FANG Kang, SBS, JP Hon WONG Kwok-hing, MH Hon LEE Wing-tat Dr Hon Joseph LEE Kok-long, SBS, JP Hon Jeffrey LAM Kin-fung, GBS, JP Hon Andrew LEUNG Kwan-yuen, GBS, JP Hon CHEUNG Hok-ming, GBS, JP Hon WONG Ting-kwong, BBS, JP - 2 - Hon Ronny TONG Ka-wah, SC Hon CHIM Pui-chung Prof Hon Patrick LAU Sau-shing, SBS, JP Hon KAM Nai-wai, MH Hon Cyd HO Sau-lan Dr Hon LAM Tai-fai, BBS, JP Hon CHAN Hak-kan Hon Paul CHAN Mo-po, MH, JP Hon CHAN Kin-por, JP Dr Hon Priscilla LEUNG Mei-fun, JP Hon CHEUNG Kwok-che Hon WONG Sing-chi Hon WONG Kwok-kin, BBS Hon IP Wai-ming, MH Hon IP Kwok-him, GBS, JP Hon Mrs Regina IP LAU Suk-yee, GBS, JP Dr Hon PAN Pey-chyou Hon Paul TSE Wai-chun, -
Law As a Sword, Law As a Shield Politically Liberal Lawyers and the Rule of Law in China
China Perspectives 2019-1 | 2019 Touching the Proverbial Elephant: The Multiple Shapes of Chinese Law Law as a Sword, Law as a Shield Politically Liberal Lawyers and the Rule of Law in China Sida Liu, Ching-Fang Hsu and Terence C. Halliday Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/chinaperspectives/8798 DOI: 10.4000/chinaperspectives.8798 ISSN: 1996-4617 Publisher Centre d'étude français sur la Chine contemporaine Printed version Date of publication: 20 March 2019 Number of pages: 65-73 ISSN: 2070-3449 Electronic reference Sida Liu, Ching-Fang Hsu and Terence C. Halliday, « Law as a Sword, Law as a Shield », China Perspectives [Online], 2019-1 | 2019, Online since 19 March 2020, connection on 22 December 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/chinaperspectives/8798 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/ chinaperspectives.8798 © All rights reserved Special feature China perspectives Law as a Sword, Law as a Shield Politically Liberal Lawyers and the Rule of Law in China SIDA LIU, CHING-FANG HSU, AND TERENCE C. HALLIDAY ABSTRACT: What does the rule of law mean in the Chinese context? Based on empirical research in Beijing and Hong Kong, this article exa - mines the various ways politically liberal lawyers in China make sense of the rule of law in their discourses and collective action. Although the rule of law is frequently invoked by lawyers as a legitimating discourse against the authoritarian state, its use in practice is primarily for ins - trumental purposes, as both a sword and a shield. For activist lawyers in Beijing, the pursuit of judicial independence is nothing but a distant dream involving a restructuring of the state, and they therefore focus their mobilisation for the rule of law around basic legal freedoms and the growth of civil society. -
Minutes Have Been Seen by the Administration)
立法會 Legislative Council LC Paper No. CB(2)1329/06-07 (These minutes have been seen by the Administration) Ref : CB2/PL/ED Panel on Education Minutes of meeting held on Monday, 12 February 2007, at 4:30 pm in the Chamber of the Legislative Council Building Members : Hon Jasper TSANG Yok-sing, GBS, JP (Chairman) present Dr Hon YEUNG Sum (Deputy Chairman) Hon CHEUNG Man-kwong Hon LEUNG Yiu-chung Hon SIN Chung-kai, JP Hon Emily LAU Wai-hing, JP Hon TAM Yiu-chung, GBS, JP Hon Abraham SHEK Lai-him, JP Hon Tommy CHEUNG Yu-yan, JP Hon Audrey EU Yuet-mee, SC, JP Hon MA Lik, GBS, JP Hon Andrew LEUNG Kwan-yuen, SBS, JP Dr Hon Fernando CHEUNG Chiu-hung Prof Hon Patrick LAU Sau-shing, SBS, JP Members : Hon James TO Kun-sun attending Hon LEUNG Kwok-hung Dr Hon KWOK Ka-ki Hon Ronny TONG Ka-wah, SC Members : Hon LEE Cheuk-yan absent Hon Mrs Selina CHOW LIANG Shuk-yee, GBS, JP - 2 - Public Officers : Item IV attending Professor Maurice GALTON Consultant, Study on Small Class Teaching Ms Bernadette LINN, JP Deputy Secretary (Education and Manpower)2 Ms IP Ling-bik Principal Assistant Secretary (Education Commission and Planning) Ms CHUM Chui-che Senior Education Officer (Research and Test Development)2 Item V Professor Arthur LI, GBS, JP Secretary for Education and Manpower Mr Raymond WONG, JP Permanent Secretary for Education and Manpower Mrs Betty IP Deputy Secretary for Education and Manpower 4 Mr LEE Yuk-fai Principal Assistant Secretary (Professional Development and Training) Professor Edmond KO Chairman of the Committee on Teachers' Work Attendance by : Item IV invitation Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union Miss SY On-na Vice-President Mr IP Kin-yuen Principal - 3 - Civic Party Ms Annie KI Hong Kong Island Branch District Development Officer Centre for Development and Research in Small Class Teaching, The Hong Kong Institute of Education Dr LAI Kwok-chan Head Professor Peter BLATCHFORD Professor, School of Psychology and Human Development in the Institute of Education, University of London S.K.H. -
Minutes Have Been Seen by the Administration)
立法會 Legislative Council LC Paper No. CB(2)2168/16-17 (These minutes have been seen by the Administration) Ref : CB2/PL/FE Panel on Food Safety and Environmental Hygiene Minutes of meeting held on Tuesday, 13 June 2017, at 2:30 pm in Conference Room 3 of the Legislative Council Complex Members : Dr Hon Helena WONG Pik-wan (Chairman) present Hon LAU Kwok-fan, MH (Deputy Chairman) Hon Tommy CHEUNG Yu-yan, GBS, JP Prof Hon Joseph LEE Kok-long, SBS, JP Hon WONG Ting-kwong, SBS, JP Hon Starry LEE Wai-king, SBS, JP Hon CHAN Hak-kan, BBS, JP Hon Claudia MO Hon Michael TIEN Puk-sun, BBS, JP Hon Steven HO Chun-yin, BBS Hon CHAN Chi-chuen Hon CHAN Han-pan, JP Dr Hon KWOK Ka-ki Hon KWOK Wai-keung Hon Christopher CHEUNG Wah-fung, SBS, JP Dr Hon Fernando CHEUNG Chiu-hung Dr Hon Elizabeth QUAT, JP Hon Martin LIAO Cheung-kong, SBS, JP Dr Hon CHIANG Lai-wan, JP Ir Dr Hon LO Wai-kwok, SBS, MH, JP Hon HO Kai-ming Hon SHIU Ka-fai Hon SHIU Ka-chun Hon Wilson OR Chong-shing, MH Dr Hon Pierre CHAN Hon Tanya CHAN Hon CHEUNG Kwok-kwan, JP Hon HUI Chi-fung Hon Kenneth LAU Ip-keung, MH, JP - 2 - Hon KWONG Chun-yu Hon Jeremy TAM Man-ho Dr Hon LAU Siu-lai Members : Hon LEUNG Yiu-chung absent Dr Hon Priscilla LEUNG Mei-fun, SBS, JP Hon WONG Kwok-kin, SBS, JP Hon LEUNG Kwok-hung Hon LEUNG Che-cheung, BBS, MH, JP Hon Alice MAK Mei-kuen, BBS, JP Hon Andrew WAN Siu-kin Hon CHU Hoi-dick Hon LUK Chung-hung Hon Nathan LAW Kwun-chung Dr Hon YIU Chung-yim [According to the Judgment of the Court of First Instance of the High Court on 14 July 2017, LEUNG Kwok-hung, Nathan LAW -
Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
China Data Supplement May 2007 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC .......................................................................... 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC ..................................................................... 30 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership ...................................................................... 37 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries ......................................................................... 42 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations .............................................................................................. 44 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR ................................................................................................................ 45 LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR ....................................................................................................................... 52 LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan .............................................................................................................................. 56 LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Studies Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 May 2007 The Main National Leadership of the PRC -
Chapter 6 Hong Kong
CHAPTER 6 HONG KONG Key Findings • The Hong Kong government’s proposal of a bill that would allow for extraditions to mainland China sparked the territory’s worst political crisis since its 1997 handover to the Mainland from the United Kingdom. China’s encroachment on Hong Kong’s auton- omy and its suppression of prodemocracy voices in recent years have fueled opposition, with many protesters now seeing the current demonstrations as Hong Kong’s last stand to preserve its freedoms. Protesters voiced five demands: (1) formal with- drawal of the bill; (2) establishing an independent inquiry into police brutality; (3) removing the designation of the protests as “riots;” (4) releasing all those arrested during the movement; and (5) instituting universal suffrage. • After unprecedented protests against the extradition bill, Hong Kong Chief Executive Carrie Lam suspended the measure in June 2019, dealing a blow to Beijing which had backed the legislation and crippling her political agenda. Her promise in September to formally withdraw the bill came after months of protests and escalation by the Hong Kong police seeking to quell demonstrations. The Hong Kong police used increasingly aggressive tactics against protesters, resulting in calls for an independent inquiry into police abuses. • Despite millions of demonstrators—spanning ages, religions, and professions—taking to the streets in largely peaceful pro- test, the Lam Administration continues to align itself with Bei- jing and only conceded to one of the five protester demands. In an attempt to conflate the bolder actions of a few with the largely peaceful protests, Chinese officials have compared the movement to “terrorism” and a “color revolution,” and have im- plicitly threatened to deploy its security forces from outside Hong Kong to suppress the demonstrations. -
香港特别行政区排名名单 the Precedence List of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
二零二一年九月 September 2021 香港特别行政区排名名单 THE PRECEDENCE LIST OF THE HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION 1. 行政长官 林郑月娥女士,大紫荆勋贤,GBS The Chief Executive The Hon Mrs Carrie LAM CHENG Yuet-ngor, GBM, GBS 2. 终审法院首席法官 张举能首席法官,大紫荆勋贤 The Chief Justice of the Court of Final The Hon Andrew CHEUNG Kui-nung, Appeal GBM 3. 香港特别行政区前任行政长官(见注一) Former Chief Executives of the HKSAR (See Note 1) 董建华先生,大紫荆勋贤 The Hon TUNG Chee Hwa, GBM 曾荫权先生,大紫荆勋贤 The Hon Donald TSANG, GBM 梁振英先生,大紫荆勋贤,GBS, JP The Hon C Y LEUNG, GBM, GBS, JP 4. 政务司司长 李家超先生,SBS, PDSM, JP The Chief Secretary for Administration The Hon John LEE Ka-chiu, SBS, PDSM, JP 5. 财政司司长 陈茂波先生,大紫荆勋贤,GBS, MH, JP The Financial Secretary The Hon Paul CHAN Mo-po, GBM, GBS, MH, JP 6. 律政司司长 郑若骅女士,大紫荆勋贤,GBS, SC, JP The Secretary for Justice The Hon Teresa CHENG Yeuk-wah, GBM, GBS, SC, JP 7. 立法会主席 梁君彦议员,大紫荆勋贤,GBS, JP The President of the Legislative Council The Hon Andrew LEUNG Kwan-yuen, GBM, GBS, JP - 2 - 行政会议非官守议员召集人 陈智思议员,大紫荆勋贤,GBS, JP The Convenor of the Non-official The Hon Bernard Charnwut CHAN, Members of the Executive Council GBM, GBS, JP 其他行政会议成员 Other Members of the Executive Council 史美伦议员,大紫荆勋贤,GBS, JP The Hon Mrs Laura CHA SHIH May-lung, GBM, GBS, JP 李国章议员,大紫荆勋贤,GBS, JP Prof the Hon Arthur LI Kwok-cheung, GBM, GBS, JP 周松岗议员,大紫荆勋贤,GBS, JP The Hon CHOW Chung-kong, GBM, GBS, JP 罗范椒芬议员,大紫荆勋贤,GBS, JP The Hon Mrs Fanny LAW FAN Chiu-fun, GBM, GBS, JP 黄锦星议员,GBS, JP 环境局局长 The Hon WONG Kam-sing, GBS, JP Secretary for the Environment # 林健锋议员,GBS, JP The Hon Jeffrey LAM Kin-fung, GBS, JP 叶国谦议员,大紫荆勋贤,GBS, JP The Hon -
Hansard of the Former Legislative Council Then, I Note the Request Made by Many Honourable Members That Direct Elections Be Held for ADC Members
LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL ─ 25 May 2011 10789 OFFICIAL RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS Wednesday, 25 May 2011 The Council met at Eleven o'clock MEMBERS PRESENT: THE PRESIDENT THE HONOURABLE JASPER TSANG YOK-SING, G.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE ALBERT HO CHUN-YAN IR DR THE HONOURABLE RAYMOND HO CHUNG-TAI, S.B.S., S.B.ST.J., J.P. THE HONOURABLE LEE CHEUK-YAN THE HONOURABLE FRED LI WAH-MING, S.B.S., J.P. DR THE HONOURABLE MARGARET NG THE HONOURABLE JAMES TO KUN-SUN THE HONOURABLE CHEUNG MAN-KWONG THE HONOURABLE CHAN KAM-LAM, S.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE MRS SOPHIE LEUNG LAU YAU-FUN, G.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE LEUNG YIU-CHUNG DR THE HONOURABLE PHILIP WONG YU-HONG, G.B.S. THE HONOURABLE WONG YUNG-KAN, S.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE LAU KONG-WAH, J.P. 10790 LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL ─ 25 May 2011 THE HONOURABLE LAU WONG-FAT, G.B.M., G.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE MIRIAM LAU KIN-YEE, G.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE EMILY LAU WAI-HING, J.P. THE HONOURABLE ANDREW CHENG KAR-FOO THE HONOURABLE TIMOTHY FOK TSUN-TING, G.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE TAM YIU-CHUNG, G.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE ABRAHAM SHEK LAI-HIM, S.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE LI FUNG-YING, S.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE TOMMY CHEUNG YU-YAN, S.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE FREDERICK FUNG KIN-KEE, S.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE AUDREY EU YUET-MEE, S.C., J.P.