DOCSLIB.ORG

Czech Stem Dictionary

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Czech Stem Dictionary SBORNlK PRACl FILOZOFICKE FAKULTY BRNENSKE UN1VERZ1TY STIIDIA MINORA FAC.t ILTATIS PHILOSUPHICAE UNIVER.SITAT1S BRUNENSIS A 41. l'J'j:l KAREL PA LA. KLARA OSOLSOBE CZECH STEM DICTIONARY 1. INTRODUCTION In our contribution we would like to present the results of the research performed at the Dept. of Czech Language, Philosophical Faculty of Masaryk University, Brno in the course of the last three years (Pala, Osolsobe, Franc, 1987. Halasova-Osolsobe. 1989-90, Osolsobe, Pala, 1990). We have set the following tasks: 1. to prepare as complete a machine dictionary of Czech stems as pos­ sible (at present containing about 175 000 entries); 2. to work out an algorithmic description of Czech morphology based on a complete list of pattern (model) words now containing 510 pattern words (Osolsobe, 1991); 3. to prepare a complete machine glossary of Czech words containing 190 000 entries and based on the glossary of the representative Czech dictionary (Dictionary of Literary Czech Language) published in 1960 and reprinted in 1989; 4. to build a collection of computer programs for the automatic morpho­ logical parsing and generating Czech word forms containing also a Czech spelling checker and other programs for creating, updating and mantaining machine dictionaries on personal computers (Pala, Osolsobe, Franc, 1987, Osolsobe, Pala, 1990). 2. CZECH MORPHOLOGY AND DICTIONARIES As our first step we have decided to develop a dictionary of Czech word stems. The basic structure of the Czech stem dictionary can be divided into three parts: 52 KAREL PA LA. KLAKA OS< >LSOBE 1. those words that cannot be inflected, i. e. adverbs, prepositions, con­ junctions, particles and interjections; 2. forms of words with irregular inflection, i. e. personal, demonstrative, negative and indefinite pronouns and also a few irregular verbs, as eg. byt (to be), mit (to have), chtit (to want). Jit (togo), 3. a dictionary of stems of regularly inflected parts of speech, i. e. nouns, adjectives, numerals and all regular verbs. Uninflected words and irregularly inflected words represent the part of our dictionary that can be called the „fixed dictionary". It is a full list of the noninflected and irregularly inflected word forms that are found in Czech, together with the information about their part of speech and res­ pective grammatical categories associated to them. As a result we now have a dictionary of stems having the following structure: 1. on each line there is an entry consisting of a basic noun, adjective or verb form segmented as a stem and an ending, particularly, - as a stem without a final consonant, final consonant and ending, - as a root, word forming suffix and ending, - as a stem, word forming suffix and ending. - as a stem, stem forming suffix and ending. From a formal point of view a stem can be defined as a string of charac­ ters (lower case letters) ending in a space or nonalphabetic character (eg. by hyphen „-"), followed either by an ending or a final consonant, word forming suffix, stem forming suffix and ending or followed by a space. Examples: pan-O (lord) ten-a (woman) vl-k-O (wolf) mat-k-a (mother) sidl-ist-e (settlement, housing estate) pekn-y (nice) del-a-t (to do) 2. a symbol denoting which part of speech the basic form belongs to. With nouns we also associate the respective four genders (see also Sgall. 1960), eg. @1Z - animate masculine @1W - inanimate masculine @1F - feminine @1N - neuter. CZECH STEM DICTIONARY 53 Further we distinguish hard adjectives - @2T, and soft adjectives - @2M. Verbs as a whole are denoted as @5A. For all uninflected parts of speech we use the symbol @NO and they have unified inflection pattern denoted as >dummy. 3. An inflection pattern (see Sect. 3) is introduced by the character >, e.g. pan @1Z >pdn kld-r-a ©IF >sd sidl-ist-e ©IN >sidl pekn-y @2T >nov del-a-t ®5A >del The following components of the entry are not obligatory: 4. the character _ expresses that the word contained in the entry can have a negative form obtained by adding the prefix ne-, (not). 5. the character " is used with adjectives to express the fact they may form the superlative with the prefix ne/-, (most), 6. the character A shows that the word contained in the entry starts in uppercase (e.g., proper noun), 7. all uninflected words contain information about the word category they belong to in the form „/kat:V, /kat:Y, /kat:X, /kat:W, /kat:Z", eg-, pan @1Z >pdn kld-r-a ©IF >sd A sidl-ist-e ©IN >sidl pikn-y @2T >nov ~" del-a-t @5A >del~ tarn ©NO >dummy /kat:V 8. an entry also can contain ..switches", i.e. strings of characters begin­ ning with / and followed by a string of lowercase letters of the Czech alphabet. A switch defines the word forming structure of a word or a word deriving suffix. Thus a dictionary where entries contain these switches yields a classification of the entries according to word for­ mation classes. In this way the switches represent a base for more detailed classification of the words according to the respec­ tive word formation types. An example: anarchist-k-a ©IF >mat /istkaa (type a)) 54 KAHEL PALA. KLARA OSOLSOBE kod-k-a ©IF >mat /kaa (type a)) pojist-k-a ©IF >alja$ /kab (type b)) ucitel-k-a @1F >mat / telkaa (type a)) 3. THE LIST OF PATTERNS AND ITS STRUCTURE The list of patterns displays a two level structure: 1. definitions of the sets of endings, 2. definitions of the patterns. 3.1. DEFINITIONS OF THE SETS OF ENDINGS A set of endings is a collection of endings, and there are 166 of them in our system, that for all words belonging to one inflection type expresses the same grammatical meaning. At the same time the requirement has to be fulfilled that all the endings belonging to one set combine with just one variant of the stem. This, of course, means that the endings that combine with the forms in which alternations of stem occur belong to a special set. An example: The endings connected with the typical pattern pan are: -O, -a, -u, -ovi, -em, -i, -ove, -e, -il, -urn, -y, -ech, -ich, -e. The can be divided into the following subsets: =V1 [Qsm] (a,2) (u,3) (ovi,3) (a.4) (u,6) (ovi,6) (em. 7) [Qpm] (u,2) (um,3) (y.4) (y.7) CZECH STEM DICTIONARY 55 =VI [Qpm] 0.1) (i.5) =VOVE [Qpm] (ove.l) (ove,5) =VE [Qpm] (6.1) (e.5) =V13X [Qsm] (_.D =WE [Qsy] (e.5) =WU [Qsyl (u.5) The definition of the set of endings has a fixed format. It begins with a character „=", followed by the name of the defined set consisting of uppercase letters and digits. On the folowing line (in the third column) there is a string of characters in square brackets denoting the part of speech, number, and gender for words that arise as a combination of the stems of a certain type and the ending(s) of the defined set. The next line(s) contains the definition of single endings belonging to the set. In the brackets one can gradualy find the respective endings separated by a comma „," from a digit (1, 2, 3, 4, 5. 6, 7) denoting case or person. The following symbols are used: Q - noun V - adverb R - adjective W - preposition S - pronoun X - conjunction T - numeral Y - particle U - verb Z - interjection s - singular P " plural 1....7 case 56 KAREL PALA, KLARA OSOLSCIBE m gender, animate masculine w gender, inanimate masculine f genden, feminine n genden, neuter z m + w (animate masculine + inanimate masculine) y m + w + n (animate masculine + inanimate masculine + neuter) q w + f (inanimate masculine + feminine) u w + n (inanimate masculine + neuter) X m + w + f + n (animate masculine + inanimate masculine + femi­ nine + neuter) a positive of adverbs b comparative of adverbs A 1st person C 3rd person B 2nd person G infinitive The above mentioned combinations of genders and other categories are quite freguent, therefere it is very useful to have the presented abb­ reviations for them. 3.2. PATTERN DEFINITIONS The number of patterns is quite large if cmpared with standard gram­ mars of Czech (Havranek, Jedlicka, 1981, Petr a kol, 1986). There are 510 patterns in our list, and one half are noun patterns, one third - verb patterns, one tenth - adjective patterns, and the rest - numeral patterns (Osolsobe, 1991). The reason for having this number of patterns is that we want to capture all the doublets and exceptions in Czech declension and conjugation. A pattern is defined as a pattern word and sets of endings - their combinations capture all the word forms associated with a given pattern. Pattern words can be segmented in several ways: • stem + <> + set (sets) of endings, • stem + < word forming suffix > + set (sets) of endings, • stem + < final consonant > + set (sets) of endings, • stem + < final consonant + word forming suffix > + set (sets) of endings, • stem + < comparative suffix > + set (sets) of endings, • stem + < final consonant + comparative suffix > + set (sets) of endings, • stem + < stem forming suffix > + set (sets) of endings, • stem + < final consonant + stem forming suffix > + set (sets) of endings. The strings in angle brackets can be called intersegments and there are 241 of them in our system. They include: CZECH STEM DICTH )NAHY 57 1. final consonants where the following alternations take place: fc-c-c, h-z-z, g-z-i, c/i-5, r-f, 2. final consonants with the ..graphic" alternations: d-d', t-f, n-n, 3. final consonant groups with epenthetical -e that is omitted in the cases with full ending: eb-b, el-l, em-m, en-n, er-r, et-t, eu-v, 4.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Inflectional Suffix Priming in Czech Verbs and Nouns
    Inflectional Suffix Priming in Czech Verbs and Nouns Filip Smol´ık ([email protected]) Institute of Psychology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Politickych´ vezˇ nˇu˚ 7, Praha 1, CZ-110 00, Czech Republic Abstract research suggested that only prefixes could be primed, but not suffixes (Giraudo & Graigner, 2003). Two experiments examined if processing of inflectional affixes Recently, Dunabeitia,˜ Perea, and Carreiras (2008) were is affected by morphological priming, and whether morpho- logical decomposition applies to inflectional morphemes in vi- able to show affix priming in suffixed Spanish words. Their sual word recognition. Target words with potentially ambigu- participants processed the suffixed words faster if they were ous suffixes were preceded by primes that contained identical preceded by words with the same suffixes. The effect was also suffixes, homophonous suffixes with different function, or dif- ferent suffixes. The results partially confirmed the observa- present when the primes contained isolated suffixes only, or tion that morphological decomposition initially ignores the af- suffixes attached to strings of non-letter characters. fix meaning. With verb targets and short stimulus-onset asyn- The literature thus indicates that affixes can be primed, chrony (SOA), homophonous suffixes had similar effects as identical suffixes. With noun targets, there was a tendency to even though there may be differences between prefixes and respond faster after homophonous targets. With longer SOA in suffixes in the susceptibility to priming. However, all re- verb targets, the primes with identical suffix resulted in shorter search sketched above worked with derivational affixes. It is responses than the primes with a homophonous suffix.
    [Show full text]
  • Berkeley Linguistics Society
    PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORTY-FIRST ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BERKELEY LINGUISTICS SOCIETY February 7-8, 2015 General Session Special Session Fieldwork Methodology Editors Anna E. Jurgensen Hannah Sande Spencer Lamoureux Kenny Baclawski Alison Zerbe Berkeley Linguistics Society Berkeley, CA, USA Berkeley Linguistics Society University of California, Berkeley Department of Linguistics 1203 Dwinelle Hall Berkeley, CA 94720-2650 USA All papers copyright c 2015 by the Berkeley Linguistics Society, Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0363-2946 LCCN: 76-640143 Contents Acknowledgments . v Foreword . vii The No Blur Principle Effects as an Emergent Property of Language Systems Farrell Ackerman, Robert Malouf . 1 Intensification and sociolinguistic variation: a corpus study Andrea Beltrama . 15 Tagalog Sluicing Revisited Lena Borise . 31 Phonological Opacity in Pendau: a Local Constraint Conjunction Analysis Yan Chen . 49 Proximal Demonstratives in Predicate NPs Ryan B . Doran, Gregory Ward . 61 Syntax of generic null objects revisited Vera Dvořák . 71 Non-canonical Noun Incorporation in Bzhedug Adyghe Ksenia Ershova . 99 Perceptual distribution of merging phonemes Valerie Freeman . 121 Second Position and “Floating” Clitics in Wakhi Zuzanna Fuchs . 133 Some causative alternations in K’iche’, and a unified syntactic derivation John Gluckman . 155 The ‘Whole’ Story of Partitive Quantification Kristen A . Greer . 175 A Field Method to Describe Spontaneous Motion Events in Japanese Miyuki Ishibashi . 197 i On the Derivation of Relative Clauses in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec Nick Kalivoda, Erik Zyman . 219 Gradability and Mimetic Verbs in Japanese: A Frame-Semantic Account Naoki Kiyama, Kimi Akita . 245 Exhaustivity, Predication and the Semantics of Movement Peter Klecha, Martina Martinović . 267 Reevaluating the Diphthong Mergers in Japono-Ryukyuan Tyler Lau .
    [Show full text]
  • Predicting Declension Class from Form and Meaning
    This is a repository copy of Predicting declension class from form and meaning. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/161615/ Proceedings Paper: Williams, Adina, Pimentel, Tiago, McCarthy, Arya et al. (3 more authors) (2020) Predicting declension class from form and meaning. In: Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting for the Association of Computational Linguistics. Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Predicting Declension Class from Form and Meaning Adina Williams@ Tiago PimentelD Arya D. McCarthyZ Hagen BlixË Eleanor ChodroffY Ryan CotterellD,Q @Facebook AI Research DUniversity of Cambridge ZJohns Hopkins University ËNew York University YUniversity of York QETH Zurich¨ [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract The noun lexica of many natural languages are divided into several declension classes with characteristic morphological properties.
    [Show full text]
  • Predicting Declension Class from Form and Meaning
    Research Collection Conference Paper Predicting Declension Class from Form and Meaning Author(s): Williams, Adina; Pimentel, Tiago; Blix, Hagen; McCarthy, Arya D.; Chodroff, Eleanor; Cotterell, Ryan Publication Date: 2020-07 Permanent Link: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000462306 Originally published in: http://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.597 Rights / License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International This page was generated automatically upon download from the ETH Zurich Research Collection. For more information please consult the Terms of use. ETH Library Predicting Declension Class from Form and Meaning Adina Williams@ Tiago PimentelD Arya D. McCarthyZ Hagen BlixË Eleanor ChodroffY Ryan CotterellD;Q @Facebook AI Research DUniversity of Cambridge ZJohns Hopkins University ËNew York University YUniversity of York QETH Zurich¨ [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract The noun lexica of many natural languages are divided into several declension classes with characteristic morphological properties. Class membership is far from deterministic, but the phonological form of a noun and its + meaning can often provide imperfect clues. Here, we investigate the strength of those clues. More specifically, we operationalize “strength” as measuring how much informa- Figure 1: The conditional entropies (H) and mutual in- tion, in bits, we can glean about declension formation quantities (MI) of form (W ), meaning (V ), class from knowing the form and meaning and declension class (C), given gender (G) in German of nouns. We know that form and mean- and Czech. ing are often also indicative of grammatical gender—which, as we quantitatively verify, can itself share information with declension not are few in number.
    [Show full text]
  • Co 2017 Vera Dvoráková ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
    c 2017 Vˇera Dvoˇr´akov´a ALL RIGHTS RESERVED GENERIC AND INDEFINITE NULL OBJECTS BY VERAˇ DVORˇ AKOV´ A´ A dissertation submitted to the Graduate School—New Brunswick Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in Linguistics Written under the direction of Mark Baker and approved by Mark Baker (Rutgers University) Ken Safir (Rutgers University) Roger Schwarzschild (MIT) Radek Sim´ıkˇ (Humboldt-Universit¨at zu Berlin) New Brunswick, New Jersey October, 2017 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Generic and indefinite null objects by Vˇera Dvoˇr´akov´a Dissertation Director: Mark Baker This thesis is concerned with the syntactic and syntactico-semantic properties of two types of non-overt internal arguments: the so-called generic null objects (GNO), as in Lars von Trier’s movies always shock , and indefinite null objects (INO) as in John reads / is reading . In addition to the known data on GNO and INO, coming mainly from English, Italian, and French, it utilizes data from Czech, a Slavic language with rich inflectional morphology, which enables a novel perspective on how these invisible objects are derived in language. I argue against the predominant view that GNO are syntactically pronouns (Rizzi 1986; Authier 1992a,b), consisting of a D-feature and/or a set of ϕ-features (Landau 2010), and possibly receiving case. Evidence is provided that albeit syntactically represented, GNO consist of a single syntactic node, little n, bearing just the interpretable gender feature, but no number or person features. Rather than pronouns with a fully developed nominal functional projection, GNO should be conceived as conceptually impoverished nouns (i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Science of Aphasia XX Rome, September 23-26, 2019 The
    Jaargang 24, Supplement, September 2019 Stem-, Spraak- en Taalpathologie 20th International Science of Aphasia Conference: Abstracts Program i Oral Presentations I 1 Poster Session I 23 Oral Presentations II 65 Poster Session II 80 Oral Presentations III 120 Poster Session III 148 Poster Session IV 190 Stem-, Spraak- en Taalpathologie 32.8310/2019/Supplement - i Vol. 24, 2019, Supplement, pp. i-vii © University of Groningen Press Science of Aphasia XX Rome, September 23-26, 2019 The temporal lobe revisited: Neural and Functional updates PROGRAM Monday 23 September 9.00 –12.00 Invited talks: Anatomical and functional overview Marco Catani (NatBrainLab, King’s College, London, UK) David Poeppel (Max-Planck-Institut fur empirische Aesthetik, Frankfurt, Germany) 12.00 –13.00 Lunch 13.00 –15.00 Oral presentations 1 1. Joanna Sierpowska, Katherine L. Bryant, Manon Römkens, Margot Mangnus, Nikki Janssen, Roy Kessels, Ardi Roelofs, Rogier Mars & Vitoria Piai - The functional neu- roanatomy of the left temporal lobe white matter –an interdisciplinary approach based on intraoperative and comparative studies 2. Jun Soo Noh, Sekwang Lee, Yoonhye Na, Minjae Cho, Yu Mi Hwang, Woo-Suk Tae & Sung-Bom Pyun - The Role of Arcuate Fasciculus on Severity of Language Impairments in Subcortical Stroke Patients 3. Ileana Camerino, Joanna Sierpowska, Nathalie Meyer, Anil Tuladhar, Roy Kessels, Frank-Erik de Leeuw & Vitória Piai - White-matter bottleneck in small vessel disease: A lesion-symptom mapping study of executive-language functions 4. Elissa Asp, Antoine Tremblay, Graham Flick & Aaron Newman - CForests in the trees: Using conditional inference random forests on MEG data to explore ‘what fires together’ in a picture naming task 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Lexeme and Flexeme in a Formal Theory of Grammar
    Chapter 8 Lexeme and flexeme in a formal theory of grammar Olivier Bonami Laboratoire de linguistique formelle, Université Paris Diderot Berthold Crysmann Laboratoire de linguistique formelle, CNRS This paper deals with the role played by the notion of a lexeme in a constraint-based lexicalist theory of grammar such as Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar. Adopting a Word and Paradigm view of inflection, we show how the distinction between lexemes, individuated by their lexical semantics, and flexemes, individuated by their inflectional paradigm, can fruitfully be integrated in such a framework. This allows us to present an integrated analysis of stem spaces, inflection classes, heteroclisis and overabundance. It is often observed by morphologists that contemporary work in theoretical mor- phology has little impact on formal theories of grammar, which on average are content with a view of morphology quite close to that of offered by the post-Bloomfieldian mor- phemic toolkit. A notable exception to this situation is the pervasive use in Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (henceforth HPSG) of the distinction between words and lexemes familiar from Word and Paradigm approaches to morphology (see among many others Robins 1959, Hockett 1967, Matthews 1972, Zwicky 1985, Anderson 1992, Aronoff 1994, Stump 2001, Blevins 2016). In this paper we reevaluate the role of the lexeme in HPSG in the light of 20 years of research, and in particular of recent attempts to inte- grate a truly realisational theory of inflection within the HPSG framework (Crysmann & Bonami 2016). We conclude that current theorizing conflates two distinct notions of an abstract lexical object: lexemes, which are characterised in terms of their syntax and semantics, and flexemes (Fradin & Kerleroux 2003), which are characterised in terms of their inflectional paradigm.
    [Show full text]
  • Title: Comparison of Czech and Russian Declension of Nouns and Adjectives with a Focus on Teaching Czech for Foreigners Author: Mgr
    Title: Comparison of Czech and Russian Declension of Nouns and Adjectives with a Focus on Teaching Czech for Foreigners Author: Mgr. Karel Kulich Department: Institute of Czech Language and Theory of Communication, Faculty of Arts, Charles University Supervisor: PhDr. Jiří Hasil, Ph.D. Abstract: The submitted thesis deals with Czech language as a foreign language in the field of Czech declension system of nouns and adjectives in comparison with the Russian system, and the issue of acquiring these language structures in the target group of Russian-language foreigners. This group of foreigners is a part of a large number of foreign students studying at Czech universities and other schools, so the topic of the paper is highly up-to-date. According to the findings of the linguists, the similarity of language structures may be the cause of the so-called interference errors. In a more general sense, it is the issue of homonymy, which is described, for example, by V. Skalička in connection with the development and termination of declension. In the linguistic comparison, the role of homonymity of desinential morphemes is related to their unequal functional load. The author claims to provide a thorough knowledge of Czech and Russian declension based on comparative study. The goals of the thesis include description of the problems connected with the adoption of the Czech declension at the mentioned target group and recommendation of the selected measures that can be used in the exposition of the curriculum in accordance with the given addressing focus. In the theoretical part of the thesis, the author compares the formal morphology of nouns and adjectives in both languages, with a reminder of the vital importance of functional morphology.
    [Show full text]
  • Czech Hospitality Tourism Papers
    CZECH HOSPITALITY and Volume XIII. TOURISM PAPERS Issue 28/2017 Czech Hospitality and Tourism Papers (hereinafter CHTP Journal), publishes mainly scientific and survey papers focusing on the development of theoretical and practical aspects of the hotel and spa industry, gastronomy and tourism. Papers are published in English language. The CHTP Journal serves primarily as a platform for the presentation of an author’s, or team of author’s, original research results in the above-mentioned fields. A “Consultation and discussion” section contains survey papers and also specialized survey papers from the pedagogical and expert activities of academics, as well as reports on research project results. Reviewers of this issue of Czech Hospitality and Tourism Papers: Ing. Ľudmila Elexová, PhD. – Matej Bel University Banská Bystrica Ing. Tomáš Kolařík – Ventana Hotel Prague Ing. Miroslav Opa, Ph.D. – City of Čelákovice Ing. Josef Pátek – City of Čelákovice PhDr. Eva Svobodová – Hotel School Poděbrady Ing. Denisa Vernerová – Pension Na Vošverku 1 CONTENT SCIENTIFIC PAPERS Karel Kulich, Lucie Bartošová – The Analysis of the Selected Terminology in Hospitality with Regard to the Communication Skills of the Foreign Students at Czech Universities.................................…………………………………………… 3 Carmen Adina Pastiu, Andreea Cipriana Muntean, Silvia Stefania Maincan – Accommodation Facilities Marketing – a Way to Develop Tourism in Alba County……..…………………………………..…………….…………………… 19 Zbyněk Vinš, Jiří Zelený, Dana Kolářová – The Preference of Professionals
    [Show full text]
  • Ukázka Knihy Z Internetového Knihkupectví Univerzita Karlova Nakladatelství Karolinum [email protected]
    Basic Czech II, moderní učebnice češtiny Basic Czech II, a modern textbook of Czech as na základě angličtiny, je koncipována a foreign language with English explanations, obdobně jako předcházející díl Basic continues the concept of Basic Czech I. Czech I. Postupně se zde dál rozvíjejí e elements of Czech grammar are gradually základy české gramatiky v těsném sepjetí explained in close connection with a systematic s plynulým a systematickým osvojováním acquisition of vocabulary and conversational slovní zásoby a konverzačních frází vážících phrases related to everyday situations. To se k tématům z běžného života. Učebnice facilitate the acquisition of the covered course je opatřena přehlednými tabulkami české material, the book contains clearly arranged deklinace, slovesných valencí i předložek grammar charts with Czech declension types, a klíčem ke cvičením. Je vhodná jak pro verbal phrases and prepositions as well as the práci v kurzech, tak pro samostudium. Na key to the exercises, which makes the book webových stránkách www.cupress.cuni. suitable for use both in the classroom and cz jsou ke stažení nahrávky dialogů (Basic self-study. e audio (Basic Czech I & Basic BASIC CZECH II Czech I & Basic Czech II) a další gramatické Czech II) and supplementary materials on both a konverzační materiály doplňující učebnici. grammar and conversation are available at Basic Czech II odpovídá úrovni A2–B1 www.cupress.cuni.cz. Společného evropského referenčního rámce Basic Czech II corresponds to the A2–B1 levels pro jazyky. of the Common European Framework for Languages. BASIC CZECH II MP3 INCLUSIVE DOWNLOAD-MATERIAL Ana Adamovičová, Darina Ivanovová, Milan Hrdlička Ana Adamovičová Darina Ivanovová Milan Hrdlička KAROLINUM U k á z k a k n i h y z i n t e r n e t o v é h o k n i h k u p e c t v í w w w .
    [Show full text]
  • Describing Old Czech Declension Patterns for Automatic Text Analysis
    ESTUDIOS 7 Describing Old Czech Declension Patterns for Automatic Text Analysis PAVLÍNA JÍNOVÁ, Charles University, Faculty of Arts (Czech Republic) [email protected] Boris Lehečka, Institute of the Czech Language, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (Czech Republic) [email protected] kareL oLiva, Institute of the Czech Language, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (Czech Republic) [email protected] Received: August 4, 2014. Accepted: November 17, 2014. ABSTRACT This paper focuses on describing declension patterns in Old Czech (West Slavonic language, stadium between approx. 1300 and 1500) which is one part of the base serving the automatic annotation of the Old-Czech Text Bank. We introduce our approach to automatic morphological analysis, its principles (historical justifiability, constant regard to system of the language and systematic account of phonological changes) and subparts (a dictionary, a description of patterns, a list of stem changes accompanying declension, rules for sound changes, and the list of exceptions). We also illustrate the process of searching for declension patterns of two feminine declensions in complicated mutual interaction – i-stems and ja-stems. We came to the conclusions that borrowed endings documented in available resources (forms like zem-ech (LOC.PL, combination of ja-stem noun zem-ě (a land) with i-stem ending -ech) are not exceptions; they belong to the system of language and the base for automatic analysis should treat them as such. Key words: Old Czech morphology, declension patterns, automatic text analysis, i-stems, ja-stems. 1. Introduction The aim of this paper is twofold: first, we briefly present a linguistically oriented approach to Old Czech (a West Slavonic language) morphology, which serves for the automatic analysis of Old Czech texts (approx.
    [Show full text]
  • Adaptation of Foreign Words Into Czech: the Case of Icelandic Proper Names
    _ Marie Novotná Adaptation of foreign words into Czech: the case of Icelandic proper names 1 Introduction Czech is a highly infl ectional language, and the adaptation of for- eign linguistic elements into Czech can pose interesting challenges to translators and to language management in general – a situation not unlike that of Icelandic. The language policy of a nation mirrors both its history and its contemporary social and political situation, and since the aim of this article is to describe the way in which foreign words are rendered in Czech, it is necessary to provide an historical overview of the Czech language with the focus on the transcription and declension of for- eign words in general (Chapter 2). In Chapter 3, the current state of rendering foreign words in Czech – i.e. both loanwords in general and proper names in particular – is described, as well as how this has developed. In Chapter 4, an att empt is made at reviewing the situation as con- cerns words from the foreign language in focus here, i.e. from Icelan- dic. I also provide a short review of translation practices from Old Norse into Czech, while a much more detailed account of that topic is to be found in a recent article, Novotná & Starý (2014). Diff erent characteristics of the original and the target language cause specifi c problems in translations. When using Icelandic and Old Norse words in Czech, the following questions arise concerning Orð og tunga 18 (2016), 111–129. © Stofnun Árna Magnússonar í íslenskum fræðum, Reykjavík. ttunga_18.indbunga_18.indb 111111
    [Show full text]