Historicentres_Net Networking for Sustainability of Historical Centres
URBACT II Thematic Network
Baseline Study
Giorgio Risicaris Lead Expert [email protected]
May 2010
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INDEX
1. Preface
2. Objective and method of the Historicentres_Net Baseline Study
3. State of the Art at European level 3.1 Key reference background for sustainability of historical centres 3.2 Relevant EU projects and historical cities practices
4. Analysis of the state of play in the participating cities 4.1 Description of the Historicentres_Net historic urban landscapes 4.2 Problems and challenges in each city partner 4.3 Experiences and useful local practices in partner cities 4.4 Local Action Plan perspectives of partners
5. Synthesis
Annexes Annex 1 “Description of Thematic Areas” Annex 2 “Coherent steps of an action plan for sustainable future in historical centres” Annex 3 “Operational framework for exchange and learning, building the Local Action Plans” Annex 4 “Sustainability in 10 steps for Historical Urban Landscapes” Annex 5 “Time schedule of milestones”
The Questionnaires used for the BLS
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1. Preface
Large parts of European cities include life quality for residents, higher important heritage values, defined by the management and maintenance costs for Venice Charter firstly as “historical local governments, higher risk and centres”, and actually better defined as consumption of the heritage. “Historic Urban Landscapes”, usually placed in the very inner urban areas, but Both conditions of insufficient and of not only, and these are real living excessive use should be fighted by monuments, where numerous people live, appropriate sustainable planning based work, study, where important on lessons learnt. administrative, economic and social activities and services are located and The reasons of the delay to include in a where exist the physical and cultural sustainable perspective also the historical references of the sense of belonging of inner urban areas of European cities, each city. should be investigated into the specificity of individual cases, but some overall and Urban sustainability is a well integrated common constraints can be stressed: issue in EU urban policies and the related practice is strongly developed, extended • The heritage values of the and performed. historical centres are subjected to But an important link is missing for such protection rules - making quite policies and practices: promote and challenging the application of develop their adaptation and application existing techniques and in the historical parts of our cities, technologies. producing focused approaches that tackle the specific characters, peculiarities, • Social and economic structures of constraints and challenges for historic neighbourhoods are under sustainability of the historical urban severe pressure as a consequence landscape. of their rapid evolution and change - needing dedicated approach Many EU historical cities face problems methods of strategic visions and related to inner-city decay, resulting by a integrated plans. development that made economic activities and many original inhabitants • Land values arise usually over the moving to outer-lying areas and the city averages - making public historical heart of the city gradually policies less efficient and incisive. loosing traditional role. This trend has led to urban sprawl, also caused by weak • High costs for restoration and urban-planning tools and to deterioration maintenance of historic buildings of the built heritage. often produce abandon and deterioration – dramatically Other EU historical cities face opposite contributing to segregation, problems related to inner city excessive marginalization and social alterations. use, mainly by a non sustainable tourist • A generalized trend for a exploitation. This trend has led to lower monopolistic tourist exploitation Historicentres_Net Baseline Study May 2010 PAG. 3
constitute a risky simplification, This Baseline Study is intended to less integrated approach and contribute in building and programming lowering of a sustainable the Historicentres_Net Thematic Network perspective. implementation, by assessing the state of play condition in Europe and in partner • Decision makers and planners do cities, and supporting the aim to go a step not have appropriate tools to ahead (net)working, exchanging and increase quality of life and learning for developing planning environmental sustainability inside innovative methods, practices and tools, the historical centre. action oriented, aiming to exemplify, obtain and guarantee highly sustainable • Historical centres still keep loosing standards tailored for historical urban important urban features and landscapes management, public policies activities, transferred in new urban coordination and investments. areas. Such project perspective is actually • Old public transport policies and turning into a much more challenging means are applied in historical task, facing the need for answers centres. corresponding to a rapid radicalization of the framework conditions: climate Such common challenging conditions can change, demographic risks, financial and turn into the vertebral of a collaborative economic crises. effort between historical cities, to exchange what we already know, to The partnership composed for the define what we should/can improve and Historicentres_Net Thematic Network, to deepen how we can concretely do it. include ten medium and little sized historical cities that face similar problems Several papers, charters and and challenges for a sustainable recommendations at EU level, repetitively perspective of the historical centres, pointed out and strongly suggested the complementing each other and principle to conjugate development with corresponding to a large range of similar preservation for the historical urban areas conditions in European cities: sustainability. But this is strongly depending from the availability of specific, matured on the ground knowledge Tirgu Mures (RO) (technologies and planning), best Plovdiv (BG) practices and solutions, that can be taken Gotland-Visby (SE) at the basis of an exchange-learn- Kedainiai (LT) improve collaborative platform, essential Utrecht (NL) for an expected efficient policy, defining Schwaebisch Gmuend (DE) not only what should be done but how Pézenas (FR) can be done on the field of action, the Corfu (GR) historical centres. Faenza (IT) Melissa (IT)
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VISBY
KEDAINIAI SCHWAEBIS CH UTRECHT GM UEND
TIRGU MURES
PEZENAS PLOVDIV
FAENZA
CORFU
MELISSA
Historicentres_Net partner cities.
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2. Objective and method of the Historicentres_Net Baseline Study
This Baseline Study is aiming to be both, the - Involvement of the correct key stakeholders starting step as well as an insight in the - Integration of key stakeholders interests following steps of the project, putting together a knowledge based clear starting position, anticipating an efficient activity and integrated disseminated, compared and shared by approach of Local Action Plan, first targeting project partners and a well corresponding and reasons to then resolve the problems. focused local framework perspective for 3. Assessments and contribution to elaborate action at project level and in each site. a well focused, feasible and effective work The Baseline Study is looking forward to program. contribute to investigate the needs and the interests that partner cities are looking forward to place at the basement of an The tools used for the Baseline Study exchanging experiences process, in order to performances are: better focus a common objective, integrated 1. Questionnaires, used to prepare the City in concrete and efficient Work Program and visits, obtaining information: collegial deliverables. - A limited quantity of significant data about The Baseline Study is also conceived to the historical centres and their governance clarify the level and the extend of the already existing knowledge and experience in Europe - An overview of local existing knowledge, and by the partners, on the project’s issue experiences and skills and transmit it to project partners prior - Self evaluation of local practices, constraints definition of the objectives and project outputs and needs and deliverables. - A key stakeholders analysis
- Local Support Groups building procedure The objectives of the Baseline Study have been aimed through the following - Local Action Plan perspectives. performances: The questionnaires have been completed by 1. A recognition of the state of the art and partners and then discussed separately with play conditions in each city: the lead expert and lead partner, before the City visits. - Constraints and challenges 2. City visits, to take direct contact with the - Available local experiences combined to city and the Local Action Plan areas: challenges - Talk with the Local Support Group and key - Potential for local integration of the project stakeholders exploring the level and the capacity for - Obtain physical contact with the places and exchanges (who owns knowledge, who the city life environment needs knowledge, witch kind of knowledge), recognizing the unifying elements (common - Improve the knowledge level beyond the challenges, difficulties), the diversities and questionnaire also trying to discover the existence of - Debate and assess local experiences, solution potentialities. needs, challenges and expectations. 2. A warm-up of the Local Support Group in Visits have been organized in collaboration partner cities: with local project referents tailored around a - Composition, objectives strict common platform including Local
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Support Group meeting, decision makers • Assess the issues for exchanging briefing and targeted guided visits. activities 3. Workshops, with participation of all project • Agree the work program, aimed partners, to: outputs and expected deliverables. • Share a common knowledge base Two workshops took place, one before the questionnaire performances (Faenza 22-23 • Strengthen the networking procedures February 2010) and one after the city visits • Decide the project objectives performances (Pézenas 15-16 April 2010).
Historicentres_Net partners first meeting, Development phase. Faenza 22-23 February 2010)
Historicentres_Net partners second meeting, Development phase. Pézenas 15-16 April 2010
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3. State of the Art at European level.
the 1990 “Green Paper on the Urban Environment” (COM(90) 218) 3.1 Key EU reference http://ec.europa.eu/environment/urban/pdf/com90218final_en. pdf background for sustainability of that in chapter 5.3 (page 46) included specific historical centres reference to “the protection and enhancement of the historical heritage of European cities” Even if the first EU proposals on spatial and in chapter 5.7 (page 49) specific development issues date from the sixties, reference to “urban energy management “, with the European Parliament's “European dedicating attention (paragraph c page 49) to Regional Planning Scheme”, it took a long “existing buildings”. time to arrive to dispose of a critical mass of activities and intensity of experiences, that Such direct references to historical centers can now support and empower a project on issues, risk to remain up today isolated, urban sustainability for historical centers. especially concerning the sustainable urban development and integrated planning, Already 20 years ago, the 1990 EC pertinent for historical centers as well, despite communication to the Council and the the evident need of guidelines for cities, European Parliament: “Europe 2000 Outlook excepting the following three documents: for the development of the community's The “Europe 2000” (COM(90)544) and territory"(COM(90)544 “Europe 2000+” (COM(94)354) studies, that http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:19 introduced the 1999 “European Spatial 90:0544:FIN:EN:PDF Development Perspective” towards a included some fundamental statements that balanced and sustainable development of the directly link to the Historicentres.Net project Union territory” (ESPD), issue: the “inner city problems” are http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docoffic/official/rep highlighted as the “existing urban areas orts/som_en.htm needing urban renewal” targeting decay the result of an intensive discussion process, conditions or risks. Furthermore is stated that that is directly tackling the “Wise “cities are seeking to establish their role and management of the…cultural heritage” identity” and promote the “development of commenting, in chapter 3.4.1. (p. 30), the urban renewal actions” directly referring to “Cultural Heritage as Development Asset”(1)
(1)“The … cultural heritage of the EU is permanently threatened in a diverse number of ways. Even though strict protection measures are sometimes justified, it is often more sensible to integrate protection and management of the endangered areas into spatial development strategies for larger areas. The cultural heritage of Europe – from the cultural landscapes of rural areas to the historic town centres – is the expression of its identity and is of world-wide importance. It is also part of the everyday environment of numerous people and enriches their quality of life”. ESDP goes further and in chapter 3.4.5. (page 34), commenting the need for a “Creative Management of the Cultural Heritage”, states: “Many European towns and cities have a large number of extremely valuable cultural areas which are often suffering slow but constant deterioration. Despite considerable investment in maintenance and restoration of these areas, it has not been possible to halt this trend. Protection programmes must be initiated to avoid irreparable damage. The signatory states of the Grenada Convention of 1985 have committed themselves to an approach that ensures the protection and maintenance of the architectural heritage, but which at the same time must take into consideration the requirements of a modern society. Cultural heritage is particularly sensitive to environmental pollution and to risk factors generated by both natural and human factors. Knowledge about different risk factors is still insufficient and requires the development of sophisticated methodologies based on a comprehensive concept of risk evaluation. Europe’s cultural heritage not only consists of individual historic buildings and archaeology sites. The different lifestyles of inhabitants of European towns and cities have to be viewed in their entirety, as a part of the cultural heritage. Many European cities are subject to the dangers of commercialisation and cultural uniformity, which destroys their own individuality and identity. This includes, for example, real estate speculation, infrastructure projects which are out of scale with their environment or ill-considered adaptations to mass tourism. These factors frequently combine to cause serious damage to the structure and the social life of towns and cities and to reduce their potential as attractive locations for mobile investments. Spatial development strategies can help to counter these dangers”. The ESDP also defines relevant “Policy options” for historical centers, highlighted for the Historicentres.Net project: • Development of integrated strategies for the protection of cultural heritage which is endangered or decaying, including the development of instruments for assessing risk factors and for managing critical situations. • Maintenance and creative redesign of urban ensembles worthy of protection. • Promotion of contemporary buildings with high architectural quality. • Increasing awareness of the contribution of urban and spatial development policy to the cultural heritage of future generations.
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Such fundamental questions remain as a Leipzig/2007 and in Marseille in November framework of reference for the 2008. Historicentres_Net project that aims to explore for answers, considering the The ‘Leipzig Charter on Sustainable sustainability key factor. European Cities’ recommended:
All above references gave the opportunity to • To make greater use of integrated develop last decades several networks and urban development policy approaches projects under different EU Programs and (by creating and ensuring high-quality Initiatives (e.g. Regional Policy, Research public spaces, modernising and Development, Environment, Culture), infrastructure networks and improving and can now permit to Historicentres.Net energy efficiency, proactive innovation project to build further on such experiences and educational policies); aiming to go deeper and produce new • To pay special attention to deprived knowledge and tools contributing to define a neighbourhoods within the context of policy for a sustainability perspective of the city as a whole (by pursuing European historic urban areas. strategies to upgrade the physical environment, strengthen the local As a matter of fact, such a long period of economy and local labour market urban activities, substantially springing out policy, instigate proactive education from art. 10 of the ERDF, in absence of direct and training policies, and promote EU responsibility in urban policies, never efficient and affordable urban corresponded to a specific European policy transport). paper dedicated to the sustainability issues http://www.eu2007.de/en/News/download_docs/Mai/0524- concerning historical centers. AN/075DokumentLeipzigCharta.pdf
The European Council revised the EU On the other hand, the urban affaire, Sustainable Development Strategy (SDS) in including the integrated method and the sustainable approach became main pillars of June 2006. Themes that are crucial to towns and cities are also key priorities under the the literature and the programming for project SDS: climate change and clean energy, activities that followed(1) sustainable transport, sustainable
consumption and production, conservation Several EU presidencies have furthermore and management of natural resources, public strengthened the urban issues, particularly at health, social inclusion, demography and the Informal Ministerial Meetings on Urban Development in Lille/2000, in migration as well as global poverty. Rotterdam/2004, in Bristol/2005, in
(1) Communication from the Commission (1999) “Sustainable Urban Development in the European Union: a framework for action” http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docoffic/official/communic/caud/caud_en.htm The European Union Strategy for Sustainable Development http://ec.europa.eu/environment/eussd/ Towards a thematic strategy on the urban environment(2004) http://ec.europa.eu/environment/urban/thematic_strategy.htm Environmental Impact Assessment http://www.environmentalassessment.eu/ The “Aalborg Charter” – Denmark 1994 and the “Commitments” 2004 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/urban/pdf/aalborg_charter.pdf The Bristol Accord 2005 http://www.eukn.org/eukn/themes/Urban_Policy/bristol-accord-minsterial-informal_1400.html The “Urban Acquis” – Rotterdam 2008 http://www.eukn.org/binaries/eukn/meetings/2008/9/rotterdam-conference-final-conclusions.pdf The “Thematic Strategy on urban environment” 2007 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2004_2009/documents/dv/territorialagenda-leipzig_charter_/TerritorialAgenda-Leipzig_Charter_en.pdf The V European Congress of sustainable cities in Seville 2007, giving evidence to the fact that the concept of urban sustainability and sustainability governance of cities has nowadays became a basic element for all European sustainability policies. http://webcast.ec.europa.eu/eutv/portal/archive.html?viewConference=2466 The ‘Green Paper on Territorial Cohesion – Turning territorial diversity into strength’ in October 2008 http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/08/1460&guiLanguage=en .
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Actually, in the Communication “Europe 2020 Strategy for smart, sustainable and After the integration of urban issues in the inclusive growth” (03.03.2010 ERDF mainstream 2007-2013, for the first COM(2010)2020), the EC sketches out future time in the history of Cohesion Policy, all challenges in the fields of globalisation, cities are potential beneficiaries of ERDF demographic change, climate change and funding and also their historical centres and a energy, Historicentres_Net project is recent (April 2009) publication of the EC, particularly sensitive to the challenge: Directorate-General for Regional Policy “…It is thus important that cities develop a “Promoting sustainable urban comprehensive and integrated set of policies development in Europe ACHIEVEMENTS to ….. encourage people to stay or come AND OPPORTUNITIES”, states: back to the city centre to live, work and invest ….“Improving energy efficiency, including the (e.g. through long-term land-use planning, efficient use of natural resources, economic brown field regeneration and revitalisation of efficiency and the energy efficiency in new the city-centre)”. and existing buildings”. http://ec.europa.eu/eu2020/index_en.htm http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/presenta /urban2009/urban2009_en.pdf The Commission is proposing five measurable EU targets for 2020 that will Two more milestone publications of the EC: steer the process and be translated into Fostering the urban dimension : Analysis national targets: for employment; for research of the Operational Programmes co-financed and innovation; for climate change and by the European Regional Development Fund energy; for education; and for combating (2007-2013) - (November 2008) poverty. The new strategy will focus on the http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docoffic/2007/worki ng/urban_dimension_en.pdf key areas where action is needed: knowledge and and innovation, a more sustainable economy, The urban dimension in Community high employment and social inclusion. policies for the period 2007-2013 - (February 2010) The Commission is putting forward seven http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/guides/u flagship initiatives. Between them: rban/index_en.htm "Resource efficient Europe" to help decouple
economic growth from the use of resources, A further contribution comes from the EC support the shift towards a low carbon Culture program and the “European economy, increase the use of renewable Capitals of Culture” initiative, putting the energy sources, modernise our transport accent through cultural events and sector and promote energy efficiency”. investments, on urban heritage and city centres. Following the EC Communication, the European Council (25-26 March 2010) is also The ESPON 1.3.3 analysis project for committed to take a decision to move up to a “Cultural Heritage”, evidenced that a 30% the CO2 reduction by 2020, compared European Observatory for Cultural to 1990 levels, as its conditional offer with a Landscapes, Cultural Heritage and Cultural view to a global and comprehensive Policies is urgently needed, to be aimed with agreement for the period beyond 2012 http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressd EU, UNESCO, Council of Europe, ICOMOS, ata/en/ec/113591.pdf ICROM (see page 250 of the project report).
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3.2 Relevant EU projects and A project participated by the municipalities of Sevilla, Genova and Athens, involving local historical cities practices Orders of Architects, and seventy European architects practicing in historical centres. Seven workshops assessing and debating Experiences EU background on the project the challenges that contemporary architecture issue is numerous and various. Here is noted can constitute for historical centres. a selection of experiences that better match the projects’ approach and correspond to a Results: A Cdrom with cases of successful variety of options, worthy to be considered integration of contemporary architecture in planning the exchange and learning historical centres, that contributed enhancing performances and elaborating the project social economic features of the cities. objectives by the partners. “RESTAUROnet Safeguard and development of historical centres”, two “Rebuild. Renewable energies for consecutive projects InterregIIC and historical buildings, ”RECITE Regions and InterregIIIB, 1998-2006. Cities for Europe”, 1992-94. http://www.interreg- medocc.com/index1.php?ubi=progettodettaglio&lingua=fr&pr_i A project that involved seven European cities d=32 (Corfu, Perugia, Prato, Amsterdam, Coimbra, Jaen, Rhodes), developing pilot projects for Project involving twenty five local authorities historical buildings elaborating techniques for of historical cities, exchanging experiences integration of renewable energies in building on best practices for integrated regeneration renewal. of historical buildings and neighbourhoods. Results: A set of inedited projects that can be transferred, adapted or improved. Results: Seven thematic publications of pilot projects realized by the partners and networking experiences, also including the “Rebuild - Leopoldine”, a THERMIE A proceedings of two Forums, on the local demonstrative project, 2000-2003. experiences and policies.
With the participation of the municipality of “Hist.Urban Integrated revitalisation of Florence, the Energy Research Group of the historical towns to promote a University of Dublin and the Renewable sustainable urban development” an energies unit of the National Technical Interreg IIIB CADSES project, 2006-2008. University of Athens. http://www.histurban.net/home.html Demonstration of a restoration project for the monumental complex of the Leopoldine Project involving 19 partners with the monastery in Florence, with integration of objective to define best practices for the technological settings for Renewable recovery of historic centres. The City of Energies integration (solar and geothermic) Faenza participated as partner. without aesthetic impact and obtaining 30% of energy needs. Results: “European Declaration for integrated revitalisation of historic towns” during the Results: A demonstrative realization that can Final Hist.Urban Conference in Verona, be visited, examined and assessed and a 21.04.2008. technology that can be transferred and http://www.histurban.net/images/stories/downloads_public/Out adapted. puts/hist%20urban%20declaration%20- %20signature%20version.pdf
“Contempo. Contemporary architecture “Historical River Centres HRC”, a Culture for historic urban landscapes”, a Culture 2000 project 2005-2006. 2007-2013 project 2006-2009 http://www.contempoproject.eu/
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Project involving the municipalities of Strasbourg, Sevilla and Firenze, tackling the issue of managing historical centres upon “INTELLIGENT CITIES Innovative and rivers. Competitive Cities for Sustainable Results: Historical analysis, researches and Development”, an INTERREG IIIC–South Pilot projects aiming dedicated policies and project (2005-2007). measures, defining a new heritage concept http://www.intelligentcities.net/index.php category. A six partners project aiming to a strategy for designing and planning “innovation hubs”. “INHERIT - Investing in Heritage to Examples of these spaces can be found in Regenerate Heritage Cities” an InterregIIIC various parts of the world, from 22@bcn in project (2005-2007). Barcelona, Spain, to the “Digital Hub” in http://www.inheritproject.net/ Dublin, Ireland, “Genetics Knowledge Park” in Six EU cities networked with the European Cambridge, U.K., “Malaysia Knowledge Association of Historic Towns and Regions to Corridor” in Malaysia, “Dubai Knowledge increase the capacity of cities to regenerate Village” in Dubai and “One North” in physically, economically and socially through Singapore. realising the potential of investing in heritage. Results: As an element of the urban policy of the future, we can visualise the “QUALICITIES”, an InterregIIIC project transformation of our historic centres into a (2005-2007). new generation of innovation hubs where http://www.qualicities.org/travaux/accueil_en.html people can interact in a space that is conducive to innovation and creativity. In a The partner city Pézenas is a member. word, these are environments where people The project defined and activated the can live, work, interact and learn right in the “Qualicities” Progress system, setting up the heart of the city. “Qualicities” Quality Brand. Two, between several best practice projects, of the CONCERTO initiative co funded by the “REVIT Revitalizing industrial sites” an EC within the FP6: Interreg IIIB project (2003-2007). “POLYCITY” project (2005-2010): three large urban areas in Germany, Spain and Between 2003–2007 six North West Italy developing in the field of energy European partners have come optimisation and the use of renewable together to improve regenerating their brown energies. field sites by sharing experience http://www.polycity.net/en/index.html and developing new concepts and innovative and approaches. “Renaissance. Renewable ENergy Acting in SuStainable And Novel Community Enterprises” project: for high standards of Greenkeys Urban Green as a Key for energy efficiency and renewable energy Sustainable Cities an INTERREG III B technologies to be built into plans for the CADSES project (2006-2008). redevelopment of the three towns (Bracknell http://www.greenkeys-project.net/en/home.html (UK), Zaragosa (ES) and Lyon (FR). http://www.managenergy.net/products/R650.htm Project of 12 municipalities and 8 public and private research partners aiming to define, what are the tools and methods necessary for Three, between other projects, of “Energy increasing the sustainability of urban areas by cities” (project partner Utrecht is a member). adding green spaces, given the fact that http://www.energy-cities.eu/ ecological, social and economical conditions MODEL (Management Of Domains related to are often mutually dependent. Energy in Local authorities) Results: The GreeKeys manual for cities. SESAC (Sustainable Energy Systems in Advanced Cities) Historicentres_Net Baseline Study May 2010 PAG. 12
Act2 (Action of cities to mainstream energy MED-ECOQUARTIERS, an Interreg IIIB efficient building and renewable energy MEDOCC project (2006-2008). systems across Europe) http://www.med-ecoquartiers.org/
The objective was to define the methodology “PROSIDE PROmoting Sustainable Inner for the implementation of ecological districts urban Development” an INTERREG III B in the Mediterranean cities. The project lasted CADSES project (2004-2006). 2 years and City of Faenza was actively http://www.proside.info/content.html involved. Seven cities networked for a contribution to sustainable urban development by focussing City of Venice, Agenzia Veneziana Energia, private SAVE Agency. Intent protocol for energy investment on the rehabilitation of brown field saving interventions and RES use in the areas. historical centre of Venezia (2007). http://www.zoes.it/it/content/blog/architettura-e-sostenibilit- Results: A methodology that tests a precise venezia-vince-lintegrazione-del-fotovoltaico investment intention with respect to the Results: A new building regulation for related effects on neighbourhood and Venice historical centre, agreed with the Built examines environmental compatibility. Heritage Bureau, establishing parameters for RE integration in heritage buildings, including “Sustainable Historic Towns - Urban solar panels. Heritage as an Asset of Development” an Interreg IIIB Baltic Sea project (2005-2007). URBACT I and URBACT II projects: “Culture Network” and HOPUS (URBACT I), http://www.nba.fi/en/suhito_recommendations “REPAIR” and “HerO” (URBACT II) directly dealing to the project issue following The 24 partners project aimed enhancing dedicated approach complementary to values of urban heritage as a local, unique Historicentres_Net, as well as UNIC, attraction and as an expression of identity, participated by Faenza. economic resource and factor of social integration. Results: Recommendations and tools with Several thematic projects dealing with good practices, to integrate heritage values in technological and research and development the sustainable development and policies of issues for heritage are available under the the local community FP5’s key action “City of tomorrow and cultural heritage”(1) http://www.cordis.lu/eesd/ka4/home.html
(1) Key projects. EU RESEARCH FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND LAND USE. Europe is rightly proud of its historical legacy of buildings and works of art, while the growth of cultural tourism gives its preservation an economic as well as a social rationale. Nevertheless, nearly 50% of Europe’s cultural heritage has been lost in the last century. What remains is under stress from the effects of climate, water damage, air pollution, chemicals and mass tourism. Poor management is also a major threat. Significant resources have been devoted to the development and piloting of sustainable development tools and technologies for cities and regions during the Fifth and the Sixth Research Framework Programmes. Projects have included both generic and sector specific research, as well as dedicated research on urban sustainability mainly carried out within the FP5 key action ‘City of tomorrow and cultural heritage’. City of tomorrow and cultural heritage (1999-2003) ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/eesd/docs/ka4_fp5_projects.pdf With a budget of €170 million for the period 1999-2002, the key action has made the sustainable development of Europe’s urban areas significantly easier by creating practical approaches, tools and technologies that enable policy-makers and practitioners to reconcile economic development with environmental, social and cultural objectives. Pilot schemes have already brought lasting improvements to the quality of life of many thousand European city-dwellers. The key action co-financed over 140 research projects, covering a wide spectrum of issues relevant to the sustainable management of urban areas (see ‘Research achievements’). Topics ranged from urban management, planning and governance to more specific issues such as energy and waste management, mobility and transport, air quality, housing, cultural heritage, tourism, land use and planning, redevelopment and regeneration, and social cohesion. Characterised by a unique blend of technical and socio-economic elements, the practical focus and relevance of this research effort was guaranteed by involving local stakeholders – notably, city managers and policy-makers – closely in each of the projects.
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Multidisciplinary Under FP5, the EU funded projects in the fields of cultural heritage and tourism, encouraging around 500 stakeholders from across Europe to take a multidisciplinary, cross-border approach to the common problems of preservation and restoration. Partners have been given an opportunity to develop and compare methods, tools and materials, to identify and test the best technologies and techniques, and to spread good practice. Informing EU policy-making Air pollution is a major threat to Europe’s built environment. It does serious damage to historical buildings and cultural artefacts, and the costs of cleaning and repair are enormous. The most effective way to protect the cultural heritage would be policies to reduce emissions of harmful pollutants. To protect human health and ecosystems, EU Council Directive 1999/30/EC sets limit values for sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, particulate matter and lead in ambient air. But the fact that these values may not be sufficient to prevent damage to materials is a serious shortcoming for the sustainable protection and management of Europe’s cultural heritage. Multi-assess has developed dose-response functions that will be used to assess pollution threshold levels for future EU Directives on urban air quality in order to minimise the pollution effects on historic and cultural objects, and for the mapping of areas facing increased risk of damage. Further information http://www.corr-institute.se/MULTI-ASSESS/ CULTURAL HERITAGE Project clusters were formed to create critical mass at European scale capable of addressing six key topic areas – the effects of air pollution and climate change (see Informing EU policy-making), damage to historic buildings, interior environments for the preservation of artefacts, microbiology, and the integration of cultural heritage in wider urban sustainability strategies. The projects have produced pollution threshold definitions, non-destructive tools and methodologies, models, mapping systems and sensors, and have contributed to legislation and harmonisation, standards, and the application of EU environmental directives.
Achieving sustainability Recommended approach The main achievements of the research effort to date have been of three kinds: • It has created practical tools to enhance the capacity of city managers, public authorities and enterprises to identify from a range of options the practical measures that will be most effective in promoting and realising sustainability. • It has contributed to the emergence of a new market for environmental products and services by stimulating the development and deployment of new technologies with real commercial potential – sensors for the preservation of cultural artefacts, and non-destructive techniques for the in situ investigation of brown field sites, for example. • Its science-based policy recommendations have supported the formulation of sustainable policies at EU, national, regional and city levels. These three types of deliverable go hand in hand. Many projects have generated policy recommendations as outputs of their innovative tools. Others have designed technical systems to support the implementation of their recommendations. Research has also supported international sustainable development efforts, promoting its outputs for transfer to other parts of the world and making a significant contribution to the UN Habitat Programme on Human Settlements.
Selecting the best strategy Part of the Land Use and Transport Research (LUTR) cluster, Propolis developed and tested tools and assessment methodologies for the design and implementation of integrated land use, transport and environmental policies. Its aim was to define sustainable long-term urban strategies and demonstrate their concrete benefits. The project used state-of-the-art models and simulations to analyse alternative urban transport and land use policies and their long-term impacts. Policy scenarios were tested in seven cities – Helsinki, Dortmund, Naples, Vicenza, Inverness, Bilbao and Brussels – where a new decision-support tool provided aggregate environmental, social and economic indices for the alternative policy options. In the case studies, the recommended policy packages would cut CO2 emissions by 15-20%, and traffic accidents by 8-17%. They would also reduce exposure to noise and pollutants, and improve traffic flows and access to city centres. The methods and tools developed by Propolis are readily transferable to other European cities. Further information http://www.ltcon.fi/Propolis/ http://www.lutr.net/
Sureuro (Sustainable Refurbishment Europe) offers housing companies practical management tools that enable them to integrate sustainable development and tenant participation into their refurbishment management processes without exceeding conventional project timescales and budgets. Sureuro has developed new design tools for construction companies, designers and engineers, and new models for the improved planning, design and technical specifications of refurbishment projects. Tested in the sustainable refurbishment of more than 13 000 apartments in seven European countries, Sureuro’s innovative systems have been shown to deliver significant environmental improvement and energy savings. Further information http://www.sureuro.com/
Calculating the cost of sustainability: Greensense (2001-2003) is the most recent in a series of projects to have developed new methods of ‘green accounting’. Taking as its starting point the impact pathway analysis methodology developed by the Extern projects, it helped to create a framework of economic and environmental assessment that accounts for both efficiency and sustainability, attaching monetary values to environmental impacts and to the actions required to meet defined sustainability standards. As well as contributing to the development of a standard framework of environmental accounting, Greensense offered policy recommendations based on combining criteria of economic efficiency and environmental sustainability. This will help policy-makers to minimise the costs of achieving sustainable development. The project also made improved information on current welfare losses due to environmental damage available to national statistical offices for inclusion in environmental accounts. Further information http://staff.bath.ac.uk/hssam/greensense/
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DECI
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4. Analysis of the state of play in the participating cities.
Acknowledgements. This part of the BLS has been elaborated with the precious collaboration of the local technical referents of partner cities (ladies first):
Mihet Daniela Florina and Ibolya Szanto, Tirgu Mures. Vesela Ilieva and Petya Peytcheva, Plovdiv.
Sonia Landin and Lars Grönberg, Gotland- Visby. Eglė Mikalauskaitė and Egidijus Grigaitis,
Kedainiai. Henk Jansen, Utrecht. Bayer Melanie, Mihm Julius and Krieg Lothar, Schwaebisch Gmuend. Philippe Nicolle and Jérome Le Bel, Pézenas. Kyriaki Kyriaki and Leonidas Stanelos, Corfu. Ennio Nonni and Devis Sbarzaglia, Faenza. Maria Carmela Malena, Melissa. And Simone Taddei, Associazione Borghi Autentici d’Italia.
Particular gratitude to all the URBACT LSG members in the partner cities.
All partners contributed using common questionnaires, that have been assessed in
two steps (individually with the lead expert and through LSG meetings). The information included in the questionnaires permitted to make an updated and highlighted local focus in each city. Most of that information cannot be included in the BLS, but has been considered to define the findings and is registered and available for the “development phase assessment activity”.
Partners also used SWOT analysis, problem tree and elaborated local stakeholders analysis. Partners and LE also assessed existing local practices, in order to select the best and successful ones to exchange during thematic workshops and to disseminate. A green label has been awarded, indicated in chapter 4.3
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In the following sections, essential 4.1 Description of the information is evidenced to focus: a) the built Historicentres_Net historic urban heritage excellences in each city and b) the landscapes. social economic and environmental status conditions. Sustainability between past and future (The statistics and data on surface, population, economy, housing, climate and social structure, are indicated because considered as basic parameter for the project approach).
TIRGU MURES (RO)
The Roses Square, of Tg. Mures historical centre and the surrounding historical urban fabric.
Hungarian school of Transylvania, witnessing The city is located in the centre of a radical cultural and political change for the Transylvania, http://www.tirgumures.ro and was previous catholic city, that stands for around firstly documented in 1332. The 1492 dated, two centuries. pentago n plan fortress (then reconstructed o n 1602) and the surrounding city, have been The Reformed Fortress Church is the oldest several times destroyed during the centuries. church in the town, at the beginning of the th 18 century, St John the Baptist Church one of the In 1557, the Reformed Church College (i.e. most representative baroque churches of Presbyterians) was established as the oldest
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Transylvania was erected in the North- Eastern part of the city center and the big Synagogue was built between 1899 and 1900.
The appearance of the city changed greatly in the late 19th century and early 20th century. The Hungarian Art-Nouveau style City Hall was built between 1906-1907 and the Cultural Palace was opened on 1913, as part of mayor Bernády György important high standing urban renewal, including also several other public buildings and squares (University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Petru Maior University, Papiu Ilarian High School, Bolyai Farkas High School), giving the historical centre a strong “city centre” profile. After World War I, together with the rest of Transylvania, the city became part of Romania. From having been an 89% Hungarian-populated city (1910), Romanian population increased throughout the latter half of the 20th century. Tirgu Mures, Roof detail of secessionist building.
The historic central area lies around the linear Roses square. On the eastern side of the square, is the Medieval Fortress, with the well conserved defence walls and towers, that had major changes in baroque times, and the oldest parts of the city. Starting from the square, several streets cross the city towards the countryside, and in between them, narrow irregular streets compose a dense urban fabric. Outstanding heritage are the numerous Churches, with architectural-historic as well cultural values of several catholic orders, 2 orthodox churches and protestant churches. Tirgu Mures, Street of the historical centre. The historical centre today is mainly composed by buildings of the last two The city today is extended on a surface of centuries, actually we can register two 67km2, with a population of 145.000inh (in buildings, classified as historic monuments, negative trend: 1992:164.000; 2002:149.000). dating from the Renaissance, and The historical centre occupies 1,8km2 with a furthermore 162 Secessionist buildings, a few population of 25.000inh (in positive trend: Neo-baroque and Neoclassic buildings. 1990:27.000; 2009:20.000). The composition of residents is: Romanians 50,35%, Hungarians 46,68%, Germans 0,18%, Gypsies 2,53%, Other ethnic groups 0,17%. The age structure is: 0-19 Years: 33.672 people; 20-49 years: 73.581 people; 50-69 years: 32.181 people; 70&over years: 10.607 people. The actual unemployment rate is:
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6,2% and the average net income level: 1139 the existing economic balance. This is RON = 272 Euro. supported by a multicultural city reality: ethnic, religious and cultural diversity. Main economic activities on town level are: Services: 27%, Industry: 31%, Agriculture, The actual economic potential is defined by silviculture and wood felling: 22%, the once powerful industrial city, presently Commerce: 20%; within the historical centre converted towards an economy operated by the main economic activities relate to Small and Medium sized Enterprises, also services and commerce. including the performing medical profile with internationally acknowledged hospitals, the The City is looking forward to assess and university centre and the medical research develop a sustainable tourist potential for centre. cultural tourism, business tourism, entertainment and recreation, integrated in
Climate data for Tirgu Mureş
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
54 63 77 79 88 91 97 91 90 79 66 63 97 Record high °F (°C) (12) (17) (25) (26) (31) (33) (36) (33) (32) (26) (19) (17) (36)
30 34 50 59 68 72 75 75 70 59 43 30 55 Average high °F (°C) (-1) (1) (10) (15) (20) (22) (24) (24) (21) (15) (6) (-1) (13)
21 23 32 41 50 54 57 55 50 39 32 27 39 Average low °F (°C) (-6) (-5) (0) (5) (10) (12) (14) (13) (10) (4) (0) (-3) (4)
-18 -22 -0 23 32 36 45 41 32 19 -0 -6 -22 Record low °F (°C) (-28) (-30) (-18) (-5) (0) (2) (7) (5) (0) (-7) (-18) (-21) (-30)
Avg. rainy days 15 12 13 14 13 13 11 8 8 8 12 16 143
Source: Weatherbase.com January 2010
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PLOVDIV (BG)
Old Plovdiv, The Roman Amphitheatre.
Plovdiv is located on the banks of the Maritsa The city http://www.plovdiv.bg presents a unique river, approximately 152 km (94 mi) southeast historic stratification, the result of a complex of Sofia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plovdiv has blend of influences at the crossroads settlement traces dating from the Neolithic, between the East and the West and roughly 4000 BC, in 342 BC, it was symbiosis between architecture and nature, conquered by Philip II of Macedon, in 72 AD area of living traditions, artistic exchange and it was incorporated into the Roman Empire. beliefs, meeting place of different religions, The Slavs had fully settled in the area by the Christian orthodox, Catholic, Armenian, middle of the 6th century, in 681 “Philipopolis” Muslim, aiming UNESCO inclusion in WH list became an important border fortress of the http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1948 Byzantine Empire, succeeded by that of the The city shape is marked by a number of 19th Latin Empire in 1204. century churches, Saint Constantine and Under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, Saint Helena, the Saint Marina, the Saint Plovdiv was a focal point for the Bulgarian Nedelya, the Saint Petka and the Holy Mother national movement and a major economic of God Churches, aside the impressive center, richer citizens constructed beautiful roman amphitheatre, actually used for cultural ho uses many of which can still be seen in the events Architectural reserve Old Plovdiv http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plovdiv_Roman_amphitheatre the http://www.oldplovdiv.com Historical Museum
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plovdiv_Regional_Historical_Musem by an urban fabric built mainly during the last situated in the large house of the Greek century and used for commerce, merchant from Thessaloniki Dimitris administration and residence. Georgiadi built 1846 and the Ethnographic This buffer zone includes: the Archaeological Museum ensemble within Knyaz Alexander, Otetz http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plovdiv_Regional_Ethnographic_M Paisiy, Hr. G. Danov and Rayko Daskalov useum occupying the 1847 house of the rich merchant Argir Kuyumdzhioglu. streets, the Ensemble along Bethoven and Opalchenska streets, the Ensemble along The architectural reserve includes 474 Antim I and Lady Strangford streets, the buildings: 375 residential houses, 90 public Ensemble to the west of Sahat hill , the buildings, 9 worship buildings. Between them: Ensemble along Ivan Vazov and Tsanko 222 classified as monuments (205 Dyustabano str. and the Ensemble Kapana. architectural and 17 archaeological sites). The demographic trend of the 10.000ha city The reserve is used by approximately 1.500 is positive (2001: 338.224, 2009: 376.911), residents and several visitors, hosting the ethnic composition is: Bulgarians - 89,5%; educational institutions, cultural uses and Turks - 6,6%; Roma - 1,7%, others - 2,2%, leisure. It is surrounded by a larger historic the 2009 unemployment rate was 8,22%, the buffer zone "Philippopol-Trimontium-Plovdiv", average income 597,26 leva (306 euro) per developed upon three hills, inhabited by month and with a Standard&Poor's rating approximately 20.000, also rich in BB+ archaeological findings and today composed
Old Plovdiv, children recreation in the Historic Urban Landscape. Old Plovdiv, Historic building for sale.
Climate data for Plovdiv
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
16 23 25 31 32 36 40 38 35 33 23 19 40 Record high °C (°F) (61) (73) (77) (88) (90) (97) (104) (100) (95) (91) (73) (66) (104)
5 7 12 18 23 28 31 30 26 21 12 6 20.6 Average high °C (°F) (41) (45) (54) (64) (73) (82) (88) (86) (79) (70) (54) (43) (69)
-3 -2 1 5 10 14 16 15 11 8 3 -2 10.1 Average low °C (°F) (27) (28) (34) (41) (50) (57) (61) (59) (52) (46) (37) (28) (50)
-23 -25 -18 -4 0 6 8 8 0 -3 -8 -17 -25 Record low °C (°F) (-9) (-13) (-0) (25) (32) (43) (46) (46) (32) (27) (18) (1) (-13)
39 33 37 36 51 65 37 28 32 41 49 44 462 Precipitation mm (inches) (1.54) (1.3) (1.46) (1.42) (2.01) (2.56) (1.46) (1.1) (1.26) (1.61) (1.93) (1.73) (18.19)
Source: BBC Weather Centre 2010-03-07
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GOTLAND, VISBY (SE)
Visby Hanseatic historical centre, the walls, the warehouses the church ruins.
make it the best-preserved fortified Visby is the city of the island (County) of commercial city in northern Europe. Gotland, seat of Gotland municipality http://www.gotland.se/imcms The Hanseatic Town of The whole conservation area includes 276 Visby is the best-preserved medieval city in buildings listed grade 1 of protection, 70 % is Northern Europe and has been named on from the 18th and 19th century the rest is 1995 a UNESCO World Heritage Site medieval buildings. The main groups of the http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/731 listed buildings are residential buildings and A former Viking site on the island of Gotland, trade/office buildings, 85% privately owned, Visby was the main centre of the Hanseatic 50% is one-family households. League in the Baltic from the 12th to the 14th A large amount of houses approx. 50 % is century. Its 13th-century ramparts, the 3.4 km mostly used in summertime. long stone ring wall Ringmuren, the 8 towers (from the original 22), the old church ruins The population is in positive trend (St.Nicolas, St.Clement, St.Drotten, St.Lars, (1980:19.835, 1990: 20.986, 2000:22.017, St.Hans and St Per, St.Catherine) and more 2009:22.919) but the population of the than 200 warehouses and wealthy historical centre is relatively declining merchants' dwellings from the same period, (1980:2.516, 1990:2.563, 2000:2.914, 2010:2.620).
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The larger city area occupies a surface of unemployment is 8,3% in municipality level. 36Ha and the historical centre 1,1Ha. The Gross Regional Product per Capita is 212.000 SEK (22.300Euros). The age structure is: 18%under 20 yrs, 56% between 20 and 59, 26% over 60 and the
Delivery in Visby, in Liljehornska, largest medieval warehouse. Visby, the Gamla Apoteket warehouse.
Visby, solid wastes collect.
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Climate data for Gotland Visby
Monthly average of the minimum and maximum daily temperatures.
Precipitation is any kind of water that falls from the sky as part of the weather. This includes drizzle, rain, hail, sleet, or snow.
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KEDAINIAI (LT)
Kedainiai, historical centre main street.
Kedainiai is situated in the centre of In the Old Town of Kėdainiai there are 39 Lithuania, near Kaunas http://www.kedainiai.lt heritage buildings included in the registry of cultural heritage of Lithuanian Republic, 27 of Kėdainiai Old Town (14th – 17th cent.) is them are under state protection. acknowledged as historical monument of urban culture of national significance. The St. George‘s Church (15th cent.). Šviesioji first settlement was founded in the right bank Gymnasium (17th cent.). Rectors‘ House of the Nevėžis river, where appeared a complex (17th cent.). Evangelical Lutheran market square, which later acquired the name Church complex (17th cent.). Evangelical of the Old Market Square. In the 16th century Reformed Church (17th cent.) and Jews began to move to Kėdainiai. Mausoleum of the Dukes Radvilos http://www.keidan.net They were designated to live (Radziwills). Town Hall founded in 1665 by in the Old Market area, one of the squares Scotsman Chencher. The renovated complex which maintained the 17th century form, of the Carmelite Convent of the Old Holy Rule where are situated oldest buildings (16th – (18th c) houses the expositions of the 17th cent.): the former glaziers‘ house, Kėdainiai Regional Museum, one of the merchant Shafler‘s house, Mayor George oldest in Lithuania (Jurgis) Anderson‘s house and the Town Hall. http://www.kedainiumuziejus.lt/Pub/default.aspx?Page=HistEN The complex of the buildings of Seniors Historicentres_Net Baseline Study May 2010 PAG. 25
Arnets (17th c) built by the Scottish merchant It seems that the same trend is for the Arnet. Craftsmen’s ho use, the former historical centre (2010 – 3.300 inhabitants). residence of the Scottish merchant Benett, No data of earlier periods. recalls the town‘s prosperity with 300 The population is composed by 94.7 per cent residential buildings and 104 pubs, dating of Lithuanians, 3 per cent Russians, 0.5 per back to the 17th century. The house built cent Ukrainians, 1.8 per cent other between 1624 and 1661 by the merchant of nationalities. Total persons of 21 nationalities. Scottish descent George Benett. The Synagogue complex dating back to the 17- The age structure is : Younger than 17 – 16.6 19th centuries is one of the oldest and most per cent; 18 – 29 years of age – 16.7 per significant in Lithuania, houses the cent; 30 – 44 years of age – 21.1 per cent; 44 Multicultural Centre and the Art School. – 59 years of age – 19.8 per cent; over 60 - http://www.visitkedainiai.lt/go.php/eng/IMG/1 25.8 per cent. There are 403 dwelling houses in the Old Unemployment actual trend is: 2009-01-01 – Town. All of them are private. In some of the 4,8 per cent, 2009-07-01 – 6,7 per cent, buildings, there are separate apartments 2010-03-01 – 11,8 per cent. Average wages owned by the Municipality. 450 Euros per month. The city is extended to 25.5 sq.km. and the In the Old Town there are economic activities: historical core area is 0.87 sq.km. 6 cafeterias, 2 hotels-restaurants, a The population is in relative decline (1980 – restaurant, 2 shopping centres, 46 retail 27.886 inhabitants, 1990 – 33.840 enterprises, a guest house, a shoe house, inhabitants, 2000 – 32.048, 2010 – 30.668). real estate office, 6 banks, 4 beauty shops, 3 museums and art gallery, art school and other services.
Kedainiai, historical centre, buildings to restore. Kedainiai, historical centre, renovated buildings.
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Kedainiai, historical centre, dwellings of different periods.
Climate data for Kedainiai
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
-2.6 -1.4 3.5 10.7 17.9 21 22.2 21.9 16.7 10.8 4.4 0 10.4 Average high °C (°F) (27) (29) (38) (51) (64) (70) (72) (71) (62) (51) (40) (32) (51)
-8.5 -7.6 -3.6 1.8 7.4 10.9 12.4 11.8 8.1 4 -0.5 -4.9 2.6 Average low °C (°F) (17) (18) (26) (35) (45) (52) (54) (53) (47) (39) (31) (23) (37)
39 31 35 42 55 69 80 78 56 45 53 47 630 Precipitation mm (inches) (1.54) (1.22) (1.38) (1.65) (2.17) (2.72) (3.15) (3.07) (2.2) (1.77) (2.09) (1.85) (24.8)
Avg. precipitation days 18 14 14 13 13 13 14 13 15 15 17 19 178
Source: World Weather Information Service 01.12.2008
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UTRECHT (NL)
Utrecht, historical centre.
The founding date of the city is usually Utrecht's cityscape features the Dom Tower related to the construction of a Roman belonging to the former cathedral Dom Church fortification, probably built in around 50bc. Another landmark is the old centre and the th By 8 century, Utrecht became the most canal structure in the inner city. The Oudegracht influential seat of power for the Roman is a curved canal, partly following an old arm Catholic Church in the Netherlands and of the Rhine. It is lined with the unique wharf- Utrecht became the place of the Bishop, for basement structures that create a two-level centuries, the only one in what is now called street along the canals. The inner city has the Netherlands. largely retained its Medieval structure, and the moat ringing the old town is largely intact A very important year for Utrecht was 1122: Because of the role of Utrecht as a fortified then the settlement got city rights by the city, which restricted construction outside the Bishop and the construction of a city wall with walls, until the 19th century the city has the moats started. remained very compact. Surrounding the The location on the banks of the river Rhine medieval core there is a ring of late 19th and allowed Utrecht to become an important trade early 20th century neighbourhoods, with centre in the middle of Netherlands. newer neighbourhoods positioned farther out.
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Utrecht University (est. 1636), the largest The city occupies a territory of 99,3 km2, and university of the Netherlands with the historical centre 1,6 m2. 29,927 students (2010). The university is The historic centre is listed by the state as a partially based in the inner city as well as in preserved area ('beschermd stadsgezicht'), the Uithof campus area, on the east of the therefore the municipality is obliged to make city. on http://www.uu.nl/EN/utrechtuniversity/factsandfigures/Pages/de a detailed conservation plan. The City applied fault.aspx to UNESCO WH for the wharves. There are several theatres and theatre The population of the city is in strong positive companies, many art galleries and several trend (1980, 237.064; 1990, 230.676; 2000, foundations to support art, and artists, the 233.858; 2010, 307.134, expected 2020, Centraal Museum and many others, the eastern 320.000). Also the population of the historical part of the old town, is called centre is strengthening (1980, 10.967; 1990, MuseumQuarter. 11.700; 2000, 12.472; 2010, 13.659). New Hoog-Catherijne, in the railway zone In the historical centre: The ethnic developments: http://www.cu2030.nl/ Municipal composition is: NL 78%, 14% Western web site: http://www.utrecht.nl/smartsite.dws?id=13353 Europe, 1% Turkish, 2% Morocco, 2% Sur/ other info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utrecht_(city) Antil., 3% non-West. The age structure is: 1- There are approximately 4000 buildings in the 17, 8%; 18-26, 25%; 27-34, 22%; 35-44, 15%; 45-54, 13%; 55-plus, 17%. The historical centre including 1500 listed unemployment rate is only 3%; the average buildings, from 11th-20th century, many churches. More than 200 are owned by the income 31.200Euros per household (2006). municipality, there a 65 listed churches in the Exist 3000 companies (offices, retail etc) offering jobs for 39.500 people. city altogether.
Utrecht historical centre, the Oudegracht. Utrecht, University Library courtyard with the new underground parking for bicycles.
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Utrecht historical centre, street in the University quarter. “Het Huys Ouaden”.
Utrecht, developments of Hoog-Catherijne, aside the historical centre.
Climate data for Utrecht
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
5 6 9 13 17 20 22 22 19 15 9 6 14 Average high °C (°F) (41) (43) (48) (55) (63) (68) (72) (72) (66) (59) (48) (43) (57)
-1 -1 1 3 7 10 12 12 9 7 3 1 5 Average low °C (°F) (30) (30) (34) (37) (45) (50) (54) (54) (48) (45) (37) (34) (41)
69 48 66 53 61 71 76 71 66 74 81 84 820 Precipitation mm (inches) (2.7) (1.9) (2.6) (2.1) (2.4) (2.8) (3.0) (2.8) (2.6) (2.9) (3.2) (3.3) (32.3)
Source: 2009-09-11
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SCHWAEBISCH GMUEND (DE)
Schwaebisch Gmuend, the central square.
The town is also home to the Schwäbisch Gmünd lies on the Rems river Forschungsinstitut für Edelmetalle und about 50 kilometers east of Stuttgart, it was Metallchemie, an institute for precious metal founded in the mid-12th century. It was a Free work and surface technology. Imperial City from 1268 until 1803, when it passed to Württemberg.Oldest Staufer-Town Municipal web site http://www.schwaebisch-gmuend.de/ (2012: 850 Years) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schw%C3%A4bisch_Gm%C3%BC The historic centre is extended for 50 ha and nd is under special protection of historical The historical centre is composed by approx. monuments (Ensemble-Schutz). It is well 950 buildings, mainly private single owners. preserved with no destruction during World The municipal buildings with private use are War II. Includes buildings and monuments of 24 and the municipal buildings with public use 800 years: the Romanesque Johanniskirche, are 26, furthermore 18 buildings are owned the Gothic Heilig-Kreuz-Münster the Oldest by the municipal housing company (VGW). Staufer-Town. Vacancies: completely vacant: approx. 5% partially vacant: 20%. Gold- and- Silver-Town: since the 17th century, Schwäbisch Gmünd has been home The whole historical centre is heritage listed; to producers of gold and silver handicrafts. inside this area there are 247 houses with
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normal heritage value and 71 houses with to 53.4% considering residents with an high heritage value. emigrational background (incl. foreigners). The population of the city is stabilised (1980: The age structure is <6yrs 5.2%, 6>14yrs 56,901; 1990: 60,081; 2000: 61,946; today: 7%, 14>18yrs 4.1%,18>27yrs 15.4%, 60,161), 150,000 inhabitants in commuter 27>40yrs 20%, 40>65yrs 0.9%, 65>80yrs zone, the population of the historical centre in 11.2%, >80yrs, 6.2 %. declining (1994: 4,208; 2.000: 3,843; today: The unemployed at city level is: March 00: 3.633). 4.398; March 01: 4.138; March 02: 4.581; The city occupies a territory of 22.42 km² built March 03: 5.977; March 04: 5.053; March 05: area, and the historical centres is extended to 5.286; March 06: 5.072; March 07: 5.927; 0.59 km² built area. March 08: 3.040; March 09: 3.798. There is a critical share (37.1%) of In the inner city area are 330 retail immigrants in the historical centre, that is up businesses and 113 restaurants (incl. takeaways).
Schwaebisch Gmuend, Restaurant in a 1700 building. Schwaebisch Gmuend, Spital zum Heilingen Geist (actual library)
Climate data for Schwaebisch Gmuend
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
4.0 5.6 10.4 14.5 19.5 22.3 24.8 24.8 20.1 14.0 7.7 5.0 14.4 Average high °C (°F) (39) (42) (51) (58) (67) (72) (77) (77) (68) (57) (46) (41) (58)
1.4 2.2 6.2 9.3 14.0 17.0 19.3 19.1 15.1 10.0 4.9 2.5 10.1 Daily mean °C (°F) (35) (36) (43) (49) (57) (63) (67) (66) (59) (50) (41) (37) (50)
-1.3 -1.2 1.9 4.1 8.4 11.7 13.7 13.4 10.1 6.0 2.1 0.0 5.8 Average low °C (°F) (30) (30) (35) (39) (47) (53) (57) (56) (50) (43) (36) (32) (42)
42.5 37.1 47.6 42.8 60.2 60.6 64.9 52.9 50.0 54.6 51.8 55.7 620.7 Precipitation mm (inches) (1.67) (1.46) (1.87) (1.69) (2.37) (2.39) (2.56) (2.08) (1.97) (2.15) (2.04) (2.19) (24.44)
Avg. precipitation days 9.8 7.1 9.3 8.5 9.8 10.3 9.3 7.8 8.1 9.3 9.7 9.9 108.9
Source: World Meteorological Organization (UN)
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PEZENAS (FR)
Pézenas, the historical centre.
The Collégiale Saint-Jean church (18th The origins of Pézenas are unclear, but were century), designed by Jean-Baptiste Franque, influenced by three factors: water from the contains an organ by Lépine. River Peyne, an ancient pre-Roman route and a defensive hill site. The Château de Pézenas was built by the Duc de Montmorency, in Church of Saint-Jean-de-Bébian, 1575 on the domain of Granges des Près. It romanesque, classed as a Historic had seven towers, one of which was used as monument. a chapel. The river, la Peyne, flowed along its walls. Richelieu ordered the castle to be The church of Sainte-Ursule, built in 1686 by destroyed. the master mason Antoine Carrier, became the parish church after the Concordat The old town centre with narrow streets and Hôtel Privet (rather grand Town Houses from Molière Monument (1897) by Jean-Antoine the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries, when Injalbert Pézenas was the seat of the Governors of Languedoc). L'illustre Théâtre, theatre in converted warehouse, open all year
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Musée de Vulliod Saint-Germain : museum The city’s territory is 29,56km² large (5 km² with collections illustrating the town's history built area), the protected area, is 17Ha, and and a room dedicated to Molière. the historical centre is about 34Ha. The city is strengthening its population (1980: The municipal web site is http://www.ville-pezenas.fr/ 7.500 - 1990: 7.600 - 2000: 7.450 - 2007: Half of the historic centre of Pézenas is 8.500), about 30% is living in the historical protected heritage, dating back to the XIIth centre. century, but mostly buildings belong to the Ethnic composition is not known: forbidden in XV-XVIIth centuries, with 75 heritage France. buildings especially protected: The age structure is: >75 : 9,6%, 60-74: http://www.culture.gouv.fr/public/mistral/merimee_fr?ACTION= CHERCHER&FIELD_1=INSEE&VALUE_1=34199 12,16%, 35-59: 29,05%, 18-34: 22,28%, minors: 15,06% The majority of heritage buildings are private; prevalence of small property; mix of private The unemployment rate is actually around investors (Law "Malraux" with fiscal 16%. The historical city is hosting several advantage for investment in historic protected little size economic activities: small shops, areas) and patrimony tenants; few craftsmen shops, restaurants and tourist apartments to rent. shops.
.Pézenas medieval town, Faugères Doorway Pézenas, medieval town, facades.
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Pézenas, Cours Jean Jaures. Pézenas , Place de La République, former Market place.
Pézenas, artisan mason. Climate data for Pézenas
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CORFU (GR)
Corfu, the Old Town and the old fortress.
ensemble is notable for its high level of The Old Town of Corfu, on the Island of Corfu integrity and authenticity. off the western coasts of Albania and Greece, is located in a strategic position at the The restricted space within the perimeter entrance of the Adriatic Sea, and has its roots dictated the construction of multi-storey in the 8th century BC. The three forts of the dwellings ranged indiscriminately in serried town, designed by renowned Venetian ranks along the streets. engineers, were used for four centuries to At the centre of the Old Town stand two large defend the maritime trading interests of the squares, each leading off one of the two main Republic of Venice against the Ottoman streets. On Dimarchion Square, once the Empire. In the course of time, the forts were social and cultural centre of the Venetian repaired and partly rebuilt several times, town, which lies on the slopes of the hill of more recently under British rule in the 19th th century. The mainly neoclassical housing Agiou Athanassiou, stand the 18 century stock of the Old Town is partly from the Cathedral of St James, the former residence Venetian period, partly of later construction, of the Latin Archbishop (rebuilt in 1754), and notably the 19th century. As a fortified the Loggia Nobilei (1663-69), converted into a Mediterranean port, Corfu’s urban and port
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theatre in 1720 and home of the Town Hall From the 28.185 inhabitants of the City 3.915 th since the early 20 century. are foreigners. The ethnic composition of the non Greek population is 75% albanians On Heroon Square stand the churches of St th (2.921), 8% british (312), 2% americans (81), John (pre-16 century) and Phaneromeni, a 2% cypriots (71). The remaining 13% are basilica with three aisles dating from the early Germans, Russians, French, Italians, Dutch th 18 century and altered in 1832 by Corfiot and others. The age structure (2001) for the architect Ioannis Chronis, who designed city level is: 0-14, 14%; 15-24, 13%; 25-39, many public buildings in the Neo-Classical 22%; 40-54, 22%; 55-64, 11%; 65-79, 14% style for the Old Town, including the Ionian and over 80 years old 4%.The unemployment Bank which stands on the same square, the rate on town level is actually around 14%. home of Ioannis Kapodistrias, the first Greek Main economic activities (2001) on town level governor, and the Ionian Parliament (1854, are: wholesale and retail trade, repair of cars then restored after the bombings in 1943). - vehicles - motorcycles, personal and Nomination of the historical centre of Corfu as household goods (rate 16.1%), hotels & World Heritage Site by UNESCO, on 2007 restaurants (14.4%); Public Administration http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/978 (8.33%); Health - Care and services (8.25%); The web site of the municipality is construction (7.90%); education (7.90%); http://www.corfu.gr also Real estate (6.6%); financial institutions http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corfu_(city) (2.33%). The remaining 20.14% of the The population of the city on 2001 (last workforce is engaged in various other census) was 28.185inh. and the population of activities; within the historical centre the main the historical centre was 7.200inh. The city economic activities relate to education, occupies an area of 2,32 km2, including the wholesale and retail trade and hotels & old town that is 0,70 km2. restaurants.
Corfu, Spianada square, between the old fortress and the historical centre.
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Corfu, historical centre facades.
Climate data for Corfu
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
14 14 16 19 23 28 31 31 28 23 18 15 22 Average high °C (°F) (57) (57) (61) (66) (73) (82) (88) (88) (82) (73) (64) (59) (72)
5 6 7 9 13 16 18 18 16 13 9 7 11 Average low °C (°F) (41) (43) (45) (48) (55) (61) (64) (64) (61) (55) (48) (45) (52)
132.1 137.2 99.1 61 35.6 15.2 7.6 17.8 76.2 147.3 180.3 180.3 1,089.7 Precipitation mm (inches) (5.2) (5.4) (3.9) (2.4) (1.4) (0.6) (0.3) (0.7) (3) (5.8) (7.1) (7.1) (42.9)
Source: Weather Channel[7] 2008-09-07
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FAENZA (IT)
Faenza, Piazza del Popolo.
year 1000 with the government of the Of Roman origins, Faenza is a splendid city Bishops and subsequently in the age of the of art whose fame already shone in the Commune the city began a long period of Renaissance period of the production of richness and building expansion which exquisitely made pottery that was exported all reached its peak with the rule of the Manfredi over Europe. According to mythology, the family. First consuls were elected in 1141 and name of the first settlement, Faventia, had in 1155 a Podestà was in charge of Etruscan and Celtic roots, meaning in Latin government of the city. In the wars between "Splendeo inter deos" or "I shine among the Guelphs and Ghibellines that began in the gods," in modern English. The very name, following years Faenza was at first loyal to coming from the Romans who developed this the emperor. In 1178, however, it changed center under the name of Faventia, has side and entered the Lombard League. The become synonymo us with ceramics inner disputes anyway favoured acquisition of (majolica) in various languages, including power by Maghinardo Pagano, who remained French (faïence) and English (faience). podestà and capitano del popolo for several Here Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius years. defeated populares army of Gnaeus Papirius At the beginning of the 14th century the Carbo in 82 BC. Guelph family of Manfredi began a rule over From the second half of the 1st century AD Faenza that was to last for almost two the city flourished considerably as a result of centuries. The peak of splendour was its agricultural propensities and the reached under Carlo II Manfredi, in the development of industrial activities such as second half of the century, when the city the production of everyday pottery and centre was renewed. In 1488 Galeotto brickwork objects and linen textiles. Manfredi was assassinated by his wife: his Here Totila and an Ostrogothic army defeated son Astorre III succeeded him, but was in turn the Byzantine army in Italy in the Battle of killed in Rome as a prisoner of Cesare Faventia in 542 CE. Borgia, who had captured Faenza in 1501. After a period of decadence from the 2nd After a brief period of Venetian domination century to the early Middle Ages it regained Faenza became part of the Church States prosperity from 8th century on. Around the until 1797. So the city we see today was formed over a long arc of historical evolution
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and enriched over the years by fine historical centre (1988: 8.733, 1991: 8.417, architecture with strong Renaissance and 2001: 8.175, today (31.12.2009): 9.036). Neoclassical features. The city occupies, as built area, 13,2 km2 and the historical centre 1 km2. In the historical centre there are almost 69 A 20,1% share of the historical centre listed monumental and historic buildings population are immigrants, mainly from (dating medieval, renaissance, seventeenth Morocco, Albania, Romania, China and and eighteenth century, neoclassical and Moldova. twentieth century). The age structure in the historical centre is: 0- Well known for its ceramic tradition, Faenza 24: 1.919 inh. 21,2%; 25-64: 5.145 inh. is particularly famous for the neoclassical 56,9%; >65: 1.963 inh. 21,9%. plant (the main square) and for the In the historical centre there are 182 social neoclassical buildings. houses with a potential of 273 occupants. Municipality of Faenza Commercial activities in historical centre are http://www.comune.faenza.ra.it/ 51.115 m2, including 14.500 m2 of artisan Territorial Information System activities and 8.810 m2 of bar and http://www.faenza.coresit.net/ restaurants. Faenza International Museum of Ceramics The overall density in the city is 270 inh/km2, http://www.micfaenza.it/ the historical centre density is 9000 inh/km2, in the historical centre there are 39.000m2 of public green that means 4,3 m2/inh, The population at city level is in positive trend 24.500m2 of public parking that means 2,7 (1981: 55.167, 1991: 54.139, 2001: 53.641, m2/inh, 217.400m2 of public equipment that today (31.12.2009): 57.664. The same for the means 24,5 m2/inh.
Faenza, historical centre, Corso Saffi. Piazza del Popolo.
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Climate data for Faenza
Month T min T max Rainfall. Humidity Wind Eliofania
January 1 °C 6 °C 40 mm n/d n/d n/d
February 3 °C 9 °C 38 mm n/d n/d n/d
March 6 °C 13 °C 51 mm n/d n/d n/d
Aprile 10 °C 17 °C 54 mm n/d n/d n/d
May 14 °C 22 °C 48 mm n/d n/d n/d
June 18 °C 27 °C 54 mm n/d n/d n/d
July 20 °C 29 °C 41 mm n/d n/d n/d
August 20 °C 29 °C 59 mm n/d n/d n/d
September 17 °C 25 °C 62 mm n/d n/d n/d
October 12 °C 19 °C 60 mm n/d n/d n/d
Novembre 6 °C 11 °C 68 mm n/d n/d n/d
December 2 °C 7 °C 59 mm n/d n/d n/d
Medie mensili riferite agli ultimi 30 anni, basate sui dati della stazione di Forli.
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MELISSA (IT )
Melissa Old Town.
Melissa is an old small town situated on the The municipal population, 100% Italian, is east side of the region Calabria, in the South declining 1980: 4.286inh; 1990: 4.683inh; of Italy, at 10km from the coast, on the top of 2000: 3.245inh; actual: 3.680inh. The old a hill. Documented from the 13th century, town has actually 1.383 inhabitants. represented an urban consistency from 12th The age structure of the municipality is 0-14: century, with defence walls and a medieval 16,3%; 15-64: 48,9%; 65+: 19,5% and the origins castle (actually ruins). actual employment rate is 14,21% (461 It represents an example of those numerous workers) compared to total inhabitants. There small towns in Europe that despite of their are 906 economically active people with a limited dimension, hold each one and in their total income of 11.765.808Euros. territorial consistency, an immense cultural In the City's territory there are 46 industrial and artistic heritage of EU. activities with 121 workers equal to 26,25% of Main cultural heritage is represented by the working force; 51 service activities with 78 Seventeenth century Castle (Count workers equal to 16,92% of working force; Francesco Campitelli's Castle); St. James other 47 service activities with 103 workers Church; Wine Museum; an intangible equal to 22,34% of working force; 21 heritage: "l'eccidio di Fragalà" (Fragalà's administrative activities with 159 workers massacre) several farm-workers were killed equal to 34,49% of working force. by soldiers during a riot in 1949; great natural Melissa is member of the “Associazione heritage surrounding Melissa's town. Borghi Autentici d’Italia” (“Authentic Old The historical centre include 379 property Towns of Italy”) that is aiming to give units (with only 178 of them actually technical support for local development inhabited). projects http://www.borghiautenticiditalia.it/ The municipal territory include the old town and the coastal touristic one (Torre Melissa) http://www.comune.melissa.kr.it/
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Melissa heritage buildings Melissa the old town external view
Melissa street in the old town Melissa view
Climate data for Melissa
Month T min T max Rainfall. Humidity Wind Eliofania
January 6 °C 13 °C 90 mm 75 % NNE 16 km/h 4hours
February 6 °C 13 °C 55 mm 73 % NNE 16 km/h 5hours
March 7 °C 15 °C 75 mm 72 % SSW 15 km/h 6hours
Aprile 9 °C 18 °C 39 mm 72 % SSW 16 km/h 7hours
May 12 °C 23 °C 25 mm 68 % SSW 16 km/h 8hours
June 16 °C 27 °C 8mm 62 % SSW 16 km/h 9hours
July 20 °C 31 °C 11 mm 57 % NNE 16 km/h 10 hours
August 20 °C 30 °C 18 mm 62 % S16km/h 9 hours
September 17 °C 27 °C 48 mm 64 % NNE 16 km/h 8hours
October 14 °C 22 °C 103 mm 74 % NNE 16 km/h 6hours
Novembre 10 °C 17 °C 106 mm 78 % NNE 16 km/h 5hours
December 7 °C 14 °C 104 mm 75 % NNE 15 km/h 4hours
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4.2 Problems and challenges in each city partner
TIRGU MURES (RO)
• measures/norms regulating Problem nature and needs aesthetics, main activities and destinations of buildings in the historical centre The central constraint that has been focused • economic activities strengthening in is the low capacity of the local administration the historical core area, also by in obtaining, elaborating and managing introducing incentives knowledge about the built heritage aiming at a future sustainable development. • sustainable social and environmental measures for the historical centre's On the other hand the local (and also management corresponding and national) regulatory framework, developing supporting stakeholders interests and supporting dedicated integrated policies for historical centre, is rather inefficient. • improve communication and common understanding between institutions, Main needs are namely related to policies local actors and citizens represented and know-how for heritage safeguard, to in the stakeholders LSG urban crossing car traffic remediation, to inter institutional communication and shared • build constructive relationship of LA action, and to civil society organization. with the civil society of the historical centre area
• reduce pollution by energy saving and Key challenges for sustainability regulating private car transport v/s clean transports • better safeguarding, protection and • regeneration of building complexes maintenance of the historical buildings and urban spaces within the historical based on: centre - establishment of a Counselling • accelerate the implementation Office for Urban Sustainable process of local projects/strategies Regeneration and Protection of and obtaine concrete results on historical buildings, within the shorter terms Public Authority • adapt best practices to local context - inventory of all historic • identify funding sources in order to monuments in order to prioritize implement local projects and then implement protection policy measures - capacity building for public servants and practitioners
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PLOVDIV (BG)
• provide a new governance for the Problem nature and needs historic area of Plovdiv based on a strategy for sustainable revitalisation, integrating social economic and There is a major weakness in local environmental rehabilitation and awareness for heritage, properly seized to valorisation the values, and actively corresponded to a • support and assist owners in reusing planning consciousness: that is producing historic buildings for more residence, management conflicts, inefficient and trade, crafts and services, balancing incoherent framework for action. the trend for cultural and leisure The social economic profile of the historical activities centre (architectural reserve) is not integrated • improve outdoor public urban (few residence, low economic activity), environment and green areas defining weak urban profile and risking to produce a non reversible urban-museum • renew utilities, improve energy process. management of historical buildings, develop a sustainable accessibility Main needs are the promotion, knowledge seized to development perspectives building, dissemination and awareness raising of the outstanding heritage values, • reduction of carbon emissions and before integrating in a local sustainable update clean technologies for building development process, through strengthening heating settings of a new urban cultural economic profile with • develop cultural economy, integrated a stronger and sustainable residential in the existing vision for a European character. centre for cultural tourism, fostering dialogue between cultures and based on the existing challenging profile as Key challenges for sustainability cultural capital of the country, artistic and creative city • achieve diversity and integration of • improve conservation, management functions within the historic area as a and integration in city life of key element of sustainability, granting archaeological sites social economic dynamism and • plan communication for public quality of life, through: awareness, cultural tourism, investors, - integrated approach with the joint also through marketing synergies with contribution of appropriate Plovdiv International Fair stakeholders • capacity building of the municipality - knowledge spread among for accessing financing opportunities practitioners and decision makers
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GOTLAND, VISBY (SE)
• Improve correspondence of policies to Problem nature and needs planning for major efficiency: intensify intra municipal decision sharing and dialogue between government and The most relevant emergency in Visby is the departmental practitioners levels. conflict between summer (tourist) and winter • Clarify rules in heritage protection and (residential) use of the city and social use (e.g. defence walls and towers, economic life: 50% of buildings (and hosted municipal property state financing): activities) are used/operating only during a develop vertical coordination of (60 days) summer period. governance levels (National, County, Furthermore, the historical centre is actually Municipal) risking to be weakened by application of a • Elaborate a development strategy policy that moves out of the historical area based on the challenge to keep and administrative (municipality) and commercial further attract “central” activities in the activities (new shopping centres and malls): historical centre (administration, risking to intensify a leisure resort urban education, services, culture, profile. professionals). Consequent need is to elaborate a • Intensify the national and international sustainable plan for strengthening a year congress and scientific tourism (using round residential character (also by the existing 1.021 seats in the thematic social clustering), introduce city life congress hall and the existing 950 attractors, promote central economic hotel rooms), and extend period activities and services to residents, use during winter time (actually 25.000 labelling (best city centre 2013 etc.) guest nights per year), as generator of The new (third) Management Plan (now to be stable economic activities and promoted) for the historical urban landscape attractive events in the centre. is needed to focus on efficiency and • Promote Gotland-Visby brand, political support, into a renovated develop marketing. sustainable perspective to balance weaknesses of not sustainable tourism, low • Adapt ruins of heritage churches urban economy winter time, conservation and (state property) for winter events. use of monuments. • Incentivise economic activities to stay/come and invest, in a mixed city- core, balancing the attraction of
external commercial centres, offering Key challenges for sustainability year round jobs. • Support artisan/commercial labs in the city centre combined to residences • Strengthen year round accessibility for (wool, textile, ceramics, painters, residents (also from the rest of artists) targeting the young generation Gotland island), visitors, economic (also adopting incubator method). operators, on Baltic Sea and EU levels (Gate to Gotland, ferry services • Elaborate an energy efficiency and flight destinations). research programme (with Gotland university) concerning the built heritage and how to design a cautio us
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and sustainable heating system and transports, solid waste management, improved insulation for buildings with improve and extend district heating. high cultural value. Integrate energy • Promote information spread about performance in building regulations. building regulations. • Manage mobility (summer-winter) • Raise awareness and knowledge, aiming a sustainable perspective overcoming the paradox: development harmo nized with city centre versus conservation. strengthening, reduce energy use for
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KEDAINIAI (LT)
Baltic States and Central Europe, Via
Baltica, Rail Baltica, Problem nature and needs • Link development plans for the historical centre through synergies Important investments operated recently by with existing performing opportunities: the public sector did not obtain the aimed the Kėdainiai Industrial Park results: there are still persisting economic and companies, the priority of Kedainiai social weakness, low life profile of the old town indicated in the General Plan historical centre, lack of investors (not only of Lithuania, the urban cultural because of the actual financial/economic heritage acknowledged by the state, crises). New investments planned for the next the multicultural and multi- period, could also risk to follow such non confessional city profile (lobbying with sustainable performance and miss expected corresponding international networks). effects. Should be verified if expectations • Further develop local educational correspond and are reported to effective profile (technical, scientific and potentialities. cultural) based on existing strengths: Major constraints have been focused into an specialised education and additional uncertain legal framework (national level), a education schools (Art, Music, Sports, communication/promotional gap (low profile, languages, secondary schools, not competitive, unclear brand), missing link gymnasiums) and J. Radvila local between heritage and development faculty of Kaunas College. (strengthen integrated approach). Concentrate educational activities in the historical centre. The City needs to integrate public investments in a sustainable strategy for the • Extend the Kėdainiai Regional historical centre (missing), aimed and Museum promising performances at supported by citizens, corresponding to EU level, also promoting a City private investment potential, promoting History Museum section and a linkage between heritage values and thematic urban open air museum of development (enterprising) and focusing a built heritage. communication plan for public private • Promote a second chance policy and partnerships. assisting tool of co financing for the large number of small and medium business entities in bankrupt (for the Key challenges for sustainability crisis). • Support civic society association in • Develop accessibility and networking the historical centre. at interregional level, using existing • Plan the residential strengthening potentials such as, Baltic sea city (more residents, higher density, more networks and territorial cooperation intensive social life) of the historical programs, international thematic centre: heritage buildings turned into cultural and lobby associations, residential, new residential building in Kaunas international air port (at 50 empty plots, infrastructure for km), convenient geographic location, socialization activities, leisure and roads and railroads connecting the events.
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• Plan confirmation of existing central • Guarantee sustainable and clean functions and program concentration accessibility in the historical centre, of furthermore, strengthening supporting development plans form centrality, attracting more people, both aspects, efficient accessibility improving safety sensation, and low environmental impact for developing buying potential. quality of city life. • Organise enterprising support • Empower the existing web sites (City, seminars, program incentives for new Tourist office, Museum) adding SME business, support their English versions, connecting to networking aside the 2 commercial development opportunities and centres, facilitate their establishment cultural tourism operators. Share and in the historical centre. use a common brand.
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UTRECHT (NL)
emission in the city by the year 2030
to zero Problem nature and needs • Transport: public transport, private cars, clean mobility, parking for bikes Most of the historic buildings are not • Greatest challenge is on environment sustainable and research and development of (air quality, energy reducing and techniques for energy efficiency should be producing) adapted to protection policy rules • Develop an experimental plan for RE In the historical centre there is a parking integration and energy efficiency in a problem of bikes that are strongly used by historical urban block for neutral CO2 residents commuters and students, and perspective parked everywhere. • Proceed for demonstration projects, Prices of estate are getting higher influencing based on the results of the the social composition of residents collaboration with the Business The consistent growth of the city will intensify University Nyenrode within a network daily use of the historical centre. of cities for research and sharing knowledge, especially on Air quality of the city. Bus lanes crossing the sustainability and historic buildings. centre. • Further develop research on solar- Projects in Hoog-Catherijne with offices and thermal energy systems/ solar shopping (railway station area): evaluate the collectors on the roofs in the historic effect on the centre city, with attention to the historical Current financial situation of the city values. • Making policy for dealing with the historic buildings in Utrecht - that can
be transferred to other (Dutch and Key challenges for sustainability EU) cities. • Giving information of policy on making • Work for quality in a historic centre historic buildings sustainable, to about that is functioning well and is 1500 owners mainly of private listed buildings. attractive for shops, housing, tourism, culture, university etc. • Open perspectives to work together with social housing corporations and • Contribution of the historic centre to the main objective: reducing CO2 specific owners of historic buildings.
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SCHWAEBISCH GMUEND (DE)
• Overcome stagnation of local Problem nature and needs investments and promote integration of ethnic groups
• Strengthen neighbo urhood shopping Unbalanced social cohesion, weak locations (supporting existing and neighbourhood economy and socialization: providing new ones) supporting segregation risk residence. Built heritage alterations paid to target a low • Improve housing offer in the historical investment trend. centre (qualification, diversification), Low attractiveness of residents, services and attracting lost residents (mainly commercials for residents: 25% of historical elders) and new ones. building stock is not completely used. • Balance resident structure and social Uncertain link between heritage values structure, improve recreational - safeguard and sustainable development socialisation facilities and spaces for perspective. people meeting and acting. Major needs are to plan a renovated • Optimisation of cityscape (buildings, centrality for the historical centre and public spaces, property, green strengthen residential character and spaces). introduce integrated approach in planning • Accelerate realization of sustainability. redevelopment projects, reduce bureaucracy, link projects to rules, aim efficient decision making. Key challenges for sustainability • Improve local skills of practitioners
and public servants for quality • Fully exploit the opportunity for urban restoration and conservation, improve sustainable development of the common understanding and historical centre, represented by the collaboration with monument National Garden Exhibition 2014. department. • Raise awareness and attractiveness • Introduce energy efficiency options in of historic cityscape with trans- building regulations for the heritage regional significant architectural buildings, spread information and monuments and high-value public technical know-how, disseminate best spaces and dismissed buildings for practices. new sustainable uses. • A new traffic concept for inner city • Invert process of losing centrality, (reviewing traffic infrastructure), decline in residential population, guarantee sustainable accessibility for social segregation, gap between residents and commercial activities. protection policy of historic • Support submission to ROP priority 2, monuments and urban social of an integrated sustainable urban economic development. project.
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PEZENAS (FR)
houses/façades: cooperation with
owners, private investors and public partners (sub-district, district, Region, Problem nature and needs State level). • Develop a challenging intervention for Cours Jean Jaurès, performing an Rigid rules for historic buildings rehabilitation integrated approach based on and high costs of maintenance and participation and targeting conservation, face the low incomes of sustainability on social, economic and resident owners (despite the strong economy environmental level. This opportunity of the near touristic coasts – that is is unique for Pézenas. additionally raising building prices in Pézenas historical centre). • Support the plan for Cours Jean Jaurès by a focused communication Poor integration and link between the scheme of measures. historical protected area (the older one) and the rest of the historical centre, that is • Exploit the positive local climate of weakening social economic integration and local politicians and population, that threatening sustainability. are more aware about heritage and development issues. Need to find and create a renovated sustainable profile attractiveness, all year • Improve local mobility and access to round and strengthen urban centrality. the historical centre, promoting clean means of transport and reducing private car use. • Integrate external accessibility (high- Key challenges for sustainability speed train, airports, highway) with local transports.
• Improve Public historical space and • Most of the actions undertaken until heritage buildings Lighting, through now are punctual and singulars (not sensitive design. integrated and maybe less sustainable): Elaborate a Strategic • Improve Qualicities performance: framework for integrated approach reinforce the sustainable perspective, and sustainable performance. amplify the economic effects, improve the participation of stakeholders. • Low rent policy for craftsmen and artists workshops and shops in the • Use the results and outputs of this historical centre, to support and URBACT project as well as of protect the traditional and local know Qualicities, Med-Ecoquartiers and how and intelligence. RETS projects, for submission of integrated investment projects to ROP • Make converging plans and measures priorities. aiming to maintain social economic life in the historical centre. • Make more efficient the local decision and policy making, by better • Improve outdoor life quality, concerting and decision sharing renovating public spaces for social process. life. • Introduce energy efficiency measures • Supporting policy and incentives in building regulations, complying with helping the renovation of private heritage protection rules (work
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together with heritage bureaux), Memorandum of Understanding of accompanied by guidelines and pilot Vienna (2005). realizations. • The community must develop and • Target urban historical space quality give value to the urban space by and the integration of contemporary developing the functional and social architecture following the UNESCO diversity of its neighbourhoods in the historical centre.
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CORFU (GR)
residential abandon and investment
weakness. Problem nature and needs • Turn the degraded areas in the Historical Centre into opportunities for Missing traffic management, non integrated neighbourhood action of bottom-up visitors management: defining a non challenging participated development. sustainable touristic development. • Resolve infrastructure deficits (water, Constraints to the governance and delays in sanitation, electricity and telephone implementation of the UNESCO management network, television aerials, etc.) plan. integrating upgrade of public space (including reparation and maintenance Low life and housing quality in the historical of recently operated renovations). centre, risking alteration of social composition, segregation and economic • Plan regeneration and energy touristic monopoly. retrofitting of substandard and dilapidated buildings in the Historic General weakness in conservation of heritage Centre. monuments and buildings (excepting some few best practice cases). • Regulate and contain problems of nuisance uses in historical buildings and public areas. • Better management of the extremely Key challenges for sustainability large number of visitors during the summer months.
• Give absolute priority to restoration of • Composition and start operating of the damaged major UNESCO management committee for the monuments, fortresses, defence UNESCO management plan. fortifications, religious buildings, • Sustainable development in benefit of historical waterfronts and ports. the inhabitants and the city users • Developing and/or improving • Implementation of contemporary life monitoring mechanisms for needs in accordance with the monuments. protection of the historic centre • Develop marketing of a financing • Residents and users participation in program to define, for co financing the management of the city and investments, also through ROP, PPP and international investment • Manage the historical centre as vehicles (developers and investors development engine for the hole fairs, lobbying, international financing community. organizations, promotional networks). • Maintain and assure the central • Update the municipal website, with functions of the historical centre in the issues relevant to the protection and city. promotion of the Historic Centre. • Defend the social residential character • Develop thematic cultural networks of the historical centre and react to the and synergies for scale economies in
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management and raising of incomes carried out in the Historical Centre (museums network, churches (materials, techniques, design). network, squares network). • Prepare a high quality lighting design • Risk Evaluation, other than natural for the Historical Centre (heritage disasters, which threaten or could open spaces, the fortresses and walls, threaten the future of the Monument heritage buildings). and developing solutions to prevent • Educational campaign for awareness and deal with. on tangible and intangible heritage, • Review and radically update existing strengthening proud and sense of plans to address natural disasters belonging, civic responsibility and (earthquakes, fires, floods, climate respect for cultural values. change phenomena and expected • Study of integrated waste raise of sea level). management. • Complete the review of the current • Improvement of services to visitors, Town Plan for the historical centre, but also seek ways of the same introducing updated specific guests to contribute financially to this standards for inner city sustainable guideline. development and strengthening. • Elaborate and disseminate to practitioners and public servants, actualized standards for rehabilitation work with best energy performance,
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FAENZA (IT)
• Maximize divulgation of projects and Problem nature and needs plans to citizens, enabling participation, involvement and stronger/active citizenship. Insufficient residential use, cultural • Overcome constraints due to norms infrastructures, urban life attractors, economic (e.g. norm not clear, insufficient, activities. contradictory, excessively detailed, Strict building regulations for historical not pertinent) and, when possible, do buildings, too long procedures for obtaining not just trust general superior and results from plans and schemes. prescriptive norms but develop and deepen the norm together with the Need for creativity and flexibility project. This should turn urban plans strengthening efficiency and sustainability of for built heritage more efficient. planning • Overcome constraints due to few Need for communication measures and economic resources, maximizing the decision sharing, involving citizens and actors use of incentives (Regional, National, for major feasibility and larger positive International level) and of advanced impacts economic strategies locally adapted. • Overcome constraints of not complete citizens agreement on projects and plans, using distinguished, dedicated Key challenges for sustainability communication strategies for every operational phase (concept, program- plan, decision, implementation, use) • Plan interventions in historical and progressively target participation neighbourhoods, that are compatible through information (what) and with heritage values. involvement (how) and education • Intensify citizens participation and (who) actions. involvement. • Infrastrutture (parcheggi, viabilità, assi • Target less territorial consumption di accesso all'area) da pensare in (green fields), use existing spaces maniera coerente e omogenea, (including heritage “brown fields”). pensare ad un piano della mobilità sostenibile • Raise residential density in historical centre. • Amplify use of renewable energy • Elaborate planning tools feasible, resources and reduce Energy efficient and rapid. consumptio n. • Define standard parameters • Develop a district approach linked to (indicators) for measurements, distinguished place vocations. evidencing advantages, monitoring implementation and comparing results • Rediscover and use sustainability of with other similar experiences. traditional building techniques and their natural energy saving • Develop solutions that guarantee performances. heritage safeguard without renouncing
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energy save and renewable energies • Strengthen centrality of the historical use. centre, keep existing central and leading functions and make return • Promote mix of urban functions and such functions that in the past moved overcome traditional zoning (single in the outskirts. functioning areas).
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MELISSA (IT )
can reduce energy waste and, where
possible, photovoltaic cells. Problem nature and needs
• Resident citizens and abandoned Most part of the historical centre's buildings, buildings owners (most living in Torre at the present moment, are abandoned with Melissa) should be involved in a severe risk of radical deterioration. requalification strategy of the old Melissa’s centre. Local administration is spending lots of economic resources for temporary repairs of abandoned buildings to limit danger for • Spread information and knowledge residents and other buildings, but not with a among local administrators, about coherent and strategic restoring plan. planning and managing a coherent sustainable strategy to restore Melissa needs a strategy to restore and plan heritage and revitalize old town’s new uses for heritage buildings with the aim centre. to attract economic activities and people in the old town, strengthening a social and • Invert residents abandon process, cultural life. support new tourist and cultural enterprises, create jobs, promoting a “hosting community” profile.
Key challenges for sustainability • Improve municipal skills and capacities for achieving and managing economic resources. • Select a group of buildings in the old town for development and plan a pilot integrated project, within a sustainable • Build on the strong commitment strategy. between municipality and “Associazione Borghi Autentici
d’Italia”, to define a local development • Actively involve local stakeholders in strategy for the old town. development processes.
• Strengthen intangible cultural events, • Integrate restoration projects of commercial and services for residents heritage buildings with RES, in and visitors-hosts. particular making use of materials that
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4.3 Experiences and useful local Best and successful practice to exchange practices in partner cities. (Historicentres_Net BLS label).
TIRGU MURES (RO) Furthermore a Traffic study on the central urban area has been elaborated to tackle the Experiences and useful local practices emergence produced by the road E60 that is substantially crossing the hart of the historic The municipality developed the Local Agenda city, the central square and neighbourhoods. 21, a well participated first Local Sustainable Related to sustainability is also the recent Development Plan, on 2001, that it is locally and successful Regulation of the Local perceived as a best practice, even if limited to Council, regarding the equipment of leisure a general level approach. terraces in the historical Roses square and A further good practice and strength point is the publicity in public spaces. the “Integrated Urban Development Plan”, And also: ready to be submitted for ROP financing “Ecolect” - ecologic waste management (2010), on city level. project A potentiality to seize, consists in the General “Modernization of streets within the Urban Plan (PUG), in the process of being Municipality of Tg-Mures” – project meant to updated, that can be complementary and develop the urban infrastructure subsidiary to the URBACT sustainable “New Parks within the Municipality” – project planning performances. aiming the rehabilitation of green areas within the town districts The Noise Map of the Municipality, “Revitalization of the Medieval Citadel” – elaborated on 2009, witnesses the project meant to give the historical building a awareness for environment and life quality in new, profitable destination. the City.
Tirgu Mures, The Roses square in the beginning of the 20th century and in our days.
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PLOVDIV (BG)
Plovdiv has nearly 60 years experience in the field of territorial layouts of the Reserve. Experiences and useful local practices Actually the area has a detailed territorial layout with specific rules and norms, which comply with the specified legal protection: a Municipal plan for development of Plovdiv good basement for a sustainable Municipality- 2005-2013. management policy. General Master Plan for the town of Plovdiv The years long conservation activity achieved (until 2025), 2007. a peak during 1976-1986, when about 8 Framework Programme for the million US$ were invested. Up to 1990 a total implementation of the General Master plan of 86 houses with high value have been aiming to guarantee an integrated approach restored, many of which got also their to urban planning and development. interiors completely restored. In 1979 Plovdiv was awarded a Gold European medal for Specialised study and concept concerning “outstanding achievements in preserving the the Historic zone having the idea to develop European architectural culture”. The an underground Museum of Plovdiv based on restoration of the Ancient Theatre was the Roman heritage. acknowledged as a high achievement of the Strategy for sustainable regional Bulgarian Conservatio n school. development of the Central Southern region In 1999 Plovdiv participated to the EU in Bulgaria. program ”European month of culture”. Regional Development Operational Last years, 3 major Revival period houses in Programme for Bulgaria. the Reserve have been carefully restored by Prepared and submitted dossier to UNESCO the UNESCO/Japanese Trust Fund for inclusion of the Old Plovdiv in the list of Conservation of monuments of culture project World Heritage Sites, 2004. (including also partial restoration of 4 other properties). Some other private properties A 2003 framework proposal for sustainable have also been restored introducing new development of the architectural and historic uses. Reserve, suggested guidelines for a strategy, preserving the resources and promoting their Very recently an ad hoc working group is sustainable development. This strategy appointed by the Mayor to study the issue of launched the vision for the development of a new strategy for sustainable development Plovdiv as a European cultural tourism of the historic centre. The work is not start destination, preserving many living traditional yet, so is a good opportunity to elaborate a crafts. This plan is already outdated so there feasible strategy. is a need for a new strategic document.
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Ancient Plovdiv Municipal Institute Seat Artisan lab in old Plovdiv
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GOTLAND, VISBY (SE)
Experiences and useful local practices Revitalisation of shopping areas (development of the main square and street environments that aiming to increase the The UNESCO heritage site actual economical activity) Management Plan and plan of actions and The County Museum of Gotland (with measures was approved on 2003 and it is contemporary architecture in historic now supposed to be updated. This plan is not environment) is established in the historical completely fulfilled and well understanding of centre and performs exciting stable and missed targets should constitute the temporary exhibitions as well as cultural basement for the new plan. events. The municipal document, a Vision for 2025. In front of the city walls to the sea, large Strategy at county level for tourism 2007- contemporary buildings host the Library and 2013, a regional development program. the University, bringing fresh life in the city. Master plan Visby 2009, including Good practice in private and public sustainability approaches, and Building maintenance of historical buildings. conservation regulation 2010, that is not The newly constituted Urban Development performing energy efficiency for buildings. Department. Pedestrian areas, successfully realized in Project for equipped Green areas external to commercial streets. fortifications, in the buffer zone. Improved accessibility, with summer traffic Project to equip St. Nicolas ruined church for control and restrictions. concerts (already performing open air District heating, operating for 2/3 of the events). historical centre, to be extended. Project for rehabilitation of Stora Torget square and St. Katarina church ruins 2009.
Visby, Almedals biblioteket. Virby, Adelsgatan commercial street.
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KEDAINIAI (LT)
“Reconstruction of Akademija Secondary School” (this project is an energy saving Experiences and useful local practices project) “Reconstruction of the building of The “Kėdainiai District strategic development Kindergarten “Vaikystė” plan for the period up to 2015”, is considered “Reconstruction of the building of by the City as sustainable. The plan of Kindergarten “Pasaka” actions of Kėdainiai Municipality, every three years, is based on this strategic development “Reconstruction of Janušava street” plan (priorities and means). Each year “Reconstruction of Josvainiai street” Kėdainiai District Municipality’s plan of actions is updated, the newest one is the plan “Stage I of the Nemunas River Watershed of actions for the period 2010-2012. The Investment Program” (the networks of water plans include: supply and sewages) “Adapting the infrastructure of Kėdainiai Old “Stage II of the Nemunas River Watershed Town, Park and Babėnai pinewood forest to Investment Program” (the networks of water tourism, restoratio n of the Butcher’s house, supply and sewages) reconstruction of the Minaret and equipment “Reconstruction of the Therapy Block of the of the bicycle traffic roads” Public Institution Kėdainiai Hospital” “Preparation of the Special Plan of dislocation “Development of the Water Supply Systems of recreational and tourism objects” and Sewages in Kėdainiai” “Development of Kėdainiai Historical Centre Historical Centre Development is included in Public Active Recreational Tourism the General City Plan. Infrastructure” Kėdainiai was the leading partner in the “Development of Kėdainiai Historical Centre “Europe for Citizens” Program: “Friendship Public Cultural Tourism Infrastructure” Bridges 2008”. In 2004-2005 Kėdainiai “The creation of Kėdainiai regional tourism Region Museum participated in one-year information system and the tourism friendly project: “Chi:Kho – the Cultural Heritage in image plan” the Interactive Way”. The museum participated in the project as a partner. The “Reconstruction of Kėdainiai City Stadium project was organized and financed by the and Equipment of the Football and Other European Union as a part of the Program Sports Grounds and Parking Lots near the “Culture 2000”. The project “We travel in Stadium” Europe” was submitted for the competition of “Reconstruction of M. Daukša Public Library” perennial projects www.tieproject.eu (Kėdainiai was a partner) in the program “Culture 2000”. “Reconstruction of “Atžalynas” Secondary School” (this project is an energy saving There is no specific strategic plan for the project) historical core area of the city, but the municipality elaborated a feasibility study for “Reparation of the Town Hall Court” Kėdainiai old town tourism development.
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Kedainiai, entrance in the historical centre from the commercial centre area.
Kedainiai, new building in the historical centre.
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UTRECHT (NL)
city profile, partly also for Heritage policy,
visioning Utrecht as City of knowledge and Experiences and useful local practices culture.
City level Historical centre level
There is the recent Zoning plan, 2010, for the historic centre on functions and building A discussion document, Vision historic regulations, that is very detailed and centre, of 2007 (Discussienota), was integrating, on functioning of buildings and implemented amongst others with the zoning areas (living, shopping, restaurants, plan. museums, university etc.), maintaining historic buildings, environmental and In 2008 and 2009 an integrated policy has sustainable aspects, traffic and parking, but is been developed for the historic centre, which not a strategic plan on sustainability. lead to a very detailed plan ('bestemmingsplan binnenstad'= the zoning It is an integrated plan, dealing with plan) on functioning of buildings and areas functioning of the centre. It's also an (living, shopping, restaurants, museums, important instrument for heritage policy and university etc.), maintaining historic buildings, environment. environmental and sustainable aspects, traffic Although the planning instruments differ in and parking. the different countries, we think it is can be used as best practice. A project that has been realised partly is the reconstruction of canals that were filled up A Policy plan is called 'Utrecht in the '60 and '70. One of the reasons of creates/makes new energy', CO2 neutral reconstruction is to cope with the in 2030, made last year and the consequences of climate changes, making implementation programme in 2009. The more room for rivers and digging the canals most important aim is to make the city CO2- again. neural in 2030. The city is striving for a 75.000 tons CO2 reduction already by 2012. Together with research partners the The programme includes clean mobility, municipality is already working on making stimulating public transport and reducing historic buildings more sustainable. Historic private cars transport in the city. buildings have been examined on their use of A good practice is also the heritage plan of energy and on the possibilities of improving Utrecht since the early '90's, esp. the long the efficient use of energy, maintaining term aims to improve the quality of 1000 historic windows and roofs and roof listed buildings in about 15 years. constructions. The research started with municipal owned historic buildings and now Sustainable (new) building has been part of the so called Paushuize of the province. In the city policy already over 10 years, also 2010 the research should ne now extended to including sustainability in new university-buildings and churches (the neighbourhoods (esp. Leidsche Rijn) in cathedral, canonical churches and three regeneration areas. The new program targets former parish-churches) in the historic part of sustainability for governmental offices and the city. municipal owned buildings including schools. In the historic centre the City is now also working on 'warm/cold storage'. Energy from The General strategic plan ('Structuurvisie') heat in the summer can be stored in the for 2015 defines the priorities and the future ground and be used in the winter, and vice
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versa, without destroying underground exchange of knowledge. Examples of archaeological values. measures are green busses, public bikes and low-emission zone for freight traffic in the Best practices Utrecht: centre
Involvement: partner Policy on heritage and environment, zoning plan, district heating, bio washing machine, energetic future value research of historic EU-program: Interreg IIIB Northwest Europe buildings. Duration: 2002-2006
Project name: Crossing the lines EU projects: Topic: sustainable redevelopment of former EU-program: Interreg IVB NWE defence lines by developing new restoration techniques (esp. brick restoration and climate Duration: 2008-2012 control) as well as use of sustainable Project name: Portico energies. Topic: making archaeological heritage visible Involvement: Lead partner - at the Dom square - with new methods and techniques, part of urban development of the historic centre EU projects also: Involvement: Lead partner Energie Citiés see: http://www.energy-cities.eu/ EU-program: FP7 Mimosa Eurocities see: Duration: 2008-2012 http://www.eurocities.eu/main.php New URBACT TN CASH on energy for social Project name: Mimosa, Making Innovation ho using see: in Mobility and Sustainable Actions http://urbact.eu/en/projects/low-carbon-urban- Topic: sustainable transport in cities by environments/cash/partner/?partnerid=452 implementing innovative measures and
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Utrecht, leisure along canals. Utrecht, energy policy promotion.
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SCHWAEBISCH GMUEND (DE)
Experiences and useful local practices Leisure park concept (under elaboration) Various preparatory assessments of redevelopment areas (current analysis under Land-use plan, landscape plan, national elaboration) competition energy-efficient town, local agenda 21 Inventory (very detailed description) of heritage- protected buildings (1995, 2003, In process: strategy paper to intensify 2009), integration report, integration concept business location; research study on the housing market; various expert reports (e.g. Redevelopment areas of the historical centre: distribution of service space, amusement Nordwestliche Altstadt and Südöstliche parks), integration report, integration concept. Altstadt National Garden Exhibition 2014 with Back to the centre – new living in historical interventions in the historical area, City- context: Joint initiatives, Rinderbachergasse Renewal-Project and Green-Project and Marktplatz 27/31 “Landesgartenschau Schwäbisch Gmünd 2014”, (investment volume approx. € 65.6 mn without private investments), bypass road B “Die alte Stadt e.V.” (The old town / 29 (tunnel, investment volume approx. € 250 Registered society) www.alte-stadt.de mn) The „Working Group - Die alte Stadt e.V.“ is integration advisory council. dedicated to the development and conservation of the urban lifestyle as well as Concept for the development of inner city urban development basis through science (2007) The concept includes important and municipal practice. About 100 member- aspects of inner city planning: traffic, cities with historical building stock from redevelopment areas, historical monument Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Italy are protection (but no integrated approach) using the working group. Traffic concept for inner city (from 2006 until today)
Schwaebisch Gmuend, cleaning service in the historical centre.
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Schwaebisch Gmuend, National Garden exhibition 2014, projects around the historical centre.
Schwaebisch Gmuend, heritage building rehabilitation.
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PEZENAS (FR)
sustainable development and share its Experiences and useful local practices experiences with other high schools in the Region. Plan Local d'Urbanisme (town planning and The successful experience for economic rules). revitalisation of city centre, “Ville de metiers d’art”. The City is involved in the “Qualicities” Project (Interreg IIIC), promoting a self Commission “Cœur de Ville” (2Heart of the evaluation of public policy for sustainable City” Comity) working with the inhabitants. development of historical cities, to reach a The use of the brand “Moliere city”. label for sustainable development in historic centre. “Mirondela del Arts”, summer festival to promote the local culture and craftsmanship. Pézenas was also leader of the “Med- The renovation concept for Cours Jean Ecoquartiers” project (Interreg IIIB Medocc) Jaurès and Rue Anatole France, to create a on sustainable development of urban public space for everybody. neighbourhoods and is participating “RETS Policy in favour of craftsmen, policy to Community, Renewable Energies Transfer support the ho usings renovation (OPAH). System” project (Interreg4C) with main objective to facilitate the deployment of Collaboration with SICTOM and the coherent and value added strategic Communauté d’Agglomération, to use renewable energy policies. heritage opportunities as economic development factors. The City also started implementing the Local Pézenas is part of an association of French Agenda 21 approach. Cities with a historic protected area and Project of building ex nihilo an eco-quarter in worked on the subject of "patrimony, Saint Christole. preservation and sustainable development" inside the team working. The national low “loi Malraux” http://www.loimalraux.org for taxing benefits of New public transport to the coast (Agde) and restoration costs. inside the city with a bus with no CO2 emission. “Plan de Sauvegarde et de Mise en Valeur” (historic protected area rules with tax Buried waste container in the historic centre, decrease as financial support) near co ncentration of restaurants. Housing Improvement and Urban Renewable Buried electrify lines when renovation a Scheme, under the sub-district to support street. financially the restoration of façades or Traffic and parking scheme with new traffic renovation of housing in historic centre. organisation and rules to reduce private cars Renovation under development of the in the city. historical "Petit Théâtre", to aim a cultural Light Traffic Scheme, for foot and bike paths. focus in the city. Use of the natural heated water of the spring Traditional and growing organic food market for the city outdoor swimming pool and using with local producers every week in the the heat produced to heat the sport/ gym historical centre. rooms of the adjacent high school. Regional network "Lycée 21" to develop actions by high school students for a
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Pézenas, arts and crafts in the medieval town. Pézenas, solid waste underground collectors in the medieval town.
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CORFU (GR)
On historic centre level Experiences and useful local practices A further good practice and strength point, through ROP (2000-2006), measure “Integrated Urban Development Plan” was The redaction of the Management Plan in the the reconstruction of “Tenedos Area”, year 2005, anticipated the historic centre’s reconstruction of “Lemonia” Square, renewal nomination as a UNESCO’s World Heritage of the areas Evraiki - Spilia, renewal of the Site. Porta Remounda area and an extensive The main aims of the Management Plan are program of restorations of building facades. defined as follows: To promote sustainable management of Also the “Corfu old town centre the proposed World Heritage Site; renovation” project: It includes upgrading To ensure that the unique values of the and development of road network, Site are understood and are sustained in the underground utilities renovation, public future; spaces upgrade, and the funding was from To maintain and promote Corfu as a EFTA. living and working city which will benefit from The most important policy and project was its status “Cycle Network in the town of Corfu” that as a World Heritage Site; was funded from the OPERATIONAL To improve the town’s functional PROGRAM RAILWAYS – AIRPORTS – efficiency, and thus to create the conditions PUBLIC TRANSPORT. For the sustainable for all people to development of Corfu town, the objective of enjoy and understand the Site; this project was to develop a cycle path To develop public interest and network within the urban fabric of the city to involvement in the heritage of Corfu, thus enhance the quality of life of residents, the promoting local, reduction of car use and an increase in the national and international awareness of use of alternative forms of mobility. The the Site’s management. intervention was based either on existing pavement delineation or the widening of Good practices : pavements. It is obvious that they allowed a wider regeneration of the open spaces which On City level is very important for the cyclist and for the city. The widening of the sidewalks are an Through ROP (2000-2006) was the important aesthetic intervention for the city. redevelopment of the internal road of the The bicycle is the prospect of redevelopment. Mandouki area, the lighting of main streets, The introduction of the bicycle and the construction of pedestrian areas on the reconstruction of the road space are two roads, Samara and Al. Desylla. interrelated objectives. Cycling is an Furthermore a Traffic study on the city area important tool in a strategy that raises the has been elaborated to tackle : question of the fate of the city as a historical monument. The reconstruction of the road for 1. the problem of traffic both in the historic the bike, also contributes to pedestrians centre and throughout the city, and safety, to the environment quality, to the city’s 2. parking facilities outside the historic life quality and the economic development. centre.
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Good practice may also considered the 3. Program : MED program, Project: experience that has been developed by the C.U.L.T.U.R.E. Municipality’s Old Town Office, which is Project duration: 2009 - 2011 staffed with appropriate technical and scientific staff and manages most of the Topic tackled by the project : Networking of issues relating to the monument. UNESCO cities Involvement : Partner Other EU projects: 4. Program : CULTURE 2007 - 2013, Project: FOS Lighting Designers for 1. Program RECITE Regions and Cities Historic Urban for Europe, Project : REBUILD Landscape Project duration: 1992-1999 Topic tackled by the project : Renewable Project duration: 2009 - 2011 Energies for Buildings in European Cities with Topic tackled by the project: Lightning Historical Centres designers and built heritage stakeholders Involvement : Leader from four UNESCO heritage European centers built a partnership to tackle on 2. Program :INTERREG IIIB CADSES, interdisciplinary base the emerging artistic Project : Fortresses and Stately houses and cultural question of quality and respectful Project duration: 2007 - 2009 lightning design for historical urban landscapes. Topic tackled by the project : Compatible reuse of historic buildings as a tool for the Involvement : Leader creative management of historic sites Involvement : Partner
Corfu, Faliraki rehabilitated coast and buildings (front left).
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FAENZA (IT)
implemented within the "Hist.Urban" Experiences and useful local practices InterregIIIB CADSES project, through environmental and energy sustainability analysis for interventions on the built 2009, “PSC” Piano Strutturale Comunale - heritage, the title was: "the Strategic Plan City Structural Plan (addresses for urban turns Sustainable”. An English book of this sustainability). plan is available. 1998, “PRG” Piano Regolatore Generale - Project of sustainable mobility by public General Physical Planning (bioclimatic bicycles (stock and parking of 70 bikes for incentives). public use) 2004, "Piano strategico per il centro storico" - Project for the monitoring of the air quality, Strategic Plan for the Historical Centre, a plan the water consumption, the quantity of the of address, analysis and guidelines for the waste called "dashboard of sustainability". historical centre (including data and knowledge, statistics, synthesis and Project for new pavement of main streets and evaluations, project concepts, mobility squares of the historical centre. measures, ideas, rules to promote). Project for regulation of private cars parking 2008, the Strategic Plan for the Historical and pedestrian areas. Centre was further developed and
Faenza, Piazza del Popolo open air market. Public bicycles
Restored façade with ceramics. Historicentres_Net Baseline Study May 2010 PAG. 74
MELISSA (IT )
"Intelligent Towns" (planning a strategy to Experiences and useful local practices introduce the utilisatio n of renewable energies in the old town: public lighting, energy distribution net in the town). At the present moment there are no concrete actions carried out towards a sustainable Reutilisation of “Palazzo Ferrari”, an old development of the old town. historical building, once belonging to a noble family of Melissa: the ground floor has been Nonetheless the local municipality has started restored to become the Museum of Wine; the to plan an integrated development project, first floor has been restored and now it is working together with "Associazione Borghi used as conference hall for public events Autentici d'Italia", which is called "Hospitable organised by Melissa's municipality. Community", with main aim to create widespread tourist facilities all around the old “Piazza del Popolo” enlargement town. Restoration of Melissa’s Castle surrounding "Hospitable Community" interconnect also area with two other BAI's projects that Melissa is “Palazzo Rossi” restoration looking forward to carry out, "Urban Renaissance" (restore historical buildings “Palazzo Politi” restoration making use of renewable energies, materials Melissa’s old olive-press restoration to reduce energy waste and that are sustainable towards the environment) and
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4.4 Local Action Plan perspectives
TIRGU MURES (RO)
Tirgu Mures, LAP area.
The LAP focus for dedicated sustainability Actions to undertake with the LAP Making the historic centre known outside Create a working team and skill the capacity Tirgu Mures, attracting national and within the Local Public Authority to govern a international interest, investors and visitors, sustainable future for the historic centre, identifying a brand for the town developing the organising capacity of the Public Authorities to protect, control and Understanding, interpreting and promoting maintain the urban heritage the existing heritage values and potentials of the historic centre Develop a good communication allying the Public Authority and civil society Improve governance such as to guarantee integrated synergies for safeguard and Elaborate a Sustainable Strategy that puts in development of heritage buildings value the potentials of the historic centre To preserve and further develop the mixed Identify clear policies, regulations, norms, functioning character of the historic centre: measures to develop and promote the values built heritage, cultural life, economic social of the historical centre activities, residential core and administrative centrality
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Identify and prioritize the actions that can be The LSG and stakeholders developed during project’s timeline using other f unds The LSG is established on January 2010, based on a previous experience for a similar
project and also to the local Agenda 21 Expected results for the LAP area legacy. The LSG met twice, on March 12 and Strengthening and balancing the roles of the on March 24, 2010. historic centre area – historic, cultural, economic, administrative, residential - by: The LSG is composed:
• Preserving the multicultural character of • Csegzi Sandor, Deputy Mayor, the city centre Municipality of Tirgu-Mures. • Sustainable development of enterprising • Mihet Daniela Florina, chief architect, within the historical centre Municipality of Tirgu-Mures. • Ibolya Szanto, consultant - • Increasing the social welfare and International Grant Project's economic income of the residents within Department, Municipality of Tirgu- the historic centre Mures. • Development of the sense of belonging, • Dumitru Luiza, Head of Urbanism, identity and pride of its citizens Territory Arrangement and Urban Data Administration Department, • A sustainable environment in order to Municipality of Tirgu-Mures. increase tourists number, cultural • Goicovici Coralia, Urban planner, activities and the attractiveness for living Municipality of Tirgu-Mures. in the historic centre • Man Eugen, Technical specialist in • Sustainable and performing accessibility architecture, Municipality of Tirgu- Mures. • Efficient energy resource use within the • Keresztes Geza, Architecture office. historical centre • Raus Adriana, Architecture office. • Soos Zoltan, Director of the County Museum. The ROP opportunities • Orban Janos, County Museum, Museologist. The City is looking forward to work for • Hajdu Zoltan, Focus Eco Centre, elaborating LAP outputs corresponding under NGO. ROP “Central Region” Priority Axis nr. 1: • Varga Istvan, Civitas Nostra, NGO. Supporting the sustainable development of • Csortan Ilona, County Council, Chief the cities – urban poles of growth, Measure Architect. 1.1 - Integrated urban development plans or • Csortan Ferenc, County Department Priority Axis nr. 5: Sustainable Development of Culture, Cults and Patrimony, and Promotion of Tourism, Measure 5.1. Director. Sustainable restoration and valorisation of the cultural heritage; creation and modernization of the related infrastructure
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Members of Tg. Mures LSG in the fortress museum
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PLOVDIV (BG)
Plovdiv, LAP area.
The LAP focus for dedicated sustainability Actions to undertake with the LAP
Contribute and support the development of Plan and open an “integrated assistance the Reserve as a “European cultural centre” bureau” for building restoration and (the existing local vision), but in the enterprising in the old town owners/investors, framework of a sustainable policy for parallel practitioners and developers. strengthening of residential and mixed character. Identify and spread information in the LAP area, of existing schemes for low interest Improve governance (better skills and loans, fiscal incentives, SME programmes stronger voice for Ancient Plovdiv Municipal (also using the existing Old Plovdiv web site). Institute) and decision making efficiency Elaborate a strategy for strengthening a (more quality political concern), involving mixed function profile prioritising residence local stakeholders and communities in and economic activities. Include a specific understanding needs and sketching action for regeneration drivers: creative (reforming) policy together. industries and cultural enterprises.
Connect promotion of cultural heritage Support municipal departments for a new (=attract more visitors) with marketing for sustainable mobility and accessibility in Old investments (developments-building Plovdiv, for public spaces quality and for a restorations, enterprising, funding). sustainable solid waste collect and management. Keep and further extend the functions Develop schemes for historical buildings (still defining “centrality” in the reserve using coal heating) for energy efficiency and (administration, education, culture, religion) RE integration. supported by a sustainable accessibility.
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Develop a fast track Pilot Action to be carried visitors, investors and workers with the aim to out through the project lifecycle, for the foster the competitiveness of Plovdiv ) reintroduction of traditional crafts in the LAP Measure nr 1.2.:Title: Housing policy area (ceramics, textile, wood, art products). (Rehabilitation and restoration of historic Promotional and marketing performances in cultural heritage properties, taking account of joint venture with the Plovdiv International the need to improve the energy efficiency in Fair. compliance with Directive 2002/91/ЕС) Measure nr 1.4.: Title: Improvement of the physical setting and risk prevention (Relevant Expected results for the LAP area operation in terms of the necessity for improvement of the physical setting near the Through the partnership with the MA of ERDF historic sites and buildings, which are in co funding, launch integrated interventions on abundance in the historic centre of Plovdiv) buildings and archaeological sites. Capitalize knowledge and competence in • Priority axis nr 3.: Title: Sustainable fundraising for the heritage LAP area (as well development of tourism (Aims to for the historical buffer zone). develop the tourist product in Improve number and quality of visitors, economically and ecologically building a destination more attractive and sustainable way) challenging profile. Met visitor needs for Measure nr 3.1. Improvement of the tourist services, information, comfort and safety. attractions and the related infrastructure Intensify and qualify conservation activity, (Plovdiv is excluded as "developed tourist combat physical decay of heritage properties area", yet the operational programme states (buildings, public spaces, archaeological that these areas will not be deprived of sites). funding) Make accessible best practices, supporting Measure nr 3.2 Title: Development of the disadvantaged heritage property owners turn regional tourist product and marketing of the into good maintenance. destinations. Achieve greater overall vitality and vibrancy in the LAP area. The LSG and stakeholders
Improve governance and management system for the LAP area, transfer to other The Plovdiv LSG is based on a previous heritage cities. experience within the project "Branding Plovdiv", carried out in partnership with the British Council. The URBACT LSG built on February 2010, The ROP opportunities met until now twice, elaborating the questionnaires and composing an umbrella The Plovdiv LAP looks forward to structure, including larger focus groups under deliver/support actions and measures each member. corresponding the ROP 2007-2013 priorities: The LSG is composed:
• Priority axis nr.1: Title: Sustainable • Arch. Galya Krasteva, Ancient Plovdiv and integrated urban development. Municipal Institute Measure nr.1.1.:Title: Social infrastructure • Ivan V. Kolev, hospitality business (The measures for the development of a representative sustainable, integrated, historic centre of the • Arch. Maria Bojanova, freelance town of Plovdiv, attractive for the citizens, architect
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• Slavka Baldzhieva, Representative of • Diana Vaneva, Directorate European the Union of craftsmen programmes and projects, Plovdiv • Arch. Violeta Raeva, National Institute Municipality for the Immovable Cultural Heritage • Maria Pancheva, Directorate • Elena Krivoshieva, Art restorer European programmes and projects, • Rayna Mlekanova, Master of Plovdiv Municipality conservation and restoration of • Rumyana Proykova, architect restorer artefacts, Restorers’ atelier • Fanny Boykova, lecturer, Plovdiv • Konstantin Madzharov, President of university Paissiy Hilendarski the Vine and Wine Chamber • Vesela Ilieva, Director, Ancient • Mark Anthony Chesner, Vine and Plovdiv Municipal Institute Wine Chamber • Petya Peytcheva, Ancient Plovdiv • Arch. Nevena Uzunova, chief expert Municipal Institute Central District, Plovdiv Municipality • Lyubozar Fratev, Municipal Council • Georgi Selenski, Landscape architect, for Tourism Director Territory Planning • Alexander Sekulov, restaurant Directorate, Plovdiv Municipality manager
Plovdiv 25th April 2010, LSG meeting with LE
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GOTLAND, VISBY (SE)
Gotland, Visby LAP area.
The LAP focus for dedicated sustainability Actions to undertake with the LAP Protect the World Heritage Site by a statutory plan and secure by high-quality maintenance. Produce contributions for the revision process Support a new efficient and sustainable of the Management Plan, improving the Management Plan, safeguarding centrality.
Launch international cooperation for a Creative City brand, inspiring/attractive for existing sustainable performances and new residents, activities and visitors. introducing updated options. Join efforts and plan sustainable perspective “Sweden’s best city centre 2013” (participate for an economically active city all year round. to the Competition) with the project: A living Make trust to the local characteristics and inner City by balancing the relationship potentials to strengthen international between tourism and residents. economic competitiveness. Support a new mobility plan (accessibility, public transports, clean vehicles, pedestrian areas, parking exchangers).
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Awareness campaign for shopkeepers and To be considered the Baltic Sea Region assistance for high quality goods, and all year Program 2007-2013 for territorial cooperation, round business. as reference: Communication and information actions for Priority 1: Fostering innovations across the citizens and owners on historical building Baltic Sea Region regulations, energy efficiency and improved Priority 2: Improving internal and external district heating. accessibility
Priority 3: Management of the Baltic Sea as a common resource Expected results for the LAP area Priority 4: Promoting attractive and competitive cities and regions
Stimulate better accessibility from the Baltic The Regional Operational Program 'Småland countries and from EU, year round. and the Islands' (approved on 9 August Support strengthening of congress tourism, 2007), for Småland med Öarna region, is combining new cultural events and stronger under the M.A. Swedish Agency for economic life. Economic and Regional Growth, in Contribute to invert the trend for summer-use Jönköping. of houses in the historical centre and avoid the process towards a resort city. The programme seeks to create 1200 new businesses and 4200 new jobs and to create Strengthen sustainable year round economic a well-coordinated system for public activities and more stable jobs (not seasonal). transports in the region. The main aim of the Better usability of public spaces, support is, however, to invest in measures intensification of city life along commercial that: streets, venue and event centre for residents. • increase access to employment, Introduce sustainable and efficient recreational activities, education, accessibility of the centre. information and communication Convince decision makers correcting the technology (ICT) and innovation policy for transfer of central functions from the • renew the business sector in the historical centre to the external areas. region by providing measures for clusters and networks. Better integrate the city life to the countryside life, including more synergies and Priority 1: Accessibility interdependencies. Priority 2: Innovation and entrepreneurship Combine local traditional techniques to high technologies for sustainable restorations and The majority of actions to undertake with the refurbishments aiming energy efficiency and Gotland-Visby LAP correspond to ROP CO2 emissions reduction. priorities. Improve vertical governance for better heritage protection and sustainable integration in social economic city life. The LSG and stakeholders
The ROP opportunities The Gotland-Visby URBACT LSG is constituted on March 2010, is based on existing and performing experiences for the (Must be processed and decided at political historical centre management plan and met level.) once on April 7, 2010, collaborating with the lead expert defining the questionnaires before and during the city visit.
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• Lars Thomsson, Visby World Heritage The LSG is composed: Board, chairman • Lars Grönberg, Planning department • Mats Jansson, Tourism association • Göran Örtbrant, Real estate Magnus Larsson, Visby Centrum association • Kjell Asplund, Visby Centrum • Birger Andersson, DBW Civic trust Lars Sjösvärd, Gotland’s Museum • Tor Sundberg, County administration • Petter Engström, Regional office development dptmnt • Tor Broström, Gotland University
Visby, Mr Gronberg, discuss with the LSG on April 7, 2010 the historical centre challenges.
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KEDAINIAI (LT)
Kedainiai LAP area.
improve energy efficiency of buildings,
concentrate central functions and activities, The LAP focus for dedicated sustainability
promote new building with challenging quality Improve integrated approach and efficiency architecture. performance of public investments, contribute Define guidelines and suggestions to support to a better climate for enterprising, use sustainable and integrated development and incentives. implementation of synergic integrated Combat legal framework incertitude and projects (detail plans) for built heritage conflicts, with convincing, concrete, Contribute to a sustainable mobility for convenient and feasible local plans and accessibility to the historical centre, integrate assistance for investors. the bicycle network connecting the centre to Develop a communication policy for urban the outskirts and hinterland attractors, marketing, targeting strategic partners. introduce clean public local transport. Start up of a help desk for culture and cultural Actions to undertake with the LAP tourism enterprises integrated to social services
Import and disseminate knowledge to Define the framework for a management practitioners for quality, respectful strategy ensuring sustainable perspective for conservation of built heritage (reduce use of the historical centre: strengthen residential inappropriate materials and components) character, promote mixed use of buildings,
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Define a brand and a communication plan, measure Nr. VP-3-1.3-ŪM-05-R shared at local stakeholders level and create “Development of public tourism infrastructure synergies with existing communication tools. and services in the regions” measure No. VP3-1.4-AM-04-R “Improvement of the condition of the water Expected results for the LAP area reservoirs”
Generalize a positive effect on business The LSG and stakeholders sector as a legacy of the LAP implementation The Kedainiai URBACT LSG was established Accelerate economic development of the Old on February 24, 2010. town in a long term perspective Date of the meetings: May 20, 2010, and Reduce air and noise pollution, especially in April 2, 2010. the framework of foreseen development performances The LSG is composed:
Maturate a refreshed effect on social • Egidijus Grigaitis - Director of the environment and social interacting in the General Department of Kėdainiai historical centre District Municipality Administration. Promote the fairs program for the years 2010- • Vytautas Kundrotas - Head of the 2013, launch the „Flee market“ and Flower + Department of Architecture and Fruit + Antique market in the Old Town Urbanisation of Kėdainiai District Municipality Administration Optimize the mobility infrastructure of the city • Rimantas Žirgulis - Director of avoiding negative impacts by realization of Kėdainiai Area Museum pedestrian areas in the historical centre, • Viridijana Paulikienė - Director of integrating sustainable transport means Kėdainiai Center of Tourism and (more public transport, cycling and Information pedestrian, and less private car) • Margarita Rukšienė – Senior Resolve pollution problems of Nevėžis river specialist of the Department of and develop a successful old city – river Architecture and Urbanisation of interface as an added value and development Kėdainiai District Municipality accelerator of the “the port of Nevėžis” plan Administration • Stasys Nekrašas – Representative of Kėdainiai city community, a pensioner The ROP opportunities • Tomas Valevičius – Representative of Kėdainiai city community, a business person The LAP deliverables and expected effects to • Egidijus Kriščiūnas - Representative local policies are tailored for the ROP 2007- of Kėdainiai city community, a 2013 priority co funding: business person, director of Priority 1: “Local and urban development, „Fortera“Ltd. saving cultural heritage and nature and • Petras Labeckis – Director of adaptation of the cultural heritage and nature Kėdainiai Music School to tourism.” • Violeta Liutkienė – Director of „Šviesioji“Gymnasium measure No. VP3-1.3-ŪM-01-V “Creation and development of the infrastructure favourable • Algirdas Juknevičius – Specialist of to ecologic tourism, recreation and health” Kėdainiai Area Museum • Vytautas Nargelavičius – Specialist of measure No. VP3-1.3ŪM-02-V “Complex Kaunas territorial division of Cultural adjustment of the public immovable objects of Heritage Department, shareholder of cultural heritage to tourism” „Kėdainių restauratoriai“Ltd.
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• Mantas Petrulis - Representative of • Jūratė Gružauskienė – Lecturer of the Kėdainiai city community, a business French Language of Jonušas Radvila person Faculty of Kaunas College • Rimvydas Raščiauskas - • Eglė Mikalauskaitė, head specialist of Representative of Kėdainiai city strategic planning and investment community, Chairman of the Board of section of Kėdainiai District Administration of Kėdainiai District Municipality Administration. Consumers‘Cooperative Society
Kedainiai LSG meeting on April 2, 2010
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UTRECHT (NL)
Utrecht, LAP area.
The LAP focus for dedicated sustainability Elaborate additional policy on heritage and historical environment sustainability, also
supporting a strategy delivery for Strengthen existing positive performance of sustainability of the historical centre: economic development of the historical centre Define and disseminate possibilities for energy use reduction in the historical centre. Produce added values with energy efficiency Research and demonstration project measures for heritage buildings. elaboration on warmth/cold ground storage in the historical centre Plan and implement projects in the historical Develop guidelines for amongst others centre, contributing to the main objective: isolating historic buildings and using solar reducing CO2 –emission in the city by the passive and active systems. Elaborate year 2030 to zero solutions for energy production in the historical centre, with attention to the heritage values and conservation rules Actions to undertake with the LAP Integrated approach and guidelines for owners and practitioners, of making historic buildings more sustainable. Communication actions. Historicentres_Net Baseline Study May 2010 PAG. 88
Making a priority list of strategic targets to • Measure n°: 1.3 Stimulating fulfil and indicators to use. technological, environmental Expected results for the LAP area innovations Priority axis n°: 3.1 Improving the business climate Correspond expectations of the new local • Measure n°: 3.2 Improving living political program since March 2010 climate 1.1. Tourism is one of the emerging rapidly Build on a positive condition framework of growing clusters that determine the historical centre well functioning, preserved competitive position of Utrecht. Especially the and attractive. historic city is a place for tourists, with 2.8 Vertical synergies between successful recent million visitors per year. This is good for the initiatives of sustainability (local, regional, local economy but is also a burden for historic national) sites to preserve. The number of inhabitants in the centre was very low around 1970, but Deepen and further advance collaboration in the last decades it is stable and recently with University research centres has increased, up to 12.000 and the Strategic plan for the historical centre popularity of living in the centre has grown, following the Zoning Plan and the Discussion despite it is difficult to find good and Document. affordable housing. 1.3 Pressure on the environment in Utrecht Produce further interfering policy on and the Randstad impedes further economic sustainability and heritage growth. Energy-efficient innovations such as Promote energy saving and producing combined heat and power (CHP) and energy programs with institutio nal owners of management need to be studied and historical buildings implemented to improve air-quality and the living environment. Historic buildings are Reusing existing buildings, making ‘energetic mostly energy unfriendly and this URBACT future values’ project will assess and promote possibilities Disseminate knowledge of making historical to restore in a sustainable way. buildings sustainable, with attention to the 3.1 In the ROP the priorities are to historic values improve the links between inner cities and business urban areas, neighbourhood Contribute integrating and using existing and economy, renovated or new urban facilities new knowledge (including premises) and the potential of the New infrastructure for public transport; combination of the neighbourhood economy Initiatives for more sustainable mobility; and recreational economy. This has clear Quality of public transport links with Historicenter.Net on functions of the historic centre (economy, recreation, Encourage investments of the owners for business) and renovation of premises and maintaining and reusing buildings. In the historic centres these are Attract financial support by the state and the mainly monuments, to renovate in a province sustainable way. 3.2 The central aim of this axis is that people
and companies are bound to the city so that The ROP opportunities the vitality of the city is maintained. This requires investment in the living climate: The Managing Authority is creating and maintaining attractive living Ontwikkelingsbedrijf in Rotterdam (OBR) and conditions, ensuring sufficient urban facilities the ROP priorities that will be corresponded and guaranteeing a safe and clean to Utrecht LAP deliverables are: environment. In this URBACT project will be Priority axis n°: 1.1 Reinforcing rapidly exchanged and assessed such perspectives. growing clusters
The LSG and stakeholders
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- Mrs. Ieke Benschop Meetings in March with individual LSG- Gemeente Utrecht/ Municipality of Utrecht, partners, permitted to compose a promising Office for Urban Planning group, that met on March 30, 2010. - Mrs Marjon van Caspel, accountmanager historic centre The members of this LSG are: - Mr. Cees van der Vliet and mr. Arno Harting, Department Environment and Hogeschool Utrecht, Higher professional Sustainability education - Mr. Raymond Bijen, mr. Henk Jansen, - Mrs. Erlijn Eweg, senior project mr. Richard Rodenburg, mr. Edsard manager, Nature and Technique, Kylstra, Department Urban planning sustainability and heritage - Mr. Kees Gevers, senior researcher, Gemeente Utrecht/ Municipality of Utrecht, Institute for built environment Office historic centre Utrecht University - Mrs. Els Leicher, Luuk Eerden - Mr. Marc Bergkotte, Environment and Gemeente Utrecht/ Municipality of Utrecht, sustainability, University estate MA and Finance department - Mrs Annemarie Koolenbrander, - Mr. Johan Reusen, University estate program manager, Utrecht department Management Authority Nijenrode Business University - Mr. Jan Bloemheuvel, manager - Mrs. Birgit Dulski, senior researcher finance, Office for Urban Planning Sustainable building Management Authority - Mrs. Anke van Hal, professor - Mr. Adri Hartkoorn, Management Sustainable building Authority Urbact II; OBR / City of Eneco company (sustainable energy) Rotterdam - Mr. Marcel van de Wetering, Owners of historic/ listed buildings in the city developer energy projects centre Province of Utrecht, dep. Environment • Municipality of Utrecht, Mr. Frits - Mrs. Tineke Kuipers-Oldenhuis Veldhuis, manager estate department Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed/ State • Protestant church of Utrecht, Mr. department for cultural heritage Laurent Paulussen - Mr. Aart de Vries • NV Utrechtse Maatschappij tot Inhabitants historic centre Stadsherstel, Mrs Reneé Willeumier - Mr. Han van Dobben, chairman • Utrechts Monumentenfonds: Mrs. neighbo urhood council historic centre Thea de Wit (wijkraad binnenstad) • Mitros social housing corporation Management historic centre (focus on (name) business, shops etc.) • Retail buildings historic centre - Mrs. Jorien de Soet (name) Natuur- en Milieufederatie Utrecht (NMU), Federation Nature and Environment (province of) Utrecht
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Utrecht Local Support Group meeting, 30.04.2010.
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SCHWAEBISCH GMUEND (DE)
Schwaebisch Gmuend LAP area.
planning (“Monument conservation support The LAP focus for dedicated sustainability plan”) Development of brown field land Strengthen social economic cohesion of the (development spots, beacon projects) historical centre, and empower economic activities and job offer. Implementation of sustainable development Contribute to more central rule of the plans : historical centre in the city and more National Garden Exhibition 2014 attractiveness for investors and residents. Redevelopment of heritage areas Improve knowledge and sustainable Traffic concept for inner city techniques for respectful conservation of “Market of estate” major and minor built heritage. Retail action plan Link heritage values safeguard and Monument conservation support plan (gap sustainable development perspective. between protection of historic monuments and urban development planning)
Actions to undertake with the LAP Expected results for the LAP area General : Improvements to framework conditions for Living in the inner city private investments Improvement to housing offer especially for Reinforcement of solidarity among retailers older people who want to return into inner city Definition and implementation of concrete Improvement to recreational facilities measures (pilot projects) Reinforcement of centrality aspect Integration of protection of historic Optimisation of cityscape (buildings, monuments in long-term urban development cleanliness, public spaces, green spaces)
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Improvement to accessibility to the inner city by private cars Priority 3: Resource protection and risk Balanced resident-structure and social prevention structure Improvement to integration of migrants Creation of a feeling of readiness for new The LSG and stakeholders things The URBACT LSG is composed through Shopping in the inner city further development and integration of Strengthening of regional image existing work groups: Improvement to accessibility to the inner city Working group: “city centre” (administration- by private cars internal) Support to existing shopping locations Strategy group: “city centre” (politically Providing new shopping locations based)
Increase in solidarity (e.g. retailers) The first meeting was held on March 4th 2010 Improvements to networking of stakeholders and the second one on March 31st 2010. Civic commitment and independent civic engagement The members of the LSG are: Strengthening of shopping locations (retention of purchasing power, desirability, • Arnhold Klaus, Wirtschaftsforderung, image, offer, mix of sectors) Municipality of Schwaebisch Gmuend Increase in population in the inner city • Bayer Melanie, Stadtplanungs und Baurechtsamt, Municipality of Schwaebisch Gmuend The ROP opportunities • Beyer Emine, integration advisory council The Baden-Württemberg region 2007-2013 • Breitweg-März Angela, Wein Magazin, ROP. Retailer of LAP area Managing Authority: Ministerium für • Dieterich Albert, Haus- und Ernährung und Ländlichen Raum, Frankfurt. Grundbesitzverein (a local estate association) Priority 1: Innovation, knowledge-based • Eusterschulte Barbara, Ministerium für economy and clusters Ernährung und Ländlicher Raum, ROP MA, Stuttgart Priority 2: Sustainable urban and municipal • Frei Wolfgang, VWG, Local investor development • Frey Monica, Optik Muller GmbH, “In Mannheim, Pforzheim, Heilbronn und Retailer of LAP area Villingen-Schwenningen, inner-city projects • Friedel Gerhard, Ordnungsamt, which contribute to bringing local strengths Municipality of Schwaebisch Gmuend and development potential into play and Hackner Gerhard, Vermessungs-u. removing possible obstacles in the four main • urban centres will above all be supported Liegenschaftsamt, Municipality of Schwaebisch Gmuend under the motto "sustainable urban development. All this will be complemented • Krieg Lothar, Stadtplanungs- und by a programme encouraging the founding of Baurechtsamt, Municipality of new businesses. Schwaebisch Gmuend The pilot project, EU beacon projects (EULE), • Losert Christian Casa Nueve, Retailer is aimed at the sustainable integrated of LAP area development of municipalities and municipal • Maile Manfred, Touristik & Marketing associations. In its selection of a maximum of GmbH ten municipalities or municipal associations, • Markowetz Christiph, Galerie der Baden-Württemberg will be exploring new Sinne, Retailer of LAP area avenues. The best pilot project will be • Mihm Julius, Baudezernat, identified by means of a selection procedure”. Municipality of Schwaebisch Gmuend
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• Miller Karl, Architekt Miller, member of • Schwarzkopf Wolfgang, town council Baunternehmer Architekt, Local • Preiss Christof, Architekten Preiss, investor inhabitant of LAP and member of town • Ströbele August, Tiefbauamt, council Municipality of Schwaebisch Gmuend • Schira K.D. Vinoteca, Retailer of LAP • Wendel Frank, Dezernat 1, area Municipality of Schwaebisch Gmuend • Schneider Klaus, VGW, Local investor • Schubart Ulrike, heritage authoritiy (Regierungspräsidium Stuttgart)
Schwaebisch Gmuend LSG meeting 31.03.2010.
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PEZENAS (FR)
Pézenas, LAP area.
The LAP focus for dedicated sustainability Support renewal of the local Heritage Preservation Rules to integrate energy Turn into strength the apparent weakness of efficiency (insulation including windows, being a small city, individuating and protection from humidity, renewable energies, assessing opportunities and potentials and less water consumption, optimize day targeting the best results of the past, the real lighting, natural cooling, sustainable waste constraints of the present and the most management, sustainable building process, challenging visions for the future. materials, components); Give to the local capacities and dynamics, a Expand communication and governance strategic framework plan, supporting synergy performances inside the historic centre so of actions, integration of implementations and that the inhabitants take over the projects and operational sustainability. participate more actively in the decision Improve and accelerate decision making, making. The concrete solutions on how to strengthen participation, enabling a strong make it will be discussed through the LSG sustainable and efficient intervention that can which will give a framework. The LSG work definitively open the road towards a should be the 1st step toward this goal. successful developing profile of the heritage In the framework of the elaboration of a new city. strategy for sustainability of the historical centre, give inputs to integrated approach and stronger sustainability for the delivery of Actions to undertake with the LAP the specific plan for Cours Jean Jaurès, a space linking the protected area (medieval town) with the rest part of the historical centre
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(pilot project of the LAP), aiming to the environment and curbing greenhouse gas interactions between strategy (rule) and emissions project (practice). Priority 3: Encourage accessibility The design process for the pilot project, will (information and communication technologies be shared at LSG level, applying the strategy and infrastructure) and balanced regional under elaboration, and especially energy development efficiency measures, communication and governance. The first step of the pilot project The LSG and stakeholders implementation (supported through State subventions to the City and to shopkeepers) The LSG is based on the previous experience will be: make more attractive the commercial “Hart of the City Comity” and was composed environment and renovate the historical during March 2010. The 1st. meeting was commercial facades. held on 15th April 2010.
The members of the LSG are: Expected results for the LAP area Ville de Pézenas: Contribute to strengthen centrality of the • Ansiau Revalor, City Representative historical core zone. • Philippe Nicolle, General Secretary Brink a new balance between historic • Erick Veyrié, Head of Technical neighbourhoods and support the urban Department integration of the oldest part of it (medieval ROP MA. town) avoiding abandon from residents. • Vincent Arsigny, Head of the Europe Create a more friendly environment for Department inside the Secrétariat economic activities. Général pour les Affaires Régionales, Reduce private car mobility in the historical centre, but guarantee appropriate Other public partners: accessibility for residents and visitors. • Denis Millet, Head of Planning Contribute to resolve conflict between Department.Communauté safeguard policy for built heritage and use d’Agglomération Hérault-Méditerranée and development needs. • Olivier Fauzan, Waste removal and Attract day and evening long, more people in treatment organization: SICTOM the historical centre. Head of Technical Department. Make known and available, techniques and • Christine Catala, Tourist Office, who is components for building energy efficiency, also the technical coordinator compatible with heritage values to preserve. following the works inside the Keep and extend central activities and social “Association des Villes à Secteur services in the historical centre. Sauvegardés” (Heritage Protected
Areas Cities Association). The ROP opportunities • Mrs Loubens State Culture
Department: Architecte des Bâtiments Managing Authority of ROP 2007-2013, de France. Préfecture de la Région Languedoc-
Roussillon, Secrétariat Général pour les Historic centre shopkeepers: Affaires Régionales”.Montpellier. • Mr Rozales, butcher.
The LAP will aim to integrate findings and • Mr Alary, jeweller. outputs into the following ROP priorities : • Mr Marinello, farm market itinerant Priority 1: Developing innovation and the shopkeeper. knowledge-based economy as factors of • Mr Notarangello, craftman (stringe- growth and competitiveness instrument maker), who is also Priority 2: Reducing the vulnerability of the inhabitant of the centre, on the Cours region, ensuring its appeal and the quality of Jean Jaurès. • Mrs Jeanvrain, hardware shop.
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• Mr Sachot, who is a member of the Historic centre inhabitants: “Heart of City Comity”. • Mr Mazet, notary (which practice is on the Cours Jean Jaurès).
Pézenas URBACT Local Suport Group meeting, 15.04.2010.
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CORFU (GR)
Corfu LAP area.
The LAP focus for dedicated sustainability Formulate up-to-date, detailed specifications (materials, techniques, design) for the Sustainable development in benefit of the restoration work being done, and circulate inhabitants and the city users them to engineers and technical operatives at Implementation of contemporary life needs in all levels, the business community and the accordance with the protection o the historic local community generally centre Improvement of visitor facilities Participation of the inhabitants and the city Draw up a plan for the protection, restoration users in the city' s management plan and improvement of the public spaces The historic centre as a development Install signage and on-street information instrument for the whole community. panels in the historic area, providing directions to and information about the elements that give it its historic character Actions to undertake with the LAP (historic walks, important buildings, architectural features, historical events) Establishment of the historic centre’s Modify the existing institutional framework in Management Committee order control mechanisms to become more Establish active citizens’ forums to enable the effective local community to participate in the work of Implementation of the traffic study managing the historic centre Enhancing the attractiveness of the Historical Complete the study for revision of the existing Centre for users and potential users Town Plan on the basis of existing Improvement of visitor facilities, and explore specifications ways of ensuring that the visitors themselves Review and update existing contingency make a financial contribution towards this plans for natural disasters (earthquakes, goal. fires)
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The LSG and stakeholders Expected results for the LAP area The LSG is established on February 2010 Preservation of the inhabitants life quality in and it has no previous experience on similar the historic centre in association with social - projects. The LSG met three times so far : economic regeneration and improvement of 1st Meeting 17-03-2010 urban functions 2nd Meeting 24-03-2010 Involvement of residents and users in the 3rd Meeting 08-04-2010. management of the city. Improvement of infrastructure in the Historic The members of the LSG are: Center. Settlement of city's traffic problem. City of Corfu :
• Leonidas Stanelos - Employee of the
The ROP opportunities UNESCO Office • Kyriaki Kyriaki - Head of the The Managing authority we referred to is: surveillance office of the building Intermediary Managing Authority of the Ionian projects - Technical Services Division Islands Region, Alykes River (Markezinis Buildings), Corfu Other members: Measure n°: 3 • Marieta Orfanou - Intermediary Title: Sustainable development and quality of Managing Authority of the Ionian life Islands Region Priority axis n°: 61.01 • John Lianakis - Director of Division of Title: Integrated urban & tourism development Civil Protection - Ionian Islands The measure is the upgrading and Region development of urban, semi-urban and tourist • Andrew Rizos - Operational Officer of areas with poor environmental and economic Corfu Fire Servises Administration activity, often concentrated disadvantaged • Diamando Rigakou - Director of the groups, with small-scale interventions and 21st Ephorate of Byzantine Antiquities thus improve the living conditions of • Georgia Kyriaki - Chamber of permanent and seasonal population by Commerce & Industry – Corfu upgrading and functionality of residential • John Thimis - Member of the Steering areas, and holiday work and fostering Committee of the Technical Chamber entrepreneurship. of Greece - Corfu department • Thanasis Rouvas -Member of the Local Association of Architecture • Olga Aliberti, Corfu Old Town citizens association. • Association of Corfu Travel agents (tbd) • Corfu Hotels Association (tbd)
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FAENZA (IT)
Faenza LAP area.
The LAP focus for dedicated sustainability for the historical centre, aiming the following objectives:
› More inhabitants Further improve and strengthen the implementation of the Strategic Plan for the › More shopkeepers, craftsmen, historical centre, giving emphasis to efficient creative activities and integrated utilisation of heritage buildings › More public & private cultural and complexes, actually not used or not services, more chances properly used. › More sustainable mobility Improve decision making, enable plans and projects to be realized rapidly and attract › More compatible and renewable residents, economic and cultural activities energies, lower water consumption and visitors. And applying the following tools: Provoke a bottom-up contribution capitalising › More social housing, less tax in existing rules and norms (e.g. inefficient, to update) the best practices obtained by the › More financial or economic incentives LAP process. › More public buildings for public use, covered courtyards Actions to undertake with the LAP › More pedestrian area, public bicycles, electric powered transport
› More economic support to The LAP of Faenza is focusing the restructuring suitable in historical implementation of the existing Strategic Plan centre
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A network of strategic public owned heritage Developing concerted actions to enlarge buildings, located in the hart of the town, will acceptability and the number of alternative be the vertebral of the LAP: assessed and solutions (LSG). planned for new public uses attracting Documenting and registering the state of the people, young, cultural activities, recreation: art e the starting condition, useful to monitor Buildings already used: and consequently address the plan during implementation. • “Ceramics Museum” (new interface and social activities: entrance and Economic evaluation actions to make the bar) plan attractive, feasible and efficient. • “Pinacoteca” (intensify use and attractiveness: establish the Expected results for the LAP area archaeological museum, realize a glass covering of the court) • “Palace Milzetti” and “chapelle More environmental sustainability ferrovieri” (give new value use) More sustainable mobility Buildings actually not used: More sustainable economy • “Palace Mazzolani” (integrate urban More residents and people in the historical life to the existing University activity centre on 1st floor: recreational bar, social use of the green court, artists- More meeting place for young people designers-creative workshops on More creative people in the historical centre ground floor) More availability of spaces on favourable • “Palace del Podestà” (open it to the terms. city: new exhibition spaces for contemporary art) Interventions with zero CO2 new emissions; zero new waste; zero new traffic; zero new • “Palace esposizioni” (turn back from waterproofing surfaces. the outskirts the “Faenza fiera” CO2 (Save energy with measures compatible commercial exhibition premises: to heritage buildings) restore and glass covering of the courtyard) H2O (Save domestic water) • “Church dei Servi” (a new attractor for RE (Integrate renewable energies with young people: multifunctional space measures compatible to heritage buildings) for bookshops, internet points, bars, More attractiveness of the historical centre for art performances, creative events). life, work and activities The LAP will constitute both, a concrete More concert and citizens participating for deliverable to be implemented and a pilot decision and policy making demonstration action to capitalize in the Strategy and local policies and norms. More tourism and activities through: temporary exhibitions; collection increasing; larger surface dedicated; collaborations with The LAP will be supported by: local artists and craftsmen. Sustainable accessibility to the new Increase project for public bicycles; for park attractors: extend public bikes, pedestrian and ride area near the centre; for the public walk and use public clean transport. electric transport. Defining ex ante indicators for monitoring and Open horizons for further heritage public verification of the results. spaces new life, and private spaces valorisation (by general regulations for the involved areas).
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The group is composed through a The ROP opportunities stakeholders analysis using also the past
experiences to identify the most appropriated Managing Authority stakeholders and is coordinated by Faenza Regione Emilia-Romagna municipality, composed as follows: Direzione generale Attività produttive,
Commercio e Turismo, Bologna. • Samorè Tiziano, Confartigianato (Artisans syndicate) The Emilia-Romagna region ROP priorities to • Carugati Francesco, Ascom correspond LAP outputs are: Associazione del commercio, turismo e servizi del comprensorio Priority 1: Industrial research and technology (commerce, tourism and services transfer association) Priority 2: Entrepreneurial development and • Pezzi Ettore, Tavolo Imprenditori innovation (Entrepreneurs organisation) • Dardi Jader, CnA (Artisans syndicate) Priority 3: Improved energy and • Ramina Roberto, Confesercenti (trade environmental efficiency and sustainable syndicate) development • Dalpane Walter, Cabina di Regia Priority 4: Enhancing and better exploiting the “Centro Vivo” (citizens initiative) environmental and cultural heritage • Savoia Donatella, Open Studio (citizens initiative)
The LSG and stakeholders • Agostinelli Emilio, Soprintendenza (heritage bureau) Some URBACT LSG members participated • Peroni Pierpaolo, ProLoco (citizens previously in similar experiences or are initiative) actually involved. • Gatti Marta, Bottega ceramica Gatti In Faenza similar experiences have been (entrepreneur) performed using the EASW (European • Romanato Gabriele, Gruppo municip. Awareness Scenario Workshop) and the rioni (neighbourhood) Appreciative Inquiry methods, for the City • Sangiorgi Massimo, Legambiente Structural Plan, for the Strategic Plan of the (environmental NGO) historical centre, for the realization of a • Villa Francesco, Comitato Spontaneo neighbourhood of bio-planning (S.Rocco) and “Io mi muovo, vivo e lavoro in centro for the realization of a bioclimatic school storico” (citizens initiative) (Scuola_Don Milani). • Zauli Matteo, Museo Carlo Zauli (museum) The LSG was constituted on March 2010 and had two meetings on April 22 and May.
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Faenza LE visit on April 22nd 2010 LSG members working on questionnaires
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MELISSA (IT )
The LAP focus for dedicated sustainability Expected results for the LAP area
Finding a positive way to manage the historic Starting a process of modernisation, in centre is a priority for Melissa, whose particular towards new social economic life expectations from “Historicentres_Net” and RES, action that could represent an project focus on: efficient new way to manage a small heritage old town and a development plan that could acquiring knowledge on a sustainable make Melissa a virtuous example towards strategy for the historic center management; quality to transfer. realizing concrete actions to restore historic Aesthetic improvement of the historic centre buildings considering technologies linked to renewable energies; Reutilisation of abandoned buildings (for commercial and cultural purposes) improving the living quality of Melissa’s citizens, giving value to the town towards Energetic efficiency improvement of the old them and towards potential tourists. town centre Awareness about RES among Melissa’s citizens Actions to undertake with the LAP Making the old town of Melissa capable of
attracting back people that went away Finding a group of historical buildings in the because of the lack of perspectives and the old town from which start restoration projects, deterioration of the buildings coherently with a new strategy to focus on the Recreating a social, economic and cultural heritage area for the “renaissance” of the old life in the old town of Melissa town; Attracting sustainable tourism interested in Involving local stakeholders in an integrated cultural visits and natural-cultural trails. restoration processes
Plan restoration projects with RES, in particular making use of technologies (low- The ROP opportunities tech and high tech,) components and materials that can reduce energy Calabria ROP Managing Authority: Regione consumption and, where possible, produce Calabria energy by photovoltaic cells. Dipartimento 3 Programmazione Nazionale e Documents concerning town plan update Comunitaria, Catanzaro.
Documents to making citizens aware of ROP 2007-2013: “Historicentres_net” explaining concrete results obtained through project’s steps Priority 1: R&D, innovation and information society A manual explaining all project’s activities, as a final resuming document of whole project Priority 3: Environment carried out in Melissa. Priority 4: Quality of life and social inclusion
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Priority 6: Networks for mobility • Gino Murgi, Mayor Priority 7: Productive systems • Edoardo Rosati, deputy for town planning and EU polizie Priority 8: Cities, urban areas and territorial • Francesco Marinelli, Association systems Borghi Autentici d’Italia • Francesco Maiorano, Association The ROP priorities where LAP actions can be Borghi Autentici d’Italia corresponding are: • Maria Carmela Malena, delegate for youth policies Priority 2: Energy • Mario Toteda, Ufficio di Presidenza Priority 5: Natural and cultural resources and della Regione Calabria, ROP MA. sustainable tourism • Filosa Sante, “Edileffe” (property developer); • Giuseppe Russo, “Edilsud” (property developer); The LSG and stakeholders • Leonardo Le Rose, Wine co-operative “Cirò e Melissa”; Melissa LSG take advantage of a previous • Vincenzo De Luca, Wine co-operative experience from a group working on “Cantine de Luca Vincenzo”; Associazione Borghi Autentici d'Italia's project • Paolo Maltese, Food co-operative "Young towns", focusing on youth support “Gusti Mediterranei”; group. • Group of young people involved in the project “Young Towns”. The LSG was established on April 2010 and is composed by:
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Observer status
City of Kolomna
Region, Moscow The City is in the region of Moscow oblast in State Russia the western Russia. It lies south east of Moscow near the confluence of the Moskva and Oka rivers. First mentioned in 1177, Kolomna formed a Contacts: key stronghold on Moscow’s southern Irina Korshunova frontier; it was sacked four times by the [email protected] Tatars. Elena Dmitrieva [email protected] and Kolomna was one of the earliest Russian Natalia Nikitina [email protected] locomotive-building centres, and today heavy Gorod-Muzey machinery, and synthetic rubber are Posadskaya 13 A produced. Population (2006) 148,020. Kolomna Russia A representative of Kolomna assisted the Info http://www.russia- Faenza first partners meeting, exposing the ic.com/regions/1724/5127/history/ city monuments and challenges and asking http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolomna for participation in the network.
City web site This is an opportunity for the network and the http://www.kolomnagrad.ru/ City of Kolomna can participate as Observer, without budget, at their own costs.
Kolomna historical centre, main street. The Kolomna Kremlin
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5. Synthesis
A challenging background to build on substantially contribute to furthermore balance safeguard and development and to meet the Lisbon Gothenburg perspectives.
Even if a dedicated focus on historical urban The heritage cities, partners of the areas is not yet object of a consolidated EU Historicentres_Net thematic network, belong policy, there is clear evidence of a to different EU cultural clusters, correspond to progressive interest, converging particularly different level of experiences on sustainable on the inner city, that for a majority of planning and governance of their historical European towns also means historical city. urban landscapes, but they are all committed to strengthen or improve them, empowering In these areas two main elements compose a local identity and competitiveness and, challenging framework for action: through this project, contributing to a - The traditional sustainable sustainable legacy for the European next character (mostly lost but still there generations. as humus) Some partners need to understand how to - The coexistence of severe keep improving their successful constraints (marking sustainability performances, others how to define and apply delays). new ones, and others how to understand and overcome low efficiency of local policies and There is a variety of national and local measures of the past, before shaping a policies for historical centres in Europe, strategy. representing strong differences between What they are all clearly asking for is not a them, some well advanced, others quite sector improvement but a global sustainable weak. approach, setting a strong basement, In cities, there are precious but less known influencing a range of policies, plans and best practices and opportunities of lessons measures. learned as well. Several cities promoted EU Such key aim is distinguishing networks’ distinguished projects on built heritage, using performances from others: define appropriate European programs for networking. Important and a priori sustainability parameters for international institutions, associations and city the future, that have to be integrated in a groups are separately working and/or defining dedicated strategic vision for EU historical recommendations on the issue. centres and implemented through action It is commonly accepted the important plans. parameter that historical centres constitute for This is an inedited and extremely challenging European identity, regional diversity and approach, going besides other planning and competitiveness. programming, called to correspond the Cities are keen to invest (or keep investing) in excellence needs of the historical centres: a heritage. peculiar and unique urban area that cannot But the conflict between insufficient use and be targeted using only traditional methods for stagnancy, and excessive use and cities, but through new ones that understand alteration/consumption, remains. The and merge peculiarities and uniqueness. equation between safeguard and development, despite important steps, is not This project should seize for the partners, the resolved. positive climate and existing capacities, There is a need and an opportunity for a investing them in historical centres and European way to approach sustainability of further build on: historical cities and centres, that could - The EU level acquisitions for urban policies - The URBACT consolidating methods and knowledge
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- The partners experiences. sustainability are the following (list of bullet points, followed by comments): The project has the opportunity (and duty) to plan synergies and interactions with other • Correspond development URBACT projects on built heritage (directly or opportunities to safeguard policy. in the frame of program level activities) and This is the most challenging as well as obtain complementarities against over controversial aspect for sustainability. All positioning, consecutiveness against partners are keen to apply locally such separated rooms work, exchanges at project challenge. The finding is to turn safeguard level work. and development into two faces of the same coin.
• Empower historical centres with a Digest of the partners’ key interests texture of central functions: government, social, economic and In order to build effectively on such cultural. challenging background, the 10 cities Recent tendency has been to displace such composing the network, cover a large functions outside their traditional seat, the geographical area and correspond to different historical centres, and some partners are sizes and levels of competence. actually still operating in this way, searching The historical centres partners represent all more practical and accessible locations (e.g. kind of EU conurbations, going from village for the City Government). Other partners are level (Melissa), to very small towns (Pézenas) definitively on the opposite site and further to small town (Gotland –Visby, Kedainiai, decide to reallocate central functions, that Corfu), to medium ones (Schwaebisch moved, back again in the heritage centre. Gmuend and Faenza - twinned cities), to Define a new “centrality” profile is a major larger ones (Tirgu Mures) and to large cities issue with strong potential for a sustainable (Utrecht and Plovdiv), historical centres future of historical centres. inhabited by 2.550 till 25.000 residents. They also represent distinguished climate • Secure a mix of functions. zones of the EU (this is essential for the The risk is a monopoly specialization of projects’ approach), offer a large cultural functions with a prevalence of tourist ones. All historic background of the built heritage, partners are looking forward to seize the urban fabric, building typologies and opportunities of a touristic economy, but this materials used. Two of them are UNESCO should be contained in a balance that aims heritage sites (Visby, Corfu). sustainable vitality by a functional complexity. They represent in majority a good level of Other case is the prevalence of tertiary conservation but some face threats of their functions (banks, culture, offices, heritage integrity, some others face professionals). Both contribute to a land management conflicts and others own prices war and consequent risk of residents important advanced experiences. They also eject. own different capacity levels to correspond specific integrated, efficient planning and • Develop a residential majority actions needed, towards a sustainable profile. perspective. Historical centres are traditionally places for residence, the majority of buildings actually The exchange and learning of experience existing are residential buildings. New trends performances of this project can turn very changed and keep changing radically life challenging due to the above conditions, and styles, threatening traditional convenience of can be tailored on the common problems and leaving in the centre. New attractiveness interests that unite city partners despite their should be defined and promoted, to distinguished starting positions, taking strengthen residential pro quota, as basic for advantage from them. The common key sustainability. problems, needs and challenges for
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• Promote integration of the heritage Life quality also depends from availability of area in the city. equipped spaces (also open air) for social This evident issue is not always correctly exchange and interacting, near the houses. considered as fundamental parameter for a Public space in historical centres is usually sustainable future of historical centres. Some very limited. A creative planning effort is partners are tackling it seeking for positive necessary. effects of a successful historical centre to the entire city economy. But other questions • Reuse large dismissed buildings. should also be assessed in a coordinated In all partner historical centres exist not way such as accessibility, transports, residential buildings (usually of big infrastructures, services and also reciprocal dimension) related to activities not any more “contaminations” and influences: e.g. what is compatible, and there is a strong interest happening along the demarcation zone (and opportunity) to adapt the most between historical and not historical areas (it appropriate new use. The most synergic is the case of Utrecht and Schwaebisch performance aiming contribution to a Gmuend). sustainable future for the entire historical centre, should be considered. • Understand and correspond the interests of key stakeholders. • Deepen participation of citizens. This is for the project partners one risk for This is the most “popular” issue between equivocate. They all agree that stakeholders partner cities, constituting a strength point, should be involved at technical level by the even if is not always clear to partners how to beginning of a planning process but is not for manage it. One partner is evidencing the all so clear how individuate the appropriate need to consolidate in the process the fact ones and how to deal with the evident that never “all” citizens will agree on a interfacing between stakeholders and planning act. This is directly linked to decision makers. Stakeholders participation is questions arising from the need of a a resource for an action plan. communication plan.
• Plan sustainable tourist • Reduce air and noise pollution. exploitation. Major issue related to every development Partners are keen to develop tourist (and perspective. In some partner cities pollution is leisure) economy in historical centres, also high and should be reduced by planning using heritage and culture as humus. Project sustainable future. In others constitute a risk partners belong to a medium or low tourist of an intensification of activities and attraction exploitation level. In EU cities we have of residents and events. experiences of excessive or insufficient use and lessons learnt, to consider, as well as • Manage a sustainable accessibility important advancement of the sustainable and traffic. tourism perspective and policy. A wealthy historical centre also depends from how easy is to access, and how much traffic • Guarantee services to residents influences negatively the environment. including neighbourhood Radical and extreme solutions never worked commercials. at long term. There is a need for feasible and If keeping and/or attracting residents in the sustainable solutions that limit private cars, historical centres is a fundamental parameter encourage pedestrian and cycling (for the of success for sustainability, should be appropriate distances) as well as clean definitively supported by appropriate services efficient public transport. Intermodal at social and personal level. The majority of connections is a method to filter and to partners complain that commercials for increase efficiency. resident families are critical. • Focus for a dedicated waste • Develop social, relax and green management. areas.
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Historical centres represent a concentration tax policy for owners, investors and economic of waste production and a limitation of space, operators, temporary reduction of cost for conditions that define the need for a specific public space use, start-up incubators for new measure, different than other urban areas. It entrepreneurs, support access to credit, mini has to be less visible and less invasive. credit (on the honour), derogation from Partners should use specific technologies building regulations (under the control of (small vehicles, underground utility, vacuum heritage offices). collection) and organization (capillarity, more man work, timing of collection) combined to the general recycling principles. Citizens, • Improve horizontal and vertical users and economic operators should governance. collaborate. One of the most common issues between project partners. Implementation of this • Obtain more efficient planning. project should contribute to new profile for Partners insist focusing on planning collaborating and complementing initiatives efficiency, evidencing clear governance between departments of the City constraints and assessing that good plans administration and through the several levels (from technical point of view) are not enough of government that will be involved. Good for sustainable performances. More attention results should contribute to generate larger should be paid to facilitate common and lasting positive effects. understanding and synergy between technical and decision making levels • Strengthen communication and promotion of heritage values. • Achieve faster decision making and Partners are keen to support sustainability acting. planning with promotional actions of heritage Several between the more experienced values, improving and/or integrating previous partners complain delays between planning practices already performed. A common need and implementation. They demonstrate that is to integrate communication plans with sustainability depends a lot from the timing basic resources such as a clear strategy and (the proper measure applied the right target groups, differentiating and moment). Governance and juridical questions corresponding adequate communication tools are to be considered. to each group, avoiding extemporaneity and occasional approach, for maximum efficiency. • Improve capacity to access funding The most challenging need is to target and PPP financing. investors. Some partners prioritizing their constraints put in evidence the difficulty to access • Improve safeguarding policies and financing, some others do not even mention restoration techniques for built it. Financing implementation of an action plan heritage. is a common basic issue for all partners but There is still space for improvement, despite experience is not equal. As a matter of fact the long term experience, because exist differences between member states differences at EU level. Partners need policy economies are behind this challenge, as well upgrade including integrated approach as actual economic crisis different effects in (history, research, interpretation, awareness, each city. Some partners also complain education, management) and techniques fine national legal framework incertitude that tune using advanced knowledge (diagnosis, discourage investors and PPPs. lab analysis, digital simulation, materials, components, monitoring, maintenance). • Use financial and urbanistic Improve skills of specialized personnel and incentives. craftsmen, lifelong learning. In order to accelerate action plans implementation, partners suggested to use • Give priority to monuments incentives that strengthen the process safeguard and safety. towards sustainability. The most efficient ones (already performed in EU) are: specific Historicentres_Net Baseline Study May 2010 PAG. 110
Each partner include outstanding update of an existing one, or a convergence monumental potential within the historical of tools. fabric (e.g. fortress, church, palace) that is used as the symbol of the city and is a strong A common platform for action identity parameter, sense of belonging reference and promotional tool. Such heritage The following operational suggestions are the requires specific attention and measures that result of the BLS, that partners can assess secure dignity and integrity and long term and consider for the definition of the project safeguard. application form (See Annex 3).
• Strengthen energy efficiency of heritage buildings (low tech, high tech). This challenging issue is not equally Exchange and learning considered by project partners. The contribution to CO2 emissions of buildings is The key problems, needs and challenges, largely evidenced and known (and heritage can be included in four leading Thematic buildings are a considerable part of EU towns Areas (See Annex 1) for sustainability and built stock), but local integration is missing. used during implementation for a most Research and development results should be efficient and coherent exchange and learning deepen and demonstrated before creating process. Partners own experience in each market. Main challenges are the combination thematic area, as evidenced in this BLS (4.3), between aesthetic preservation and that can be considered either as best practice technology and the integration between and/or subjected to improvement. Further vocational performances (low-tech) and high- experiences and practices outside the tech. partnership should also be included (3.2).
• Review and improve building A project partner should be responsible for regulations for heritage urban each thematic, organizing a workshop and fabric. making a Thematic Report and an article for Some partners complain lack of flexibility and the specialized press (e.g. URBACT Tribune). contradictions of existing regulations. Some others need to define regulations for built heritage that are missing. This is a 1. Fair participation challenging opportunity for exchange and for major efficiency, importing learn, to define dedicated (not general) resources by citizens, stakeholders regulations that spring out from plans and and decision makers projects, being synergic and not prescriptive. 2. New centrality for successful social economic The totality of partners recommended, as performances, strong residential their major need, a strategic municipal tool to profile, more attractiveness deliver through the implementation phase: a tool that defines sustainability standards and 3. Intelligent heritage indicators and a set of pilot actions that target for a better microclimate of heritage short term results on emerging local issues. public space, energy efficiency of heritage buildings The challenge of this tool should be to and RE integration overcome existing weaknesses of other local performances (sector issues, not integrated 4. Environmental management approach, low sustainable perspectives, for mitigation of environmental governance constraints), and be (according impacts by usage and development to situation) a new tool, improvement and/or
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Exchange and learning will be performed during four Thematic Workshops. Each Thematic Area will be the issue of a workshop. In each workshop the thematic will be analysed and assessed, exposing and exchanging best practices.
This performance will be introduced by a warm-up “Mini Conference” (integrated in the kick-off meeting) that should expose a selection of advanced best practices in the EU historical centres and particularly focusing on the Sustainable Strategy concept.
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Thematic Areas can include the following specific Targets:
1. Fair participation 3. Intelligent heritage Citizens Awareness Decision makers Buildings energy efficiency Stakeholders RE, Low tech - High tech Regulations and tools Water consumption
2. New centrality 4. Environmental management Public functions Mobility accessibility Economic activities Public space microclimate Social services control Residence Waste management Attractors and promotion Soil air pollution Green areas
Local Action Plans maximize sustainability of envisaged results. A common approach profile should be used Partners deliverable 1. Local Pilot Actions by partners as well as a common template for comparable presentation and discussion. The exchange and learning process will empower partners to elaborate Pilot Actions Partners deliverable 2. Local Sustainable tackling each thematic area and developing a Strategy Pilot Action per thematic area, for one or more Targets. During the four workshop activities partners Pilot Actions and Targets of each partner, will will progressively build their Sustainable be determined, in the LAP area, during the Strategy for the LAP areas. Pilot Actions will assessment of the development phase be integrated into the Strategies, also activity and following the BLS results (4.2). producing inputs for them. Pilot Actions will be presented during the Partners during the development phase workshops, discussed and compared. analysed the local needs for a strategy and Partners will define their Pilot Actions in the existing best practices within the network. framework of Local Support Group meetings, One partner owns experience of a held before and after each workshop, and will sustainable strategy for the historical centre, correspond them to the local ROP priorities other partners have general sustainable for eventual funding. They can be operated strategies at city level, others more have for one or more buildings, an urban block, an management plans for the historical centre, urban system (chain of special buildings, most partners own sector plans/projects. The street systems, neighbourhood unit). large majority of partners has not experience Pilot Actions can be supported by local with sustainable strategies for historical specific studies and they will import, adapt centre. and use the knowledge and experience consolidated in the workshops. The Sustainable Strategy for historical centre should be tailored around the questions Pilot Actions of a partner should be coherent (problems and challenges) promoted by each and synergic between them, each one partner in the BLS and include local consisting in the definition of a verification (check-up, diagnosis and therapy) comprehensive framework for a concrete of the following ten Requirements for measure(s), feasible and effective, applying Sustainability (See Annex 4): an integrated approach and aiming to
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Three cross cutting priorities should be considered in the Strategy:
• Keep residential character and attract more inhabitants: Communication and Participation, Intensify social interacting, exchanging and √ defining perception of needs, targeting support economy stakeholders interests and investors, • Do not decentralize public services and involving community. general interest activities: Empower functional attractiveness, centrality and services to residents
• Encourage functional mix of buildings and Sustainability, ground floors activities attracting people: √ targeting social, economic, environmental Extend economy, make a city full of life impacts, on mid - long term period • Strengthen sustainable mobility (pedestrian, bicycle, clean public transport, parking outside the centre): Facilitate urban displacements with low Safety, environmental impact √ targeting hydro geologic, climate change • Use public heritage buildings entirely, and seismic risks dismiss not strategic ones: Perform efficient use of space, plan scale economies • Follow maximum simplification of The Strategy should also elaborate interventions in heritage public space, indicators for: operate subtractions instead of additions for a visual cleaning: Energy Achieve challenging heritage visual integrity • CO2 emissions of human activities and quality • Consumptions: Heating, Cooling, • Turn altered heritage facades into original Lighting, Domestic Hot Water. harmony of materials and typologies: • Renewable Energies integration Promote active and effective conservation for • Heritage buildings Energy Balance original urban ambiance
Recompose consolidated but anomalous • Water built volumes (especially on the roofs) and operate targeted corrections to • Domestic water consumption restore historical volumes: • Other water co nsumptio n Improve building functioning and generate economic added values Public spaces • Introduce a targeted signposting (cultural, • Public green historical, for services) and evidence • Public parking heritage excellences: • Public equipment Promote heritage knowledge and information • Equip and wire the heritage open spaces Economy with fixed compatible settings to • Income of existing trail attract open air events, fairs, activities: • New enterprises Strengthen social, economic activities and • Number of new jobs tourist attractiveness
Social services
• Educatio n • Health • Social assistance
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ways to apply them in historical centres, Use of buildings usual constraints and suggestions of • Residential density contingency measures, a typical bullet point • % other uses presentation of a strategy, references for • % of public services more information.
Sustainable mobility Project Deliverable 3. Recommendations • Pedestrian streets • Bicycles This is a policy suggestion document • Clean buses (EV) shared by partners at political level, signed by legal representatives during a first Tourism Capitalization Conference before the end of • Number of beds activities and promoted at National level by • Arrivals each partner. Lead partner should also • Permanencies (number of nights) promote it at CoR and EC, previous integration at URBACT program level with The Strategy, performed under the other projects deliverables on the same requirements for sustainability, the cross issue. cutting priorities and the indicators, will follow formats decided by each partner, for better corresponding to local conditions and Milestones. requirements, and will consist in a specific deliverable (also translated in each partner Network level language). Mini conference Strategies will be exposed during a final 1st Thematic Report “Fair participation” Capitalization Conference, at the end of the 2nd Thematic Report “New centrality” project activities, with participation of local 3rd Thematic Report “Intelligent heritage” decision makers and MAs representatives. 4th Thematic Report “Environmental management” Articles Handbook Project Deliverable 1. Handbook Strategic Tool Recommendations This is a practical guide and a handy deliverable (CDRom or/and paper Brochure) Partner level mainly for practitioners, including the Pilot Actions of partners. The handbook should be Local Pilot Action Thematic 1 short, clear and understandable, using a Local Pilot Action Thematic 2 common presentation format for Pilot Actions Local Pilot Action Thematic 3 and including a general assessment paper. Local Pilot Action Thematic 4 The Handbook should be disseminated in Local Sustainable Strategy other EU historical cities and, if possible, translated in partners’ languages. (See Annex 5)
Project Deliverable 2. Strategic Tool for historical centres sustainability
This is a methodological tool (CDRom or/and paper Brochure), based on performances of partners defining their Sustainable Strategy. The local ROP MAs should be involved. The Strategic Tool should include background reference, description of the sustainable performances required and the
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