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From the Wings

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From the Wings From the Wings: An inquiry into the role of sports and creative activites in tackling social exclusion December 2005 inspired by Photo Credits Front cover: TOP – Dance United, HMP Holloway, 2005. Choreography Tara-Jane Herbert and Susannah Broughton. Photographer: Nick Gurney BOTTOM – Bolton Lads and Girls Club Back cover: Fairbridge From the Wings: An inquiry into the role of sports and creative activites in tackling social exclusion contents page section FOREWORD – Sir John Banham 2 1. INTRODUCTION – Lord Ramsbotham 3 2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 3. TERMS OF REFERENCE & INQUIRY BOARD MEMBERS 8 4. DEFINITIONS & TERMS 9 5. FOCUS AND METHODOLOGY 11 6. YOUNG PEOPLE, EXCLUSION AND SKILLS 13 7. THE ROLE OF BUSINESS 17 8. GREATER MANCHESTER 19 9. SKILLS SHORTAGES: A PROBLEM AND AN OPPORTUNITY 21 10. BEST PRACTICE WORKING WITH YOUNG PEOPLE 23 11. CHALLENGES FOR SPORTS AND Glossary of terms ARTS ORGANISATIONS 32 CR: Corporate responsibility 12. RECOMMENDATIONS 40 DCMS: Department for Culture, Media and Sport DfES: Department for Education and Skills 13. APPENDICES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY 44 DoH: Department of Health ETP: Employer Training Pilots GDP: Gross Domestic Product LSC: Learning and Skills Council NEET: Not in education, employment or training NESTA: National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts NGO: Non-governmental organisation ODPM: Office of the Deputy Prime Minister Ofsted: Office for Standards in Education OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development PCT: Primary Care Trust PRU: Pupil Referral Unit YJB: Youth Justice Board 1 Foreword – Sir John Banham It took riots in Toxteth and Brixton more than two find out what is really working for young people, decades ago to convince the Government of the to give them a purpose in life and help them day that urgent action was required to address the realize their full potential – as well as to keep challenges of urban regeneration to prevent the them out of trouble. The Trust also wanted to FOREWORD emergence of what was then termed “an urban understand what difficulties and barriers these 1 underclass”. successful initiatives would have to overcome along the way. This report is the result. The terrorist attacks in London last year should have served as a similar wake-up call for business: In an era of compassion fatigue, it is clear that corporate social responsibility cannot be allowed private and voluntary local initiatives need and to become the province of public affairs’ deserve support from corporate Britain as well consultants seeking to convince special interests as from the public sector. and investors that the Company is doing the right thing. This would represent the ultimate triumph Within the Greater Manchester area alone, of form over substance. Whitbread owns and operates over 50 outlets, employing over 1,400 people and, on average, It is apparent that the costs of society at large plays host to over 325,000 customers every failing to engage with young people, so that they month. Greater Manchester was, therefore, all are helped to realize their full potential, will be an ideal test bed for this Whitbread-inspired very high indeed. And it is evident that the public initiative. There are many examples of Whitbread services alone will not be equal to this massively community projects that have borne fruit in important task. Greater Manchester. The most recent has been the Whitbread Young Achiever winner in 2005, Local private and voluntary initiatives have a Sarah Greaves. She won first place in the arts critical role to play. Ever since my time as the First category for her inspirational work in setting Controller of the Audit Commission, I have been up the “Art Reaching Communities” project. impressed by the remarkable achievements of From its Manchester roots, this has now local communities, and by the potential benefits become an international organization with from spreading good practice more widely. over 500 volunteers. Similarly, during the five years I spent as Chairman of Whitbread, I was encouraged – and humbled – In Greater Manchester, many organizations in by the success of the very many community the public sector, local businesses, voluntary initiatives supported by the Company and its organizations and individuals have contributed Charitable Trust. to our work. The Whitbread Charitable Trust is grateful to them all. It is particularly grateful to “Why are not more Lord Ramsbotham, one of the most distinguished public servants of his generation, for finding the communities benefiting time to chair this Inquiry so effectively. from these initiatives which To my mind, the best legacy of this Inquiry must often succeed against be the realistic prospect that good lessons and all the odds?” best practice can be spread and become common practice to the benefit of young people in every But every local success prompts the question: community in the United Kingdom. “Why are not more communities benefiting from these initiatives which often succeed against all the odds?” With this challenge in mind, over a Sir John Banham DL year ago the Whitbread Charitable Trust decided Chairman of Whitbread PLC and the to undertake an Inquiry in Greater Manchester to Whitbread Charitable Trust 2000 – 2005 2 1 Introduction – Lord Ramsbotham When Sir John Banham invited me to chair this different and in some ways greater than they inquiry, I immediately thought of some wonderful ever were on my generation – the drug culture, words of Sir Winston Churchill. In a speech he the endless exposure to materialism and the end made in July 1910, describing a humane and of deference. What of morals and proportionality decent criminal justice system, he said that: when a footballer is paid £100,000 per week, 1 INTRODUCTION and a policeman gets one fifth of that per year? ‘an unfaltering faith that It must be enormously difficult for young people to chart their way through this maze of there is a treasure in the contradictions, which makes me admire, heart of every man, if only even more, those who succeed. you can find it’ When I look at the future for these young people I worry about what should be done with this is one of the symbols that young talent that is going to waste. Too many young people regard themselves as disconnected ‘mark and measure the stored from society and tragically, this is the beginning of a reinforcing cycle of exclusion where the more up strength of a nation, and disconnected they believe themselves to be, the are sign and proof of the harder it is to find a way ‘back in’. living virtue in it’. So, why should we care? From an individual point of view, what decent person would not Every nation should identify, nurture and develop have empathy with young people coping with the talents of its people – all its people. If it does the transition to adulthood under difficult not, it only has itself to blame if it fails. Too much circumstances? And from a wider society point of what I saw during five and a half years as Her of view, surely we want to prevent our young Majesty’s Chief Inspector of Prisons, caused me people from getting involved in criminal behaviour to fear that the need to actively support young through positive means rather than suffer the people was not universally accepted. Why did consequences of demonising them? young offenders tell me that they could not remember whether it was drugs before boredom, I agreed to Chair the Board of professionals, or boredom before drugs, that encouraged them practitioners and policy-makers who all have to leave school early? Why do so few young experience working with young people, so that people take up apprenticeships, designed to we could jointly ask what more can be done to provide them with the skills to become masters of support young people better, particularly those crafts? What explains the number of unemployed who have been disadvantaged by social exclusion young people, who enter adult life without in their lives. We chose Greater Manchester as our academic or skills qualifications? I am not making study area, as we decided a regional focus was a political point, but merely an observation on needed. We were charged with investigating the what I have seen for myself, and what, I freely role that sports and creative activities can play in admit, I do not like as far as the future of this improving the lives of young people. As a city, country is concerned. Manchester has been transformed by the experience of hosting the Commonwealth Games, It is all too easy for people of my generation which has provided an impetus to a number of to look back, with nostalgia, to what appear sporting and cultural activities that have thrived to be the much more ordered days of our youth. ever since. It therefore seemed sensible to make We had National Service, religion, standards, these the starting point for any inquiry into what and pride. Now there are fewer certainties. might engage young people in adopting a more The pressures on young people today are purposeful, useful and law-abiding life style. 3 With the possibilities presented by the UK hosting I remain enormously optimistic about what the the Olympic Games in 2012 in mind, it seems young people of today are capable of doing, if timely to try to draw lessons from what we saw properly encouraged and enabled, but certain things and studied, on which others might draw with have to change. It is my view, for example, that if advantage. This could be a time for change. vocational training was given its proper place and We found that involving young people in the right status in our education system, many more young kind of sports and creative activities can make a real people would leave school with the qualifications 1 INTRODUCTION difference, if done well.
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