DOCSLIB.ORG

Phylogeny of Robinioid Legumes (Fabaceae) Revisited: Coursetia and Gliricidia Recircumscribed, and a Biogeographical Appraisal of the Caribbean Endemics

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Phylogeny of Robinioid Legumes (Fabaceae) Revisited: Coursetia and Gliricidia Recircumscribed, and a Biogeographical Appraisal of the Caribbean Endemics Systematic Botany (2003), 28(2): pp. 387±409 q Copyright 2003 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists Phylogeny of Robinioid Legumes (Fabaceae) Revisited: Coursetia and Gliricidia Recircumscribed, and a Biogeographical Appraisal of the Caribbean Endemics MATT LAVIN,1,6 MARTIN F. W OJCIECHOWSKI,2 PETER GASSON,3 COLIN HUGHES,4 and ELISABETH WHEELER5 1Department of Plant Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717 ([email protected]); 2Department of Plant Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287; 3Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK; 4Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK; 5Department of Wood and Paper Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695; 6Author for correspondence Communicating Editor: Thomas G. Lammers ABSTRACT. Morphological data and sequences from the nuclear ribosomal ITS region, and the chloroplast trnL intron and matK locus were sampled from robinioid legumes to infer phylogenetic relationships. The monophyletic robinioid clade includes 11 genetically and often morphologically distinct subclades ranked as genera with the following well supported higher level relationships: ((Hebestigma, Lennea), ((Gliricidia, Poitea), (Olneya, Robinia, Poissonia, Coursetia, Peteria, Genistidium, and Sphinctospermum))). In order to render all 11 robinioid genera monophyletic, the genus Hybosema is synonymized with Gliricidia,andthegenusPoissonia is resurrected to accommodate four morphologically disparate species previously classi®ed in Coursetia. Three new combinations are required to accommodate these two generic recircumscriptions: Gliricidia robus- tum, Poissonia heterantha, and Poissonia weberbaueri. Ages of clades and evolutionary substitution rates are derived from a rate-smoothed Bayesian likelihood approach on sequences from the ITS region and the matK locus. Time constraints are derived from the Tertiary fossil wood species Robinia zirkelii, which shares apomorphic wood characters with the Robinia stem clade. The Cuban endemic Hebestigma is estimated to have diverged at least 38 Ma from its Mesoamerican sister genus Lennea, whereas the Greater Antillean Poitea is estimated to have diverged at least 16 Ma from its continental sister Gliricidia. This study reveals that sequences from the ITS region are amenable to exhaustive taxon sampling because of the high levels of variation at and below the species level. The evolutionary substitution rate for the ITS region is estimated at 3.1±3.5 x 1029 substitutions/site/year, approximately an order of magnitude faster than that estimated for the matK locus. The tribe Robinieae comprises 12 genera concen- graphic analysis that included an evolutionary rates trated in the deserts and seasonally dry tropical forests analysis. Robinioids are represented in the fossil re- of North America (Lavin and Sousa 1995). In this cord throughout North America, and to some extent study, we distinguish the robinioid legumes from the Europe, by Late Eocene to Pliocene wood and leaf tribe Robinieae so as to exclude the genus Sesbania. samples (Matten et al. 1977; Wheeler and Landon 1992; Phylogenetic evidence from chloroplast matK sequenc- Page 1993; Wheeler 2001). The early continental distri- es ®rmly place the robinioids in a monophyletic clade bution of these well characterized fossils, as well as along with Sesbania and the genera of the tribes Loteae recent advances in Bayesian likelihood and evolution- and Coronilleae. Collectively this trichotomous clade is ary rates analysis, provides an opportunity to con®- sister to the very large legume clade marked by the dently estimate the ages of insular and continental ro- loss of the chloroplast DNA inverted repeat, or the in- binioid diversi®cations. In particular, these include two verted-repeat-lacking clade (IRLC; Wojciechowski, in Greater Antillean robinioid genera, Hebestigma and Po- press; Wojciechowski et al. 2000). itea, the ages of which were estimated previously (Lav- Although three monographs detailing the relation- in et al. 2001b) but with parsimony methods and nom- inal consideration of apomorphic traits shared between ships and circumscriptions of robinioid genera have the fossil and extant taxa. been produced (Lavin 1988; Lavin 1993; Lavin and Sousa 1995), accumulating DNA sequence and mor- phological data suggest that some of these genera and MATERIALS AND METHODS their relationships are in need of reinvestigation. Al- Taxon Sampling. All 12 genera and all constituent species tra- though the problematic taxonomies are con®ned to two ditionally classi®ed in the tribe Robinieae, excepting those of Ses- robinioid genera, Coursetia and Gliricidia, a comprehen- bania, have been sampled for morphological data (Appendix A and B). Such data have been derived in large part from a monographic sive reanalysis has been undertaken for the ®rst time treatment of the tribe (Lavin and Sousa 1995) and two of the larger at the species level for all robinioid legumes. Such ex- constituent genera, Coursetia (Lavin 1988) and Poitea (Lavin 1993). haustive sampling enabled the detection of a root for All robinioid genera and most constituent species have been sam- pled for nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers and inter- the robinioid phylogeny, a reevaluation of all generic vening 5.8S sequences (the ITS region; Appendix C). This includes circumscriptions and relationships, and a biogeo- Lennea (all three species sampled), Gliricidia (all three), Hybosema 387 388 SYSTEMATIC BOTANY [Volume 28 (all two), Poitea (12 of 13 taxa), Coursetia (35 of 40 species), Peteria quence data, multiple Bayesian analyses each began with a ran- (three of four), Robinia (all four), and the following monotypic gen- dom tree and the most general nucleotide substitution model, a era: Hebestigma, Olneya, Genistidium,andSphinctospermum. The ITS general time reversible model plus a shape parameter for a gamma region was sampled exhaustively because this provides a means distribution and invariant sites parameter. Parsimony heuristic of identifying potentially problematic paralogs (e.g., Buckler et al. searches on all data sets included 100 random addition replicates, 1997) even though such have never been detected among robinioid tree bisection reconnection branch swapping, and retention of legumes and close relatives. Also, these sequences contain much multiple parsimonious trees. Clade stability tests involved Bayes- informative variation among genera and species, and they are ian posterior probabilities (Huelsenbeck et al. 2001) and parsi- readily ampli®ed and are not problematic to align for robinioid mony bootstrap resampling (Felsenstein 1985). For the latter, each legumes and close relatives (e.g., Lavin et al. 2001a; Lavin et al. of 10,000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates was subjected to a 2001b; Wojciechowski et al. 1993). In addition, exhaustive sampling heuristic search as above, but with one random addition sequence increases overall phylogenetic accuracy (Zwickl and Hillis 2002). and only one tree saved per replicate. For the various data sets, The single exception to the sampling of the morphological data the percentage of data matrix cells scored as missing data are re- and the ITS sequences is the genus Sesbania. Because this genus ported in Table 1. has been shown to be a distinct lineage from the robinioid le- Evolutionary Rates Analysis. The program r8s (Sanderson gumes (Wojciechowski, in press; Wojciechowski et al. 2000), Ses- 2001) was used to assess variance in evolutionary substitution bania has been sampled as one of the designated outgroups in this rates for nucleotide sequences from the ITS region and the matK analysis. locus, and incorporate such variance into the estimation of ages The chloroplast trnL intron and the matK loci were more dis- of lineages (Sanderson 1997, 1998, 2001, 2002). This program uses criminately sampled for selected species to verify certain of the a rate smoothing approach, penalized likelihood (PL), to identify ®ndings derived from the analysis of the morphological data and an optimal rate smoothing parameter that renders evolutionary ITS region. The matK locus was sampled to verify ®ndings at high- substitution rates and ages for each of the branches in a phylogeny. er levels, particularly the root of the robinioid phylogeny. For these The optimal smoothing parameter is determined by a cross vali- chloroplast loci, sampling was performed for at least one species dation approach whereby the value chosen best predicts the over- from each of the robinioid genera (Hebestigma, Lennea, Gliricidia, all terminal branch lengths in a saturated rate model. This predic- Hybosema, Poitea, Coursetia, Genistidium, Olneya, Peteria, Robinia,and tive ability is then compared with that of an autocorrelated rate Sphinctospermum) and designated outgroups (Sesbania, Anthyllis, smoothing approach (nonparametric rate smoothing; Sanderson Lotus, Ornithopus,andSecurigera). 1997) and rate constant model (Langley and Fitch 1974), which The designated outgroups in this study include representatives potentially de®ne the extremes of the continuum from the satu- of two monophyletic clades that are the closest relatives of the rated to the clock-like rates model. These latter two approaches robinioid clade, the genus Sesbania and the Loteae-Coronilleae trib- are also implemented in r8s. al alliance. Five species of the Loteae-Coronilleae alliance for For the ITS and matK data sets, branch lengths were estimated which
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Insects Associated with Seeds of Lonchocarpus Muehlbergianus Hassl
    July - September 2002 483 SCIENTIFIC NOTE Insects Associated with Seeds of Lonchocarpus muehlbergianus Hassl. (Fabaceae) in Tres Barras, Parana, Brazil1 L.T. SARI2,3, C.S. RIBEIRO-COSTA2,3 AND A.C.S. MEDEIROS4 1Contribuição no1315 do Depto. Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná 2Depto. Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, C. postal 19020, 81531-990, Curitiba, PR 3Bolsistas do CNPq 4Embrapa Florestas, Estrada da Ribeira, km 111, 83411-000, Colombo, PR Insetos Associados às Sementes de Lonchocarpus muehlbergianus Hassl. (Fabaceae) em Três Barras, Paraná RESUMO - Com o objetivo de conhecer os insetos associados às sementes de uma espécie de leguminosa nativa do Brasil, Lonchocarpus muehlbergianus Hassl., frutos foram coletados de árvores isoladas no Município de Três Barras, Paraná, Brasil. Uma amostra de 500 g de frutos com 2353 sementes foi avaliada em laboratório. Foram registradas 77,4% de sementes não danificadas por insetos, 12,4% de sementes danificadas e 10,2% de sementes chochas. A espécie de Bruchidae Ctenocolum crotonae (Fåhraeus) foi detectada pela primeira vez nessa planta. Esta espécie já havia sido registrada no estado do Mato Grosso, Brasil, e neste trabalho, sua distribuição geográfica é ampliada para o estado do Paraná. Horismenus missouriensis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) também foi observada na amostra e provavelmente é um parasitóide da larva ou pupa do bruquídeo. Do total de 2353 sementes, 4,9% foram danificadas por C. crotonae e 4,6% apresentavam orifícios de emergência de H. missouriensis. Larvas de Tenebrionidae e Curculionidae foram detectadas predando as sementes e representaram um dano de 2,8% do número total de sementes. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Bruchidae, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, sementes danificadas.
    [Show full text]
  • A Synopsis of Phaseoleae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) James Andrew Lackey Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1977 A synopsis of Phaseoleae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) James Andrew Lackey Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Lackey, James Andrew, "A synopsis of Phaseoleae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) " (1977). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 5832. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/5832 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image.
    [Show full text]
  • Gliricidia Sepium (Jacq.) Steud.]
    Available online at www.ijpab.com Choudhary et al Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5 (5): 40-47 (2017) ISSN: 2320 – 7051 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.4036 ISSN: 2320 – 7051 Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5 (5): 40-47 (2017) Research Article In vitro Regeneration in Callus Culture of Gliricidia [Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud.] Kaushlya Choudhary, M. L. Jakhar*, Aparna, Ravi Kumar and Hari Ram Jat Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, SKN College of Agriculture, Jobner (Jaipur) 303329 *Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected] Received: 12.06.2017 | Revised: 20.07.2017 | Accepted: 29.07.2017 ABSTRACT An efficient protocol was developed for callus induction and shoot regeneration in Gliricidia [Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud.]. Callus induction was observed at majority levels of plant growth regulators, however, profuse callus induction was observed on MS medium supplemented with 0.25 and 0.5 mg/l BAP alone and in combination 0.5 mg/l (BAP) + 2.5 mg/l (IAA). The shoot morphogenesis was observed in callus when incubated at 0.5 mg/l (BAP) + 2.5 mg/l (IAA), upon subculture on same levels of plant growth regulator. De novo shoot organogenesis from callus cultures were observed with 50 – 60 % frequency. Photoperiod regime 14:10 was found best for shoot bud and callus induction. Highest root induction was observed on 0.5 mg/l IAA under in vitro proliferated shoot with 100 % frequency. Key words: Gliricidia, callus induction, regeneration, plant growth regulator. INTRODUCTION stabilization and as green manure. Gliricidia is Gliricidia [Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud., 2n widely used to provide shade for crops like =22] is a fast growing, medium size, semi cacao, coffee, and other shade loving crops, deciduous, multipurpose forage tree belonging living fence post for pasture and properly to the family Fabaceae.
    [Show full text]
  • Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
    Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese
    [Show full text]
  • Leguminosae Subfamily Papilionoideae Author(S): Duane Isely and Roger Polhill Reviewed Work(S): Source: Taxon, Vol
    Leguminosae Subfamily Papilionoideae Author(s): Duane Isely and Roger Polhill Reviewed work(s): Source: Taxon, Vol. 29, No. 1 (Feb., 1980), pp. 105-119 Published by: International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1219604 . Accessed: 16/08/2012 02:44 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Taxon. http://www.jstor.org TAXON 29(1): 105-119. FEBRUARY1980 LEGUMINOSAE SUBFAMILY PAPILIONOIDEAE1 Duane Isely and Roger Polhill2 Summary This paper is an historical resume of names that have been used for the group of legumes whose membershave papilionoidflowers. When this taxon is treatedas a subfamily,the prefix "Papilion-", with various terminations, has predominated.We propose conservation of Papilionoideae as an alternative to Faboideae, coeval with the "unique" conservation of Papilionaceaeat the family rank. (42) Proposal to revise Code: Add to Article 19 of the Code: Note 2. Whenthe Papilionaceaeare includedin the family Leguminosae(alt. name Fabaceae) as a subfamily,the name Papilionoideaemay be used as an alternativeto Faboideae(see Art. 18.5 and 18.6).
    [Show full text]
  • Oberholzeria (Fabaceae Subfam. Faboideae), a New Monotypic Legume Genus from Namibia
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Oberholzeria (Fabaceae subfam. Faboideae), a New Monotypic Legume Genus from Namibia Wessel Swanepoel1,2*, M. Marianne le Roux3¤, Martin F. Wojciechowski4, Abraham E. van Wyk2 1 Independent Researcher, Windhoek, Namibia, 2 H. G. W. J. Schweickerdt Herbarium, Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, 3 Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa, 4 School of Life Sciences, Arizona a11111 State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America ¤ Current address: South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa * [email protected] Abstract OPEN ACCESS Oberholzeria etendekaensis, a succulent biennial or short-lived perennial shrublet is de- Citation: Swanepoel W, le Roux MM, Wojciechowski scribed as a new species, and a new monotypic genus. Discovered in 2012, it is a rare spe- MF, van Wyk AE (2015) Oberholzeria (Fabaceae subfam. Faboideae), a New Monotypic Legume cies known only from a single locality in the Kaokoveld Centre of Plant Endemism, north- Genus from Namibia. PLoS ONE 10(3): e0122080. western Namibia. Phylogenetic analyses of molecular sequence data from the plastid matK doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0122080 gene resolves Oberholzeria as the sister group to the Genisteae clade while data from the Academic Editor: Maharaj K Pandit, University of nuclear rDNA ITS region showed that it is sister to a clade comprising both the Crotalarieae Delhi, INDIA and Genisteae clades. Morphological characters diagnostic of the new genus include: 1) Received: October 3, 2014 succulent stems with woody remains; 2) pinnately trifoliolate, fleshy leaves; 3) monadel- Accepted: February 2, 2015 phous stamens in a sheath that is fused above; 4) dimorphic anthers with five long, basifixed anthers alternating with five short, dorsifixed anthers, and 5) pendent, membranous, one- Published: March 27, 2015 seeded, laterally flattened, slightly inflated but indehiscent fruits.
    [Show full text]
  • Rio Yaqui Watershed, Northwestern Mexico: Use and Management 1
    This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Errors identified by the software have been corrected; however, some errors may remain. Rio Yaqui Watershed, Northwestern Mexico: Use and Management 1 Luis Bojorquez2, Raymundo Aguirre3 and Alfredo Ortega4 Abstract.-- This paper describes the uses and communi­ ty types of the Rio Yaqui Watershed in Sonora Mexico. The management problems are interrelated but there are no stud­ ies of sufficient regional scope to integrate the uses of the area. To cope with this, research activities associated with management have to be multidisciplinary. INTRODUCTION The use of an ecosystems often influ~ ences other natural systems (Ffolliott The State of Sonora, Mexico, is loca­ 1980). Riparian ecosystems utilization ted on the northwestern corner of The impact, and is impacted by, other uses of Mexican Republic. It is limited by the their basin. For this reason a study was Sierra Madre Occidental, on the east, by made to describe the vegetational community the State of Arizona on the north, by the types that occur in the Rio Yaqui Watershed state of Sinaloa, on the south, and by the and their sometimes conflicting usage. Gulf of California, on the east. Agriculture, ranching, mining, fores­ Sonora presents two main landforms: try, and recreation are the principal land uses at present (SAHOP 1980) and larger im­ Northwestern Coastal Plain.- It ex­ pacts and conflicts can be expected in the tenrls from the outlet of the Colorado future. Basic research is needed to recon­ River to the south along the coast. and cile apparently antagonistic requirements of individual components of some multipur­ Sierra Madre Occidental.- It is ad­ pose combinations (King 1980).
    [Show full text]
  • NEW COMBINATIONS in COURSETIA DNA Sequence
    ORE Open Research Exeter TITLE DNA Sequence Variation among Conspecific Accessions of the Legume Coursetia caribaea Reveals Geographically Localized Clades Here Ranked as Species AUTHORS Pennington, T; Lavin, M; Hughes, CE; et al. JOURNAL Systematic Botany DEPOSITED IN ORE 03 December 2018 This version available at http://hdl.handle.net/10871/34959 COPYRIGHT AND REUSE Open Research Exeter makes this work available in accordance with publisher policies. A NOTE ON VERSIONS The version presented here may differ from the published version. If citing, you are advised to consult the published version for pagination, volume/issue and date of publication Lavin et al. 1 LAVIN ET AL.: NEW COMBINATIONS IN COURSETIA DNA Sequence Variation among Conspecific Accessions of the Legume Coursetia caribaea Reveal Geographically Localized Clades Here Ranked as Species Matt Lavin,1,10 R. Toby Pennington,2 Colin E. Hughes,3 Gwilym P. Lewis,4 Alfonso Delgado-Salinas,5 Rodrigo Duno de Stefano,6 Luciano P. de Queiroz,7 Domingos Cardoso,8 and Martin F. Wojciechowski9 1Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA. 2Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH3 5LR, UK. 3University of Zurich, Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland. 4Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK. 5Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biología, Departamento de Botánica, Apartado Postal 70- 233, 04510 Ciudad de México, México. 6Herbarium, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A. C., Calle 43. No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, México.
    [Show full text]
  • Fruits and Seeds of Genera in the Subfamily Faboideae (Fabaceae)
    Fruits and Seeds of United States Department of Genera in the Subfamily Agriculture Agricultural Faboideae (Fabaceae) Research Service Technical Bulletin Number 1890 Volume I December 2003 United States Department of Agriculture Fruits and Seeds of Agricultural Research Genera in the Subfamily Service Technical Bulletin Faboideae (Fabaceae) Number 1890 Volume I Joseph H. Kirkbride, Jr., Charles R. Gunn, and Anna L. Weitzman Fruits of A, Centrolobium paraense E.L.R. Tulasne. B, Laburnum anagyroides F.K. Medikus. C, Adesmia boronoides J.D. Hooker. D, Hippocrepis comosa, C. Linnaeus. E, Campylotropis macrocarpa (A.A. von Bunge) A. Rehder. F, Mucuna urens (C. Linnaeus) F.K. Medikus. G, Phaseolus polystachios (C. Linnaeus) N.L. Britton, E.E. Stern, & F. Poggenburg. H, Medicago orbicularis (C. Linnaeus) B. Bartalini. I, Riedeliella graciliflora H.A.T. Harms. J, Medicago arabica (C. Linnaeus) W. Hudson. Kirkbride is a research botanist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, BARC West Room 304, Building 011A, Beltsville, MD, 20705-2350 (email = [email protected]). Gunn is a botanist (retired) from Brevard, NC (email = [email protected]). Weitzman is a botanist with the Smithsonian Institution, Department of Botany, Washington, DC. Abstract Kirkbride, Joseph H., Jr., Charles R. Gunn, and Anna L radicle junction, Crotalarieae, cuticle, Cytiseae, Weitzman. 2003. Fruits and seeds of genera in the subfamily Dalbergieae, Daleeae, dehiscence, DELTA, Desmodieae, Faboideae (Fabaceae). U. S. Department of Agriculture, Dipteryxeae, distribution, embryo, embryonic axis, en- Technical Bulletin No. 1890, 1,212 pp. docarp, endosperm, epicarp, epicotyl, Euchresteae, Fabeae, fracture line, follicle, funiculus, Galegeae, Genisteae, Technical identification of fruits and seeds of the economi- gynophore, halo, Hedysareae, hilar groove, hilar groove cally important legume plant family (Fabaceae or lips, hilum, Hypocalypteae, hypocotyl, indehiscent, Leguminosae) is often required of U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Tree and Tree-Like Species of Mexico: Asteraceae, Leguminosae, and Rubiaceae
    Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 84: 439-470, 2013 Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 84: 439-470, 2013 DOI: 10.7550/rmb.32013 DOI: 10.7550/rmb.32013439 Tree and tree-like species of Mexico: Asteraceae, Leguminosae, and Rubiaceae Especies arbóreas y arborescentes de México: Asteraceae, Leguminosae y Rubiaceae Martin Ricker , Héctor M. Hernández, Mario Sousa and Helga Ochoterena Herbario Nacional de México, Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Apartado postal 70- 233, 04510 México D. F., Mexico. [email protected] Abstract. Trees or tree-like plants are defined here broadly as perennial, self-supporting plants with a total height of at least 5 m (without ascending leaves or inflorescences), and with one or several erect stems with a diameter of at least 10 cm. We continue our compilation of an updated list of all native Mexican tree species with the dicotyledonous families Asteraceae (36 species, 39% endemic), Leguminosae with its 3 subfamilies (449 species, 41% endemic), and Rubiaceae (134 species, 24% endemic). The tallest tree species reach 20 m in the Asteraceae, 70 m in the Leguminosae, and also 70 m in the Rubiaceae. The species-richest genus is Lonchocarpus with 67 tree species in Mexico. Three legume genera are endemic to Mexico (Conzattia, Hesperothamnus, and Heteroflorum). The appendix lists all species, including their original publication, references of taxonomic revisions, existence of subspecies or varieties, maximum height in Mexico, and endemism status. Key words: biodiversity, flora, tree definition. Resumen. Las plantas arbóreas o arborescentes se definen aquí en un sentido amplio como plantas perennes que se pueden sostener por sí solas, con una altura total de al menos 5 m (sin considerar hojas o inflorescencias ascendentes) y con uno o varios tallos erectos de un diámetro de al menos 10 cm.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Biogeography of Endemic Seed Plant Genera in the Caribbean: Did Gaarlandia Play a Role?
    Received: 18 May 2017 | Revised: 11 September 2017 | Accepted: 14 September 2017 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3521 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Historical Biogeography of endemic seed plant genera in the Caribbean: Did GAARlandia play a role? María Esther Nieto-Blázquez1 | Alexandre Antonelli2,3,4 | Julissa Roncal1 1Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada Abstract 2Department of Biological and Environmental The Caribbean archipelago is a region with an extremely complex geological history Sciences, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, and an outstanding plant diversity with high levels of endemism. The aim of this study Sweden was to better understand the historical assembly and evolution of endemic seed plant 3Gothenburg Botanical Garden, Göteborg, Sweden genera in the Caribbean, by first determining divergence times of endemic genera to 4Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, test whether the hypothesized Greater Antilles and Aves Ridge (GAARlandia) land Göteborg, Sweden bridge played a role in the archipelago colonization and second by testing South Correspondence America as the main colonization source as expected by the position of landmasses María Esther Nieto-Blázquez, Biology Department, Memorial University of and recent evidence of an asymmetrical biotic interchange. We reconstructed a dated Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada. molecular phylogenetic tree for 625 seed plants including 32 Caribbean endemic gen- Emails: [email protected]; menietoblazquez@ gmail.com era using Bayesian inference and ten calibrations. To estimate the geographic range of the ancestors of endemic genera, we performed a model selection between a null and Funding information NSERC-Discovery grant, Grant/Award two complex biogeographic models that included timeframes based on geological Number: RGPIN-2014-03976; MUN’s information, dispersal probabilities, and directionality among regions.
    [Show full text]
  • A Phylogeny of Legumes (Leguminosae) Based on Analysis of the Plastid Matk Gene Resolves Many Well-Supported Subclades Within the Family1
    American Journal of Botany 91(11): 1846±1862. 2004. A PHYLOGENY OF LEGUMES (LEGUMINOSAE) BASED ON ANALYSIS OF THE PLASTID MATK GENE RESOLVES MANY WELL-SUPPORTED SUBCLADES WITHIN THE FAMILY1 MARTIN F. W OJCIECHOWSKI,2,5 MATT LAVIN,3 AND MICHAEL J. SANDERSON4 2School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-4501 USA; 3Department of Plant Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717 USA; and 4Section of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 USA Phylogenetic analysis of 330 plastid matK gene sequences, representing 235 genera from 37 of 39 tribes, and four outgroup taxa from eurosids I supports many well-resolved subclades within the Leguminosae. These results are generally consistent with those derived from other plastid sequence data (rbcL and trnL), but show greater resolution and clade support overall. In particular, the monophyly of subfamily Papilionoideae and at least seven major subclades are well-supported by bootstrap and Bayesian credibility values. These subclades are informally recognized as the Cladrastis clade, genistoid sensu lato, dalbergioid sensu lato, mirbelioid, millettioid, and robinioid clades, and the inverted-repeat-lacking clade (IRLC). The genistoid clade is expanded to include genera such as Poecilanthe, Cyclolobium, Bowdichia, and Diplotropis and thus contains the vast majority of papilionoids known to produce quinolizidine alkaloids. The dalbergioid clade is expanded to include the tribe Amorpheae. The mirbelioids include the tribes Bossiaeeae and Mirbelieae, with Hypocalypteae as its sister group. The millettioids comprise two major subclades that roughly correspond to the tribes Millettieae and Phaseoleae and represent the only major papilionoid clade marked by a macromorphological apomorphy, pseu- doracemose in¯orescences.
    [Show full text]