Infrastructure and Structural Transformation: Evidence from Ethiopia
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Role of Agricultural Education in the Development of Agriculture in Ethiopia Dean Alexander Elliott Iowa State College
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1957 Role of agricultural education in the development of agriculture in Ethiopia Dean Alexander Elliott Iowa State College Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Adult and Continuing Education Administration Commons, and the Adult and Continuing Education and Teaching Commons Recommended Citation Elliott, Dean Alexander, "Role of agricultural education in the development of agriculture in Ethiopia " (1957). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 1348. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/1348 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ROLE OP AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN ETHIOPIA by Dean Alexander Elliott A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major Subject: Vocational Education Approved Signature was redacted for privacy. Charge of Major Work Signature was redacted for privacy. Hea Ma^ctr^partrnent Signature was redacted for privacy. Dé ah of Graduate Iowa State College 1957 il TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 1 COUNTRY AND PEOPLE .... ..... 5 History 5 Geography 16 People 30 Government 38 Ethiopian Orthodox Church lj.6 Transportation and Communication pif. NATIVE AGRICULTURE 63 Soils 71 Crops 85 Grassland and Pasture 109 Livestock 117 Land Tenure 135? GENERAL AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION 162 Organization and Administration 165 Teacher Supply and Teacher Education 175 Schools and Colleges 181}. -
Background Information Study Tour Ethiopia 2007
Landscape Transformation and Sustainable Development in Ethiopia | downloaded: 13.3.2017 Background information for a study tour through Ethiopia, 4-20 September 2006 University of Bern Institute of Geography https://doi.org/10.7892/boris.71076 2007 source: Cover photographs Left: Digging an irrigation channel near Lake Maybar to substitute missing rain in the drought of 1984/1985. Hans Hurni, 1985. Centre: View of the Simen Mountains from the lowlands in the Simen Mountains National Park. Gudrun Schwilch, 1994. Right: Extreme soil degradation in the Andit Tid area, a research site of the Soil Conservation Research Programme (SCRP). Hans Hurni, 1983. Landscape Transformation and Sustainable Development in Ethiopia Background information for a study tour through Ethiopia, 4-20 September 2006 University of Bern Institute of Geography 2007 3 Impressum © 2007 University of Bern, Institute of Geography, Centre for Development and Environment Concept: Hans Hurni Coordination and layout: Brigitte Portner Contributors: Alemayehu Assefa, Amare Bantider, Berhan Asmamew, Manuela Born, Antonia Eisenhut, Veronika Elgart, Elias Fekade, Franziska Grossenbacher, Christine Hauert, Karl Herweg, Hans Hurni, Kaspar Hurni, Daniel Loppacher, Sylvia Lörcher, Eva Ludi, Melese Tesfaye, Andreas Obrecht, Brigitte Portner, Eduardo Ronc, Lorenz Roten, Michael Rüegsegger, Stefan Salzmann, Solomon Hishe, Ivo Strahm, Andres Strebel, Gianreto Stuppani, Tadele Amare, Tewodros Assefa, Stefan Zingg. Citation: Hurni, H., Amare Bantider, Herweg, K., Portner, B. and H. Veit (eds.). 2007. Landscape Transformation ansd Sustainable Development in Ethiopia. Background information for a study tour through Ethiopia, 4-20 September 2006, compiled by the participants. Centre for Development and Environment, University of Bern, Bern, 321 pp. Available from: www.cde.unibe.ch. -
ETHIOPIA Malaria 26,350 39,000
1 US Foreign Assistance: Requested FY 2012 Requested FY 2013 (thousands USD) Estimated total: 580,405 351,271 Adaptation: 5,000 4,000 Feed the Future: 29,000 50,000 ETHIOPIA Malaria 26,350 39,000 CLIMATE VULNERABILITY PROFILE Water: 7,892 26,046 Priority Adaptation Country in 2011: YES Key Climate Stressors: Heat, Extreme events INTRODUCTION sectors of concern include changes to forest and biodiversity resources and public health, as climate changes may cause a greater prevalence of Ethiopia, located in eastern Africa, has a population of approximately 80 diarrhea and vector-borne diseases such as malaria. The regions of Afar, million people. Agriculture is an important sector of the economy; almost Somali, Oromia, and Tigray, which have relatively high poverty levels, are half of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) comes from this comparatively more vulnerable to climate changes than other regions in the sector and 85 percent of the population depends on agriculture for their country. livelihoods. Ethiopia is one of the poorest countries in the world and has encountered problems with inflation and regional security in the volatile Horn of Africa. The country faces numerous challenges to development, KEY USAID PROGRAM VULNERABILITIES including high death and disease rates, limited access to education, and lack of food security. Growth in the agricultural sector is constrained by factors USAID invests significantly in Ethiopia’s social and economic development. including increasing land degradation; conflicts over scarce resources; limited Several of the USAID/Ethiopia Mission’s programs will be vulnerable to access to information, education, skills, and financial services; inadequate climate changes, including food security, economic development, water, and government policies, capacities, and coordination; and social and gender malaria. -
The Sultanates of Medieval Ethiopia Amélie Chekroun, Bertrand Hirsch
The Sultanates of Medieval Ethiopia Amélie Chekroun, Bertrand Hirsch To cite this version: Amélie Chekroun, Bertrand Hirsch. The Sultanates of Medieval Ethiopia. Samantha Kelly. A Companion to Medieval Ethiopia and Eritrea, Brill, pp.86-112, 2020, 978-90-04-41943-8. 10.1163/9789004419582_005. halshs-02505420 HAL Id: halshs-02505420 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02505420 Submitted on 9 Apr 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. A. Chekroun & B. Hirsch, “The Sultanates of Medieval Ethiopia” in S. Kelly (éd.), Companion to Medieval Ethiopia and Eritrea, Boston, Brill, 2020, p. 86-112. PREPRINT 4 The Sultanates of Medieval Ethiopia Amélie Chekroun and Bertrand Hirsch Given its geographical situation across the Red Sea from the Arabian Peninsula and the Gulf of Aden, it is perhaps not surprising that the Horn of Africa was exposed to an early and continuous presence of Islam during the Middle Ages. Indeed, it has long been known that Muslim communities and Islamic sultanates flourished in Ethiopia and bordering lands during the medieval centuries. However, despite a sizeable amount of Ethiopian Christian documents (in Gǝʿǝz) relating to their Muslim neighbors and valuable Arabic literary sources produced outside Ethiopia and, in some cases, emanating from Ethiopian communities themselves, the Islamic presence in Ethiopia remains difficult to apprehend. -
Syncrisis: the Dynamics of Health: Volume VIII, Ethiopia Britanak, RA
AGENCY FOR INTRNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOR AID USE ONLY WASHINGTON. ). C. 20623 BIBLIOGRAPHIC INPUT SHEET A. PRIMARY I.SUBJECT Pbic ealt CLASSI- SECONDARY FICATION 8. Planning &Evaluation 2. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Syncrisis: the dynamics of health: Volume VIII, Ethiopia 3. AUTHOR(S) Britanak, R. A.; Davis, J. H.; Daly, J.A. 4. DOCUMENT DATE NUMBER OF PAGES 6. ARC NUMBER 1974 IARC pARC*. 7. REFERENCE ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS Office of International Health, Division of Planning and Evaluation, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Washington, D.C. 8. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES (Sponaoring Organization, Publlehers#Availability) (InDHEW publication No. (OS) 74-50004) 9. ABSTRACT Ethiopia isa poor country; economic, physical and trained human resources are exceedingly scarce. Nonetheless the Ethiopian government has been implementing a health program which first will develop a number of instruments to improve health and then integrate them into a single, coherent health agency. A national service to combat malaria and other prevalent communicable diseases is probably the most cost-effective action available to the Ethiopian. Lack of adequate environmental sanitation and frequent malnutrition represent the most important areas in which new program initiatives would exert the greatest impact on Ethiopia's health status. The development of teams of health officers, sanitarians, and community nurses isa key element in the provincial health system. Encouraging as these programs are, they are growing only very slowly, and their administration and management are particularly weak. And although these programs are important, priority might well be given to more active programs to reduce population growth, to extend health services to the rural areas and to improve environmental sanitation and nutrition. -
Palgrave Series in African Borderlands Studies
Palgrave Series in African Borderlands Studies Series Editors Gregor Dobler (Freiburg University) William Miles (Northeastern University) Wolfgang Zeller (University of Edinburgh) Advisory Board Anthony I. Asiwaju (African Regional Institute) David Coplan (University of the Witwatersrand) Alice Bellagamba (University of Milan-Bicocca) Pierre Englebert (Pomona College) Jan-Bart Gewald (University of Leiden) Amanda Hammar (Copenhagen University) Thomas Hüsken (University of Bayreuth) Georg Klute (University of Bayreuth) Baz Lecocq (Ghent University) Camille Lefebvre (Panthéon-Sorbonne/CNRS) Kate Meagher (London School of Economics) Paul Nugent (University of Edinburgh) Wafula Okumu (African Union Border Programme) Timothy Raeymaekers (University of Zürich—) Cristina Udelsmann Rodrigues (University Institute of Lisbon) Holger Weiss (Åbo Akademi University) Jerzy Zdanowski (Polish Academy of Sciences) Werner Zips (University of Vienna) Published in cooperation with the African Borderlands Research Network and the European Science Foundation African borderlands are among the continent’s most creative and most rapidly chang- ing social spaces, acting as theaters of identity formation and cultural exchange, of violent conflict and regional integration, of economic growth and sudden stagna- tion, of state building and state failure. Because their unique position at the margins of social and legal spaces offers more flexibility to social actors, borderlands reflect changes on the national level more quickly and more radically than most inland regions. -
Can Big Push Infrastructure Unlock Development? Evidence
Can Big Push Infrastructure Unlock Development? Evidence from Ethiopia Niclas Moneke∗ LSE Job Market Paper November 2019 [click here for latest version] Abstract Roads are instrumental to market access. Electricity is a key technology for mod- ern production. Both have been widely studied in isolation. In reality, infrastructure investments are commonly bundled. How such big push infrastructure investments interact in causing economic development, however, is not well understood. To this end, I first develop a spatial general equilibrium model to understand how big push infrastructure investments may differ from isolated investments. Second, I track the large-scale road and electricity network expansions in Ethiopia over the last two decades and present causal reduced-form evidence confirming markedly different patterns: access to an all-weather road alone increases services employment, at the expense of manufacturing. In contrast, additionally electrified locations see large reversals in the manufacturing employment shares. Third, I leverage the model to structurally estimate the implied welfare effects of big push infrastructure in- vestments. I find welfare in Ethiopia increased by at least 11% compared to no investments, while isolated counterfactual road (electrification) investments would have increased welfare by only 2% (0.7%). JEL classification: F15, J24, L16, O13, O14, O18, Q41, R1 ∗I am indebted to Oriana Bandiera, Gharad Bryan, Robin Burgess and Daniel Sturm for their con- tinuous support throughout this project. I thank Karun Adusumilli, Jan David Bakker, Tim Besley, Francesco Caselli, Simon Franklin, Doug Gollin, Michael Greenstone, Vernon Henderson, Felix K¨onig, David Lagakos, Rocco Machiavello, Ted Miguel, Bart Minten, David Nagy, Shan Aman Rana, Imran Rasul, Claudio Schilter, Fabian Waldinger, Torsten Figueiredo Walter and participants at Bonn, CEPR- ILO Geneva, CURE, InsTED, OxDEV, ONS, SERC, SMYE Brussels and UEA Philadelphia for helpful comments. -
Poverty, Peasantry and Agriculture in Ethiopia
Accepted Manuscript Poverty, peasantry and agriculture in Ethiopia Temesgen Gebeyehu Baye PII: S1512-1887(16)30120-8 DOI: 10.1016/j.aasci.2017.04.002 Reference: AASCI 97 To appear in: Annals of Agrarian Sciences Received Date: 2 December 2016 Revised Date: 24 March 2017 Accepted Date: 3 April 2017 Please cite this article as: T.G. Baye, Poverty, peasantry and agriculture in Ethiopia, Annals of Agrarian Sciences (2017), doi: 10.1016/j.aasci.2017.04.002. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Poverty, Peasantry and Agriculture in Ethiopia Temesgen Gebeyehu 1 MANUSCRIPT 1 About the Author:ACCEPTED Temesgen Gebeyehu Baye is an Associate Professor of History at Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia. Author Correspondence: Email: [email protected] ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Poverty, Peasantry and Agriculture in Ethiopia Temesgen Gebeyehu Baye 1 2017 Key Words : Poverty, productivity,MANUSCRIPT Peasantry, Agriculture, Ethiopia ACCEPTED 1 Temesgen Gebeyehu Baye, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia. Author Correspondence: Email: [email protected] 1 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Abstract In Ethiopia, people have been dominantly agrarian society with subsistence way of living. They have mainly made their livelihood by tilling and herding. Mixed agriculture has been dominant economic activity. -
Lesson 12: the MEDICAL GEOGRAPHY of ETHIOPIA
Lesson 12: THE MEDICAL GEOGRAPHY OF ETHIOPIA Aynalem Adugna The Human Ecology of Disease Two Examples: Malaria and Tuberculosis Basic Medical Terms The Medical Geography of Ethiopia In this section, a spatial approach focusing only on the geographic aspects of health, diseases, and health care in Ethiopia are emphasized. What is a geographical approach? What is Medical Geography? How is it defined? Medical Geography Defined “Medical geography: An important "new" area of health research that is a hybrid between geography and medicine dealing with the geographic aspects of health and healthcare. Medical geography studies the effects of locale and climate upon health. It aims to improve the understanding of the various factors which affect the health of populations and hence individuals. It is also called health geographics”. [1] www.EthioDemographyAndHealth Medical Geography of Ethiopia. Aynalem Adugna “Whoever wishes to investigate medicine properly should proceed thus: in the first place to consider the seasons of the year and what effect each of them produces (for they are not at all alike, but differ much from themselves in regard to their changes). Then the winds, the hot and cold, especially such as are common to all countries, and then such are peculiar to each locality. We must also consider the qualities of the waters, for as they differ from one another in taste and weight, so also do they differ much in their qualities. In the same manner when one comes in to a city to which he is a stranger, he ought to consider its situation, how it lies as to the north or the south, to the rising or setting sun. -
Addis Ababa University College of Social Sciences Department of History
ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY DISSERTATION A HISTORY OF MINING IN WALLAGGA, WESTERN ETHIOPIA, 1899-1991. By ALEMSEGED DEBELE JULY 2020 A HISTORY OF MINING IN WALLAGGA, WESTERN ETHIOPIA, 1899-1991. BY ALEMSEGED DEBELE A Dissertation submitted to College of Social Sciences of Addis Ababa University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History Advisor: Professor Tesema Ta’a Addis Ababa July 2020 Table of Contents Page Acknowledgments………………………………………………………………….……....…..v Abstract …………………………………………………………………………………….....vi Key to Transliteration…………………………………………………………………….......vii Acronyms..………………………………………………………………………………….....ix List of Tables………………………………………………………………………….….........x List of Graphs and Charts …………………………………………..………………..……….xii List of Maps………………………………………………………..………………….……...xiii CHAPTER ONE Introduction…………………………………...………………………………….…………......1 1.1 Framing the Dissertation……………………………………..……………………...............1 1.2 The Study Area and Some Aspects of the Geological Features of Its Mining Sites….......…6 1.3 Historical Setting: Mining Activities in Wallagga and Beni Shangul ca. 1820s-1890s........13 1.4 Concepts, Sources and Methodology………………………………………………………..23 1.5 Organization of the Chapters……………………………………………………………...,..41 CHAPTER TWO Concessions, Local Miners and the State (1899-1910)……………………………………….44 2.1 Competition Among the Concessionaires, Gold Miners and the Outflow of Gold from Wallagga (1899-1910)……………………………………………………………..….45 -
The Reaction of the Gumuz People Against Large-Scale Land Acquisitions in Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia Tsegaye Moreda1
Listening to their silence? The reaction of the Gumuz people against large-scale land acquisitions in Benishangul-Gumuz region, Ethiopia Tsegaye Moreda1 Abstract In Ethiopia, large-scale land acquisitions have been looming ever larger over the last few years, mainly in the lowland parts of the country. A substantial amount of land has already been acquired by both domestic and foreign investors in Benishangul-Gumuz region. The land acquisitions pose apparent threats to the economic, cultural, and ecological survival of local indigenous communities. In particular, Gumuz ethnic groups, who depend on customary forms of land access and control, as well as whose livelihoods based heavily on access to natural resources, are being differentially affected. Through a case study in some selected administrative districts of the Benishangul-Gumuz region, this paper is an attempt to use empirical evidence to examine how local indigenous communities are engaging with or challenging the recent land acquisitions. By doing so, the paper shows how the apparent silence of the Gumuz people regarding the land acquisitions is misleading. It shows how local communities, although not organized either politically and economically, express their discontent in differentiated ways against the state and social forces - particularly over land, access to employment and around state politics. As I show in this paper, local reactions range from covert to more open forms of resistance. Key words: large-scale land acquisition; local resistance; Benishangul-Gumuz; Ethiopia 1 International Institute of Social Studies of Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Hague, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] 1 1. Introduction This paper sets out to examine how local indigenous communities perceive ongoing large-scale land acquisitions in Ethiopia, and how these communities, with a particular focus to the Gumuz people in the Benishangul-Gumuz region, have been reacting to it. -
1 Kifle Hagers Vs. Killils, Citizen Vs. Subject
1 Kifle Hagers vs. Killils, Citizen vs. Subject: The Case for Restoring the 1974 Non-Tribal Provincial Administrative Areas in Ethiopia Assefa Mehretu Paper presented at Ethiopia Forum: Challenges and Prospects for Constitutional Democracy in Ethiopia International Center, Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan, March 22-24, 2019 Introduction Ethnic federalism based on tribal enclosures or killils that was created by the Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) in 1994 was a solution in search of a problem. Thanks to the EPRDF, Ethiopia now faces a real danger for a pernicious maelstrom of tribal nihilism. The rationale for gerrymandering killil boundaries to resolve non-existent tribal conflicts in Ethiopia was largely fraudulent. Tribal feelings of pride and prejudice may have been present in Ethiopia as everywhere in the world. But that is not a rationale to create an apartheid state. Ethiopians had no history of inter-tribal violent confrontations and they never made demands for separation along tribal lines. Prior to 1974 “there has been little history of sectarian violence in Ethiopia” and the acquisition of political power in Ethiopia prior to the Derg was not constrained by ethnicity or religion (Pendergast and Thomas-Jensen 2007; Levin 1974: 40-68; Clapham 1988: 195-201). EPRDF made ethnicity the signature issue in its flawed constitution exaggerating its significance to “rectifying historically unjust relationships” (GOE 1994). Bereket Habte Selassie, in his 1966 paper on constitutional development in Ethiopia, made not a single mention of an ethnic or tribal issue that entered constitutional matters in the 1931 Ethiopian constitution and subsequent amendments in 1942, 1955 and 1966 (Habte Selassie 1966).