DOCSLIB.ORG

Air Resources Board

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Air Resources Board California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board Proposed Regulation for a California Renewable Electricity Standard Staff Report: Initial Statement of Reasons June 2010 State of California California Environmental Protection Agency AIR RESOURCES BOARD Stationary Source Division STAFF REPORT: INITIAL STATEMENT OF REASONS PROPOSED REGULATION FOR A CALIFORNIA RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY STANDARD Public Hearing to Consider the Proposed Regulation to Implement the Renewable Electricity Standard Date of Release: June 3, 2010 Scheduled for Consideration: July 22-23, 2010 Location: California Air Resources Board Byron Sher Auditorium 1001 I Street Sacramento, California 95814 This report has been reviewed by the staff of the Air Resources Board and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Air Resources Board, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use . i This Page Left Intentionally Blank ii Acknowledgments This report was prepared with the assistance and support from many individuals within the Air Resources Board; not only the principal contributors. In addition, staff would like to acknowledge the assistance and cooperation that we have received from many individuals and organizations. Finally, staff would like to acknowledge the significant contributions from the California Energy Commission, California Public Utilities Commission, and California Independent System Operator who have provided assistance throughout the rulemaking process. Air Resources Board Stationary Source Division Principal Contributors Grant Chin Keith Roderick Gary Collord Mike Scheible Joseph Fischer Win Setiawan Chris Gallenstein Mark Sippola Stephanie Kato Mark Siroky Luis Leyva Todd Suckow Camille McCallion Marcelle Surovik Andrew Mrowka Lea Yamashita Tom Pomales Lynn Yeung Special Thanks To: Office of Legal Affairs Research Division Diana Jeschke Corey Bock George Poppic Reza Mahdavi Janet Schlosser Guihua Wang Planning and Technical Support Division Enforcement Division Larry Hunsaker Judy Lewis Chris Nguyen Kitty Oliver California Energy Commission California Public Utilities Kevin Barker Commission Pam Doughman Amy Baker Angela Gould Paul Douglas Karen Griffin Sara Kamins Michael Nyberg Dina Mackin Heather Raitt Scott Murtishaw Jim Woodward Kristin Ralf-Douglas Kate Zocchetti Steve Roscow iii Acknowledgments (Continued) California Independent System Energy and Environmental Operator Economics Udi Helman Arne Olsen Phil Pettingill Doug Allen Nick Schlag University of California, Berkeley Ascent Environmental Peter Berck Sydney Coatsworth Amanda Olekszulin Amber Giffin Reviewed by : Robert D. Fletcher, Deputy Executive Officer Richard Corey, Chief, Stationary Source Division Michael Tollstrup, Chief, Project Assessment Branch Barbara Fry, Chief, Measures Assessment Branch Tony Andreoni, Chief, Research and Economic Studies Branch David Mehl, Manager, Energy Section Terrel Ferreira, Manager, Greenhouse Gas Measures Section Jim Nyarady, Manager, Strategy Evaluation Section Fereidun Feizollahi, Manager, Economic Studies Section Kitty Howard, Manager, Regulatory Assistance Section iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Number EXECUTIVE SUMMARY........................................................................................... ES-1 I. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................ I-1 A. Greenhouse Gases and Climate Change................................................ I-1 B. Legislative and Policy Directives Relating to Renewable Energy ............ I-2 C. Public Process for Development of the RES............................................ I-5 II. STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS....................................................................... II-1 III. OVERVIEW OF THE CALIFORNIA ELECTRICITY SECTOR.......................... III-1 A. Electricity Transmission and Oversight.................................................. III-1 B. Power Generation in California.............................................................. III-2 C. California’s Primary Energy Entities....................................................... III-9 D. Air Resources Board’s Role in the Electricity Sector ........................... III-10 E. Federal Agency Involvement in Electricity Activities ............................ III-11 IV. OTHER RENEWABLE ENERGY ACTIVITIES.................................................IV-1 A. California Renewables Portfolio Standard ….........................................IV-1 B. Out-of-State Renewable Programs .......................................................IV-5 C. Federal Renewable Portfolio Standard .................................................IV-8 D. Energy Agency Activities for 33 Percent Renewables Portfolio Standard..................................................................................IV-8 E. Electricity Transmission Activities..........................................................IV-9 F. Scoping Plan Measures ......................................................................IV-10 G. Renewable Energy Incentive Programs ..............................................IV-13 V. TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT........................................................................V-1 A. Description of Renewable Resources.....................................................V-1 B. Renewable Generation Development.....................................................V-8 C. Potential Renewable Resources to Satisfy the Proposed 33 Percent RES....................................................................V-15 D. Transmission and Grid Operation Considerations for Integrating Renewable Generation .........................................................................V-30 VI. RENEWABLE ENERGY CREDITS (RECs)......................................................VI-1 A. Description of RECs...............................................................................VI-1 B. CPUC’s Decision on Tradable RECs (TRECs) ......................................VI-5 v VII. REGULATORY DESIGN ASSESSMENT........................................................VII-1 A. Comparison of the RPS Program to the Proposed RES ......................VII-1 B. Primary Areas Where the Proposed RES Diverges from the RPS Program .........................................................................VII-2 VIII. SUMMARY AND RATIONALE FOR THE PROPOSED REGULATION .........VIII-1 A. Overview of the Proposed Regulation..................................................VIII-1 B. Purpose...............................................................................................VIII-1 C. Applicability..........................................................................................VIII-2 D. Partial Exemption.................................................................................VIII-2 E. Definitions............................................................................................VIII-3 F. Renewable Electricity Standard Obligations .......................................VIII-5 G. Renewable Electricity Standard Requirements....................................VIII-7 H. Banking and Trading of RECs .............................................................VIII-8 I. Monitoring, Verification, and Compliance.............................................VIII-9 J. Certification of Eligible Renewable Energy Resources........................VIII-9 K. Interagency Cooperation......................................................................VIII-9 L. Enforcement .....................................................................................VIII-10 M. Confidential Information.....................................................................VIII-10 N. Regulation Review.............................................................................VIII-10 O. Severability........................................................................................VIII-11 P. Rational for the Proposed Regulation................................................VIII-11 IX. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS..........................................................................IX-1 A. Summary of the Environmental Analysis...............................................IX-2 B. GHG Emission Benefits from Renewable Generation ...........................IX-4 C. Air Quality Impacts.................................................................................IX-5 D. Public Health Impacts..........................................................................IX-21 E. Impacted Communities........................................................................IX-22 F. Other Environmental Impacts..............................................................IX-29 X. ECONOMIC IMPACTS......................................................................................X-1 A. Summary of the Economic Impacts........................................................X-1 B. Legal Requirements................................................................................X-2 C. Cost Estimation.......................................................................................X-2 D. Cost-Effectiveness..................................................................................X-7 E. Impact on Residential Electricity Bills......................................................X-7 F. Impact on Small Business.....................................................................X-11
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Renewable Tracking Progress Appendix
    California Energy Commission – Tracking Progress Renewable Energy Advancing the use and availability of renewable energy is critical to achieving California’s ambitious climate goals. With this in mind, California has pursued a suite of policies and programs aimed at advancing renewable energy and ensuring all Californians, including low- income and disadvantaged communities, benefit from this transition. This report presents the state’s progress in meeting its renewable energy goals and provides an updated analysis through 2018 of renewable energy generation, installed renewable capacity, and a discussion of the trends, opportunities, and challenges associated with the renewable energy transition. More detailed figures and tables are included in the appendix.1 Renewable Energy Serving California Consumers Annual Renewable Percentage: Renewables Portfolio Standard Progress An increasing percentage of energy consumed by Californians comes from renewable sources. A key mandate advancing the use of renewable energy has been the Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS), which requires California load-serving entities2 (LSEs) to increase their procurement of eligible renewable energy resources (solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, and small hydroelectric) to 33 percent of retail sales by 2020 and 60 percent of retail sales by 2030. Based on reported electric generation from RPS-eligible sources divided by forecasted electricity retail sales for 2019, the California Energy Commission (CEC) estimates that 36 percent of California’s 2019 retail electricity sales was served by RPS-eligible renewable resources as shown in Figure 1. Although this number is not a final RPS determination, it is an important indicator of progress in achieving California’s RPS goals. Figure 1: Estimated Current Renewables Portfolio Standard Progress Source: CEC staff analysis, December 2019 The annual renewable percentage estimated by the CEC has continued to increase in recent years, often ahead of the timelines envisioned by prior legislation.
    [Show full text]
  • Barriers, Opportunities, and Research Needs Draft Report
    Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) Program FINAL PROJECT REPORT TASK 5. Biomass Energy in California’s Future: Barriers, Opportunities, and Research Needs_ Draft Report Prepared for: California Energy Commission Prepared by: UC Davis California Geothermal Energy Collaborative DECEMBER 2013 CEC‐500‐01‐016 Prepared by: Primary Author(s): Stephen Kaffka, University of California, Davis Robert Williams, University of California, Davis Douglas Wickizer, University of California, Davis UC Davis California Geothermal Energy Collaborative 1715 Tilia St. Davis, CA 95616 www.cgec.ucdavis.edu Contract Number: 500‐01‐016 Prepared for: California Energy Commission Michael Sokol Contract Manager Reynaldo Gonzalez Office Manager Energy Generation Research Office Laurie ten Hope Deputy Director Energy Research & Development Division Robert P. Oglesby Executive Director DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as the result of work sponsored by the California Energy Commission. It does not necessarily represent the views of the Energy Commission, its employees or the State of California. The Energy Commission, the State of California, its employees, contractors and subcontractors make no warrant, express or implied, and assume no legal liability for the information in this report; nor does any party represent that the uses of this information will not infringe upon privately owned rights. This report has not been approved or disapproved by the California Energy Commission nor has the California Energy Commission passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of the information in this report. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The California Goethermal Energy Collaborative would like to thank the California Energy Commission and its Public Interest Energy Research Program (PIER) for sponsoring this important work as well as the Geothermal Energy Association for assisting in tracking down the most up to date data both within the United States and abroad.
    [Show full text]
  • Postscripts Alumni Association Spring 2015 TSSW Alumna Reigns As Queen Tucks XLVII by Joseph Halm, TSSW Communications T Is Good to Be Queen
    School of Social Work Postscripts Alumni Association Spring 2015 TSSW Alumna reigns as Queen Tucks XLVII By Joseph Halm, TSSW Communications t is good to be queen. That’sI how TSSW alumna Brooks Zitzmann (MSW ’09) sums up her time as Queen Tucks XLVII, but she added that the experience has been more rewarding than words can describe. “It’s been a whirlwind but it’s been an amazing experience,” Zitzmann said. “From hosting parties as part of my royal duties to the Coronation Ball, it’s been very special and exceptionally fun. I grew up in Tucks, so this experience feels like a rite of passage for me.” This year, the Tucks royalty had a decidedly Tulane flavor, as King Tucks XLVII John Randle also is a Tulane alumnus. Zitzmann has been a float captain for the past eight years, and her father and Brooks Zitzmann (MSW ’09) reigned as Queen stepmother previously reigned as royalty in Tucks XLVII. Brooks’ father and stepmother the Krewe of Tucks. have served as Tucks Royalty, and she credited the support of her family for her ability to serve This Carnival season also has been unique as queen while also pursuing her doctoral edu- Story continues on page 2 cation. (Photo by Zack Smith) Dean’s update Saying Farewell to Ms. Brown f anytime in the last 28 years this semester and we wish her youI applied to the School of every happiness. Social Work, you came to know Ms. Brown has been the face Ms. Gail Brown. of admissions and financial aid Of course, if you accepted at the School for nearly three admission to the School, you decades.
    [Show full text]
  • Incorporating Renewables Into the Electric Grid: Expanding Opportunities for Smart Markets and Energy Storage
    INCORPORATING RENEWABLES INTO THE ELECTRIC GRID: EXPANDING OPPORTUNITIES FOR SMART MARKETS AND ENERGY STORAGE June 2016 Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 5 I. Technical and Economic Considerations in Renewable Integration .......................................................... 7 Characteristics of a Grid with High Levels of Variable Energy Resources ................................................. 7 Technical Feasibility and Cost of Integration .......................................................................................... 12 II. Evidence on the Cost of Integrating Variable Renewable Generation ................................................... 15 Current and Historical Ancillary Service Costs ........................................................................................ 15 Model Estimates of the Cost of Renewable Integration ......................................................................... 17 Evidence from Ancillary Service Markets................................................................................................ 18 Effect of variable generation on expected day-ahead regulation mileage......................................... 19 Effect of variable generation on actual regulation mileage ..............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Green Economic Recovery: Wind Energy Tax Policy After Financial Crisis and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Tax Act of 2009
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by University of Oregon Scholars' Bank JEFFRY S. HINMAN∗ The Green Economic Recovery: Wind Energy Tax Policy After Financial Crisis and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Tax Act of 2009 I. The Benefits, Challenges, and Potential of the U.S. Wind Industry................................................................................... 39 A. Environmental Benefits of Wind...................................... 40 B. Economic Benefits of Wind ............................................. 41 1. Jobs and Economic Activity........................................ 41 2. Competitiveness with Traditional Power Plants ......... 43 C. Challenges for the Wind Energy Industry ......................... 44 1. Efficiency, Grid Access, and Intermittency ................ 44 2. Environmental Concerns and Local Opposition ......... 45 II. Federal Support for Renewable Energy Past and Present ....... 46 A. Renewable Energy Tax Policy 1978 to 1992 .................... 47 1. The National Energy Act of 1978 ............................... 48 2. Additional State-Level Tax Incentives in California During the 1980s ....................................... 50 3. The California Wind Boom......................................... 51 4. Shortcomings of the Wind Boom................................ 52 5. The Free Market Approach 1986 to 1992 ................... 53 ∗ J.D., University of Oregon School of Law, 2009; Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Environmental Law and Litigation, 2008–2009; Recipient, Tax Law Certificate of Completion; B.S., Oregon State University, 2002. I want to thank the editorial staff of the Journal of Environmental Law and Litigation for their friendship and masterful edits. I also want to extend my appreciation to the excellent tax law faculty at the University of Oregon, Professors Roberta Mann and Nancy Shurtz, for their guidance and feedback. Finally, and most importantly, I owe a huge debt of gratitude to my incredible wife Kathleen for her patience and support.
    [Show full text]
  • California's Energy Future
    California’s Energy Future: The View to 2050 Summary Report May 2011 Jane C. S. Long (co-chair) LEGAL NOTICE This report was prepared pursuant to a contract between the California Energy Commission (CEC) and the California Council on Science and Technology (CCST). It does not represent the views of the CEC, its employees, or the State of California. The CEC, the State of California, its employees, contractors, and subcontractors make no warranty, express or implied, and assume no legal liability for the information in this report; nor does any party represent that the use of this information will not infringe upon privately owned rights. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would also like to thank the Stephen Bechtel Fund and the California Energy Commision for their contributions to the underwriting of this project. We would also like to thank the California Air Resources Board for their continued support and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory for underwriting the leadership of this effort. COPYRIGHT Copyright 2011 by the California Council on Science and Technology. Library of Congress Cataloging Number in Publications Data Main Entry Under Title: California’s Energy Future: A View to 2050 May 2011 ISBN-13: 978-1-930117-44-0 Note: The California Council on Science and Technology (CCST) has made every reasonable effort to assure the accuracy of the information in this publication. However, the contents of this publication are subject to changes, omissions, and errors, and CCST does not accept responsibility for any inaccuracies that may occur. CCST is a non-profit organization established in 1988 at the request of the California State Government and sponsored by the major public and private postsecondary institutions of California and affiliate federal laboratories in conjunction with leading private-sector firms.
    [Show full text]
  • April 2020 Nisan / Iyyar 5780
    April 2020 Nisan / Iyyar 5780 www.ti-stl.org WORSHIPSHABBAT WORSHIPSERVICE SCHEDULESCHEDULE Friday, April 3, 2020 Be a mensch and 5:45 pm Tot Shabbat 6:00 pm Pre-Oneg 6:30 pm Shabbat services & Kabbalat HaSiddur with participation by our 3rd grade Religious School class VOTE! Music by Rob Aronson Torah Portion: Tzav As Jews, is it important to vote? Friday, April 10, 2020 As partners with God in the act of fixing the world 6:00 pm Pre-Oneg (tikkun olam), Jews believe that we have a very holy 6:30 pm Shabbat services and real purpose in making the world a better place. Music by Chavurat Shira Choir Part of that is the responsibility to play an active role Torah Portion: Pesach Chol Hamoeid in the wider community and in choosing its leaders. Friday, April 17, 2020 Historically, Jews have understood that wherever we 6:00 pm Pre-Oneg live as citizens, we are bound in contract with that 6:30 pm Shabbat services society, and we have to do what we can for the public Music by The Ruach Band good, even beyond what directly impacts us as a Torah Portion: Sh’mini Jewish community. That’s why American Jews especially have always valued the right and Saturday, April 18, 2020 responsibility of participating in the political process. 11:00 am Shabbat services & We vote not just because of “Jewish issues” like Israel Bat Mitzvah of Zoe Tenenbaum, and Middle-East policy, but because we know that daughter of Marissa & Jordan every election brings opportunities to make our entire Zoe Tenenbaum society stronger, healthier, and better for the greater Friday, April 24, 2020 good.
    [Show full text]
  • Reproductions Supplied by EDRS Are the Best That Can Be Made from the Original Document
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 449 734 HE 033 734 AUTHOR Seifer, Sarena D., Ed.; Hermanns, Kris, Ed.; Lewis, Judy, Ed. TITLE Creating Community-Responsive Physicians: Concepts and Models for Service-Learning in Medical Education. AAHE's Series on Service-Learning in the Disciplines. INSTITUTION American Association for Higher Education, Washington, DC. ISBN ISBN-1-56377-014-8 PUB DATE 2000-00-00 NOTE 185p.; For other documents in this series, see HE 033 726-743. Initial funding for this series was supplied by Campus Compact. Published in cooperation with Community-Campus Partnerships for Health. AVAILABLE FROM American Association for Higher Education, One Dupont Circle, Suite 360, Washington, DC 20036-1110 ($28.50). Tel: 202-293-6440; Fax: 202-293-0073; E-mail: [email protected]; Web site: www.aahe.org. PUB TYPE Books (010)-- Collected Works - General (020) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC08 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Clinical Teaching (Health Professions); College Students; Community Services; Graduate Study; Health Promotion; Higher Education; Homeless People; Intellectual Disciplines; Interdisciplinary Approach; Kindergarten Children; *Medical Education; Medical Students; Mental Disorders; Partnerships in Education; *Physicians; Primary Education; Primary Health Care; Program Evaluation; Psychiatry; Public Schools; Research; School Community Programs; *Service Learning; Socialization; Student Participation; Student Volunteers; Total Quality Management; Urban Areas IDENTIFIERS Health Sciences; Physician Role ABSTR7',CT This volume is part of a series of 18 monographs
    [Show full text]
  • California's Water-Energy Relationship
    CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION California's Water – Energy Relationship Prepared in Support of the 2005 Integrated EPORT Energy Policy Report Proceeding (04-IEPR-01E) R TAFF S INAL F NOVEMBER 2005 CEC-700-2005-011-SF Arnold Schwarzenegger, Governor 1 CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION Primary Author Gary Klein California Energy Commission Martha Krebs Deputy Director Energy Research and Development Division Valerie Hall Deputy Director Energy Efficiency & Demand Analysis Division Terry O’Brien Deputy Director Systems Assessment & Facilities Siting Division B. B. Blevins Executive Director DISCLAIMER This paper was prepared as the result of work by one or more members of the staff of the California Energy Commission. It does not necessarily represent the views of the Energy Commission, its employees, or the State of California. The Energy Commission, the State of California, its employees, contractors and subcontractors make no warrant, express or implied, and assume no legal liability for the information in this paper; nor does any party represent that the uses of this information will not infringe upon privately owned rights. This paper has not been approved or disapproved by the California Energy Commission nor has the California Energy Commission passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of the information in this paper. 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The California’s Water-Energy Relationship report is the product of contributions by many California Energy Commission staff and consultants, including Ricardo Amon, Shahid Chaudhry, Thomas S. Crooks, Marilyn Davin, Joe O’Hagan, Pramod Kulkarni, Kae Lewis, Laurie Park, Paul Roggensack, Monica Rudman, Matt Trask, Lorraine White and Zhiqin Zhang. Staff would also like to thank the members of the Water-Energy Working Group who so graciously gave of their time and expertise to inform this report.
    [Show full text]
  • Wind Energy Is Not the Answer
    WIND ENERGY IS NOT THE ANSWER by Bradley S. Tupii Abstract. Wind energy is not the answer to climate change concerns and cannot do the heavy lifting required by the modern American economy. It would take hundreds of thousands of wind turbines to make a substantial contribution to America’s energy needs. Building so many turbines inevitably causes conflicts with human and animal habitats. Wind turbine noise is a serious problem for those who live in the vicinity of so-called wind farms. * * * Introduction. Wind energy is not a modern phenomenon. Man harnessed the wind with sailboats and windmills hundreds of years ago. Charles Brush developed a wind-powered electric generator in 1888.2 Small, wind-powered generators such as the Jacobs Wind-Electric Machine became popular in the Midwest in the early 20th Century.3 These windmills became obsolete when Depression-era programs brought more reliable electric power to rural areas.4 Wind energy began a slow resurgence during the Carter administration when the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 19785 fostered state tax incentives for wind power development and allowed non-utility energy producers to sell electricity to utilities.6 Currently, wind power is hailed by some as a key weapon in the battle against global warming and as an important contributor to American energy independence. This paper will argue that wind energy is neither. Wind power cannot generate enough reliable electricity to replace conventional energy sources, including those that generate greenhouse gases. Assuming for the sake of argument that carbon dioxide is contributing to global climate change, wind power will not materially reduce CO2 emissions.
    [Show full text]
  • Energy from Wind, Water and Solar Power by 2030
    RETHINKING “HOBBITS” THE EVERYTHING TV What They Mean for Human Evolution Get Ready for the Wide-Screen Web The Long-Lost Siblings of OUR SUN page 40 November 2009 www.Scientif cAmerican.com A Plan for a Sustainable Future How to get all energy from wind, water and solar power by 2030 Chronic Pain What Goes Wrong Plus: • The Future of Cars • Farms in Skyscrapers $5.99 ENERGY A PATH TO SUSTAINABLE ENERGY BY 2030 Wind, water and n December leaders from around the world for at least a decade, analyzing various pieces of will meet in Copenhagen to try to agree on the challenge. Most recently, a 2009 Stanford solar technologies Icutting back greenhouse gas emissions for University study ranked energy systems accord- can provide decades to come. The most effective step to im- ing to their impacts on global warming, pollu- 100 percent of the plement that goal would be a massive shift away tion, water supply, land use, wildlife and other from fossil fuels to clean, renewable energy concerns. The very best options were wind, so- ) dam world’s energy, sources. If leaders can have conf dence that such lar, geothermal, tidal and hydroelectric pow- ( eliminating all a transformation is possible, they might commit er—all of which are driven by wind, water or to an historic agreement. We think they can. sunlight (referred to as WWS). Nuclear power, fossil fuels. A year ago former vice president Al Gore coal with carbon capture, and ethanol were all Photos Aurora HERE’S HOW threw down a gauntlet: to repower America poorer options, as were oil and natural gas.
    [Show full text]
  • Biomass Energy Production in California: the Case for a Biomass Policy Initiative
    November 2000 • NREL/SR-570-28805 Biomass Energy Production in California: The Case for a Biomass Policy Initiative Final Report Gregory Morris Green Power Institute Berkeley, California National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy Laboratory Operated by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 November 2000 • NREL/SR-570-28805 Biomass Energy Production in California: The Case for a Biomass Policy Initiative Final Report Gregory Morris Green Power Institute Berkeley, California NREL Technical Monitor: Richard Bain Prepared under Subcontract No. AXE-9-18132 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy Laboratory Operated by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof.
    [Show full text]