Women As Classically-Trained Trumpet Players in the United States
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Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2009 Women as classically-trained trumpet players in the United States Robyn Dewey Card West Virginia University Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Card, Robyn Dewey, "Women as classically-trained trumpet players in the United States" (2009). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 2891. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/2891 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. 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Women as Classically-Trained Trumpet Players in the United States by Robyn Dewey Card Research Project submitted to the College of Creative Arts Division of Music at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Musical Arts in Trumpet Performance Approved by: Dr. John Winkler, Committee Chairperson Dr. Martin Ferer Dr. Keith Jackson Dr. Virginia Thompson, Research Advisor Dr. Christopher Wilkinson Morgantown, West Virginia 2009 Keywords: Women and Music, Trumpet, Cornet, Orchestra, Band Copyright 2009 Robyn Dewey Card ii Abstract Women as Classically-Trained Trumpet Players in the United States by Robyn Dewey Card This study identifies women in the United States who were trained in the classical tradition and chose to perform trumpet professionally as their full-time career choice during the period of the mid-nineteenth century to the late twentieth century. Although many classically- trained female trumpet players have developed successful professional careers in the genres of jazz and commercial music, specific focus for this study is on classical solo and chamber artists, members of full-time professional symphony orchestras, and members of professional bands. It examines the performance opportunities that were available to female trumpeters, the music they performed, and whether or not they encountered particular challenges arising from their attempts to succeed professionally in a discipline mostly dominated by men. Chapter Two (Brass Bands and the Golden Age of Cornet) discusses the opportunities created by the professional band movement, which allowed women to perform as section players and also as featured cornet soloists. Chapter Three (Women’s Ensembles and the Transition from Cornet to Trumpet) focuses on the development of the orchestra and the initiative taken by women in creating their own ensembles. Chapter Four (New Opportunities Resulting from World War II) examines the performance opportunities for women created by men leaving their positions to serve in the armed forces. Chapter Five (Women in Major Symphony Orchestras) examines the initial acceptance of female trumpeters into the major professional symphonies. Appendix A is a list of women who obtained positions in symphony orchestras, and Appendix C provides transcripts of interviews with select orchestral and solo performers: Barbara Butler, Joyce Johnson-Hamilton, Susan Slaughter, and Marie Speziale. iii Acknowledgements There were quite a few people that contributed to this research project. I would especially like to thank Barbara Butler, Joyce Johnson-Hamilton, Susan Slaughter, and Marie Speziale for not only taking the time to share their experiences and allowing me to include them as part of the document, but for paving the way and providing encouragement to me, and others like me. Eloise Jenkins provided an excellent model in her document on horn players, and also shared her collection of orchestral rosters with me. Norman Schweikert spent time confirming details regarding female orchestral players. Dr. Jill Sullivan shared some of her research regarding the all-women military bands, and Paul Trescott was helpful in providing information on the female cornetists, and allowed me to use some of the pictures from the collection of his uncle, Glenn Bridges. Special thanks goes to Dr. Virginia Thompson who served as my research advisor. Her continuous encouragement and support allowed me to see this project through to completion. Thank you to the members of my committee: Dr. John Winkler, Dr. Martin Ferer, Dr. Keith Jackson, and Dr. Christopher Wilkinson. My family and friends were an invaluable part of this process, providing constant encouragement. iv Dedication To my family and friends. I am extremely blessed. v Table of Contents Abstract.................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................. iii Dedication.................................................................................................................................iv Table of Contents......................................................................................................................v List of Figures .........................................................................................................................vii List of Tables......................................................................................................................... viii Chapter 1 – Introduction..........................................................................................................1 Chapter 2 – Brass Bands and the Golden Age of Cornet ........................................................5 The Family Bands...................................................................................................................5 Anna Teresa Berger.............................................................................................................6 Georgie Dean Spaulding......................................................................................................9 The Women’s Bands...............................................................................................................9 The Cornet Soloists...............................................................................................................14 Alice Raymond .................................................................................................................14 Bessie Gilbert....................................................................................................................16 Mabel Keith ......................................................................................................................17 Marie McNeil....................................................................................................................18 Florence Louise Horne ......................................................................................................20 Browne Greaton ................................................................................................................21 The Minstrel Performers .......................................................................................................22 Chapter 3 – Women’s Ensembles and the Transition from Cornet to Trumpet..................24 Women’s Orchestras .............................................................................................................24 The Soloists ..........................................................................................................................32 Edna White .......................................................................................................................32 Katherine “Kitty” Rankin ..................................................................................................39 Grace Adams East.............................................................................................................42 Chapter 4 – New Opportunities Resulting from World War II............................................45 Leona May Smith..............................................................................................................48 The All-Women Military Bands............................................................................................51 Chapter 5 – Women in Major Orchestras .............................................................................56 Carole Dawn Reinhart.......................................................................................................59 Joyce Johnson-Hamilton ...................................................................................................63 Marie Speziale ..................................................................................................................66 Susan Slaughter.................................................................................................................68 Barbara Butler...................................................................................................................72 Chapter 6 – Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations