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Swiss Neutrino Program Swiss neutrino program Callum Wilkinson (Declaring my possible bias) Neutrino physics in Switzerland Federico Sanchez Teresa Montaruli Antonio Ereditato Michele Weber Laura Baudis Nicola Serra André Rubbia Stefan Antusch 2 Open neutrino questions Neutrino oscillation now firmly established as physics beyond standard model, but… ● Why are the masses and mixing so different to quark sector? ● What is the absolute neutrino mass scale? ● Are neutrinos their own antiparticle? ● Are there more than three neutrino families? ● Matter-antimatter asymmetry→ leptogenesis? ● What are the mixing parameters? 3 Open neutrino questions Neutrino oscillation now firmly established as physics beyond standard model, but… ● Why are the masses and mixing so different to quark sector? ● What is the absolute neutrino mass scale? 0νββ, see Theory work ● Are neutrinos their own antiparticle? underground talk required to build a ● Are there more than three neutrino families? consistent ● Matter-antimatter asymmetry→ leptogenesis? picture ● What are the mixing parameters? Neutrino oscillation experiments 4 Reminder: disappearance ● Oscillation probability has an amplitude and a phase: ● Neutrino energy, Eν, and distance, L, dependent effect Infer parameters from position and depth of the oscillation “dip” 5 Reminder: appearance Complex relationship between parameters: Dependence 2 on ±Δm 31 Sign change for νe and νe T2K flux, L = 295 km Energy dependent matter effect acts as an 2 CP violation increase in Δm 6 Oscillation status ~2019 Accelerator Reactor Atmospheric Solar 2 2 Parameter |Δm | θ23 δ θ13 Δm 21 θ12 Two length scales Uncertainty 2 -3 2% 5% 18% 1.5% 2.3% 2% |Δm | ~2 x 10 PDG 2018 2 -5 Δm 21 ~7 x 10 7 Neutrino oscillation questions ● What is the mass ordering (hierarchy)? ● Leptonic CP violation? δCP ≠ 0,π? ● Is θ23 = 45˚? If not, is θ23 < 45˚ or > 45˚? ● Is neutrino mixing fully described by a 3x3 matrix? 8 Eν = 600 MeV 20 ND samples e-like FHC μ-like FHC e-like FHC Event rate Neutrino flux Cross section Detector smearing Oscillation probability 9 T2K analysis ~50 institutions, ~350 collaborators Cross section 28 at Swiss institutions measurements: UniGe, UniBe, ETHZ Technical support and operations: UniBe, UniGe, UniGe, UniBe, ETHZ ETHZ ETHZ, UniGe 10 T2K analysis Group leader: Prof. A. Rubbia Joint CC0π-CC1π measurement Postdocs: Dr. L. M. Bueno, Dr. S. constraining nuclear models Murphy, Dr. B. Radics Joint on-/off-axis measurement PhD students: C. Alt, K. Fusshoeller, measure E dependence C.M. Schlosser ν Participation in data taking in Japan Offline data quality Validation of evaluation neutrino-nucleon models in Monte Carlo simulation MCMC oscillation fit: developing additional systematics to better constrain neutrino flux 11 T2K analysis Convenership of XSEC group (CW) CC inclusive in antineutrino mode Unique NC1π+ measurement Development of Participation in data new models taking in Japan Cross section Support UniGe with parameters from magnet operations global dataset (NUISANCE) Tests of new cross section models with ND data 12 T2K analysis CC0π in water CC1π Np in CH (coordination with ETHZ) CC inclusive with Wagasci/BabyMind ND280 magnet coordination and maintenance BabyMind operation and maintenance Implemented state of the art CC0π model in T2K event generator Collaboration with theorists for model development Developing Bayesian statistical analysis with 13 advanced Neural Network T2K analysis ~50 institutions, ~350 collaborators Cross section 28 at Swiss institutions measurements: UniGe, UniBe, ETHZ Technical support and operations: UniBe, UniGe, UniGe, UniBe, ETHZ ETHZ Federico Sanchez Elected as T2K co-spokesperson April 2019 ETHZ, UniGe 14 Latest T2K results (2019) Maximal ● ~30% of design exposure 2σ contours ● World leading θ23 measurement, consistent with maximal mixing ● Increasingly strong exclusion of CP conservation (δCP = 0,π) ● Expect results with ~50% more antineutrino data in a few months 15 IceCube Complementary to accelerator program: ● Natural atmospheric source ● Different energy region: ~5-50 GeV Similar sensitivities to outstanding questions with planned upgrades Rich neutrino physics program: ● Cross section measurements beyond energy reach of accelerators ● Constraints on beyond 3x3 mixing 16 M.G. Aartsen et al., J. Phys. G44 (2017) 5, 054006 FNAL Short Baseline Neutrino (SBN) program ● Three detector program designed to MiniBooNE resolve short baseline oscillation anomalies ● Three detector setup to sample the neutrino flux at different points ● Liquid argon TPCs: ● Differentiate signal electrons from background photons ● Improved energy reconstruction e- γ’s νe CC 17 R. Acciarri et al, Phys. Rev. D95 (2017) 072005 SBN overview ● Ultimate goal is to confirm or disprove hints for neutrino mixing at large Δm2 at 5σ ● Identify and characterise any backgrounds responsible for previous excesses ● Both problematic for 3x3 neutrino mixing measurements 18 MicroBooNE status - νμ + Ar → μ + X a ● r Stage 1 of SBN: data since 2015 X i v ● : Physics co-ordinator (M. Weber) 1 9 and IB chair (A. Ereditato) at Bern 0 5 . 0 ● Hardware and data analysis from 9 6 UniBe 9 4 ● 3 physics papers, 13 detector physics papers, more expected: ● Charged particle multiplicity: EPJC (2019) 79:248 ● CCπ0: PRD 99 (2019) 091102 ● CC-INC: arXiv:1905.09694 ● Vital inputs for future LAr detectors (see later) 19 Eur. Phys. CJ. (2019) 79:248 Eur. SBN near and far detectors ● SBND hardware delivered by UniBe: ● Cosmic Ray Taggers (CRTs) Instruments 1 (2017) 1, 2 ● Laser calibration system JINST 9 (2014) 11, T11007 ● SBND detector construction ongoing ● Data taking with full SBN expected in 2021 (including ICARUS) – physics results soon after 20 Preparing for the future 21 T2K-II ● Upgrade the T2K beamline. 20x1021 POT by 2026, x9 current statistics ● ND improvements help reduce systematics ● Potential for δ determination CP NH (but unknown) if true δCP is close to T2K best fit ● Benefits from preparations for Hyper-K... K. Abe et al. (T2K), arXiv:1607.08004, 2016 22 Hyper-K 187 kt (FV) tank close to current Super-K Upgraded JPARC location. High rate! beam and T2K-II near detector components Uses existing facilities and established technologies Potential second tank in Korea Low rate, but 2nd oscillation maximum enhances sensitivity 23 Hyper-K ● Adding a second detector gives strong hierarchy sensitivity ● Powerful δCP measurement – caveats if hierarchy unknown ● Also proton decay, supernova/solar neutrinos 24 arXiv:1611.06118 T2K upgrade and HK SuperFGD, ToF and T2K upgrade Development of PMT readout for HK ● Electronics readout design/production ● Full construction of the Time of Flight (ToF) detector (synergy with SHiP) ● Coordination mechanics and integration ● Test beam analysis R&D optical readout of (HP)TPC ● Future experiments & upgrades CERN test beam 2018 ● Building setup, exploring readout options Collaboration with IFAE (Spain) and INFN 25 D. Sgalaberna et al., JINST 13 (2018) 2, P02006 ● High intensity neutrino beam at Fermilab ● 40 kt (FV) LArTPC far detector, 1300 km baseline ● Near detector system at Fermilab ● Primary purpose: neutrino oscillations (δCP, mass hierarchy) ● Also nucleon decay, solar/supernova neutrinos 26 DUNE near detector ● Must control flux and cross-section systematics for oscillation analysis by sampling unoscillated beam ● Centre is ArgonCube → culmination of a long LArTPC R&D effort from UniBe ● Several improvements for high rate DUNE ND environment 27 ArgonCube R&D Modular, to reduce high voltage Improved light JINST 8 (2013) P07002 collection modules JINST 11 (2016) no.03, P03017 Instruments 2 (2018) no.1, 3 Resistive field shaping to minimize damage in Pixel charge readout, event of breakdown unambiguous reconstruction Instruments 3 (2019) no.2, 28 JINST 13 (2018) no.10, P10007 arXiv:1801.08884 28 ArgonCube 2x2 demonstrator ● Medium-sized test of four modules → supported by FLARE grant ● Now testing cryogenics and constructing modules ● To be moved to neutrino beam in Fermilab ~Autumn 2020. ~1 million events/year! ● Vital R&D work for DUNE, potential for exciting physics results! 29 ArgonCube collaboration ArgonCube collaboration meeting March 2019 ● Now 100 members, 23 institutes → broad international commitment ● Spokesperson and leadership from UniBe 30 ProtoDUNE ● Two large 800 t far detector prototypes at CERN ● Single (SP) and dual-phase (DP) readout th ● DP closed (13 June), final instrument checks ongoing, filling approved, starts 8th July 31 ETHZ activities on DUNE • Full Dual-Phase LAr detector simulation • Nucleon-decay sensitivity study in DUNE - sensitivity studies for new physics • Proton-decay and atmospheric neutrino background simulation using the NEUT neutrino-nucleus event generator Experimental and service work: ● Participation in WA105 DP LAr project ● LArSoft software development for event reconstruction in Dual-Phase LAr Group leader: Prof. A. Rubbia Postdocs: Dr. L. M. Bueno, Dr. S. Murphy, Dr. B. Radics PhD students: C. Alt, K. Fusshoeller, C.M. Schlosser 32 DUNE oscillation analysis Disappearance A p p e a r a n (7 years) ce 33 DUNE sensitivity ● Powerful probe of neutrino oscillation phenomena ● Complementary to Hyper-K program (longer baseline) ● DUNE Technical Design Report due in ~1 month with sophisticated sensitivity projections 34 DsTau: ντ production DsTau ● Spokesperson is A. Ariga at UniBe ● D →ν rate largest uncertainty in ν measurements s τ τ Experimental setup in North Area ● DsTau will study ντ production: ● CERN SPS protons ● Nuclear emulsions to observe
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