Journals included in initial selection:

1 Accountability in Research Policies 2 Acta Bioethica 3 AJOB Neuroscience 4 AJOB Primary Research 5 American Journal of Bioethics 6 American Journal of Law & Medicine 7 Asian Bioethics Review 8 Bioethica Forum 9 Bioethics 10 Bioethics Outlook 11 Bioètica & Debat 12 BMC Medical Ethics 13 Cahiers du Comité Consultatif National d'Éthique 14 Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 15 Christian Bioethics 16 Clinical Ethics 17 Cuadernos de Bioética 18 Developing World Bioethics 19 Environmental Values 20 Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 21 Ethics & Medicine: A Christian Perspective on Issues in Bioethics 22 Ethics and Behavior 23 Ethics and Medicine: An International Journal of Bioethics 24 Ethics in Science and Medicine 25 Ethik in der Medizin 26 Eubios Journal of Asian and International Bioethics 27 European Journal of Health Law 28 Genewatch 29 Genomics, Society & Policy 30 Hastings Center Report 31 Health Care Analysis 32 Health Care Ethics, USA 33 HEC Forum 34 Human Life Review 35 Human Reproduction and Genetic Ethics 36 Indian Journal of Medical Ethics 37 International Journal of Applied Philosophy 38 International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics 39 Internet Journal of Law, Healthcare and Ethics 40 IRB: Ethics and Human Research 41 Issues in Law and Medicine 42 Jahrbuch für Wissenschaft und Ethik 43 Jewish Medical Ethics 44 JONA's Healthcare Law, Ethics, and Regulation 45 Journal International de Bioéthique 46 Journal of Applied Philosophy 47 Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 48 Journal of Clinical Ethics 49 Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics 50 Journal of Ethics in Mental Health 51 Journal of Global Ethics 52 Journal of Health Care Law & Policy 53 Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 54 Journal of Law and the Biosciences 55 Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 56 Journal of Legal Medicine 57 Journal of Medical Ethics 58 Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine 59 Journal of Medical Humanities 60 Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 61 Journal of Religious Ethics 62 Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 63 Lahey Clinic Medical Ethics Journal 64 Linacre Quarterly 65 Medical Ethics & Bioethics Journal 66 Medical Humanities 67 Medical Humanities Review 68 Medical Law Review 69 Medicina e Morale 70 Medicina y Ética 71 Medicine and Law 72 Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 73 Metamedicine 74 Monash Bioethics Review 75 NanoEthics 76 Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics 77 National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 78 Neuroethics 79 New Bioethics: A Multidisciplinary Journal Of Biotechnology and the Body 80 New Zealand Bioethics Journal 81 NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin 82 Nursing Ethics 83 Nursing Philosophy 84 Online Journal of Health Ethics 85 Penn Bioethics Journal 86 Perspectivas Bioéticas 87 Philosophy, Ethics & Humanities in Medicine 88 Princeton Journal of Bioethics 89 Public Health Ethics 90 Revista de Bioética y Derecho 91 Revista de Derecho y Genoma Humano 92 Science and Engineering Ethics 93 South African Journal of Bioethics and Law 94 The Journal of Hospital Ethics 95 The Journal of Value Inquiry 96 The Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics and Public Policy 97 Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 98 Virtual Mentor 99 Yale Journal of Health Policy, Law, and Ethics 100 Zeitschrift für medizinische Ethik

See more details of the journal list here: https://bioethics.georgetown.edu/2015/04/top-100- bioethics-journals-in-the-world/

Sample selection process: 1. Extraction of 25-30 articles that have more citations than others in one year; Two authors working separately and independently over the whole sample set to:  Check if this article is a peer-reviewed article with reference to the first inclusion/exclusion criterion.  Locate this article in Pubmed (or other database) and examine its title and abstract to see if it fits the second inclusion/exclusion criterion.  If the title and abstract have not shown clear indication, we read the full text and references. 2. Two authors exchanged and compared results; they discussed until reaching an agreement of the final inclusion/exclusion.

Inclusion criteria: 1. Peer-reviewed journal articles, including reviews and research articles from the journal list. 2. The title and abstract indicate an ethical inquiry of questions related to life sciences (medicine, health care, biology, environment, etc.) If uncertain, move on to read full text. It could be a meta- ethics, normative or descriptive approach, using philosophical arguments and/or moral theories or reviewing literature or using empirical methods to investigate concepts, phenomenon, or questions.

Exclusion criteria: 1. Book reviews, reprinted manuscript, ethical guidelines or was previously published in another journal. We suspect that our software cannot reach 100% accuracy and sometimes retrieves book chapters/books which were excluded as well. 2. We excluded articles if they fit one or more of the following description: 2.1 The topic of the paper focuses entirely on general moral/philosophical/religious issues that have nothing to do with medicine or health care. 2.2 It is primarily grounded in another field of inquiry, such as general scientific misconduct (not on medicine), politics or economy. 2.3 It is impossible to be categorized to any existing subfields and it is unlikely to establish a new subfield for it in bioethics.

Overall, we feel that this secondary screening led to a better sample than would have resulted had we not exercised our judgement after having examined 800 articles. Except for the criteria above, we have further employed the technique of triangulation between two authors (after independent screening, we compared notes and discussed until reaching a consensus) and tried our best to be consistent with our judgmental call with all articles in the original sample.

Excluded articles and reasons of exclusion from the initial sample Reasons of exclusion: inaccurate sample due to limitations of Publish or Perish title search (wrong journals, book chapters, book, etc.) N Authors Title Year Source 1 HT Engelhardt Human well-being and medicine: Some 1976 Science, ethics and Jr basic value-judgments in the biomedical medicine: Hastings sciences Center 2 JC Harsanyi Cardinal utility in welfare economics and 1976 … on Ethics, Social in the theory of risk-taking Behavior, and Scientific Explanation 3 JM Najman, S Evaluating the impact of medical care and 1981 Social Science & Levine technologies on the quality of life: a Medicine. Part F: review and critique Medical and … 4 H Babich, E Applications of the neutral red 1990 Alternatives to Borenfreund cytotoxicity assay to in vitro toxicology laboratory animals: ATLA 5 R Schade, C Polyclonal IgY antibodies from chicken 1991 … laboratory Pfister, R egg yolk--an alternative to the production animals: ATLA Halatsch… of mammalian IgG type antibodies in rabbits 6 JAC Sterne, M Investigating and dealing with publication 2001 … Health Care: Egger, GD and other biases Meta-Analysis … Smith 7 M Egger, GD Systematic reviews of observational 2001 … Health Care: Smith, M studies Meta-Analysis … Schneider 8 P J ü ni, DG Assessing the quality of randomised 2001 … in Health Care: Altman, M controlled trials Meta-Analysis in … Egger 9 M Egger, GD Principles of and procedures for 2001 … Reviews in Smith systematic reviews Health Care: Meta- Analysis in … 1 G Koocher, P Ethics in psychology 1998 … work: a 0 Keith-Spiegel practitioner's guide to mental health ethics. … 1 M Egger, GD Rationale, potentials, and promise of 2001 … health care: 1 Smith, K systematic reviews Meta-analysis … O'Rourke 1 M Egger, K Problems and limitations in conducting 2001 … Health Care: 2 Dickersin, GD systematic reviews Meta-Analysis … Smith 1 L Pizzi, NI Crew resource management and its 2001 … care safer: A 3 Goldfarb, DB applications in medicine critical analysis Nash of … 1 C Lefebvre, Identifying randomised trials 2001 … Reviews in 4 MJ Clarke Health Care: Meta- Analysis … 1 JM Rothschild Ultrasound guidance of central vein 2001 Making health care 5 catheterization safer: a critical analysis of … 1 V Held Feminism and moral theory 2007 Bioethics 6 1 JJ Deeks, DG Effect Measures for Meta ‒ Analysis of 2008 … Reviews in 7 Altman Trials with Binary Outcomes Health Care: Meta- Analysis … Reasons of exclusion: mainly focus on philosophical/moral/religious issues. 1 RB Edwards Do pleasures and pains differ 1975 The Journal of Value qualitatively? Inquiry 2 ED Klemke Wittgenstein's lecture on ethics 1975 The Journal of Value Inquiry 3 WK Frankena Conversations with Carney and Hauerwas 1975 The Journal of Religious Ethics 4 RA Sharpe Seven reasons why amusement is an 1975 The Journal of Value emotion Inquiry 5 FS Carney On Frankena and religious ethics 1975 The Journal of Religious Ethics 6 S Hauerwas Obligation and virtue once more 1975 The Journal of Religious Ethics 7 J Beatty Thinking and moral considerations: 1976 The Journal of Value Socrates and Arendt's Eichmann Inquiry 8 GH Stassen A social theory model for religious social 1977 The Journal of ethics Religious Ethics 9 LL Thomas Morality and our self-concept 1978 The Journal of Value Inquiry 1 J Stout Metaethics and the death of meaning: 1978 The Journal of 0 Adams' tantalizing closing Religious Ethics 1 E Sankowski Love and moral obligation 1978 The Journal of Value 1 Inquiry 1 FS Carney On McCormick and Teleological Morality 1978 The Journal of 2 Religious Ethics 1 RM Adams Divine command metaethics modified 1979 The Journal of 3 again Religious Ethics 1 C Wellman On terrorism itself 1979 The Journal of Value 4 Inquiry 1 DE Saliers Liturgy and Ethics: Some New Beginnings 1979 The Journal of 5 Religious Ethics 1 RM Hare On terrorism 1979 The Journal of Value 6 Inquiry 1 JR Macy Dependent co-arising: The distinctiveness 1979 The Journal of 7 of Buddhist ethics Religious Ethics 1 P Ramsey Liturgy and Ethics 1979 The Journal of 8 Religious Ethics 1 EH Haney What is feminist ethics? A proposal for 1980 The Journal of 9 continuing discussion Religious Ethics 2 LS Cahill Toward a Christian theory of human rights 1980 The Journal of 0 Religious Ethics 2 E Wallwork Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself: 1982 The Journal of 1 the Freudian critique Religious Ethics 2 JH Yoder The Hermeneutics of Peoplehood: A 1982 The Journal of 2 Protestant Perspective on Practical Moral Religious Ethics Reasoning 2 RM Green Abraham, Isaac, and the Jewish tradition: 1982 The Journal of 3 an ethical reappraisal Religious Ethics 2 AK Reinhart Islamic law as Islamic ethics 1983 The Journal of 4 Religious Ethics 2 F Rahman Some key ethical concepts of the Qur'ān 1983 The Journal of 5 Religious Ethics 2 J Langan The elements of St. Augustine's just war 1984 The Journal of 6 theory Religious Ethics 2 JLE GRAND Equity as an economic objective 1984 Journal of Applied 7 Philosophy 2 RB Hays Relations natural and unnatural: A 1986 The Journal of 8 response to John Boswell's exegesis of Religious Ethics Romans 1 2 J Waldron John Rawls and the social minimum 1986 Journal of Applied 9 Philosophy 3 CAJ Coady The idea of violence 1986 Journal of Applied 0 Philosophy 3 P Lauritzen Forgiveness: moral prerogative or 1987 The Journal of 1 religious duty? Religious Ethics 3 LE Newman The quality of mercy: On the duty to 1987 The Journal of 2 forgive in the Judaic tradition Religious Ethics 3 I Primoratz What is terrorism? 1990 Journal of Applied 3 Philosophy 3 D Miller In defence of nationality 1993 Journal of Applied 4 Philosophy 3 JJ Freyd Betrayal trauma: Traumatic amnesia as an 1994 Ethics & Behavior 5 adaptive response to childhood abuse 3 W Kymlicka Introduction: an emerging consensus? 1998 Ethical Theory & 6 Moral Practice 3 G Crowder John Gray's pluralist critique of liberalism 1998 Journal of Applied 7 Philosophy 3 L Pellizzoni Uncertainty and participatory democracy 2003 Environmental 8 Values 3 R Rorty Religion in the public square: A 2003 Journal of Religious 9 reconsideration Ethics Reasons of exclusion: mainly focus on issues about primarily grounded in another field of inquiry, such as general scientific misconduct (not on medicine), politics or economy. 1 W The shame of science. 1978 Ethics in science & Stephenson medicine 2 J Ladd Philosophical Remarks on Professional 1982 International Responsibility in Organization Journal of Applied Philosophy 3 G Majone Professionalism and nonprofit 1984 Journal of health organizations politics, policy and law 4 MJ Flower Neuromaturation of the human fetus 1985 Journal of medicine and philosophy 5 W Maner Unique ethical problems in information 1996 Science and technology Engineering Ethics 6 S Krimsky, LS Financial interests of authors in scientific 1996 Science and Rothenberg, journals: a pilot study of 14 publications engineering … P Stott, G Kyle 7 DM West, D Harry and Louise go to Washington: 1996 Journal of Health Heith, C Political advertising and health care Politics, Policy … Goodwin reform 8 H Accountability in a computerized society 1996 Science and Nissenbaum engineering ethics 9 JS Armstrong Peer review for journals: Evidence on 1997 Science and quality control, fairness, and innovation engineering ethics 1 P Keith- Why professors ignore cheating: Opinions 1998 … & Behavior 0 Spiegel, BG of a national sample of psychology Tabachnick, instructors BE Whitley Jr… 1 KL Relation of general deviance to academic 2000 Ethics & Behavior 1 Blankenship, dishonesty BE Whitley 1 AE Jordan College student cheating: The role of 2001 Ethics & Behavior 2 motivation, perceived norms, attitudes, and knowledge of institutional policy 1 M Roig Plagiarism and paraphrasing criteria of 2001 Ethics & Behavior 3 college and university professors 1 CH Tuohy Agency, contract, and governance: 2003 Journal of health 4 shifting shapes of accountability in the politics, policy and health care arena law 1 DD Carpenter, Does academic dishonesty relate to 2004 Science and 5 TS Harding, CJ unethical behavior in professional engineering … Finelli… practice? An exploratory study 1 N Hayes, LD Cultural values, plagiarism, and fairness: 2005 Ethics & Behavior 6 Introna When plagiarism gets in the way of learning 1 JS Savage, JO Parental influence on eating behavior: 2007 The Journal of Law, 7 Fisher, LL conception to adolescence Medicine … Birch 1 MS Anderson, The perverse effects of competition on 2007 … and engineering 8 EA Ronning, R scientists' work and relationships ethics De Vries… 1 E Fisher Ethnographic invention: Probing the 2007 NanoEthics 9 capacity of laboratory decisions 2 PK Yu Access to medicines, BRICS alliances, and 2008 American journal of 0 collective action law and medicine 2 M Bouville Plagiarism: Words and ideas 2008 Science and 1 Engineering Ethics 2 S Jasanoff Constitutional moments in governing 2011 Science and 2 science and technology engineering ethics 2 JM Basart, M Engineering ethics beyond engineers' 2013 Science and 3 Serra ethics engineering ethics Reasons of exclusion: book reviews, ethical guidelines and same-title articles published in more than one journals 1 MAGA World World Medical Association Declaration of 2004 Journal Helsinki: ethical principles for medical international de bio research involving human subjects. é thique= International … 2 B Freedman Review 1985 Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 3 NS Jecker Final exit: The practicalities of self- 1992 Journal of health deliverance and assisted suicide for the politics, policy and dying law 4 JS Hacker Market-driven health care: who wins, 1997 Journal of Health who loses in the transformation of Politics, Policy and America's largest service industry Law 5 P Pierson, Dismantling the welfare state? Reagan, 1998 Journal of Health KGH Okma Thatcher, and the politics of Politics Policy retrenchment and … 6 GL Engel The clinical application of the 1981 Journal of Medicine biopsychosocial model and Philosophy