Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses Spring 7-3-2013 No Place for Middlemen: Civic Culture, Downtown Environment, and the Carroll Public Market during the Modernization of Portland, Oregon James Richard Louderman Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the United States History Commons, and the Urban Studies and Planning Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Louderman, James Richard, "No Place for Middlemen: Civic Culture, Downtown Environment, and the Carroll Public Market during the Modernization of Portland, Oregon" (2013). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 1050. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.1050 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible:
[email protected]. No Place for Middlemen: Civic Culture, Downtown Environment, and the Carroll Public Market during the Modernization of Portland, Oregon by James Richard Louderman A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History Thesis Committee: William Lang, Chair David Horowitz Jennifer Tappan Barbara Brower Portland State University 2013 © 2013 James Richard Louderman Abstract Following the Civil War, the American government greatly expanded the opportunities available for private businessmen and investors in an effort to rapidly colonize the West. This expansion of private commerce led to the second industrial revolution in which railroads and the corporation became the symbols and tools of a rapidly modernizing nation.