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Doctor of Philosophy RICE UNIVERSITY Needed Subjects: An Ethnography of the Formation of the Inclusion Complex in Russia By Svetlana Borodina A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE Doctor of Philosophy APPROVED, THESIS COMMITTEE James Faubion James Faubion (Apr 13, 2020) James D. Faubion Dominic Boyer Professor of Anthropology Professor of Anthropology ZOë H Wool ZOë H Wool (Apr 13, 2020) Zoe Wool Assistant Professor of Anthropology Lida Oukaderova (Apr 13, 2020) Lida Oukaderova Lida Oukaderova Associate Professor of Art History HOUSTON, TEXAS May 2020 Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................................................ 4 GLOSSARY ................................................................................................................................................................. 7 DISABILITY-RELATED TERMINOLOGY ........................................................................................................................ 7 RUSSIA-RELATED TERMINOLOGY............................................................................................................................. 13 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................... 16 DISSERTATION OUTLINE .......................................................................................................................................... 16 RESEARCH METHODS ............................................................................................................................................... 21 MY POSITIONALITY .................................................................................................................................................. 24 UNIQUENESS OF BLINDNESS AS A FORM OF SOMATIC DIFFERENCE ........................................................................... 27 BRIEF HISTORY OF BLINDNESS IN RUSSIA ................................................................................................................ 33 BRIEF HISTORY OF DISABILITY IN RUSSIA ................................................................................................................ 41 DISABILITY TODAY, INCLUSION TODAY ................................................................................................................... 50 Oleg .................................................................................................................................................................... 51 Misha.................................................................................................................................................................. 53 Volodya .............................................................................................................................................................. 54 Zhenya ................................................................................................................................................................ 54 Stepan ................................................................................................................................................................. 55 Tania .................................................................................................................................................................. 56 Masha ................................................................................................................................................................. 56 CONTRIBUTION TO ANTHROPOLOGICAL CONVERSATIONS ........................................................................................ 58 PART I THE INCLUSION COMPLEX ................................................................................................................. 64 CHAPTER 1 A POSTSOCIALIST JOURNEY OF INCLUSION ........................................................................ 65 INTRODUCTION: WHEN INCLUSION TRAVELS ........................................................................................................... 65 INCLUSION AS ACADEMICS KNOW IT ........................................................................................................................ 74 DISABILITY INCLUSION ............................................................................................................................................ 82 INCLUSION’S POSTSOCIALIST HOME ......................................................................................................................... 90 SOCIAL INCLUSION OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES IN RUSSIA .................................................................................. 99 CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................................................................... 101 CHAPTER 2 INCLUSION PHANTASMAGORY ............................................................................................... 102 DISABILITY AND FAILED SCANDAL ........................................................................................................................ 107 AESTHETICS OF DISABILITY REPRESENTATION ....................................................................................................... 115 SOVIET AND POST-SOVIET REPRESENTATIONS OF DISABILITY ............................................................................... 121 Horror .............................................................................................................................................................. 122 Neglect ............................................................................................................................................................. 127 Sorrow .............................................................................................................................................................. 128 Internaty ........................................................................................................................................................... 131 Post-Soviet Forms of Rejection ........................................................................................................................ 135 AESTHETICS OF INCLUSION .................................................................................................................................... 138 INCLUSION PLOTS .................................................................................................................................................. 146 HOW FAR DOES INCLUSION TRAVEL? ..................................................................................................................... 161 CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................................................................... 165 CHAPTER 3 THE INCLUSION COMPLEX ...................................................................................................... 167 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................................... 167 VALUE CIRCULATION AND VALUE CONVERSION .................................................................................................... 171 THE COMPLEX: DIFFERENT ACTORS ....................................................................................................................... 175 The state ........................................................................................................................................................... 175 Private business ............................................................................................................................................... 182 Nonprofit organizations ................................................................................................................................... 189 2 Volunteers ........................................................................................................................................................ 193 Researchers ...................................................................................................................................................... 197 THE INCLUSION COMPLEX ...................................................................................................................................... 197 Military-industrial complex ............................................................................................................................. 198 Medical-industrial complex ............................................................................................................................. 199 Prison-industrial complex ................................................................................................................................ 200 Nonprofit-industrial complex ........................................................................................................................... 202 Inclusion complex ............................................................................................................................................ 203 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................................................
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