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NO ACCESS LGBTIQ Website Censorship in Six Countries NO ACCESS LGBTIQ Website Censorship in Six Countries NO ACCESS LGBTIQ Website Censorship in Six Countries OutRight Action International works at a global, regional and national level to eradicate the persecution, inequality and violence lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, and queer (LGBTIQ) people face around the world. From its offices in seven countries and headquarters in New York, OutRight builds capacity of LGBTIQ movements, documents human rights violations, advocates for inclusion and equality, and holds leaders accountable for protecting the rights of LGBTIQ people everywhere. OutRight has recognized consultative status at the United Nations. www.OutRightInternational.org [email protected] https://www.facebook.com/outrightintl http://twitter.com/outrightintl http://www.youtube.com/lgbthumanrights OutRight Action International 216 East 45th Street, 17th Floor New York, NY 10017 USA P: +1 (212) 430.6054 Written by: OutRight Action International: Amie Bishop OONI: Arturo Filastò and Maria Xynou The Citizen Lab: Jakub Dalek, Nica Dumlao, Miles Kenyon, Irene Poetranto, Adam Senft, Caroline Wesley This work may be reproduced and redistributed, in whole or in part, without alteration and without prior written permission, solely for nonprofit administrative or educational purposes provided all copies contain the following statement: © 2021 OutRight Action International, The Citizen Lab and OONI. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of OutRight Action International, The Citizen Lab and OONI. No other use is permitted without the express prior written permission of OutRight Action International, The Citizen Lab and OONI. For permission, contact [email protected]. OutRight Action International, The Citizen Lab, OONI The Citizen Lab is an interdisciplinary laboratory based at the Munk School of Global Affairs & Public Policy, University of Toronto, focusing on research, development, and high-level strategic policy and legal engagement at the intersection of information and communication technologies, human rights, and global security. We use a “mixed methods” approach to research combining practices from political science, law, computer science, and area studies. Our research includes: investigating digital espionage against civil society, documenting Internet filtering and other technologies and practices that impact freedom of expression online, analyzing privacy, security, and information controls of popular applications, and examining transparency and accountability mechanisms relevant to the relationship between corporations and state agencies regarding personal data and other surveillance activities. An information booklet on the Citizen Lab can be found at https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/up- loads/2018/05/18033-Citizen-Lab-booklet-p-E.pdf https://citizenlab.ca/about/ https://twitter.com/citizenlab https://github.com/citizenlab For general inquiries to the Citizen Lab, please email: inquiries at citizenlab.ca For media inquiries, please email: media at citizenlab.ca No Access: LGBTIQ Website Censorship in Six Countries The Open Observatory of Network Interference (OONI) is a free software project that aims to empower decentralized efforts in increasing transparency of Internet censorship around the world. Our mission is to ensure a free and open Internet by increasing transparency of Internet censorship around the world. We believe that everyone should have equal and open access to information. We aim to help create and defend an Internet where human rights – particularly freedom of expression and access to information – are promoted and protected around the world. We know that we can’t do this alone. This is why we have built a decentralized, citizen-led, Internet censorship observatory. We create free and open source network measurement tools that anyone can use to measure Internet censorship. We openly publish measurements to provide a public archive on network interference and to increase transparency of Internet censorship around the world. All of our methodologies, tools, and measurements are entirely open, transparent, and peer-reviewed. By increasing transparency of internet censorship, we aim to support public debate on information controls and promote social justice on the Internet. You can contact the OONI team by sending an email to [email protected]. Encrypted emails can be sent using the following PGP key: pub 4096R/6B2943F00CB177B7 2016-03-23 Key fingerprint = 4C15 DDA9 96C6 C0CF 48BD 3309 6B29 43F0 0CB1 77B7 uid [ultimate] OONI - Open Observatory of Network Interference sub 4096R/8EBD2087374399AB 2016-03-23 For real-time communication, you can reach us on Slack https://slack.ooni.org/ or IRC ircs://irc.oftc. net:6697/#ooni. OutRight Action International, The Citizen Lab, OONI Contents Glossary ................................................................................................................................... i Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................. v Executive Summary ...............................................................................................................1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................................................................1 Purpose ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Methodology ............................................................................................................................................................................ 2 Limitations ............................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Key Overall Findings .............................................................................................................................................................. 3 Summary of Technical Findings .......................................................................................................................................... 5 Key Findings by Country ........................................................................................................................................................7 OutRight Action International’s Recommendations ......................................................................................................11 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................13 Rationale and Environmental Overview...........................................................................................................................14 Research Questions ..............................................................................................................................................................16 Case Studies ............................................................................................................................................................................ 17 Research Methods and Questions .....................................................................................................................................18 Information Controls Overview .........................................................................................19 How are Websites Blocked? ...............................................................................................................................................20 No Access: LGBTIQ Website Censorship in Six Countries Indonesia ..............................................................................................................................22 Highlights .............................................................................................................................................................................. 23 Background ............................................................................................................................................................................ 24 Public Opinion and Legal Situation for LGBTIQ People in Indonesia ..................................................................... 25 Access Restrictions to LGBTIQ Content Online in Indonesia ...................................................................................29 Technical Analysis of LGBTIQ Website Blocking in Indonesia .........................................................................32 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................................................................. 42 Malaysia ................................................................................................................................ 44 Highlights ............................................................................................................................................................................... 45 Background ............................................................................................................................................................................46 Public Opinion and Legal Situation for LGBTIQ People in Malaysia
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