A Life of Her

8 ISSUES AND INSIGHTS MUMBAI | 12 OCTOBER 2019 > The soft power Passport and patriotism My Indian passport has many disadvantages. But it’s me myth November, was also issued in London. India’s much more serious abuses by both the had a white passport and she produced one deputy high commissioner in Singapore was authorities and VIPs like the Indian tycoon that was red, explaining, “The Indian gov- as “soft power” responsible for the one before. I had forgotten who mistakenly pulled out his second pass- ernment has very kindly given me this diplo- been over - the man until half-way through a diplomatic port, a Swiss one, at a five-star hotel recep- matic passport.” At the Air India counter, H rated? occasion in another part of the world it sud- tion. But those are beyond my ken. where I also checked in, she was, of course, Traditionally, many denly dawned on me that he had once been My worst passport memory is from instantly recognised, lionised and upgraded. have argued that it is a my benefactor. Unusual for an Indian Dhaka’s dingy Lalbagh police station way Some time later, she appeared on the spiral significant component bureaucrat, he had been too polite to mention back in 1965 when I had to pay several visits stairs leading down from business — or first of a nation-state’s the debt. I say debt because in the bad old to ancestral Brahmanbaria in what was then — class looking for me. She wanted to know international influ- days before Maneka Gandhi’s plea estab- East Pakistan. Deplaning in Dhaka, one had what a white passport was. When I explained ence. India, for exam- lished a citizen’s right to a passport, succes- to rush to register at Lalbagh as the law it was an official passport, she murmured, ple, has consistently WHERE MONEY TALKS sive passport officers in India made one feel demanded before boarding the Green Arrow “Thank you. That will be very useful for my emphasised soft power SUNANDA K DATTA-RAY like a grovelling applicant for illicit favours. train for Chittagong. There was always a pile sisters who have to bring back medicines and components of its One incumbent hinted that a reciprocal ges- of red India-Pakistan travel passports to be things”, and went back to her business — or TICKER international outreach ture would not be amiss. cleared, and the police officer on duty always first class — abode. — International Yoga He dismissed my existing passport, also shoved my blue passport to the bottom of I have often been asked in the 65 years MIHIR SHARMA Day being one of the assports are a hateful token of the issued in London, as a document of conven- the heap. Each time he came to it, he would that I have travelled continuously (not count- most recent and high politicisation of a fractured world, ience given only because the government in again put it last and continue with the red ing a family visit to Brahmanbaria in pre- profile aspects of this P symbolising the elevation of petty its compassion didn’t want to leave an Indian passports while I gnawed my nails in anxiety passport 1949 when we all had single-sheet strategy, but Hindi movies have perhaps been the most national sovereignty above universalism that abroad unprotected. Now that I was back, for fear of missing the train. Once I made so India-Pakistan travel papers) why I didn’t long-standing component. No evaluation of Sino- explains Brexit. There’s a sense of utter final- my financial, educational, political, profes- bold as to hesitantly draw his attention to acquire a British passport. The answer isn’t American tensions going forward is complete without an ity, too, about the booklet I have just collected sional and social credentials would be scru- my dilemma and received such a snarl and a any lofty patriotism. The answer is that I analysis of how American soft power is a crucial aspect of from India House in London for it will in all tinised before deciding if I was a fit person shouted order that I retreated in terror. East would have been embarrassed to plonk down its competitive arsenal. probability be my last passport. I said so casu- for the President of the Republic of India to Pakistan is now Bangladesh. The police reg- the royal coat of arms (or the American eagle But some recent developments make it clear that this ally to the cheerfully scruffy but very helpful accept responsibility for me. The police, too, istration requirement has gone. But has the for that matter) on a third country’s immi- narrative needs to be complicated. The United States’ consular assistant who was horrified. “You were on the take. Groups of them turned up mind behind the law, the attitude that gration counter. It would have seemed like National Basketball Association or NBA has run into mustn’t say such things!” he exclaimed in night after night for free drinks and dinner shaped it, changed? impersonation. My Indian passport has trouble following a statement by an official for the Hindi, “and during the puja too in Kolkata!” at a Chinese restaurant whose owner and his I once bumped into Mother Teresa wan- many disadvantages. But it’s me. Houston basketball team that expressed support for the My old passport, which has now been can- family were waiting for passports to emi- dering around Bangkok airport looking lost. Being for 10 years, the new one will last out pro-democracy protestors in Hong Kong. There was an celled although it could have run to mid- grate. Of course, there were and are many Offering to help her check in, I asked if she my lifetime. outcry in mainland China, and the NBA dissociated itself from the statement. One Chinese-origin owner of an NBA team — Joe Tsai, an early backer of Alibaba — managed to respond by linking the tweet to the Opium Wars in the nineteenth century. (Mainland Chinese nationalists LUNCH WITH BS > AMRUTA FADNAVIS | BANKER, SINGER & SOCIAL ACTIVIST can link anything to the Opium Wars, presumably because they have so little other reasons for a grievance against the world.) Subsequently, fans expressing pro- Hong Kong sentiments have reportedly been ejected from American sports games (basketball again, but this time in Philadelphia). The NBA is very popular in mainland China. The tradi- A life of her own tional “soft power” assumption here would be that this means that American values of free speech and openness answer would match that of any young urban have a route into mainlanders’ hearts thanks to their fond- Fadnavis talks to Pavan Lall about her vision of educated professional, expect she has an ness for the NBA. But perhaps that traditional assumption India, getting trolled online, and her views on what inside track. "It's clearly the poor infrastruc- is wrong — in fact, it might be the case that we need to do ture and heavy traffic but I can tell you that a full 180-degree turn, and wonder if it works in the oppo- it would take to fix the country’s infrastructure new project files have been cleared, work has site direction in some cases. When you rely on the private started and those things will make a difference sector to project soft power, then, it is now becoming clear, when completed." the profit motive means that you are in fact providing a hen one holds a public office, endur- by; I'm actually mocked,” she laments. For the Part of the problem is that all the talent in lever to other countries instead of extending the strength ing the vicissitudes of fame are par record, while Fadnavis counts Asha Bhosle this part of the nation ends up in Mumbai. of your own. W for the course. For the spouse of a and Lata Mangeshkar as her all-time Decentralising the city and developing satel- Hollywood movies have long been subject to this phe- VIP, however, such an existence can include favourites, she also experiments with Toni lite towns is one solution. For example, mov- nomenon. During the Cold War, it was common to have exhilarating pros and unimagined cons. That's Braxton and Celine Dion ballads. ing government offices to townships nearby movies that impacted on geopolitical issues in which the something Amruta Fadnavis, wife of And then there are the barbs. Only recent- would reduce the incoming traffic to certain villains were related somehow to the Eastern bloc, or which Maharashtra Chief Minister Devendra ly, social media was rife with speculation that pockets of the city. "Cities need more parks. expressed the Western bloc’s values in clear contradistinc- Fadnavis, has learned to come to terms with Axis Bank, where she's worked for the last There ought to be a park five or 10 minutes tion to those the Soviet Union might espouse. But you — and as some would say — the hard way. decade, was on an account-opening spree for from all homes," she adds. The other issue she would struggle to imagine a similar movie made about Our lunch venue is at the sprawling police officers. The suggestion was the feels strongly about is farmer suicides. People mainland China in recent years. Now that it is a giant mar- Varsha Bungalow, the Chief Minister's official accounts were awarded to Axis because of her killing themselves for ~25,000 is frustrating, ket for any big-budget movie, not a single value expressed and imposing residence in the heart of husband's position. Fadnavis, vice-president she says. "We have to create systems where through movies is likely to challenge the foundation of the Malabar Hills complete with gun-toting secu- and corporate head for West India at Axis landlords can't push people to their deaths Communist Party’s authoritarian control. Worse, it will rity personnel, patrol cars and the accompa- Bank, says those accounts were opened sev- because that perpetuates a cycle. Children of mean that studios bend over backward to indulge every nying bureaucracy. As we meet during the eral years ago — well before her husband such people also go ahead and commit sui- single whim of the Chinese government or the most Ganpati festivities, the menu will be vegetar- became chief minister. Then she shrugs as if cide," she says, adding, efforts are on to extreme of its hyper-nationalist online commenters. Earlier ian, I am told. En route to the dining hall, I to say those are things you can do precious change things around. She then talks about this year, when the trailer for the sequel to the 1980s classic am greeted by my hostess, who at first little about. scientific farming and a water conservation Top Gun was released, the extent to which studios are will- appearance could easily be mistaken for a TV Before coming to Mumbai, Fadnavis got a scheme named Jalyukt Shivar Abhiyan that ing to go became clear. In the original movie, Tom Cruise’s soap star and at 40 may well be among the BCom degree from the GS College of aims to make Maharashtra a drought-free state leather jacket carried patches from the air forces of youngest in her position. Commerce & Economics in Nagpur and then by 2019. American allies, including Japan and Taiwan. In the sequel, She was born to parents based in Nagpur. an MBA in finance from Symbiosis College in I'm done with my lunch and taste a little the jacket was identical — except those patches were miss- Her father, Sharad Ranade, was an ophthal- Pune. After that she joined Axis Bank in 2003 bit of the gulab jamun placed in front of me. ing. Nothing underlines the cowardice of Hollywood more mologist, and her mother, Charulata Ranade, as an executive trainee. Then, around 2005, "That's homemade... from Nagpur," she says. than the fact that it is willing even to compromise on a a gynaecologist. Her early years were spent she was introduced to her husband-to-be by When will India's political parties come movie about courageous mavericks. learning music, playing tennis and assisting her parents through some common friends. together for a common vision instead of adopt- You think that’s the deepest they’re willing to go? her parents in social projects that included “The marriage was completely arranged with ing a winner takes all approach designed to Consider that the last reboot of The Karate Kid didn’t have free eye check-up camps for the under- horoscopes being compared and all.” After a obliterate the Opposition? "There's a reason the protagonist practising karate at all. Nope, it was all kung served. She is emphatic that her performance couple of months or so of knowing each other for that and you have to ask what is the driver fu, because karate is clearly too offensively Japanese for in the classroom was remarkable. “It was the couple decided to take the plunge. of politics? Ask any young person who wants Chinese audiences. always first or second in school, nothing else,” Was two months long enough time to take to get into it and the real reason will be fame, What is truly ridiculous is that nobody imagines that she says. Was that because of an unbridled a decision of a lifetime? "At the time Deven money and power — not to bring about the NBA or Hollywood is likely to kowtow to American love for academics? “No, it’s because I am (Devendra) was a second-time MLA from empowered change in the society." The other power in the same way. NBA stars and managers can hap- very competitive,” comes the answer with a Nagpur West and we knew nothing about pol- issue is that we have just too many political pily insult either Democratic or Republican parties, the slow-spreading smile. itics but had heard that he used his position parties in the system, not to mention extrem- president, the American system of government. Fans shout- Our thalis, made of an alloy of nine dif- for a lot of social work and bringing about ities of wealth, she adds. ing “Help Puerto Rico” at a sports game are never going to ferent metals, arrive along with glasses of change, which resonated with my parents and A growing concern is that India is staring be ejected. Hollywood constantly makes movies viciously water and extras. It's a colourful medley of me," she says, adding that she made it clear at a protracted economic slowdown. Is that attacking American political parties or big business or inter- classic Marathi fare that includes dal, a cab- from day one that she would not be tied to the something that concerns the banker in her? national finance. But Beijing’s authoritarian power or its bage preparation, spiced soybean, green kitchen by her apron strings and would have "We are in a down cycle and there are liquidity irredentist impulses would not be challenged in the same beans and yogurt. Fadnavis is served a mixed a life of her own. "He was okay with that," issues, and there is a definite slowdown that way. An outspoken Houston basketball star, who created green salad speckled with red pomegranate Fadnavis says. is more pronounced in some sectors than oth- headlines in the past by speaking out about police violence grains. I throw her a quizzical look. “Too She has actually built a life of her own. In ILLUSTRATION BY BINAY SINHA ers — namely, real estate, manufacturing. against African-Americans, on this occasion said “we love many sweets, too much eating out the last recent years, Fadnavis has walked the ramp More liquidity ought to ease the stress and it's everything they’re (China) about”. The contrast could not few days,” is the explanation. in New York as a showstopper to promote the some green vegetables. They're not oily but important to realise that this is a cycle and be more stark. So what's it like to be a VIP's wife? I see a cause of young girls, has sung with Amitabh have a fiery after-kick. I try the dal which is that it will get better." Soft power is supposed to be about the ability to project smile appear. “It's easier to get things done Bachchan, adopted two villages to help mod- similarly punchy. Seconds later, waiters mag- What is that one wish the chief minister's values. But it turns out that the only people who are suc- quickly. Every door opens, you always get a ernise them, worked with acid attack victims ically appear to replace empty segments on wife has? "I wish for India to be a super power cessfully projecting their values on to the rest of the world reception, and the associated respect and pres- and even won awards for playback singing. my plate. I realise this is a trap and that the but with compassion, without losing our core using American soft power are the mainland Chinese. Only tige is wonderful.” she says. The downside? “I'm a different person when I'm on stage,” thali will never be over unless I dismiss the values and while keeping tolerance in place." money matters. That’s the hardest power of all. Her life is always under public glare. “I get she tells me. waiters once and for all. That's a platform that might have a political trolled online for singing — which is my hob- I take a bite of a crisp roti and scoop up What irks Fadnavis about India? Her future one day... History keeper of Beni Ka Purwa With friends like these...

every pond or well dug in the village. land anymore because of water scarcity. “I like maverick people,” I’ve explained pepper set — pinched with confidence Sadly, she could also chronicle the “People seem poorer than they used to to my children when they’ve held them rather than guilt. There has been the occa- demise of each big tree and the drying be though paradoxically, they have more up as examples of people not to fraternise sional robe too, but only when the hotel up of every single village well and money than their fathers did,” she said. with. (Truth is, I find it difficult to pass has helpfully initialled it with the letters pond. Listening to her, I realised she It began to rain and Mulia Devi com- moral judgement on others.) “You don’t of one’s name, making recycling impos- wasn’t just the village’s history keeper mented that a good monsoon could give up on people simply because of some sible. I don’t really like the slippers pro- — she was also a living chronicle of its breathe new life into the trees and wells tiny flaw,” I’ve explained to them. Only to vided in hotel rooms, so I’ve never had transformation from being a water- in the village. For, every successive be reminded of the time one “forgot” to the urge to pick those up — but my wife abundant area to one now known for drought has resulted in the demise of return a considerable sum of money he’d has managed to save a set of fruit plates its crippling summer drought. the trees her husband and father-in- borrowed on the promise of returning it purloined one visit at a time from her “When I arrived in this village, all law planted decades ago. Mulia Devi the following day. Another was found hotel room, when buying a dozen might PEOPLE LIKE THEM one had to do was dig a two-foot trench pointed to a depression on the banks lurking in the neighbourhood bushes after have been simpler — and less expensive. and groundwater would pool in,” she of the pond. “A huge neem tree stood PEOPLE LIKE US inviting us home, to be informed by his And what does one make of an GEETANJALI KRISHNA said, her fingers busy on rosary beads. here, planted when I came here as a wife that they weren’t in the mood to acquaintance — my wife’s — who, when The pond across the temple had water bride over 80 years ago,” she said. KISHORE SINGH entertain that evening, and slamming the invited to spend an evening with us, left all year round. “Over 30 years ago, my “When it fell, I felt an old friend had door on our face. Or the night that a neigh- behind a large gift bag which, when am increasingly fascinated by family had a well made next to it,” she died.” With the gradual demise of old bour asked to be allowed home to watch opened after she had left post several ‘lived’ oral histories, especially, the said. “When the well was being dug, trees, she said as she hobbled over to f you’re known by the company you the World Cup on our television because hugs and endearments, turned out to I ones told to me by people who have there was so much water at 24-feet that offer prayers at the base of an ancient keep then ours hasn’t been partic- his TV was bust, then asked his friends consist of several years’ assiduous collect- been on this planet for almost a centu- they couldn’t dig any deeper.” Not far peepal, the villagers lost much more I ularly salubrious. Among our mot- over, who helped themselves to our bar ing of hotel pickings — soaps, shampoos, ry. Some time ago, while in Beni Ka from it, there was a larger pond. “It was than the shade they provided. “The ley friends are gasbags, kleptomaniacs, and left the home trashed. conditioners and moisturisers? At a loss, Purwa, a tiny hamlet in UP’s Banda dis- deep enough for an elephant to drown,” death of every tree eroded the soul of pretenders and charlatans. There are There are some we’ve supped with, or my wife did the only sensible thing — trict, I met 95-year-old Mulia Devi. Bent she recalled. With the increasing pres- the village,” she said. those who’ve pinched our ideas, jobs had a drink or coffee with — often as a promptly shared the spoils with the staff. double but surprisingly spry, she’d just sure of population and the consequent Mulia Devi has also noticed that and friends. We’ve been asked out for professional courtesy — who are cooling A seasoned thief when it comes to pinch- finished cleaning the village temple need for more land and water, the two over the last few years, people are dig- dinner to a restaurant but left to pay the their heels in judicial custody in London, ing plants from her varied circle of when we saw each other. She invited ponds started drying up in the summer ging more and more tube wells in the bill on some flimsy pretext. Our cars Mumbai or New Delhi. It’s enough to friends, she stands vigil when her kitty me to sit with her in the shady court- about 10 years ago. “The land just could- village. “The more the number of tube have been borrowed and returned bat- cause you to lose faith in mankind. Those gang visits to ensure they don’t return the yard. I did and she rewarded me with n’t keep up with the thirst of the grow- wells, the less the amount of water tered and bruised. Some have asked for are the ones who flew too close to the sun, compliment. Unfortunately, she isn’t her story. ing population,” she said. “Only the there seems to be,” she said. “In the loans of clothes, others of furnishings, but our intimate circle is less prone to such always on her guard when inside the Mulia Devi came to Beni Ka Purwa pond in front of the temple remains; the same way, the more the number of some even our home for setting up grand malarkey, more likely to pinch hotel home — which is why we don’t know who (named after her late husband) as a 12- bigger pond has long gone and houses people in my village, the lonelier I feel meetings with prospective suitors for towels than shareholders’ wealth. made off with the cutlery at the last party. year-old bride. She recalled with preci- have been built over it now,” she said. now that my generation is almost their children whose weddings we The proof of our pilferage is confined Be warned: She’ll be watching closely sion when each tree was planted, and Small farmers aren’t able to till their entirely gone.” haven’t been invited to. to the odd toilet roll, ashtray or salt-and- when we visit next. OPINION 9 >

Volume VII Number 11 MUMBAI | 12 OCTOBER 2019 WEEKEND RUMINATIONS The ghost of Swadeshinomics T N NINAN RSS’s economic philosophy laid out by Mohan Bhagwat runs contrary to Modi government’s recent Privatisation to the rescue policies. And it is unlikely to prevail he Sarsanghchalak, as the Rashtriya power. Later that year, on October 14, Thengadi passed he idea of the moment is privatisation. Railway stations and trains, Swayamsewak Sangh (RSS) calls its chief, away. Probably with the satisfaction that the new UPA airports, the Container Corporation, Shipping Corporation, com- Tmakes his equivalent of the State of the Union government, controlled by the Left, had dumped pri- pleted highway projects, Air India, Bharat Petroleum — all of them address on Dussehra at the organisation’s headquar- vatisation forthwith and launched a flurry of welfare and more are to be put on the block. And we’re talking not disin- ters in Nagpur. It always makes some news, but more schemes of just the kind he would have wanted. T so now that the BJP is in power, in its second term, vestment but real privatisation, with change of control — last delivered by Arun Shourie in the Vajpayee government. Narendra Modi, it would seem, is with a bigger majority than in the first. Also, when this ow that we know more about Thengadi, whom the finally going to act on his stated position that the business of government is government is delivering what are considered the NSarsanghchalak listed among eminences like Guru not business. RSS’s “core concerns”: Scrapping of Article 370 in Nanak Dev and Mahatma Gandhi, we can translate the There may be other motivations. For instance, to rebuild the government’s Kashmir, the Uniform Civil Code (UCC), and the Ram 14 minutes on the economy in his annual sermon better. Mandir in Ayodhya. Quick summary: There’s an economic crisis, but reputation for positive action, since the view has gained ground that the 2016 The chief for a decade now, Mohan Bhagwat made don’t make too much of it. Why paint the devil on the demonetisation and the flawed goods and services tax have been responsible more news than usual this year because he waded into wall? GDP isn’t the only measure of growth. Crack to some degree for the economic slowdown. Another objective may be to sim- the issue of lynching and his definition of who’s a Hindu down on corruption, but don’t victimise the innocent. ply close a widening fiscal gap. The government has been announcing one new and who’s an Indian — both necessarily synonymous. We believe in Swadeshi, but that doesn’t mean we say spending programme after another, and one tax giveaway after another. As the His arguments on both issues were contentious and the privatisation of public sector undertakings (PSUs), isolate yourselves. Trade is global but we should buy bill has got bigger, tax revenue has fallen short. Money has to be found from drew much attention, some in criticism and, among his reduction in import tariffs, and opening up to foreign only what we cannot make and need. Why import somewhere, lest the fiscal gap become embarrassing. The Reserve Bank of faithful, in appreciation. In the process, a very signifi- direct investment (FDI). even cow semen from a Brazilian hybrid developed India has been made to cough up a one-time transfer but that won’t be enough. cant issue that he dwelt on at great length was missed. At one point, he demanded the head of Yashwant with an Indian native? Use Swadeshi. He then talks Privatisation could therefore be handy — except that, with less than half the That’s what we are exploring more critically today. Sinha, then leading the reform push as finance min- about how exports are good, imports are bad, the RSS financial year to go, much of the announced sale of government assets is It will be useful if you listened to just some parts of ister. Vajpayee resisted for a year, but eventually gave principle of frugality, buying only what you must, pro- unlikely to be done by March-end. that 63-minute speech again — just the first minute, in. Thengadi had real power within the “sangathan” tecting what you make from competition, and so on. Regardless, privatisation is welcome. Fiscal purists would quarrel with the and then about 14 minutes from (organisation) as BJP/RSS people Some of it isn’t exact translation but my faithful idea of selling assets to pay for current expenditure — such as the payout to 28:00 to 42:00, laying out his eco- often describe themselves collec- interpretation. Then he comes to FDI. Again, para- farmers and the health insurance programme, for the obvious reason that the nomic philosophy. The key lies in tively. He also detested Arun Shourie. phrased: Foreigners can invest but learn from coun- process cannot go on forever. At some point, the list of assets available for sale what comes in the very introductory He likely celebrated when a Supreme tries that insist on one domestic board member with will run out. But that is a distant prospect just now, and on the positive side seconds. He begins by mentioning Court judgment harking back to old veto rights. So, foreigners own the shares but power is the important anniversaries of two Socialist mindsets, ruled that it was with our government. On the other hand, see what’s one must reckon on the systemic benefits of a better use of assets in private most eminent and venerated Indians mandatory to seek a parliamentary happening. Our (new) companies are seen to be hands, and/or better service, which is the real logic of privatisation. — Guru Nanak Dev (550th anniver- vote before selling any PSU. It owned and run by Indians, but once you look deeper, Will it work? Yes, if unlike with Air India the last time round, the government sary) and Mahatma Gandhi (150th). I stopped Mr Shourie in his tracks. shareholding is with the Chinese. This is classical puts out sensible terms for sale or lease. As for who might buy, it is true that most do not believe many outside the RSS- Important to note in today’s context Thengadinomics. domestic business houses are still in de-leveraging mode, the focus being on BJP ecosystem, or those who follow that this happened exactly when the It also runs contrary to many of the recent moves reducing debt. Also, many established businessmen find their ability to invest and study Indian politics closely, Vajpayee government had put the and promises of the Modi government as it battles badly eroded by bankruptcy proceedings, or by shares pledged against loans would be so familiar with the third — NATIONAL INTEREST two big oil-marketing companies — India’s gravest economic downturn since 2008. It is being sold at rock-bottom prices. Anil Ambani, the Ruia brothers, Subhash Dattopant Thengadi — whose cente- Hindustan Petroleum Corporation opening more areas to FDI, negotiating new trade Chandra, and others have all suffered on this account, while Gautam Thapar and nary year, he noted, would begin SHEKHAR GUPTA and Bharat Petroleum Corporation arrangements, especially with America, and the the ex-Ranbaxy Singh brothers are among those who have seen a loss of both soon (November 10). (BPCL) — on the block. Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership clos- financial as well as social capital. On the other hand, corporate de-leveraging That name may not ring a bell. And certainly, he Thengadi’s wasn’t a lone voice. His first child, BMS, er to the region. It has also announced massive pri- over the past few years has reached a point where quite a few companies are sit- wasn’t somebody in the same league as Guru Nanak protested against the Vajpayee reform era, often loud- vatisation as the mood-lifter for the economy and a ting on large amounts of cash or have headroom for taking on more debt, but and Gandhi for anyone, not even the RSS. But he was er than the Left and the Congress-affiliated Indian plasma transfusion for the fisc. Both, trade deals and are not investing because of the consumption slowdown. The chance to enter important enough to find a mention alongside the National Trade Union Congress, and grew in strength. PSU sales, are being opposed by the SJM, as are new new businesses or buy quality assets may induce them to open their cheque other two. That it was no insignificant platitude or a Meanwhile, he had formed two more powerful pres- agricultural, especially seed technologies. passing flourish becomes evident once you hear the sure groups: The Bharatiya Kisan Sangh (BKS) in 1979 On each front, the Modi government has made books. Besides which, there could be some international interest. second part of those 14 minutes carefully. for farmers, and Swadeshi Jagaran Manch (SJM) — moves in the opposite direction: What would make All this comes with political risk. The RSS chief has sounded a warning on Born in Wardha, not far from Nagpur, in 1920, which we are all more familiar with today — in 1991. Vajpayee smile and Thengadi frown. You know what, some aspects of policy, and there are stirrings of unrest among trade unions. Thengadi was one of the modern (post-Independence) Remember that year, 1991? When the big Narasimha the biggest PSU put on the block now, BPCL, is exact- The Modi government is strong enough to over-ride such resistance, but it founding fathers (it isn’t politically incorrect to use that Rao-Manmohan Singh reform was launched? The ly what Vajpayee had been thwarted from selling in should be aware of reputation risk. Privatisation in many countries, including here) of the RSS and the ideology of its political off- SJM subsequently built a national voice and stature by 2003. We can also see it isn’t something Mr Modi India, has come arm-linked with controversy. The risks get heightened when spring in both its avatars, the Bharatiya Jana Sangh opposing globalisation of trade, beginning with what thought of just now. Buried in the 187 obsolete laws decisions on complex financial questions about long-term leases are rushed (BJS) and Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) now. His area was called the Dunkel Draft. K N Govindacharya, then repealed in a 2016 mass-cull was also the 1976 Act through in a hurry, without mandatory consultations — something already of interest was the economy. His thought has defined the customary RSS man in the BJP as general secre- passed under Indira Gandhi to nationalise MNC aired in connection with the lease of airports to the Adani group. the economic worldview of the RSS more than any tary, was its most prominent spokesman. Burmah Shell and rename it BPCL. Meanwhile, it is not clear why the focus is on entities in the transport sec- other, especially in the past 30 years, or generally By the end of Vajpayee’s tenure, the relationship We can’t say as yet if, by holding forth on Swadeshi tor. While the privatisation drive is masterminded by the Prime Minister’s when India began opening up its economy. between the two had deteriorated visibly. Often, when economics in such detail, Mr Bhagwat is showing his Office and NITI Aayog, it could be that two dynamic ministers are in charge a modern new idea was mentioned, Vajpayee would intent to fight back again. It is unlikely, given the pow- of most of transport: Nitin Gadkari and Piyush Goyal. But that is no reason for hengadi was a fellow traveller of Atal Bihari say with a smirk something like “arrey bhai, Thengadi er differential between Vajpayee and the current prime not taking a hard look at the more difficult choices facing state-owned enti- TVajpayee. Both formed the Bharatiya Mazdoor ji ko kaun sambhalega... (who will manage Thengadi minister. But not impossible. Our hope: An ideology has ties in other sectors — specifically the loss-ridden telecom twins that have no Sangh (BMS), the labour arm of the RSS, together in now)”. But it was in spite of that bitter fight that yet to be discovered which might even believe that the hope of viability, and government banks, which have already swallowed up an Bhopal in 1955. They also fought bitterly and unfor- Vajpayee cleared Bt cotton seeds. In 16 years under best way to get out of a hole, especially of the kind India’s givingly during the six years of the Vajpayee govern- Manmohan Singh and Narendra Modi, not one new economy has fallen into, is to keep digging deeper. unconscionable ~2 trillion of taxpayer money in the past five years. ment. On the economy, Thengadi was the biggest seed has been cleared. thorn in his side, opposing all his decisions, especially The fight ended in 2004. In May Vajpayee lost By special arrangement with ThePrint

images in their portfolios. My father had a brief, intense Unfortunately for my name- version of this problem back in The Pakistani laureate There’s a lot in a name sake, he gets the short end of the 1980. A namesake of his, an aca- stick. He is regularly abused by demic, stood for elections from EYE CULTURE where he could pursue his life’s call- sometimes lapses in their service passengers abuse them anyway! people, who disagree with my Jadavpur constituency, in what ing unafraid of being killed for call- standards and this usually leads Another of my friends has journalistic opinions. He also was then Calcutta. This gent was CHINTAN GIRISH MODI ing himself a Muslim. to loud screams on social media. had to take his share of social occasionally gets embarrassing- representing a fringe Bengali hen diplomats in India and He enjoyed tremendous profes- Actually going by the volume of media lumps because he has ly personal emails from old chauvinistic outfit, the “Amra Pakistan have made it their sional success but was heartbroken abuse received by my friends, the same name as the CEO- friends of mine, cit- Bangali” Party. W priority to shame each oth- by the fact that he had to leave his such lapses happen quite often. founder of the Sahara Group. ing incidents from Social media must be My father was er on the international stage, the country. It was a wound that festered Anytime a flight is delayed, He actually contemplated my murky past in absolute hell for then a professor at work of making peace is left to the in his heart until the very end. or some passenger’s luggage is changing his name by deed poll gory detail. anybody, who shares Jadavpur people of both countries. What they Though he could not reside in offloaded in Port Blair as he flies when the group was first under Interestingly, his/her name with a University. People seek is not a political office but an Pakistan, he wanted to be buried to Chandigarh, the airline CEO’s investigation, and when the CEO quite a few of the prominent politician. assumed, natural- opportunity to end decades of hos- there after his death. This wish was namesake is tagged by the affect- was incarcerated. models who wanted Indeed, there could ly enough, that he tility. The proxy war might be prof- fulfilled. Unfortunately, those who VIEWPOINT ed passengers. Anytime there’s I have actually been the bene- to get up-close and be some interesting was the politician. itable for the global military indus- carried hate in their hearts would not DEVANGSHU DATTA a problem with delivery, or ficiary of a much more benign personal with him insights, for any Thankfully, this trial complex, but it has had let him rest in peace even after he there’s some issue with some version of coincidence of nomen- have stayed in touch social scientist who was pre social debilitating consequences for indi- died. Salam was the world’s first product sold by the retailer, the clature. I too have a namesake, with me, even after I collated and analysed media. But we had viduals sharing cultural affinities Muslim Nobel laureate but the word wo of my friends have retail CEO’s namesake is tagged and friend, who is well-known in clarified that I was- the impact of naming to field many that borders cannot erase. ‘Muslim’ was defaced from his grave- strong social media pres- by customers. The messages are the fashion and retail industry. n’t the person they coincidences on strange phone- As the ones holding the reins stone. That is why the title of the film T ences. Both have a always angry and rarely polite. Indeed, the pair of us ended up wanted. They con- the lives of calls. Friends and tighten their grip, others rise up to replaces the word ‘Muslim’ largeish follower counts on It can descend into personal getting friendly because we kept tinue to send me ordinary people acquaintances resist. Artists have always found ways with ******. Twitter, Instagram and threats, and some of the abuse receiving messages meant for the updates about their also made puzzled to collaborate even though the visa Salam wanted to stay connected Facebook. Their timelines are is vile. other person. This continues to careers. I’m not complaining enquiries about his suddenly regime conspires to eliminate con- to his roots, and to give back. He ded- toxic for the same peculiar rea- Both of them (they know each happen and it includes essential about this scattershot approach developing an affection for the tact between Indians and Pakistanis. icated much of his time, expertise son. They are targets of abuse other) have to live with this. They stuff like telephone bills. It also to networking and career-build- cause of Bengali chauvinism. Not only are they enabled by social and resources towards establishing from strangers. have ALL CAP disclaimers on includes Facebook “friend ing, but I do find it rather odd. Social media must be media but many of them have oppor- the International Centre for This is because one shares his their social media profiles clear- requests” and professional emails All of us have a “form letter” absolute hell for anybody, who tunities to meet in a third country Theoretical Physics in Trieste, where name with that of the chief exec- ly stating they are not the indi- meant for the other person. stating that messages, FB shares his/her name with a away from the cartographic anxieties young scientists from Pakistan and utive officer (CEO) of a large air- viduals with whom they share Given the industry he inhab- requests, etc., have been made prominent politician. Indeed, of nation states threatened by cul- elsewhere in the Global South could line, while the other has the their names. They also have its, the Facebook requests I to the wrong person. My name- there could be some interesting tural exchange. pursue their research interests in a same name as the CEO of a large mugshots up there, indicating receive in error are often from sake and I have also developed a insights, for any social scientist The latest Indo-Pak venture that supportive environment and engage online retailer. Airlines and that they are entirely different aspiring models. This is where habit of filtering, and passing on, who collated and analysed the celebrates this desire to overcome in dialogue with peers from all over online retailers are consumer- individuals. It doesn’t seem to the benefits accrue. Models tend what seems like the impact of naming coincidences barriers is a documentary titled the world. After stepping down as an facing organisations. There are matter — angry customers and to share the most fetching important stuff. on the lives of ordinary people. Salam: The First ****** Nobel advisor to the government of Laureate, which is now available on Pakistan, he became a strong advo- Netflix. It is directed by Anand cate for nuclear disarmament. He Article 370 — we would not have ulation, were the ones who were Kamalakar, who was born and raised also visited India. Amidst the rich had the primary-secondary iden- socially powerful. Today they are in India but lives in New York, and archival material used in this film is Identity and separatism tity problem now. It would have less than 2 per cent. The liberals produced by Omar Vandal and Zakir a video clip featuring Salam wherein been primary identity Indian, sec- don’t seem to mind very much. Thaver, who grew up in Pakistan and he is asked to give a message to politi- and minds arguments have been were, or be pandered to? What ondary identity Kashmiri. This eviction was achieved by moved to the US for their higher edu- cians. “First of all, they should get weeping gently, mourning for the has been the Kashmiri contribu- economic and administrative cation. This film pays tribute to a rid of nuclear weapons,” he said. lost liberalism of Article 370. tion to India after 1947? The Tamil solution means comprising constitution- Pakistani scientist named Abdus Whether India and Pakistan are All this is in accordance with The answer to the first ques- What Tamil Nadu and Kashmir ally and judicially mandated Salam (1926-1996), who was awarded willing to listen is anyone’s guess, the script. tion is clear. Separateness and have in common is that in both reservations in jobs and educa- the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1979. especially when the leadership on What is not, however, is the identity got fused because of places the minority was dispro- tion. In Kashmir, however, the Such an honour is rare, and he both sides is not only uninspiring response of the Kashmiri Hindus, Article 370, on which Jawaharlal portionately powerful. Few peo- eviction was violent. was acutely aware of this as a Muslim and jingoistic but caught up in mean- who were so mercilessly kicked out Nehru had insisted. ple acknowledge it but at its core man from a so-called Third World ingless gestures of one-upmanship of the Valley in 1990. They had been But the answer to the second the Tamil Nadu problem Modus vivendi country working in a predominantly that do not benefit their citizens in left to fend for themselves by suc- question is unclear because of a very between the Brahmins and the Today the Brahmins and the others white and Eurocentric universe that the least. Salam was born in pre-par- LINE AND LENGTH cessive central governments, which simple thing: While Nehru’s solu- rest was one of power. of Tamil Nadu have found a modus looked in a patronising manner at tition India. He knew of a time when thought this was nasty but quite ok. tion was to a political problem, the In Kashmir the Hindus held vivendi where both fiercely defend people like himself. Unfortunately, the two countries did not exist as sep- T C A SRINIVASA-RAGHAVAN I have a lot of Kashmiri Hindu identity issue is a sociological one. most of the land and the accompa- their Tamil identities — together. Pakistan did not care as much about arate entities carved out of blood- friends and my brother’s wife is And sociology is not uni-dimen- nying political power, while the But barring some nut cases, they his commitment to his faith. Under shed and barbed wire. While the film he government says a Kashmiri Hindu. They are very sional. It is very hard to tackle. Muslims were the peasants and have no love for separateness. the dictatorship of General Zia-ul- does not explore his thoughts on the Kashmir is now open to happy but have also been stress- There is the added complica- powerless. In 1935 it was the Hindus In Kashmir it’s the opposite. Haq, it became an Islamic Republic Partition of 1947, Salam did witness T tourists. That’s good. After ing the need to preserve the tion: The Kashmiri Hindu identity who persuaded the Maharaja to Separateness fully defines the which persecuted the Ahmadiyya that horrific chapter of history which all, it’s now more than two months Kashmiri identity, whatever it is. was always quite distinct from the exclude all non-Kashmiris from Kashmiri Muslim. There is no community that Salam was part of. was drenched in communal discord. since the Modi government fur- That is their right and it should Kashmiri Muslim one. It’s become owning land in Kashmir. That law place for the Hindus or even Ahmadis were forbidden from call- Decades after the violence that ther rendered the provisions of not cause offence. even more so now. eventually came back to bite them other Indians. ing themselves Muslims because broke out under the watch of the Article 370 ineffective and, in a But what I cannot understand This is the problem that in their backside. It would be highly optimistic to they did not consider Muhammad as British, India and Pakistan are still Colin Powellesque move of “shock is why they think their identity is needs resolving. In Tamil Nadu, in contrast, the think the Tamil solution can be the last prophet. locked into a conflict that is influ- and awe”, turned the state of somehow more important than The experience of Tamil Brahmins were insignificant as repeated in Kashmir. It’s too late for The genocide of Ahmadis in enced by religious extremists. The Jammu and Kashmir into a any other Indian identity, or supe- Nadu offers some hints. It took landlords. But they held social that now because Article 370 in its Pakistan has come up for discussion value placed on scientific temper and union territory. rior. What’s so special about it? half a century there — from 1918, and administrative power. Their coming, living, and dying, too, has in global human rights forums but critical enquiry is on the decline. It is Kashmiri Muslims have been Two questions arise from this. when the Dravidian Justice Party power was based on their ability rendered the Valley a mental waste- the volume of reporting has in this context that Salam is an outraged but silenced. Pakistan One, why has this belief persisted was formed, to 1967, when its to exclude. It was, if you like, the land where a Kashmiri Muslim has remained abysmally low. This film extremely relevant film. It encour- has been mewling like a cat and strengthened over 70 years successor, the DMK, came to club approach to power. no clue what he or she wants: To will hopefully change that. The fact ages viewers to question state-sanc- stranded on a tree. China, the when almost all other non-tribal power — for it to be resolved. It In Tamil Nadu the minority become a Pakistani, to remain that Salam had helped set up tioned narratives and sectarian vio- global exemplar of human rights, regional identities have receded; consisted of a peaceful acquisi- has now been pretty much evicted Indian, or become independent. Pakistan’s nuclear programme did lence but also refrain from has been growling to pacify and two, should these self-impor- tion of power by the majority. because the Brahmins, despite That’s why they are better off as not earn him any brownie points whitewashing Salam into a hero Pakistan. Indian liberals who tant notions be ignored just as Had Kashmir been given a sim- being a minority, constituting no a union territory until they sort with the religious extremists, and he without any flaws. Watch the film to have been taken in by the hearts the rest of regional identities ilar opportunity — instead of more than 4-5 per cent of the pop- themselves out. felt compelled to live in Europe learn more. � ��

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