South West Regional Plan

A South West Regional Plan

South West Regional Plan planning for a stronger, more liveable and sustainable community August 2009 B South West Regional Plan

South West Regional Plan Disclaimer: This document is produced to The regional plan does not commit or convey general information. While every pertain to commit any government, industry care has been taken in preparing this or community organisation to implement, Prepared by: document, the State of Queensland accepts fund or otherwise resource specific activities The Honourable Stirling Hinchliffe MP, no responsibility for decisions or actions or programs. Minister for Infrastructure and Planning, taken as a result of any data, information, All maps are intended to represent general in accordance with the Integrated Planning statement or advice, express or implied, concepts for the purpose of broad-scale Act (IPA) 1997, Division 4, Section 2.5A. contained within. The contents of this regional planning. These maps do not, document were correct to the best of our With assistance from: and are not intended to identify, or give knowledge at the time of publishing. Department of Infrastructure and Planning attributes or rights, including land use and Any reference to legislation contained within development rights, to specific land parcels. In consultation with: is not an interpretation of the law. It is to Boundaries and locations are indicative only, South West Regional Coordination be used as a guide only. The information and may be subject to further refinement. Committee contained within does not take into The Department of Infrastructure and consideration any reference to individual Planning does not guarantee, or make Published by: circumstances or situations. Where any representations as to the accuracy or appropriate independent legal advice should completeness of the information shown be sought. on these maps, nor does it accept any responsibility or liability for any loss or Release notes damage arising from its use. For more information on the regional The Department of Infrastructure and The South West Regional Plan is released plan contact: Planning brings together planning, by the Minister for Infrastructure and local government and infrastructure Planning, in accordance with the Integrated Department of Infrastructure and Planning responsibilities into one department Planning Act 1997, section 2.5A.15. It is a post PO Box 979 Bundaberg Qld 4670 enabling government to deliver integrated statutory instrument under the Statutory solutions, face the state’s population Instruments Act 1992. visit Level 1, 7 Takalvan Street and economic challenges and secure a Bundaberg Qld 4670 The regional plan applies to the South West sustainable future for Queensland. tel 1300 724 051 regional local government areas as defined © The State of Queensland (Department under IPA, section 2.5A.2. It replaces the fax +61 7 4151 9745 of Infrastructure and Planning) 2009. Draft South West Regional Plan (the draft email [email protected] plan) released by the regional planning Published by the Queensland Government, web www.dip.qld.gov.au/southwest August 2009, 100 George Street, Brisbane Minister on 5 August 2008. The draft plan Qld 4000. was subject to community consultation Copies of the regional plan are available: and comment up to 30 November 2008. online www.dip.qld.gov.au/southwest The Queensland Government supports and A consultation report, which summarised encourages the dissemination and exchange the issues raised during the consultation for viewing at most council chambers, of information. However, copyright protects period was released on 13 August 2009. It libraries and customer service centres within this document. The State of Queensland is available at www.dip.qld.gov.au/southwest the local government areas covered by the has no objection to this material being or by calling 1300 724 051. regional plan reproduced, made available online or electronically but only if it is recognised as The regional plan has been prepared in for free on CD-ROM or in hard copy by the owner of the copyright and this material good faith, taking into account all public contacting Department of Infrastructure and remains unaltered. Copyright inquiries about submissions, to provide a framework for the Planning offices in Bundaberg and Brisbane management and development of the South this publication should be directed to the by phoning 1300 724 051 Crown Copyright Administrator via email, West for more than 20 years. by emailing [email protected] [email protected] or in writing to The regional plan represents an agreed PO Box 15168, City East, Queensland 4002. Queensland Government position on the Department of Infrastructure and Planning future of the South West region. Any offices: 978-0-9804831-7-8 ISBN: plans, policies and codes being prepared RPS_0056_.03_Pu or amended by state agencies or local Level 1, 7 Takalvan Street Bundaberg government must reflect and align with the Qld regional plan. 7LSTJVSRX+ISVKI7XVIIX Brisbane Qld

The Queensland Government is committed to providing accessible services to Queenslanders from all culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. If you have difficulty understanding this document and need an interpreter, please call the Translating and Interpreting Service (TIS National) on 131 450 and ask them to telephone the Queensland Department of Infrastructure and Planning on 07 3227 8548. South West Regional Plan planning for a stronger, more liveable and sustainable community

Regional vision A region that has maintained a strong sense of community identity, resilience and respect for country, with well-resourced community services. A place where life continues to happen and where the natural sciences brand drives the region’s economic development, prosperity and liveability.

A region where opportunities for strong, diverse and creative industries have been realised. A region where the natural environment has been managed sustainably and where adaptive approaches have been implemented to meet the challenges of the 21st century.

2 South West Regional Plan

Contents

PART A—Introduction...... 5 3.5 Skills, recruitment and retention...... 26 Background and purpose...... 5 3.6 Education and training ...... 27 Statutory regional plans...... 6 3.7 Arts, culture, sport and recreation...... 27 Working with other plans and strategies ...... 6 3.8 Cultural values ...... 28 Preparation...... 6 4. Urban development...... 30 Application, implementation and review ...... 6 4.1 Regional activity centres network...... 30 Structure of the regional plan...... 7 4.2 Housing...... 30 Maps...... 7 4.3 Planning and design...... 31 4.4 Disaster management ...... 33 PART B—Regional vision...... 8 5. Economic development ...... 34 PART C—Strategic directions...... 9 5.1 Marketing a resilient region...... 34 Creating a more sustainable future ...... 9 5.2 Tourism...... 35 Protecting regional landscapes and supporting 5.3 Energy and mineral resource development...... 36 natural resource production values ...... 9 5.4 Business and land development ...... 37 Enhancing the identity of regional communities...... 9 5.5 Rising transport costs and oil vulnerability ...... 38 Providing infrastructure and services...... 9 5.6 Energy ...... 39 Integrating land use, transport and economic activity ...... 9 6. Infrastructure...... 40 PART D—Regional activity centres network...... 10 6.1 Delivering regional infrastructure...... 41 Major rural activity centres ...... 10 PART F—Implementation, monitoring and review...... 43 District rural activity centres ...... 11 Plan making ...... 43 Community activity centres...... 11 Implementation ...... 44 Specialist activity centres...... 12 Roles and responsibilities...... 44 Other community hubs...... 12 Monitoring and reporting...... 44 PART E—Regional policies and strategies ...... 13 Review process...... 44 Underlying principles...... 13 Community involvement in implementation...... 44 1. Natural environment...... 15 Appendix 1...... 46 Desired regional outcome...... 15 Mapping methodology for areas of ecological significance.46 1.1 Biodiversity ...... 15 2. Natural resources ...... 18 Appendix 2 ...... 47 2.1 Sustainable production ...... 19 Maps...... 47 2.2 Water resources ...... 20 Bibliography ...... 54 2.3 Pest management ...... 21 Glossary...... 55 3. Strong communities ...... 22 3.1 Promotion, perception and advocacy ...... 23 Acknowledgments...... 57 3.2 Health...... 23 3.3 Young people...... 25 3.4 Partnerships, networks and coordination ...... 25 3

List of tables and figures Table 1. Specific climate change projections for the South West region ...... 14 Table 2. Estimated resident population figures for the South West region shires ...... 22 Table 3. Gas pipeline projects— South West Queensland...... 36

Figure 1. Relationship between the regional plan and other plans and strategies ...... 6 Figure 2. Regional plan flowchart...... 7 Figure 3. Estimated resident population 1996-2007 ...... 22 Figure 4. Population projections to 2031 ...... 22 Figure 5. The adaptive management planning process ...... 43 4 South West Regional Plan

South West Locality Map

PART A—Introduction

limited access to local, national and maximising benefits and managing Background and international markets impacts of major projects purpose outward migration, especially of young driving innovation and productivity people, from rural to urban areas ensuring the public, private and South West Queensland, characterised difficulty in attracting and retaining community sectors are working towards by its rural and natural landscapes, skilled workers the same goal is one of the most remote areas in the state. The South West covers an area of fluctuations in commodity prices. improving cooperation between 230 000 square kilometres and has a all levels of government and local population of 82001 people. This equates Rural communities in the South West communities. to an average population density of 0.04 are exceptionally resilient, and while people per square kilometre. A further maintaining their strong rural traditions, Future challenges that face communities 300–500 people employed in the Cooper they recognise the need to adapt to in the South West include population and Eromanga basins fly in and out on global, national and local trends. loss in some centres, increased a regular basis. transport costs, climate change, natural Local communities have recently been hit resource degradation, renewable energy The region comprises the local hard by natural disasters such as drought development and a shift to a more governments of Bulloo, Murweh, Paroo and have also been adversely affected by diverse economy. and Quilpie Shire Councils. significant rural industry shifts, including the decline in the wool market. To meet these challenges, the South 3 The South West is part of Australia’s West Regional Coordination Committee arid inland and experiences extreme In response to these challenges believes health, education, transport and temperatures, drought and floods. People affecting rural Queenslanders, the sustainable natural resource management who live and work in this part of the Queensland Government’s Blueprint for must be the region’s top priorities. 2 state are affected by a number of factors, the Bush program and Rural Economic To grow the South West’s potential as 4 including: Development and Infrastructure Plan the ‘home of the natural sciences’ , were developed to lay the foundations these services need to be provided and long distances to essential services for the future sustainable, liveability and appropriately managed. prosperity of these communities. The increased temperatures and extremes South West Regional Plan will be an The regional plan, whilst meeting some of drought and flood essential mechanism for managing change of the government’s Blueprint for the uncertainty in relation to climate and shaping the prospects of rural Bush commitments, is also part of change communities in the region by: a wider process— ensuring that a consistent and contemporary regional remoteness and limited access to addressing key economic, social and planning framework is operating across transport networks environmental issues all of Queensland. This framework is a prioritising infrastructure and service needs key mechanism for integrating federal, state and local government planning

1 Australian Bureau of Statistics 2007, Regional Population Growth Australia 1996–2006 (3218.0). 2 Department of Communities, Queensland Government, Blueprint for the Bush (2006). 3 The South West Regional Coordination Committee (formerly South West Regional Planning Advisory Committee) was formed following the designation of the South West region under section 2.5A.2 of the IPA. 4 South West Regional Development Association Inc. 6 South West Regional Plan

agendas, linking infrastructure and service Figure 1. Relationship between this plan and other regional plans and strategies provision to manage future population change, and providing certainty to Regional communities and the business sector. Regional economic social Regional tourism strategies development strategies The regional plan applies to those local strategies government areas within the South West region as defined in schedule 3A of the Regional Integrated Planning Regulation 1998. conservation It comprises the Murweh, Paroo, Quilpie strategies and Bulloo shires. Regional plans

Regional vision and Statutory regional desired regional outcomes Regional Regional plans water plans natural and strategies resource Recent amendments to the Integrated management Planning Act 1997 allow new or amended plans regional plans to take statutory effect. Under a statutory regional plan, all Other regional Regional Regional infrastructure subject5 development and land use in strategies transport strategies the region will need to comply with plans the regional plan. The responsible local government authority must amend its planning scheme to reflect the regional plan, within 90 business days of the regional plan’s gazettal. The regional plan Preparation Application, prevails where there is inconsistency implementation between it and a local government The regional plan has been developed planning scheme within the region. with extensive advice from the Regional and review Coordination Committee under provisions The regional plan does not include of section 2.5A of the Integrated The regional plan is a statutory instrument regulatory provisions in relation to land Planning Act 1997. The role of the under the Statutory Instruments Act 1992 use, nor does it specify region-specific Regional Coordination Committee is to: and a planning instrument under the variations to current state planning policies. Integrated Planning Act 1997. provide advice to the Planning Minister on regional planning matters Local government planning schemes are Working with other assist with the preparation, the primary mechanisms for managing plans and strategies implementation and review of the urban development. Best practice will regional plan be achieved through the implementation of local planning schemes resulting in Other regional planning initiatives in the facilitate the resolution of regional sustainable regional communities. South West region include development planning issues of the non-statutory regional health promote a coordinated approach to Regional policies and strategies provide services plan and the existing South West regional planning. the planning principles and guidelines and Desert Channels Queensland natural for managing future land use and resource management plans. These were The draft regional plan was initially development. Where appropriate, a considered in the development of the made available for public comment combination of land use policies and Draft South West Regional Plan. for a period of 60 business days, as aligned strategies are used to implement per the provisions of the Integrated the desired regional outcomes for the Also considered were statutory Planning Act 1997. This was extended regional plan. planning activities including water for a further 22 business days. After resource and resource operations plans considering comments received from Land use policies are those policies relating for the Warrego, Paroo and Bulloo the public, local governments and to land use matters under the jurisdiction River systems, the Great Artesian other state agencies through formal of the Integrated Planning Act 1997. Basin water resource plan and the submissions, the state government These are primarily implemented through regional vegetation management produced the final regional plan. local government planning schemes and codes for the western bioregions.

5 Some development assessment and approval processes lie outside the jurisdiction of the Integrated Planning Act 1997. For example, approvals relating to mining and energy developments on mining tenements and for state-significant projects are provided under other legislation. Regional plans are taken to be state interests under the Integrated Planning Act 1997, and to the extent that state interests apply in those legislative processes, the regional plan’s policies apply. Part A—Introduction 7

any other mechanisms that fall under the Part D Regional activity centres Figure 2. Regional plan flowchart Integrated Planning Act 1997. network—applies a statewide framework, used to characterise Aligned strategies are designed to assist Queensland’s centres, their in achieving a desired regional outcome, facilities and services, to South South West generally through a collaborative approach, West regional centres. Regional Plan and are aligned with other legislation, plans, processes and voluntary programs. Part E Regional policies and strategies—provides the Part A: Introduction They may be implemented by various planning principles and stakeholders including local, state and guidelines for managing Background material to establish the context and intent of the federal governments, non-government land use and development regional plan organisations such as community groups of the South West region. or natural resource management groups, These should be reflected in and the private sector. Resourcing of all relevant plans, policies Part B: Regional vision programs to achieve these policy outcomes and codes being prepared or Outlines the desired future for the may come from government, non- amended by the Queensland South West region government or private sector investment. Government or local Aligned strategies do not commit the governments in the South West government to the provision of funding for region. any particular action or program. Part C: Strategic directions Part F Implementation, monitoring and Broad policy framework The statutory regional planning framework review—sets out the proposed provides for a formal monitoring and governance arrangements for review process across the state, which is implementing the regional plan Part D: Regional activity an important element in any regional land and describes how these will be centres network use planning framework. The outcomes monitored and reviewed. and policies of the regional plans will be Statewide framework to monitored and used in the formal review characterise Queensland centres, their facilities and services of the regional plan. A formal review will Maps be undertaken at least every 10 years. Notwithstanding the above, the Planning The maps contained in the regional plan Minister can amend the regional plan at are based on available data at the time Part E: Regional policies any time under the procedures set out in of printing. The information sources used Planning principles and guidelines the Integrated Planning Act 1997. to prepare these maps vary, with respect for managing land use and to scale, accuracy and currency. development of the South West region. These should be reflected in relevant plans, policies Structure of the The Department of Environment and and codes being prepared or regional plan Resource Management has prepared amended by the Queensland mapping showing areas of ecological Government or local governments significance. The maps have been in the South West region As shown in Figure 2, the regional plan prepared from high quality data sets of comprises the following: terrestrial vegetation, key threatened species’ habitats, and wetlands. The Part A Introduction—provides Aligned Land use accuracy of mapping is considered background material to strategies policies reliable for planning purposes at a establish the context and detailed level. Given the size of the intent of the regional plan. region, the scale used in map 2 of It also outlines the need for the regional plan should only be used Part F: Implementation, the regional plan and its as general information. More detailed monitoring and review relationship with other planning information on the region’s areas of Governance arrangements for processes and instruments. ecological significance is available from implementing the regional plan the Department of Environment and Part B Regional vision—outlines the Resource Management website. desired future for the South West region. The maps in the plan are not regulatory maps and are to be used as information Part C Strategic directions—sets down guides only. the broad policy framework for the regional plan. 8 South West Regional Plan

PART B— Regional vision

A region that has maintained The vision defines the region’s long-term objectives, focusing on the key elements a strong sense of community of social wellbeing, economic prosperity identity, resilience and and a healthy environment. respect for country, with The vision was developed in collaboration well-resourced community with the Regional Coordination services. A place where life Committee, South West Regional continues to happen and Development Association, working groups where the ‘natural sciences’ and the wider community. brand drives the region’s It promotes the notion of the South West economic development, region being the home of the natural sciences, which capitalises on the natural prosperity and liveability. assets of the region and the lifestyle they A region where opportunities afford. This concept highlights the region for strong, diverse and as a desirable place to live, work and creative industries have been visit and its promotion will help enhance the sustainability of the region’s economy. realised. A region where the natural environment The South West will focus on has been managed strengthening the sustainability of individual communities, while maintaining sustainably and where the riches of the natural environment adaptive approaches have and optimising the economic, social and been implemented to meet lifestyle potential of the region. the challenges of the 21st century. Part C—Strategic directions 9

PART C—Strategic directions

To achieve the region’s Protecting regional It is intended that the regional network vision and desired outcomes, of centres will assist in strengthening landscapes and supporting the strong sense of community that the regional plan proposes already exists. This will be achieved a range of policies to natural resource production through access to community facilities manage change and create values such as schools, hospitals and other government services. Another intention a sustainable future for The South West is characterised by of the network is to encourage the South West. These distinctive rural and natural landscapes appropriate private sector investment in policies are guided by that support rural production, tourism, housing and commercial enterprises. strategic directions necessary the extraction and use of non-renewable and renewable resources, as well as Providing infrastructure to achieve change and recreational, social and cultural activities, sustainability in the region. and Indigenous culture. and services

The region is vulnerable to the impacts of Infrastructure and services required to climate change and is likely to experience support the future development of the Creating a more temperature increases and less rainfall, as region are identified in the regional sustainable future well as more severe droughts, heatwaves plan. Human services and supporting and floods. infrastructure will be a key focus of A key objective of the regional plan attention across the region. is to ensure economic development is The regional plan recognises the managed in an ecologically sustainable importance of the landscape and natural way. The region’s open space and resources as the basis for the region’s Integrating land abundant sunlight make it ideal future prosperity and liveability. The plan use, transport and for alternative energy research and will assist in identification of threats to development. natural resources and deliver outcomes to economic activity ensure the sustainable use and protection The South West is a sparsely inhabited of natural resources and the maintenance Community wellbeing, quality of life and area, where both providing and accessing of the environmental values of the region. economic development opportunities services such as health, education and can be enhanced by access to a good information is challenging. The regional transport system. The system must plan aims to support a network of Enhancing the identity balance the need for more efficient and centres, build and maintain community effective access to local, regional, national identity and improve service delivery. of regional communities and international markets with: The regional plan also proposes improved The regional plan places emphasis the need to develop alternative access to up-to-date information and on maintaining the unique character transport strategies that reduce the communication technology. of towns and local centres, while region’s carbon footprint maintaining and enhancing services to these communities by supporting increased expectations from an ageing a regional network of centres. community requiring access to health services. 10 South West Regional Plan

PART D—Regional activity centres network

A classification system has avoiding the loss of services and opportunities, convenience and infrastructure that could undermine the retail shopping and other services. been developed to describe sustainability of a centre Populations generally range from towns within regions 2000 to 5000 residents. providing justification for service based on their population, provision over and above the use of Charleville is the major rural activity population figures employment, business centre in the South West region and has activities, facilities and strategically identifying where a population of about 3500. Although services. The classification’s growth should be encouraged and Charleville has a low urban density, infrastructure and services located purpose is to highlight compared to other activity centres in identifying the type and scale of the state, it services—in conjunction significant service delivery developments and activities appropriate with rural activity centres—a vast roles, especially for small for each centre, and informing planning area of 232 500 square kilometres. application decisions centres serving dispersed Charleville provides regional services for populations. This classification promoting access between communities health, including the base hospital with system, called the regional promoting cost sharing of infrastructure visiting specialist services. Education to activity centres network, will and services between centres, in turn Year 12 is provided, along with a TAFE reducing competition between local College, the School of Distance Education help governments plan how governments in obtaining funding, and Croxdale (former Department and where to deliver services services or facilities of Primary Industries and Fisheries research station), which will focus on and infrastructure throughout maintaining and enhancing the teaching accredited bush skills for inter- environmental values of the region. the region. regional and intra-regional students. The network of centres is dynamic There are four classifications of activity and there may be changes over time. The Cosmos Centre and Corones Hotel centres that apply to the South West: Subsequent reviews of the regional plan are two of Charleville’s main tourist major rural activity centres will reflect any significant change in role attractions, with the conservation efforts and function of the centres. of the bilby captive breeding facility district rural activity centres also providing a focus for tourists. community activity centres specialist activity centres. Charleville is a major rural regional Major rural activity administrative centre for a range of The regional activity centres network will centres state government services including help communities plan for services and Queensland Health, Department of Environment and Resource Management, infrastructure and identify the type of Charleville developments appropriate for each centre. Queensland Police and the Department It will improve social and economic Major rural activity centres serve of Education and Training. Charleville is benefits for the local community by: catchments of regional significance one of four Queensland bases for the and offer employment and business Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia. Part D—Regional activity centres network 11

Charleville has good access to the a local general practitioner and non- sustain services is recognised. The arterial road network outside the resident medical services, including mechanisms used to deliver services region, particularly between Roma and visiting specialist medical services. in the future, however, may not Longreach and is serviced by daily necessarily reflect existing models. commercial flights from Brisbane. Quilpie is the local government administration centre for Quilpie Shire Queensland Rail provides a twice- and provides a range of services weekly passenger service to Charleville to the community. The railway line Community activity on the Westlander with connections to to South West Queensland ends in centres Cunnamulla and Quilpie. Coach services Quilpie. It is an important railhead for connect travellers to Brisbane, Mount the transportation of cattle and wool. Isa, Rockhampton and interstate. The Quilpie is also a centre for the opal Eulo, Wyandra, Morven, town has road links to the four district industry in western Queensland. Adavale, Eromanga, rural activity centres of Cunnamulla, Noccundra, Yowah, Quilpie, Thargomindah and Augathella. Thargomindah is the administration centre for Bulloo Shire and provides a Hungerford Charleville is a significant focal range of facilities for the community. It Community activity centres in the South point for employment and economic is also the nearest district rural activity West provide essential services and social development, and provides a mix of centre to the far south–west gas and oil interaction for residents in rural and businesses and services to the region. fields and the South Australian border. remote locations. They are characterised One example is the Charleville goat by low populations, usually fewer than Cunnamulla is the administration processing plant, operated by Western 300 residents. These centres provide a centre for Paroo Shire and provides Exporters. It provides employment for limited range of services such as a single significant local government services around 85 people and exports meat convenience store, primary school, service for the district. It is also a hub for primarily to the USA and Europe. The station, public bar or a combination of some state government services current global economic crisis may these. Most of these centres have limited and is located on the major inland cause job cuts in all export focussed education facilities, are linked to district highway link to New South Wales. enterprises, posing considerable health services, have limited access to threats to centres like Charleville. other government services and may have Augathella is the second largest a single-officer police station. The need to sustain or increase the level town in Murweh Shire and provides a range of facilities including a of services in Charleville during the life A town’s current service level may be a primary school, hospital and some of the regional plan will be dependent reflection of a prior higher population. state government services. on population change, economic activity Some services exist due to a single and alternative economic initiatives. industry or attraction. For example, Yowah Quilpie, Thargomindah and Cunnamulla Increases in economic activity and and Eromanga are known for their opals. have sealed airstrips and weekly flights broadening the economic base of the Eromanga is also located near one of the by a commercial airline. These airports region have the potential to increase largest oil-producing areas in mainland provide access for the Royal Flying services and improve community and Australia and includes a small-scale Doctor Service and charter services. cultural facilities in the centres. refinery. Other centres, such as Wyandra, were developed during construction of Cunnamulla and Quilpie have educational the railway line. Wyandra has a primary facilities to Year 12, whilst the other school, church, police station, post office District rural activity centres have primary school facilities. and recreation facilities. Hungerford, All these centres have police stations. centres Noccundra and other similar settlements They have good road access to have historic significance and provide Charleville, however, roads are often recreational facilities for tourists Quilpie, Thargomindah, cut for part of the year due to floods. Cunnamulla, Augathella and locals. Each of these towns is a centre Although population growth in these District rural activity centres provide for district and regional community centres is not anticipated to be essential functions for local communities interactions, such as sports and social substantial, the need to sustain services and surrounding districts. Populations events. Historical trends show peaks is recognised. As with district rural activity generally range from 300 to 2000. These and troughs in population, investment centres, the mechanisms used to deliver centres provide people with weekly and employment, based on commodity services in the future may not, however, shopping needs and essential services prices, resource demand and climate. such as groceries and postal services necessarily reflect existing models. within a travelling distance of one to two Although population growth in hours. They also offer local government these centres is not anticipated and health services that may include to be substantial, the need to 12 South West Regional Plan

The Jackson, Ballera and Tarbot Specialist activity settlements provide accommodation and Other community centres facilities for between 300 and 500 workers hubs who fly-in and fly-out on a regular basis to Adelaide, Brisbane and beyond. Ballera Jackson oil field, Ballera, Other localities provide the focus for is serviced by a jet-capable, sealed Tarbot social interaction and services, often airstrip. All three centres are accessible centred on a school, church or sporting from Quilpie and Thargomindah via a The oil field at Jackson and the gas facility. Due to their limited population sealed, single-lane road. reserves at Ballera and Tarbot are all and service diversity, these community located in the far south-western part hubs are not classified as part of the As these centres are privately owned and of the region, centred on the Cooper regional activity centres network. and Eromanga basins. They are owned managed, their long-term futures will be and managed by Santos Ltd. They are dependent on the mining of existing oil also the locations of the main workers’ and gas reserves and the development accommodation facilities in this part of of new reserves. It is expected that the the region, although there are several current reserves of gas and oil will be outlying satellite settlements such as depleted during the first quarter of this Watson, Tickalara, Cooroo and Naccowlah. century and within the lifetime of this plan. When that occurs, these centres will no longer exist in their current form. Part E—Regional policies and strategies 13

PART E—Regional policies and strategies

This section outlines the intra-generational equity—ensuring Underlying principles a fair share of resources and fundamental principles, opportunity among present generations policies and desired regional Ecological sustainability precautionary principle—ensuring that outcomes that will guide The overriding intent of the regional plan where there are threats of serious or planning and development is to ensure a coordinated, sustainable irreversible environmental damage, assessment in the South response to future growth pressures in a lack of full scientific certainty is the region. The challenge is to enhance not used as a reason for postponing West over the next 20 years. the region’s economy and people’s quality measures to prevent environmental of life, without compromising ecological degradation The policies guide state and local sustainability. government planning processes and conserving biological diversity and decision making, as well as private Since 1994, sustainable development ecological integrity—protecting the investment in the region. They also assist principles have been included in a range variety of all life forms, their genetic the federal government in determining of Queensland’s legislative instruments diversity and the ecosystem of which funding priorities for natural resource such as the Environmental Protection they form a part, recognising the management under other federally Act 1994, Integrated Planning Act 1997 various services they provide to funded programs. and Water Act 2000. The Queensland humans as well as their intrinsic values Government is also a signatory to the internalising environmental costs— The regional plan is the primary planning Intergovernmental Agreement on the ensuring that the true costs and document in the South West. Local Environment 1992 and the National life-cycle costs (incurred from when government planning schemes must be Strategy for Ecologically Sustainable inputs are produced through to waste consistent with the intent of the desired Development 1992. disposal) of protecting from and regional outcomes, objectives and policies restoring environmental damage contained within this plan. The Queensland framework for are reflected in the price of a product ecologically sustainable decision making or service. The policies are set out under the has been used to inform the development engaged governance—ensuring broad following headings: of objectives, policies and strategies community involvement in decisions in the regional plan. The framework 1. Natural environment and actions that affect its members. comprises: 2. Natural resources integrated and long-term decision Sustainability and climate 3. Strong communities making—incorporating long- and short- change 4. Urban development term environmental, economic and social considerations Queenslanders are becoming increasingly 5. Economic development concerned about climate change and its Inter-generational equity—ensuring the impacts. There is overwhelming scientific 6. Infrastructure health, diversity and productivity of the evidence that human-induced climate environment is maintained or enhanced change is occurring, primarily due to for the benefit of future generations increasing concentrations of greenhouse 14 South West Regional Plan

gases in the atmosphere. Increased Responding to oil supply sectors are firmly structured around an temperatures, decreased rainfall, and abundant supply of low-cost oil, making increased severity of droughts are only Most of the world is now dependent on the region vulnerable to changes in the some of the expected changes. The a diminishing number of oil-producing supply and price of oil. expected changes in temperature and countries for their oil needs. The amount rainfall are likely to affect the industries of oil discovered each year peaked in the The target to cut the carbon footprint by of the South West region. Table 1 portrays mid-1960s and has been falling steadily one-third by 2020 is a key component in projected impacts. since. Whilst oil production has been achieving the ‘green ambition’ outlined essentially stable since 2005, current in Toward Q2:Tomorrow’s Queensland. International and Australian research rates of production are predicted to Given the region’s dependence on indicates that there are significant decline within the next five years. vehicular transport and industries that are benefits to be gained from responding heavy users of oil-based fuels, such as immediately to climate change, by both Australia and Queensland are becoming agriculture and mining, mechanisms that reducing the emission of greenhouse more dependent on imported oil and contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gases, and adapting to climate change oil-based fuels, so that Queensland’s emissions and reduce vulnerability impacts that will occur regardless of consumption (and that of other states) to rising oil prices are incorporated global efforts to reduce emissions. is strongly linked to global supply and throughout the policies in part E of the In simple terms, earlier reduction of demand. As in many parts of the world, regional plan. emissions and adaptation to climate South West communities and economic change will mean fewer costs to economic growth and lifestyle. Table 1. Specific climate change projections for the South West region

Toward Q2: Tomorrow’s Queensland sets a target to cut Queensland’s carbon Increase in annual Number of days greater footprint by one-third, with reduced Timeframe temperature (degrees °C) than 35 degrees °C waste, fuel and electricity use by 2020. (Region: South West) (Location: Charleville) Regional climate change actions for the Present 64 South West will also be influenced by statewide and national climate change 2030 average 1.1 [0.8–1.6] 84 [74–90] initiatives and policies, including the (mid emissions) Queensland Government’s ClimateSmart 2070 average 1.9 [1.2–2.7] 99 [85–116] strategy and the Commonwealth (low emissions) Government’s proposed Carbon Pollution 2070 average 3.6 [2.4–5.2] 130 [107–162] 6 Reduction Scheme. (high emissions)

(Source: CSIRO, baseline period 1971–2000)

6 See www.climatechange.qld.gov.au Part E—Regional policies and strategies 15

1. Natural environment

Desired regional outcome

A natural environment that is well managed to protect the region’s rich biodiversity, ecological processes and water resources.

The South West is known for its vast The South West takes in the catchments recognised as part of the ongoing support natural landscapes, rivers and wetlands of the Warrego, Paroo and Bulloo of contemporary Aboriginal culture. and diverse vegetation communities. This Rivers and parts of Cooper Creek and landscape, with its waters, plants and the Balonne–Culgoa river system. The Sustaining natural and cultural assets is animals, has a continuing spiritual and Warrego, Paroo and Nebine river systems recognised in Blueprint for the Bush as physical connection for the Aboriginal form part of the northern headwaters a major initiative in achieving long-term people who live in the region. The region of the Murray-Darling Basin, while the natural resource management. has a reputation as the home of the catchments in the west of the region, natural sciences. some of which form part of the Lake Eyre Basin, are internally draining. The Channel 1.1 Biodiversity The region’s climate ranges from arid Country, which includes Cooper Creek, to semi-arid and has a highly variable is a broad network of flooded alluvial Conserving biodiversity is part of rainfall, with an annual average of plains, water courses and swamps. natural resource management and use, around 200 millimetres in the far west, As floodwaters spread out into shallow which underpins the economic, cultural, to more than 400 millimetres in the east.7 inland rivers, they produce and spiritual, social and physical wellbeing Average annual daily temperatures range rejuvenate pastures to provide excellent of the region, the home of the natural from 13.5 °C to 29.1 °C. Temperatures pasture growth. are, however, quite variable, with the sciences. The need to protect and highest temperature of 49 °C recorded in In addition to surface water resources, the conserve biodiversity is an underlying Thargomindah and the lowest temperature Great Artesian Basin provides groundwater principle of national, state, regional and of -5 °C recorded in Charleville. for the pastoral industry, rural towns and local planning. Evaporation significantly exceeds natural springs. This is a unique and The South West supports 122 regional precipitation throughout the region.9 valuable resource that requires careful ecosystems that host a broad range of Drought occurs regularly and floods management, to ensure it is maintained native species. The threat to biodiversity play a major role in maintaining the into the future. The South West supports through habitat loss is lower in the ecosystems of the major river systems, a range of wildlife, particularly birds Channel Country, one of South West particularly in the Channel Country. These that can be prolific after the onset of Queensland’s two bioregions, than in conditions are predicted to occur more summer floods. The region provides other Queensland regions. Nevertheless, frequently under future climate change habitat (Currawinya National Park) to the the number of rare and threatened forecasts. greater bilby, an iconic mammal that has species remaining in the Channel Country attracted attention in recent years, due shows that significant impacts on wildlife The South West contains two bioregions: to its status as one of Queensland’s 12 have occurred in this bioregion. the Channel Country and the Mulga endangered mammals. Lands.10 The Channel Country supports The story is different for the Mulga Lands 56 regional ecosystems, while the Mulga The South West forms the Country of the bioregion, which is recognised as being Lands support 66 regional ecosystems. Wangkumarra, Bidjara, Boonthamurra, degraded. Studies in the 1980s and 1990s The region has a diverse range of Kunja, Mardigan, Budjiti, Kooma and demonstrated that two-thirds of Mulga pasture communities, including bluegrass, Kullilli Aboriginal Traditional Owner Lands properties west of the Warrego wiregrass, Mitchell Grass Downs, channel groups. It is vital to the implementation River showed signs of serious land pastures, hard and soft mulga, gidgee of this regional plan that the intricate degradation. The causes of degradation pastures and spinifex. In the south-west links between natural resources, cultural are varied and have resulted in the loss corner of the region, the landscape is heritage and the health of the country is of plant and animal species.11 dominated by dune fields and sand plains.

7 Department of Primary Industries (2006) Overview of Western Queensland. Queensland Government. 8 Canty and Associates LLC (2008) Weatherbase. www.weatherbase.com accessed 30/06/08. 9 Bureau of Meteorology (2007) www.bom.gov.au accessed 30/06/08. 10 Environmental Protection Agency (1999) The Conservation Status of Queensland’s Bioregional Ecosystems, Queensland Government 11 Environmental Protection Agency (1999) The Conservation Status of Queensland’s Bioregional Ecosystems, Queensland Government. 16 South West Regional Plan

A small proportion of the region’s Objective 1.1.D Align natural resource management ecosystems is protected in national parks and planning actions by all levels and reserves. Other ecosystems may be To protect, manage and enhance of government and non-government protected in national parks and reserves the extent, diversity, condition and organisations so that they are elsewhere—for example, the Sturt connectivity of the region’s natural areas consistent and timely, and result in National Park and Innamincka Regional to maintain ecological integrity and cost-effective outcomes. Reserve in neighbouring parts of New processes, reverse biodiversity decline South Wales and South Australia, which and increase resilience to the expected 1.1.E Promote an understanding of the protect the ecosystems of the desert impacts of climate change. region’s rich biodiversity and how it country and the Lake Eyre Basin. may best be conserved.

The Currawinya National Park is a Land use policies 1.1.F Prioritise revegetation programs protected area within the region and so that they are undertaken within 1.1.1 Design and operate development includes internationally significant state and regional conservation for urban purposes within areas wetlands. A number of other national corridors, or degraded areas of of high ecological significance, to parks, such as Tregole, Idalia and Lake high ecological significance, using avoid impacts on ecological values. Bindegolly, protect unique vegetation and local native species in a mix that Where avoidance is not possible, wetlands. enhances ecological function. minimise the impacts and then Management of natural resources in the offset residual impacts. South West is the responsibility of a Explanatory notes 1.1.2 Design, operate and setback range of stakeholders including federal, development for urban purposes Specific development controls are state and local governments, regional adjacent to areas of high ecological required in areas of high ecological bodies, landholders, and the broader significance, to avoid adverse significance (see appendix 1 and map 2— community. The South West Queensland impacts on the ecological values. Natural environment in appendix 2), as Traditional Owner Natural Resource identified by the state government. These Management and Cultural Plan, Caring for 1.1.3 Design and operate development areas include: Country, Culture and People,12 recognises for urban purposes, in or adjacent the importance of natural resources to to areas of general ecological wetlands the physical and spiritual wellbeing of significance, to avoid, or where the Traditional Owners of the South West. protected areas avoidance is not possible, minimise The state government’s commitment to any adverse impacts on ecological endangered regional ecosystems protect biodiversity, reduce greenhouse values. gas emissions and manage economic and essential habitat for endangered, environmental problems such as salinity, vulnerable and rare species soil degradation, erosion and declining Aligned strategies non-woody regional ecosystems water quality, has been demonstrated priority regrowth areas. through the phasing out of broad-scale 1.1.A Environmental conservation clearing of remnant vegetation. strategies prioritise the protection Areas of general ecological significance of endangered, of-concern and include other areas containing remnant There are significant biodiversity issues threshold regional ecosystems, and vegetation of particular conservation that need to be addressed in the South the rehabilitation and management value, including not-of-concern vegetation West. The South West Natural Resource of corridors. under the Vegetation Management Management Plan 2008–201313 identifies Act 1999. and describes actions to address many 1.1.B Promote an understanding of of these issues, while providing a guide how farm management planning Corridors establish connections between for investment under various government can conserve the region’s rich core areas of remnant vegetation and natural resource management programs. biodiversity values. provide opportunities for flora and fauna to respond to climate change impacts. The regional plan provides the framework 1.1.C Recognise the important role of for achieving an integrated and Traditional Owners in managing Environmental offsets are positive coordinated approach to biodiversity natural resources, and involve measures taken to counterbalance management, using both voluntary and Aboriginal people in natural negative environmental impacts statutory mechanisms. resource planning and management that cannot otherwise be avoided decisions. or minimised, to ensure no net loss

12 Far South West Aboriginal NRM Group (2008). South West Aboriginal Natural Resources and Cultural Heritage Plan. Charleville, Queensland, Australia. 13 South West Natural Resource Management (NRM) Ltd (2008) South West Natural Resource Management Plan 2008–2013. Part E—Regional policies and strategies 17

of ecological values. An offset may Current programs and projects to achieve be located within or outside the regional biodiversity benefits at property development site and should be legally scale (individual landholders) include: secured. Approval of an offset requires, in the first instance, confirmation that the the Back on Track species prioritisation government’s environmental standards framework—an initiative of the are met. The Queensland Government’s Department of Environment and environmental offset policy, Policy Resource Management that prioritises for Vegetation Management Offsets Queensland’s native species and guides September 2007, and draft policy, Policy species conservation and recovery14 for Biodiversity offsets: consultation draft recovery plans for specific threatened December 2008, jointly provide a policy identified species base and offset calculation methodology for achieving effective offsets. the Delbessie Agreement (formerly known as the Rural Leasehold Land Strategy)—one component of which awards longer term leases over state land, to reward improved management of biodiversity.15

14 See www.epa.qld.gov.au/natureconservation/wildlife/backontrack speciesprioritisationframework. 15 See www.nrw.qld.gov.au/land/state/ruralleasehold/strategy. 18 South West Regional Plan

2. Natural resources

Desired regional outcome

The productive capacity of the region’s landscapes and supporting ecosystems is maintained through the stewardship of informed resource managers, sustaining productivity, minimising impacts from extraction of energy and opal resources and by the early adoption of climate change strategies.

Land, water, vegetation, mineral and harvesting are significant industries energy resources are critical to the in the region, with a processing plant economic development of the South opened in Charleville in 2005. Wild SunWater operates a water supply scheme West, as the home of the natural boar and goat meat are harvested at Cunnamulla on the Warrego River. This sciences. Aboriginal people used these for human consumption and, for the scheme provides water for the irrigation natural resources in a sustainable manner most part, are exported to Europe of grapes, melons, asparagus, small with minimal impact on the natural and Russia with by-products sold for crops and organic wheat, as well as for landscape. Since European settlement, pet food. Currently, the macropod Cunnamulla’s parks. Artesian bores are the the region’s wealth has largely been harvest is largely processed for human source of water for towns in the region, derived from exploitation of renewable consumption. It is anticipated that this with some localities able to source and non-renewable resources. will become a significant export industry. surface water from local watercourses.

Historically, woody vegetation in Harvesting of macropods and wild game The region takes in some of the the region was viewed by early is managed according to environmental Cooper and Eromanga basins, which European settlers as an impediment to legislation. This industry—in cooperation are currently the most significant development. Considerable effort and with landholders—has the capacity to wholly onshore petroleum basins public and private investment was made reduce grazing pressure on the land. The in Australia. Oil is transported to to clear native vegetation. The rate of challenge for this industry is to move refineries in Brisbane and Eromanga vegetation clearing accelerated in the from an opportunistic approach—where and these basins also supply gas 1950s and 1960s with the availability the macropods are harvested as a pest markets in South Australia, New South of heavy equipment and increased land species— to one where macropods Wales, the Australian Capital Territory development, driven by high wool prices. are seen as a product of the natural and Queensland via gas pipelines. Consequently, grazing is the dominant environment that needs managing in land use in the region, with almost all a way that conserves the species and In addition, the region provides a the non-desert parts of the region used provides sustainable yields. In order range of less tangible attractions, for wool and beef production. The beef to move in this desirable direction, such as extensive landscapes that industry remains a major contributor the regulator, shooters, processors attract artists and broad, cloudless to the wealth of the region. Whilst and landholders will need to address skies in which to observe the stars the outcomes for the sheep industry some common issues, especially in and planets. The region also boasts have not been as positive as for the relation to supply and demand. palaeontology sites for research and cattle industry, there are still many education and numerous opportunities wool producers who remain viable and Other natural resources available in the for fishing, bird watching and camping. committed to the industry. A number of region include arable soils for horticulture, operations within the region are now petroleum products and several opal The region’s major threats to sustainable finding that diversification into dual- fields that produce precious opals, as well production in a natural environment purpose wool and meat sheep breeds as a significant quantity of the world’s include impacts from climate change, is strengthening their profitability. output of semi-precious opal products. depletion of non-renewable resources Organic beef and lamb are also of and a range of social and economic significant interest in the South West. The native timber industry, with a major factors that are addressed in other focus on harvesting and milling of sections of the regional plan. However, Goat farming for meat has the potential cypress pine, is a significant contributor the urgent adoption of national to become an alternative to traditional to the local economy of Augathella. policies, particularly in relation to livestock enterprises for producers in The statewide forest process will climate change and the depletion of the South West. Charleville, with its determine future forest management fossil fuels, will provide significant major feral goat processing plant, is arrangements and supply commitments, opportunities for sustainable use of the well positioned to capitalise on this however, in relation to state government natural resources of the South West, opportunity. Macropod and wild game controlled land in the region. including its renewable energy sources. Part E—Regional policies and strategies 19

that a hotter, drier climate is likely, with 2.1.D Use best practice management and 2.1 Sustainable increased evaporation and a decrease in property planning in marketing production soil moisture. In the far west, predictions regional brand products. indicate that there may be increased flows in the Channel Country due to 2.1.E Employ appropriate adaptation Primary production is a key component increased precipitation in the upper strategies in areas used for primary of the South West’s economy, community, catchment of the Cooper Creek system. production, based on the risks of culture and historical identity. The Opportunities for the region to engage in adverse impacts to those lands importance of agriculture to the region the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme arising from climate change. is clear—almost one-quarter of workers or the voluntary carbon market may come are employed in this field.16 A vibrant, about through eligible reforestation, as 2.1.F Encourage land suitability studies prosperous and sustainable rural sector corporations and governments seek to and research into land management is vital to the provision of social, offset greenhouse gas emissions. practices to support sustainable economic and environmental wellbeing rural land use. in the region. 2.1.G Adopt best practices to minimise the The South West has a range of Objectives impacts of erosion and salinity. competitive advantages and important To support and encourage a diverse values in terms of primary production, range of healthy and viable primary 2.1.H Promote the development of including clean air, relatively low use industries whilst ensuring the a regional hazardous waste of chemicals, unique vegetation and a maintenance and improvement of the management strategy that focuses small development footprint compared quality of land and water resources, on agricultural industries and with agricultural development further flora and fauna, and regional provides for safe and cost-effective east. The Great Artesian Basin provides landscapes. management of waste products. reliable supplies of water for stock and To support and encourage primary towns, whilst suitably managed mulga 2.1.I Encourage the planting of trees and industries to capitalise on the region’s country can provide a fodder reserve other land uses and management competitive advantage and develop during drought and, to a limited degree, practices that store carbon. may have a role in future carbon credit or new opportunities. trading schemes. Explanatory notes Land use policy In addition to the mulga country, there The South West’s primary producers are are significant areas of gidgee and 2.1.1 Protect the viability of primary under increasing pressure to compete in channel pastures, Mitchell Grass Downs production through measures such as an uncertain global marketplace and in and Aristida-Bothriochloa pastures that restricting inappropriate subdivision an environment of increasing legislative support grazing of sheep, cattle, goats and development in rural areas. complexity and community scrutiny. and native game.17 Primary producers in the South West Primary production in the South West Aligned strategies are faced with the difficult challenge of faces a series of current and emerging 2.1.A Improve community knowledge growing and diversifying their businesses, challenges. The Mulga Land bioregion is and encourage implementation whilst embracing the concept of being particularly prone to degradation and is of sustainable land management the ‘home of the natural sciences’. They difficult to rehabilitate. The introduction practices within an uncertain face increased expectations from the of hardier stock animals to the region, climate regime. wider community to shoulder much of the such as Brahman cattle and the potential burden of protecting and rehabilitating expansion of goat production, may lead 2.1.B Capitalise on the region’s the environment. to a decrease in groundcover and an advantages through the adoption increase in soil degradation, particularly of new opportunities, management A collaborative effort by primary during times of drought. This may be techniques, diversification and producers, government, educational mitigated, however, through best-practice locally based value-adding to institutions and the community is grazing management. primary industry products. required to overcome this challenge. Primary production in the South West 2.1.C Encourage property management will require adaptation to the challenges planning to incorporate the concept and opportunities presented by climate of a single comprehensive plan and change. Current projections indicate current industry best practice.

16 ABS 2008 17 Department of Primary Industries (2006) Overview of Western Queensland. Queensland Government. 20 South West Regional Plan

The Australian Government has also The Great Artesian Basin is essential for The continued delivery of water to natural produced a range of documents and water security in the region. It provides systems and consumers depends on the agreements that support the principles water for urban, industrial and grazing maintenance of both natural (wetlands, of ecologically sustainable development. uses and for natural springs. However, springs, waterways and aquifers) and groundwater extraction has been built (storages, sewage treatment works, Past and current land use practices unsustainable in the past, resulting in pumping facilities and reticulation have had a significant impact on the falls in pressure heads, drying up of networks) infrastructure. sustainability of the region’s natural springs and land degradation around resources. Significant land degradation free-flowing bores and bore drains. has resulted from the combination of Objective over-stocking, inappropriate vegetation The Great Artesian Basin water resource clearing and fire management regimes, and resource operations plans regulate To manage the region’s river systems, drought, over-extraction of the Great the availability of artesian water for ground water, wetlands and water Artesian Basin and floods. Pest plant and potential development in the South West. resources for sustainable use and to protect animal species are also a major cost for dependent ecosystems and water quality. the industry and government. The Australian Government’s Great Artesian Basin sustainability initiative is addressing The regional plan seeks to ensure that the waste of Great Artesian Basin water Land use policies activities undertaken in the South West from free-flowing bores and bore drains. 2.2.1 Approve development only where are sustainable. A set of indicators A range of issues associated with the Great it has secure access to adequate is needed to measure the level of Artesian Basin will need to be addressed supplies of water of suitable quality sustainability that has been achieved in the future. The regional plan can play to support proposed activity. in the South West over the life of the a role in supporting the following: regional plan. 2.2.2 Plan, design and undertake continuing the bore rehabilitation urban development to protect 2.2 Water resources program environmental values and water ensuring new developments do not quality objectives. Water is the region’s most vital negatively affect current users or the resource. Its availability underpins sustainability of the resource 2.2.3 Adopt a catchment management approach for developments other urban settlement, industry, agricultural considering opportunities for rangeland than rural activities potentially production and development of the conservation and biodiversity impacting on the water quality and resources and energy sector. Water also enhancement in relation to bore health of the Murray-Darling river supports wetlands of international, capping and piping national and regional significance, and system and the Lake Eyre Basin. waterways in the Murray-Darling, Lake adopting adaptive water management Eyre Basin and Bulloo catchments. practices (a need highlighted by 2.2.4 Adopt demand management prolonged drought periods and impacts principles in the planning, design The Paroo and Warrego Rivers, Peery of climate change on water supplies), and construction of water cycle Lakes and other wetlands, lakes and focusing on: infrastructure, including water supply, sewerage and drainage. springs of the region hold special improved understanding of climate meaning for the Traditional Owners, change and variability whose lives were closely tied to the 2.2.5 Ensure any development near irregular, seasonal flows of the region’s new water recycling and storage waterways and wetlands is rivers. Artesian mound springs continue technologies designed, located and operated to to provide a reliable source of water avoid impacts on water quality and during long dry spells. balancing competing uses of water aquatic ecosystems. to support ecological functions and The flow objective of the end-of-valley meet consumption needs. water resource plan for the Warrego River Aligned strategies Water quality and quantity is expected is flow equivalent to 89 per cent of pre- to decline in some areas, due to higher 2.2.A Eliminate point source wastewater development flows. The flow objectives temperatures, increased evaporation and discharge of pollutants to for the Paroo and Bulloo Rivers are lower rainfall. These conditions may suit waterways where practicable, or flows equivalent to 99 per cent of pre- algal blooms. When it does rain, heavy otherwise handle wastewater in development flows. The Cooper Creek downpours will increase the risk of soil accordance with best-practice system is undeveloped and covered by erosion, and the sediment and nutrient environmental management to a water management plan. loads in waterways. The quantity of protect or enhance environmental water available for ecosystem functioning values and meet water quality (environmental flows) is also likely objectives of receiving waters. to decline. Part E—Regional policies and strategies 21

2.2.B Support the development of Water Resources (Coopers Creek) Aligned strategies appropriate management plans to Plan 2000 protect or improve river systems, 2.3.A Prevent and monitor exposure groundwater and wetlands of ;EXIV6IWSYVGIW ;EVVIKS4EVSS to exotic and introduced pests, significance, particularly the Murray- Bulloo and Nebine Catchments) weeds and diseases in the region, Darling river system and the Lake Plan 2003 through the combined efforts of Eyre Basin. government, industry, community ;EXIV6IWSYVGIW 'SRHEQMRIERH and landholders. 2.2.C Support the use of a range Balonne) Plan 2004 of mechanisms to protect, 2.3.B Support responsible pest conserve, enhance and restore ;EXIV6IWSYVGIW +VIEX%VXIWMER management strategies that protect the environmental, social and Basin) Plan 2006 the environment and the productive economic values of river systems, capacity of natural resources, groundwater and wetlands. 7XSVQ[EXIVUYEPMX]GSRXVSP communities, industries and guidelines for local government businesses. 2.2.D Implement the Great Artesian 1998. Basin sustainability initiative (as 2.3.C Improve the community’s ability identified in Blueprint for the Bush) to manage and where possible throughout the region. 2.3 Pest management eliminate pest weeds and animals, in a manner consistent with any 2.2.E Involve Traditional Owners in water endorsed pest or biosecurity An ongoing issue for both agriculture planning and management. management plans or strategies and the environment in the South West 2.2.F Encourage water-efficient is the proliferation of weed species and technologies and practices and use pests. Land managers draw a distinction Explanatory notes water consumption targets for town between woody weeds, on the one water supply planning. hand, and unpalatable plants that are Queensland’s vegetation management widespread throughout the region, but framework regulates the clearing of which dominate and become a nuisance native vegetation. It addresses land Explanatory notes when the land is over-grazed, on the degradation problems such as salinity, other hand. The impact of feral pigs, wild soil degradation, erosion and declining There are a number of government dogs, cats, foxes and goats is a major water quality. instruments, relevant to the Integrated problem in the South West. The cost of Planning Act 1997, aimed at the managing weeds and pest animals is a Under the framework, the Queensland ecologically sustainable management significant burden on landholders and Government ended the broad-scale of water, waterways and wetlands. government agencies. The development clearing of remnant vegetation in These include: of the feral animal harvesting industry December 2006, however, vegetation provides an important pest-management clearing is still allowed for certain Environmental Protection (Water) strategy, but overall, the management of purposes. Policy 2008 Schedule 1 (environmental plant and pest animals is a major issue values and water quality objectives for sustaining the land’s productivity. Clearing native vegetation for weed or for waters) and the Queensland Water pest management is one of the purposes Quality Guidelines 2006, which provide Hotter weather, less rainfall, and carbon for which landholders can apply for environmental values and water quality dioxide fertilisation will affect plant development approval. objectives for water quality management growth and productivity, and may change and protection of aquatic ecosystems. native and cultivated pastures. There Pests are weeds or pest animals The guidelines complement the National could be a shift in the distribution of declared under the Pest and Stock Route Water Quality Management Strategy. existing pests, diseases and weeds, and Management Act 2002. regional vegetation management codes, new ones may appear. There are three classes of declared pests which provide criteria for assessing under this Act. These pests are targeted development in proximity to wetlands for control, because they cause, or have and waterways Objective potential to cause, serious economic, regional water resource plans, which set To manage animals and plants that environmental or social impacts. the balance between consumptive use are known pests, to protect present and water release to sustain riverine and future land use and economic Under the vegetation management ecosystems. Current water resource opportunities. framework, the term ‘weeds’ also includes plans applicable to the region are: non-native plants that are not declared. 22 South West Regional Plan

3. Strong communities

Desired regional outcome The South West is home to a sustainable, prosperous and healthy community that enjoys access to a wide range of high-quality services and an enviable way of life.

The South West is sparsely populated Figure 3. Estimated resident population 1996-2007 with a total regional population of 8176.16 This equates to a regional population density of about 0.04 persons per square kilometre. The largest urban population centres in the region are Charleville, with an approximate population of 3500, and Cunnamulla, with an approximate population of 1300. These two centres accounted for more than half the region’s population in 2006. The other settlements in the region all have populations of fewer than 1000 people. The major settlements in the South West region are Charleville and Augathella in Murweh Shire, Cunnamulla in Paroo Shire, Quilpie in Quilpie Shire, and Thargomindah in Bulloo Shire. These five major population centres are home to over 70 per cent of the region’s population, with the balance located in the rural and remote areas of 18 2 the region. Table Shows population (Source: Planning Information and Forecasting Unit 2007). data for South West Shires. Figure 4. Population projections to 2031 Table 2. Estimated resident population figures for the South West region shires

Estimated Area resident population (2007 preliminary)19 South West 8176 region Murweh Shire 4786

Paroo Shire 2001

Quilpie Shire 1012

Bulloo Shire 377

(Source: ABS 2007, Regional Population Growth Australia 1996-2006 (3218.0)20

(Source: Planning Information and Forecasting Unit 2007). LowMedium High 18 Australian Bureau of Statistics (2007) 6IKMSREP4STYPEXMSR+VS[XL%YWXVEPME¦ (3218.0). 19 Planning Information and Forecasting Unit (2007), Queensland Government 20 ABS (2007) Regional Population Growth Australia 1996–2006 (3218.0). Part E—Regional policies and strategies 23

The change in the South West’s overall The difference in qualification levels Objective estimated resident population between among the population of the South 1996 and 2006 can be seen in Figure 3. West, when compared with the state To capitalise on the South West’s Medium series population projections average, reflects access to education competitive advantages and promote the indicate that the South West’s population opportunities and regional industry region as a great place to work, raise a is expected to continue to experience a structures. A significant proportion family and enjoy a unique lifestyle. slow decline over the next two decades, of workers are employed in beef although this decline is expected to be cattle, sheep and grain farming. Other at a slow rate of -0.1 per cent per annum significant employment categories in Aligned strategy (see Figure 4).21 the region include education, hospitals 3.1.A Promotion of the South West and local government administration.26 is undertaken in a coordinated The age distribution of the South West’s regional manner in order to population is predicted to remain largely maximise benefits. stable over the next 20 years, with a decrease in the proportion of the 3.1 Promotion, population aged 0–14 and an increase perception and in the population aged over 65. By 3.2 Health 2026, the median age of the region’s advocacy population is expected to increase from Delivery of health services is a key 34 to 37. This compares with a projected Despite the employment and lifestyle priority in the South West and is essential increase in average age from 36 to 41 for benefits offered by the region, the low to ensuring safe, healthy and sustainable 22 Queensland as a whole. residential density supports a general communities. Without such services, the belief that the South West struggles to South West will not be able to meet its People in the South West are more likely meet employment, social, cultural and regional vision. to have Australian citizenship and speak recreational needs. The South West is only English at home than the Australian commonly perceived as lacking access to The small size and remoteness of average. The South West has a lower adequate health and education services. communities in the South West pose a proportion of people born overseas than A number of these perceptions are related challenge for the delivery of adequate 23 the Australian average. In contrast, the to constraints that result from sparse health services. This, coupled with the South West has a significantly higher population, distance and differences in difficulties of recruiting health care proportion of Indigenous people than infrastructure delivery, compared to other professionals to these areas, means that Australia as a whole. The proportion of regions. Addressing these issues will small communities in the South West are Indigenous people in the South West rose assist in resolving negative perceptions. generally unable to provide stand-alone from 10.6 per cent of the total population The South West needs to promote health services. Many residents requiring 24 in 1996 to 13.2 per cent in 2006, a shift in the broader community’s health services have to travel long whereas the Indigenous proportion of the perceptions of life in a rural area. distances to access health care. Support Australian population was 2.3 per cent networks are needed for travelling in 2006. The South West will need to adopt an health service clients and their families, integrated marketing and promotional particularly those accessing specialised The South West’s population has lower approach to highlight the region’s unique health care. Community transport is education levels than the Queensland assets, focusing on: recognised as particularly important average. For example, data from the in providing access to services for the 2006 census revealed that the proportion the natural environment transport-disadvantaged. of people in the South West with being the home of the natural sciences tertiary qualifications was lower than Queensland Health identifies the need 25 lifestyle the Queensland average. Community to plan for the delivery of safe and organisation South West Natural Resource cultural heritage sustainable health services to small Management (NRM) Ltd recently noted community belonging and diversity communities—those with populations however that in agricultural families it is of 200 to 2000 people. This includes common for a spouse or partner to hold business and employment developing a minimum suite of health a tertiary degree. opportunities. services that each community will be

21 Department of Infrastructure and Planning (2007) Urban and rural population change and population movement in Western Queensland planning regions p.6. 22 Planning Information and Forecasting Unit (2007), Population and Housing Fact Sheet: South Western Region, Department of Local Government, Planning, Sport and Recreation. www.lgp.qld.gov.au accessed 30 June 2008. 23 Australian Bureau of Statistics (2006) Census data www.censusdata.abs.gov.au 24 ibid 25 ibid 26 ibid 24 South West Regional Plan

Land use policies

3.2.1 Develop health infrastructure and services in a manner consistent with the regional activity centres network, where appropriate.

3.2.2 Ensure new development promotes a healthy lifestyle and social interaction by incorporating the following features: WEJIEXXVEGXMZIERHGSRZIRMIRXP] located parklands, playgrounds and open space

GSRRIGXIHERH[IPPPMXWXVIIXERH pathway networks incorporating facilities to encourage walking, able to access. These are known as the Queensland Health is considering possible cycling and other forms of active universal service obligations. The range service options that could be delivered transport of services offered will address the needs by a range of providers and funding of the community, be linked to services partners, as it will not be possible FYJJIVMRKSJLMKLMQTEGXPERH provided in larger communities and be for Queensland Health to be the sole uses and separation from delivered in a safe and sustainable way. provider. In many cases, the suite of residential areas services may be provided through existing A range of health services is currently organisations such as the Division of TVSZMWMSRWJSVTIVWSREPWEJIX] funded by Queensland Health for the General Practice, community-controlled South West communities. These services health services, Queensland Police, EGGIWWXSJPI\MFPIXVERWTSVX are provided from the activity centres Education Queensland, Department of options for transport- of Charleville, Cunnamulla, Quilpie, Community Safety, Royal Flying Doctor disadvantaged community Augathella, Thargomindah and Morven Service of Australia and other community members. or through access to larger facilities in organisations. The next step will be Toowoomba and Brisbane. A number consultation with both the communities of visiting specialist services are also and service providers to determine Aligned strategies provided and service delivery varies, with sustainable service options. some services offered daily, while others 3.2.A Provide health services in a way range from weekly to annually. The regional network of centres will that is consistent with the agreed guide the location of health infrastructure universal services obligations. Charleville is the key health service and support services within the South provider for the South West, with West. Such decisions will also be guided 3.2.B Actively involve consumers in Cunnamulla the secondary service by appropriate needs assessments and the planning of health services provider. Primary emergency services are analyses of current service delivery to ensure these services are available out of each centre, with the arrangements and patterns of use. responsive to the needs of those exception of Morven, where after-hours who use them. emergency services are provided through Charleville. Uncomplicated birthing Objective 3.2.C Deliver services through effective services for the South West are offered partnership arrangements between in Charleville, with access to complicated To ensure that the South West community agencies and sectors that make an birthing services available in Brisbane or has access to high-quality, safe and important contribution to health. Toowoomba. sustainable health services that promote preventative strategies for maintaining 3.2.D Provide culturally sensitive services Future service decisions will be guided healthy lifestyles and provide appropriate for Indigenous people. by changes in need, demand, service acute care, where required. 3.2.E Promote availability of health models, workforce demographics and services to improve the other parameters. community’s understanding of how to access the services they need in the South West. Part E—Regional policies and strategies 25

The Queensland Governments’ Blueprint 3.3 Young people for the Bush identified that young people 3.4 Partnerships, in rural Queensland require access networks and The South West’s young people, like many to a range of educational and career other rural residents, are generally attracted opportunities. The initiative supports coordination to the educational, occupational and social ventures such as the Outback College opportunities of larger centres. The South of Rural Education, to be located at People, organisations and government West consistently experiences a substantial the former Croxdale research facility at agencies are responsible for the loss of young people in the 15 to 24 year Charleville. management of the region’s natural, age bracket. Despite the continuing decline economic and social assets. Improved in the South West’s overall population in There is a need to uphold existing understanding and knowledge is recent years, the percentage of Indigenous strategies and develop further initiatives essential to the sustainability of regional people has risen, as non-Indigenous people that keep young people in the communities. leave the region to pursue education and community, including initiatives that employment opportunities. This difference support them when they move away for The region therefore needs an is highlighted in data27 from the 2006 study or work experience and encourage adequately resourced, community-based, census for the 0-24 year age category— them to return to the community. One policy-making structure supported by in the non-Indigenous population 35.3 organisation that fulfils this role is the appropriate research. This structure per cent comprises people of these ages, Isolated Children and Parents Association. may involve collaboration between whereas in the Indigenous population, 55.7 governmental human services agencies, to per cent of people are in this age category. develop holistic responses to community Objective needs from local to regional levels. Demographic modelling suggests that around one-third of the people who leave To recognise the South West’s young The capacity of community-based the region are leaving for the South people as a vital component of the organisations to improve service delivery East Queensland centres of Brisbane, region’s future and provide them with can be strengthened by identifying Toowoomba and the Gold Coast.28 The access to educational, recreational, social opportunities to network and collaborate remaining people migrate to other areas and employment opportunities. with government, other community of Queensland or interstate. groups, education, training and business organisations using current and accurate However, it is not necessarily a negative Land use policies data. Collaboration can have a number of trend that young people move away, as 3.3.1 Ensure land use and open space benefits for organisations, including the they gain work experience, education and planning takes into account the sharing of overhead costs. a broader focus that allows them to make needs of young people, including a greater contribution should they return the development of suitable The Regional Managers’ Coordination to the region. recreation and sporting spaces and Network and Regional Ministerial Community Forums are mechanisms that In the South West, the inability of some the development of safe walking and cycle paths. could be further exploited to work across young people to move from education government agencies, in order to drive to employment, given the limited 3.3.2 Provide for flexible planning action and the exchange of information local access to alternative education, mechanisms to accommodate across the region. Sharing of knowledge traineeships and apprenticeships. The the development and upgrade of and understanding is a critical factor in South West has a relatively low level of educational facilities within the achieving best practice management in tertiary study opportunities via external South West. the region. Organisations serving natural studies. This is reflected by the lower resource stakeholders need to effectively proportion of students in the South West Aligned strategy serve local interests and strive for better undertaking tertiary studies than the understanding and application of science. Queensland average.29 It is recognised 3.3.A Involve young people in and foster that the financial and social costs of their ownership of community A number of organisations already supporting a student living away from groups and decision-making exist within the South West to engage home are generally high. Students may processes. with the community and local and be assisted by education bursaries, which state government, to achieve mutually encourage higher youth retention in beneficial partnerships and to transfer tertiary studies. and share knowledge. South West Natural Resource Management (NRM) Ltd and Desert Channels Queensland

27 ABS 2007, 2006 Census - Community profile series, South West statistical division (Catalogue No. 2002.0) 28 Department of Infrastructure and Planning (2007) Urban and rural population change and population movement in Western Queensland planning regions, p19. 29 Population Information and Forecasting Unit (2007), Queensland Government. 26 South West Regional Plan

are community-based organisations that Factors likely to make the South West identify and develop ways to address 3.5 Skills, recruitment a more attractive place for employees community and key stakeholders’ and retention include: issues. For example, South West Natural Resource Management (NRM) Ltd provides provision and maintenance of high- Access to skilled employees, employment an information hub and information- quality housing and training is vital to the social and brokering role in the natural sciences, economic wellbeing of the South West. well-planned communities capacity building and cultural heritage. The region is currently experiencing a The South West Regional Development cultural, sport and recreation facilities shortage of skilled workers, particularly Association focuses on small business tradespeople and professionals, including efficient transport development through state government– health practitioners. enhancement of health and education funded regional business advisory facilities. services. Blueprint for the Bush outlines a series The regional activity centres network will of initiatives being undertaken to deliver To ensure the best possible outcomes, inform the location of training facilities better training opportunities for regional cooperative partnerships are essential (see part D, Regional activity centres Queensland, as part of the Queensland to realising the region’s aspirations. network). Skills Plan 2008.

Objective Employers in the South West find it Objective difficult to attract and retain suitable To establish and maintain effective, workers for a number of reasons, To attract, train and retain appropriately cooperative working partnerships that including geographic and professional skilled staff to meet the social and encourage improved environmental, isolation, limited local training economic needs of the South West. economic and social outcomes, through opportunities, negative perceptions shared and improved understanding of of working in rural areas and limited the South West’s resources and capacity government accommodation. Aligned strategies to achieve sustainable outcomes. 3.5.A Educational institutions recognise There is a general lack of recognition the broad experience and multi- in the broader community of the skilling opportunities professionals Aligned strategies contributions that skilled workers can experience when working in a rural make to rural communities. 3.4.A Investigate avenues to support or remote area. growth, productivity and prosperity In an effort to address the shortage of within the region. 3.5.B Facilitate innovative and combined workers, some private employers are approaches to skill development hiring foreign workers on temporary work 3.4.B Establish processes for government and recruitment within the South visas under Commonwealth legislation. It and non-government organisations, West. must be recognised that these workers to increase coordination in the face many challenges in adapting to delivery of services and knowledge. 3.5.C Provide government employees life in rural Australia, especially without with access to appropriate 3.4.C Facilitate an information hub and adequate housing and English language accommodation. information-brokering services skills. within the region. 3.5.D Exploit advances in communication It is recognised that the energy sector technologies to increase 3.4.D Facilitate communication and is a significant employer in the South opportunities to establish high- collaboration between community, West and may be in a position, through quality distance education hubs in industry and government a partnership arrangement, to take on the South West. organisations, to identify and apprentices and provide training for resolve key knowledge gaps. people who live in the region. 3.5.E Encourage collaboration and partnerships between local 3.4.E Enhance understanding of the In order to increase the South West’s businesses and industries for geographic challenges of the South attractiveness as an employment planning, designing and delivering West among decision makers in destination, the region’s virtues must regional training programs and government departments. be better marketed. Opportunities for apprenticeships. employer-funded training outside the 3.4.F Strengthen volunteer organisations South West, increased flexibility of work through strategies to improve arrangements and employee sharing resources and efforts to attract and programs will improve staff retention. retain volunteers. Part E—Regional policies and strategies 27

This perception is built on a cultural foundation. This is particularly true for 3.6 Education and identification with manual tasks that were the South West, where activities and training undertaken in the past. In many cases, events bind communities dispersed over these manual skills are still important, long distances. however, if the South West is to move Education is an essential building forward, a new culture of learning and block for sustainable communities. It skills development needs to be fostered Objective increases people’s work and life skills, to provide residents with a diversity provides individual fulfilment, assists in To ensure the region’s infrastructure and of skills. gaining employment, supports the wider social capacity support arts, culture, sport community and provides for economic and recreation activities that are diverse, Murweh Shire, in conjunction with growth. Social and economic development accessible and affordable. educational institutions, has recently of the South West is dependent on the acquired Croxdale, and is investigating provision of, and access to, adequate and opportunities to provide courses that are equitable education, training and skill Land use policy specifically focused on teaching a range development services by both community of accredited bush skills to young people 3.7.1 Ensure planning schemes allocate and businesses. from the coastal urban environment sufficient land for open space, and from rural Queensland. This type of parkland, recreational and Local education opportunities need to enterprise is consistent with the vision for community facilities. embrace delivery modes suited to all the South West. learning styles, not simply concentrate on online and distance education strategies. Opportunities for enhancing educational Aligned strategies Developing a method for recognising the opportunities in the South West include: prior learning of residents will benefit the 3.7.A Strengthen the organisational region. Regional support for all students capacity of clubs and societies in MQTVSZMRKEGGIWWXSERHUYEPMX]SJ is essential. For example, Bulloo Shire order to maintain and encourage early childhood education provides educational bursaries to support use of facilities and to support students undertaking tertiary education. MQTVSZMRKTEVXRIVWLMTWFIX[IIRPSGEP opportunities for participation. education providers and the resources industry 3.7.B Promote the South West’s towns as Objective centres for arts and culture. FVSEHIRMRKXLIGYVVMGYPYQSJJIVIHEX To encourage and support a regional high schools 3.7.C Provide sport, recreation and culture of lifelong learning. IWXEFPMWLMRKXIVXMEV]IHYGEXMSR cultural facilities in a coordinated access points in the region and and integrated manner. Aligned strategies creating flexible education delivery packages that take advantage of new 3.7.D Organise and schedule events in a 3.6.A Facilitate the use of cadetships, communication technologies to reduce coordinated manner to maximise bursaries and traineeships for the impact of remoteness tourism benefits. younger residents of the South MQTVSZMRKVIGSKRMXMSRSJTVMSVPIEVRMRK West. 3.7.E Support community access to and rural life skills. higher level sporting competitions 3.6.B Promote collaboration between and encourage community government, industry and 3.7 Arts, culture, sport involvement in sport and cultural businesses to provide local activities. professional development training. and recreation Explanatory notes Explanatory notes Blueprint for the Bush highlights the significance of arts, culture, sport and The South West will benefit from One of the core aims of the Blueprint for recreation events and activities for the a regional approach to developing the Bush initiative is to educate children social wellbeing of rural communities. opportunities, infrastructure and and give them skills for the future. It However, the remote nature of the South organisational capacity to support arts, recognises the need for a high-quality West can make it difficult for some culture, sport and recreation. education system that meets peoples’ members of the community to participate needs during their school and working in, and enjoy the benefits of, these The provision of infrastructure for regional years. activities. events must be able to demonstrate a long-term benefit to the local community Within the South West some residents Access to these activities has many and preferably allow for multiple uses. perceive that education past Year 10 does benefits, including better physical and Local authorities must ensure their not enhance future work opportunities. mental health and stronger community planning schemes provide adequately 28 South West Regional Plan

zoned land in appropriate locations the landscape and are re-establishing Explanatory notes for sport, recreation and open space links with, and knowledge about, this facilities. country to pass on to future generations. The regional plan acknowledges the South West Queensland traditional Local authorities and business owners Of significance are burial grounds, owner natural resource management and have a crucial role to play in supporting fish traps, fireplaces, rock works, cultural heritage plan, Caring for Country, local artists and school children in order and knowledge of bush tucker and Culture and People.31 This plan confirms to make the South West’s towns into traditional medicine. It is important the link between the wellbeing of hubs of arts and creativity. that these sites and artefacts are Aboriginal people, their health, education, recognised and protected from employment and social interaction, and Employment and economic opportunities inappropriate development. country and culture. Strong partnerships provide a reason or means to live in with Aboriginal people will be necessary a remote area. Education, health and to help them manage country. The services provide the support mechanisms Objective policies in this section of the regional to influence decisions to move to—or To identify, protect and maintain the plan only address the strong physical remain within—a community. Choosing South West’s unique identity and cultural links to country, while the regional plan to live within a community may be heritage values. as a whole addresses health, education influenced by the natural environment, and social aspects, in relation to but community is further enhanced by the Aboriginal people’s wellbeing. arts, culture, sport and recreation on offer. Land use policies The Department of Environment and 3.8.1 Identify heritage places in local Resource Management maintains 3.8 Cultural values government planning schemes. databases of significant sites, as required under the Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Act The South West has a proud Aboriginal 3.8.2 Ensure development adjacent to 2003. This Act requires that when carrying and European cultural heritage. A heritage places, or on heritage out a development activity, all reasonable summary of the major historic events sites, does not compromise the and practicable measures are taken to is included in the explanatory notes cultural heritage significance of ensure that it does not harm Aboriginal to this section. This historic summary those places. cultural heritage (the ‘cultural heritage gives insights into settlement patterns duty of care’). and the impact of climate and global Aligned strategies market influences on the prosperity Europeans have lived in the South West of the South West. It also links major 3.8.A Encourage local governments to since the mid-1800s. They, too, have left events to the social and economic identify places of cultural heritage many significant historical and cultural development of the region. These significance through a heritage sites. The South West is home to many events include the introduction of survey using key historical themes historic buildings, Cobb and Co routes, railway services, air services, the first for South West Queensland. old timber road bridges, farm cottages commercial use of water from the Great and antique equipment.32 Today, the Artesian Basin and road development. 3.8.B Identify and add local cultural region’s rich rural history plays an heritage places to the local heritage important part in the development of Indigenous history research estimates register. the tourism industry, as evidenced by that there were at least 40 small, the importance of regional attractions nomadic tribal groups in the area now 3.8.C Support the management and such as Myendatta Homestead in covered by southern and south-west preservation of the cultural heritage Murweh Shire and Ray Station in Quilpie 30 Queensland. Aboriginal people have values of significant places. Shire. The numerous hotels such as elaborate cultural rituals, sacred sites the Noccundra Hotel, Corones Hotel in and social structures aligned with their 3.8.D Support the development of a Charleville, Trapper’s Inn in Cunnamulla rich relationship to country. The arrival regional arts and culture strategy and Toompine Pub, all provide an insight of Europeans and the subsequent that aims to protect, educate into early settlement. treatment of Aboriginal people have and promote the unique cultural seen the loss of much of that knowledge heritage values of the region. The pastoral industry has historically and active connection to country. provided the main economic base, 3.8.E Incorporate activities and events with sheep in the east and cattle more In spite of this loss, Aboriginal groups related to the South West’s cultural prominent in the west within the South West continue to value heritage into regional tourism the physical and spiritual qualities of promotions.

30 Norman Tindale (1974), Aboriginal Tribes of Australia, University of California Press, Berkley, USA, 1974. 31 South West Natural Resource Management (NRM) Ltd (2008) South West Natural Resource Management Plan 2008–2013. 32 Environmental Protection Agency (2002), Heritage Trails of the Queensland Outback, Queensland Government. Part E—Regional policies and strategies 29

Artesian water has been crucial to the development of the pastoral industry.

Examples of places which may be of cultural heritage significance include: WMXIWEWWSGMEXIH[MXLXLITEWXSVEP industry, including homesteads, shearing sheds, yards, dips and stock routes HMRKSFEVVMIVJIRGI WXEXMSRERHXS[RJVMRKIGEQTWMXIWSJ Indigenous groups EVXIWMERFSVIWERHHVEMRW Historic overview

WMXIWEWWSGMEXIH[MXLI\TPSVIVW The South West region includes Settlements were usually located next VEMP[E]WMXIW WXEXMSRWFVMHKIW the country of many Aboriginal to a river and developed to serve the tribes who lived in the area prior pastoral industry. Centres emerged at EHSFIERHIEVXLGSRWXVYGXMSRFYMPHMRKW to European settlement. Charleville (1868), Cunnamulla (1860s), Non-Indigenous cultural heritage Thargomindah (1874) and Quilpie includes artefacts, places and buildings Aboriginal inhabitants used the land for (1915). Aboriginal fringe camps often of European origin. The major piece food, established spiritual connections emerged on the outskirts of towns. of historic cultural heritage legislation with the land and developed is the Queensland Heritage Act 1992. sites for ceremonial purposes. Opals were discovered at Listowel Development of a place registered under Downs near Adavale in 1869. the Act is an assessable development. The first European to travel to this This Act requires a local government to region was Charles Sturt, who led the A Cobb and Co depot was keep a local heritage register of places South West Queensland expedition of established in Charleville in 1876. of cultural heritage significance in its 1845, following the Cooper Creek. The first proven artesian bore of local government area. The Queensland The expedition of Burke and Wills any significance in Australia was Heritage Regulation 2003 includes a in 1860 passed through the area developed on Thurulgoonia Station, local heritage place code, which is an now known as Bulloo Shire. near Cunnamulla, in 1887. Integrated Development Assessment System code for development on a local The arrival of pastoralists in the Rail reached Charleville in 1888, heritage place. region in the 1860s had a significant Cunnamulla in 1898 and Quilpie in impact on Indigenous populations. 1917. The expansion of the railway The Department of Environment and These impacts included the loss played a major role in the development Resource Management is currently of lands, death and dislocation. of the region, because it resulted in undertaking a statewide survey of lowering transport costs to the coast. Queensland’s heritage places. Key The pastoral industry has been a historical themes that are relevant to major economic activity in the region During the 20th century, economic the South West have been identified since the 1860s. Pastoral runs were growth was steady, although the region in the Queensland Cultural Heritage first established in the late 1850s and experienced the Great Depression Places Context Study—Report to the by the early 1880s most of the region in the 1930s and then an economic Environmental Protection Agency. Local had been occupied by pastoralists. boom period in the 1950s, due to governments should be guided by these the increased demand for wool. themes when undertaking a local heritage Early pastoralists faced significant survey of their area. challenges such as drought, floods Since the 1960s, a slow decline in and distance to markets and population has been the result of The regional plan provides a position supplies. A significant economic a series of setbacks in the region, for the South West in relation to the boost occurred in the 1880s with including major drought and a identification, protection and management the discovery of artesian water. falling commodity price for wool. of cultural heritage, which is consistent with state legislation. The regional stock route network The discovery of oil and gas reserves was established from the 1860s in the 1980s saw the development onwards and continues to be of significant resources and the important for travelling stock. establishment of the energy industry in the far South West region. 30 South West Regional Plan

4. Urban development

Desired regional outcome

South West regional towns provide appropriate levels of services and incorporate a high- quality built environment that contributes to the region’s amenity, lifestyle and health, while respecting and preserving its heritage.

The built environment of the South West Aligned strategies is characterised by small rural towns 4.1 Regional activity separated by long distances. They are centres network 4.1.A Support the regional activity centres connected by road, rail and air to other network through the provision of towns in the South West and to other new services and facilities. The settlement pattern of the South regions to the north, south and east. West is characterised by relatively There are a number of very small towns 4.1.B Recognise and address the need small population centres separated (populations fewer than 200 people) and to support people who reside in by considerable distances. Settlement localities spread throughout the region. community activity centres. size and location is primarily based The South West is vulnerable to natural on historical influences, such as river events, including storms, floods and soil crossing points, transport routes and erosion, which can cause structural and Explanatory notes resource availability. infrastructure damage. Changes in centres are most likely to be The region’s relatively small and influenced by economic conditions and The region’s towns have maintained much dispersed population makes the efficient socio-economic factors. of their history, with historic buildings and effective provision of services and such as hotels adding greatly to the infrastructure a challenging task. region’s attractiveness and character. A significant proportion of the South West’s 4.2 Housing population, however, is widely dispersed Objectives on rural properties, with limited access An inadequate supply of quality and to services. Workers’ camps have been 8SWYTTSVXVIKMSREPKVS[XLTEVXMGYPEVP] affordable accommodation that meets established around isolated petroleum within locations that can be efficiently the needs and expectations of the and gas wells, particularly in the serviced by infrastructure and are the community has been identified in the western area of the South West, around logical extension of existing centres, to South West. A low level of investment the Jackson oil field, Eromanga and ensure continued amenity. in the private housing market has Noccundra districts. In some cases, these 8SGVIEXISTTSVXYRMXMIWJSVXLIJYVXLIV seen a decline in the quality and workers’ settlements—such as the Jackson development of urban centres, by quantity of the region’s private housing oil field and Ballera gas field—are larger providing timely and appropriate stock. A lack of suitable housing than the major towns in the shire. infrastructure. limits the South West’s opportunities to attract and retain workers and Land tenure in the South West is affects people’s quality of life. dominated by pastoral leases that remain Land use policy in the ownership of the state. There are 4.1.1 Ensure all new urban development significant areas of freehold land in and supports the regional activity Objective around the major population centres and centres network, as defined in the in the eastern parts of the South West. To ensure the South West provides regional plan, unless a clear need The region’s settlements are generally incentives and certainty to encourage for departure is indicated by strong, located near reserves or commons, which private investment in business and sustained local population growth in some cases can limit expansion of housing. or other significant development urban areas. opportunities. Housing design is environmentally sensitive, affordable, well maintained and of an appropriate quantity and mix. Part E—Regional policies and strategies 31

Land use policies 744Protection of extractive walls, excessive vehicle cross-overs and resources and its accompanying large areas of car parking. Wherever 4.2.1 Allocate and service sufficient land guideline. possible, car parking should be moved to allow residential development Housing supply has been affected to the rear of premises, allowing priority over the life of the planning by inequitable access to finance and access to pedestrians and enhancing the schemes, based on projected home ownership, low rental and appearance of the town and streets. growth in housing requirements business investment returns, high and taking into account population New development that is likely to construction costs and a lack of skilled growth, changing demographics and generate a significant amount of activity, tradespeople. To attract professional household sizes. such as a regional tourist attraction or workers into the South West, employers major retail development, should be are forced to provide accommodation 4.2.2 Ensure planning schemes allow located close to existing town centres. for their staff, thereby limiting housing sufficient flexibility to provide a This positioning will assist in building choice and affordability for low to variety of housing options for the hubs of activity for the South West and moderate income earners who are region. provide benefits to existing businesses. then squeezed out of the market. 4.2.3 Develop new housing in areas Key housing deficiencies include that are close to essential services emergency housing and a lack of Objective and infrastructure, and minimise temporary accommodation for trainees, residents’ exposure to the risk of To ensure the design of new students (particularly in the health flooding. developments has a positive focus sector) and apprentices. The high costs for the towns and is climate friendly, 4.2.4 Encourage the development of a of construction and maintenance in the attractive, convenient, safe and variety of dwelling types in major South West discourage the building promotes the distinctive outback rural activity centres and district and renovation of accommodation character of the South West. rural activity centres, close to in the private sector. New housing services, facilities and employment in the South West should also be opportunities. suitable to the region’s highly variable Land use policies climate. This includes appropriate design, orientation and use of energy- 4.3.1 Ensure development contributes Aligned strategies efficient appliances and materials. positively to the region’s public realm and outback character 4.2.A Ensure state government–owned through appropriate design, housing is innovative and designed including material selection, use to meet climatic challenges in a 4.3 Planning and of colour, texture and lighting, cost-and energy-efficient manner. design movement of people and vehicles, and landscaping. 4.2.B Facilitate early collaboration with Effective planning and design of the resource companies regarding 4.3.2 Ensure all new development is South West’s towns can have an ongoing the future use of temporary carried out in accordance with positive impact on the environmental, accommodation. the principles of crime prevention as well as economic, social and cultural through environmental design.33 health of the region, in both a direct Explanatory notes and indirect manner. Well-planned towns 4.3.3 Ensure new developments support protect areas of environmental value, the retention and reinforcement of A number of State Planning Policies and encourage investment, provide safe and the existing town centre’s economic supporting documents provide guidance attractive public spaces, and enhance viability. in relation to implementation of land use local character. policies 4.2.1 and 4.2.2. These include: 4.3.4 Ensure planning schemes identify It is vital that the South West’s towns natural hazard areas and risks from 744Housing and residential are designed at a scale appropriate to climate change, to inform land use development the number of people. New development planning, development assessment should be well-connected to existing 744Mitigating the adverse and disaster management plans. developments within centres. It should impacts of flood, bushfire and landslide encourage sustainable transport options, 4.3.5 Adopt urban design principles 744Development and the such as walking and cycling, and provide in new developments—for both conservation of agricultural land and pleasant and safe pedestrian experiences. industrial and residential uses that: Guideline 2, Separating agricultural and Streetscapes should avoid long blank residential land uses

33 Geason, Sand Wilson, P, Designing Out Crime: Crime prevention through environmental design, Australia Institute of Criminology, Canberra, 1989 at www.aic.gov.au/publications/crimprev/cpted/ 32 South West Regional Plan

QEOIFIWXYWISJEZEMPEFPI 4.3.C Support education and promotion HIZIPSTMRKPEVKIEVIEWSJTYFPMGP] infrastructure of best practice models that accessible space such as parks, town address waste reuse, composting, commons and land beside rivers QMRMQMWIKVIIRLSYWIKEW recycling, waste to energy QEMRXEMRMRKERHIRLERGMRKXLIVIKMSR«W emissions conversion and safe disposal. distinctive character. QMRMQMWIXLIMQTEGXWSJEMV 4.3.D Consider the needs of communities Challenges include: and noise emissions, so that in the planning and delivery of PMQMXIHJYRHMRKJSVXS[RFIEYXMJMGEXMSR environmental standards for the reliable and safe public transport air and acoustic environments 34 services considers the needs of VIPEXMZIP]PS[PIZIPWSJTVMZEXI are not exceeded at the communities in rural and remote development boundary of sensitive land uses towns and special needs groups, PMQMXIHGSQQYRMX]ETTVIGMEXMSRSJXLI such as the elderly and disabled. benefits of investment in developing 35 EHIUYEXIP]FYJJIVMRXIRWMZIYWIW attractive towns 4.3.E Investigate cost-effective and ZIV]PS[¦HIRWMX]HIZIPSTQIRX GEXIVJSVIRIVK]IJJMGMIRXIGS environmentally sustainable, friendly and climate sensitive sewerage treatment systems that LMKLPIZIPSJMRZIWXQIRXVIUYMVIHXS design. are suitable for recreational areas maintain historic buildings. and isolated tourist nodes. The South West’s highly variable and 4.3.6 Locate new walking and cycle paths sometimes extreme climate makes it in town centres, near waterways important to establish settlements and and on public land. Explanatory notes streetscapes as refuges of shelter and 4.3.7 Integrate land use and transport The South West has many examples of shade. Streetscape upgrades and planting planning to support efficient excellent rural character and attractive programs will make the region a more land use, efficient movement of streetscapes, including: amenable place for residents and visitors. people and goods, and industry Appropriate building siting and vegetation competitiveness and growth. XLIEXXVEGXMZIXS[RGIRXVISJ selection can ensure access to sun during Cunnamulla the cool winter months. 4.3.8 Identify sites for integrated waste XLIWLEHIHZIVERHEWSJXLI'SVSRIW Community safety will also be enhanced disposal, including recycling and Hotel in Charleville reuse, and incorporate regionally through the provision of safe open spaces specific, best-practice waste XLITPIEWERXZMPPEKITEVOW and recreational and sporting areas, management that is applicable to sports grounds and river walk of based on high-quality urban design and sparsely populated, low-density Thargomindah appropriate buffering of hazardous land uses. The application of crime prevention communities that are separated by XLIHMWXMRGXMZIHIWMKRSJXLI5YMPTMI through environmental design principles substantial distances. tourist information centre. in new developments can assist in Local authorities must ensure that new building safer communities. Aligned strategies development has a positive impact on the landscape, scenic quality, rural Air and noise pollution is currently 4.3.A Encourage programs for planting character and streetscape of the locality. managed under the Environmental drought tolerant trees in and The character, location, bulk, height Protection Act 1994 and specific statutory around towns, in order to make and design of new development should instruments of that Act, including: them green and attractive places always contribute in a positive manner and to provide climate change to the streetscape and the achievement )RZMVSRQIRXEP4VSXIGXMSR benefits. of the strategic objectives of this Regulation 2008 regional plan. )RZMVSRQIRXEP4VSXIGXMSR %MV 4.3.B Support the development of an Policy 2008 integrated approach to avoid The South West faces a number waste generation, and in instances of opportunities and challenges in )RZMVSRQIRXEP4VSXIGXMSR 2SMWI where waste generation cannot be developing successful and attractive Policy 2008. avoided, implement practices to towns. The opportunities include: Historically, there has been widespread reuse, recycle or recover wastes use of chemicals in common farming and materials prior to disposal. VIXEMRMRKLMWXSVMGFYMPHMRKW practices. Residual chemicals persist HIWMKRMRKGSQTEGXERH[EPOEFPI in soils and buildings and on specific town areas

34 Environmental indicators and goals under the Environmental Protection (Air) Policy 2008 and environmental objectives under the Environmental Protection (Noise) Policy 35 Garnaut Climate Change Review, Resource developments, intensive agriculture and hard to locate sport and recreation areas 2008 at www.garnautreview.org.au Part E—Regional policies and strategies 33

sites such as dips and stockyards, with Land use policy Explanatory notes potential risk to people, animals and the environment. Several programs offer 4.4.1 Development is not located in areas The Queensland Government has safe collection and recycling of cleaned that are at risk of being affected by released the State Planning Policy 1/03: chemical containers and the collection of natural hazards. Mitigating the Adverse Impacts of Floods, unwanted rural, agricultural and veterinary Bushfire and Landslide, which provides chemicals. The ChemClear program36 policy to ensure development is not provides for the collection of agricultural Aligned strategies affected by these natural hazards. and veterinary chemical containers, while 4.4.A Ensure disaster management for the drumMUSTER program37 has also been Queensland Police and the Department of the region includes mitigating set up for the collection and recycling of Community Safety are currently preparing the impact of natural disaster certain chemical containers. Management interim arrangements for district disaster on the community, development, strategies are required to address issues coordinators and relationships between infrastructure and the environment. regarding contamination. district disaster management groups This includes strategies to raise and local disaster management groups. awareness of the implications of inappropriate development and 4.4 Disaster infrastructure within areas prone to management natural hazards. 4.4.B Develop, implement and review Objective a coordinated regional approach among all levels of government, To prepare, review and exercise emergency industry and community, to disaster and disaster management plans management that integrates addressing the response to, and recovery regional, subregional and local level from, hazards likely to affect the region. plans for risk assessment, disaster mitigation and emergency planning.

36 ChemClear program (see Agsafe at www.chemclear.com.au) 37 drumMUSTER program (see Agsafe at www.drummuster.com.au) 34 South West Regional Plan

5. Economic development

Desired regional outcome

A growing and prosperous regional economy that is diverse, innovative, sustainable and provides attractive investment opportunities.

cultural and economic assets that make Economic activities in the South West and Warrego highways, the potential for it an attractive place to live, work and consist of oil, gas and gemstone (opal) carbon credit trading, regional tourist invest. Enormous potential exists within extraction, beef, sheep and game meat attractions such as Charleville’s Cosmos the South West to become a centre for processing, and some cropping. Tourism Centre, and the abundance of affordable natural sciences, which builds on the is also a major contributor to the residential and commercial land.41 region’s natural advantages and provides economy, particularly during cooler times an increasing international focus on of the year. Retail trade is a significant A strong and resilient regional economy is sustainability and the environment. employer in the rural centres. Agricultural essential to the sustainable development production in the South West is typically of the South West and underpins the The South West’s natural assets include worth around $162 million per annum, health and wellbeing of the regional unique wildlife, wilderness landscapes, with the vast majority of this value made population. Efficient transport connections national parks, internationally recognised up of stock production and sales.38 to and within centres is also important. wetlands, natural rivers, the Great Land use planning needs to recognise Artesian Basin and the brilliant outback SunWater operates one water supply the importance of sustainable economic night skies. Cultural assets include a scheme in the region, based on a 4350 development and ensure the planning rich Indigenous heritage, the presence of megalitre storage capacity at Allen framework facilitates such development, innovative and creative people committed Tannock Weir on the Warrego River at particularly in relation to the provision to the region’s future, museums, Cunnamulla. This storage allows the of adequate land and the prevention of recreational activities, historically irrigation of crops, including dates, grapes incompatible land use. significant buildings and a strong sense and organic wheat.39 Subsequent to the release of the South of community pride. The South West’s In 2006, 23.3 per cent of the South West Regional Development Association’s economic assets include substantial oil West’s population was employed in the report, the Queensland Government’s and natural gas reserves, productive agriculture, forestry and fishing industries. Blueprint for the Bush identified a grazing land, a growing tourism industry, This is significantly higher than the range of initiatives to support economic the potential for clean and green Queensland average of 3.4 per cent.40 development in rural Queensland. These production industries, and road, rail and The second largest sector of employment include growing business and industry, air transport infrastructure. was retail trade. The South West has a rural infrastructure, and jobs and skills higher percentage of people employed in development. public administration and safety than the Objective Queensland average. To market and promote the region’s values and potential to attract people The South West Regional Development 5.1 Marketing a and investment. Association Inc commissioned an resilient region economic development strategy for the region in 2003. This strategy nominated The South West is home to a diverse, Aligned strategies the South West’s natural gas resource resilient and proud community that as a primary competitive advantage. 5.1.A Government, community and enjoys the lifestyle advantages afforded Other competitive advantages include the industry bodies work collaboratively by living in a rural area. The South potential to develop a gas-fired power to effectively market and promote West boasts a wide range of natural, station, the intersection of the Mitchell the South West in an innovative and creative manner.

5.1.B Facilitate promotion of a distinctive South West brand. 38 Department of State Development (2007), Queensland Government 39 SunWater (2007) Cunnamulla water supply scheme, www.sunwater.com.au, accessed 29/06/08. 40 Australian Bureau of Statistics (2008) Census data www.censusdata.abs.gov.au. 41 Pacific South West Strategy Group Pty Ltd (2003) Part E—Regional policies and strategies 35

5.1.C Local governments and the Aligned strategies community capitalise on their 5.2 Tourism unique competitive advantages 5.2.A Promote partnerships and within the regional marketing Blueprint for the Bush identified that cooperation in tourism packaging context. tourism can play an important role and branding across the South in creating economic development West, while supporting the most opportunities through marketing rural cost-effective application of Explanatory notes areas as an attractive place to visit, live marketing and promotional funds. and work. Rural Queensland’s share of The importance of the meat processing the state’s visitor nights in 2004–05 5.2.B Encourage the development of industry to the economic strength and was 19.5 per cent. This is significantly tourism niches, such as conferences stability of the South West is well higher than rural Queensland’s share and sport and recreation events. recognised, however, the South West of both population and tourism sector must move into the future by challenging employment, demonstrating the region’s 5.2.C Encourage the Indigenous misleading perceptions of what the region potential to convert tourism into further community to be involved in the comprises and take full advantage of the economic development opportunities. region’s tourism industry. unique and quality lifestyle available. To achieve the vision set out in this regional In the South West, tourism is emerging plan, the South West must position itself as a prominent industry, moderating the Explanatory notes to be able to take advantage of future impacts of fluctuations in other industries The South West’s tourism industry faces opportunities. and providing support to the region’s many challenges in order to continue its retail and hospitality sectors. Tourism development and contribute further to An important factor in better marketing provides opportunities for new businesses the economic and social wellbeing of the the South West is to foster a more to establish and for existing businesses region. There is a need to increase out- coordinated and integrated approach to to expand and diversify, however, it is of-season and shoulder-season visitation, marketing and promotional activities, recognised that in isolation, tourism is in order to spread visitor numbers more market development and market unlikely to be the South West’s primary evenly across the year. A longer season access, and industry partnerships. The economic driver in the future. government and the wider community would allow operators to focus more need to become more adept at The South West has experienced an on developing tourism initiatives. The recognising the values in the South West increase in tourism in recent years. rise of the baby-boomer tourism market that perhaps a local’s eye may pass over, Attractions and experiences include has seen an increase in self-contained but would potentially be of considerable natural landscapes, national parks, caravans that contribute less to the interest to a visitor, potential resident or educational tourism, and unique products regional economy than other visitor types. investor. such as the Quilpie boulder opal and The impact of waste disposal is also boutique timbers. The South West also proving a challenge to local authorities A key task is for each of the South West’s has a number of regional attractions in relation to the provision of toilet and shires to identify their unique strengths such as the Cosmos Centre, farm-stay waste facilities. and use these to develop strategies experiences and unique outback events The South West has opportunities to to maximise economic benefits for the such as camp drafts. region. Over the next 20 years, a range of develop sport and recreation tourism opportunities has the potential to build based on events such as camp drafts, the South West’s economic foundation. Objective polocrosse and race meetings. This These include: form of tourism provides visitors with To support sustainable tourism that builds authentic experiences that encourage GEVFSRXVEHMRKERHKISWIUYIWXVEXMSR42 on the South West’s unique, natural return visitation. Providing high-standard competitive advantages and experiences, events and support services such as WYWXEMREFPIQEREKIQIRXSJXLI+VIEX while increasing understanding of accommodation and transport is essential Artesian Basin the input tourism has to the region’s for developing tourism of this nature. VIRI[EFPIIRIVK]STTSVXYRMXMIW economic, social and cultural fabric. Blueprint for the Bush recognises that IGSXSYVMWQERHIHYGEXMSR governments and businesses must work KVIIRTVSHYGXMSR Land use policy collaboratively, in order to promote These opportunities have the potential Queensland’s outback as a tourist 5.2.1 Tourist facilities are located within to attract new residents who seek destination. easy access to infrastructure to employment opportunities and a relaxed support and reinforce existing lifestyle. There is a need for cross-regional centres’ economic and service promotion so that international tourists, delivery functions.

42 A process of trapping carbon dioxide directly into systems other than the atmosphere, usually underground, to assist in limiting detrimental greenhouse gas emissions. 36 South West Regional Plan

in particular, can visit a range of sites and attractions in western Queensland, while taking advantage of a range of interconnected transport modes—air, bus, train and vehicle. The coordinated timing and promotion of regional events such as annual shows, festivals and sporting occasions encourages visitation and provides an incentive for longer and repeat stays.

The tourism industry in the South West is primarily drive-based, which makes it susceptible to possible peak oil price rises. Other factors inhibiting the development of the industry include a lack of suitable infrastructure, which approximately 250 kilometres of as the Queensland Government plans restricts development opportunities pipelines and flowlines. Produced oil was to increase the proportion of electricity outside the major towns, and a dewatered and sent via the 797 kilometre generated, using gas from the current general need to improve the standard pipeline network connecting Jackson oil target of 13 per cent to 18 per cent by 44 of accommodation and restaurants in field to the Lytton oil refinery in Brisbane 2020. The provision of infrastructure the South West to meet the increasing until its closure in 2007. Crude oil is to support future growth in the gas and expectations of visitors. trucked or transported via pipeline to petroleum industries will depend on its Brisbane and South Australia. Oil from commercial viability. Tarbot is also piped to the Jackson 5.3 Energy and oil field. The Ballera facility accepts Ballera has a jet-capable, sealed airstrip production from about 45 gas fields that provides workers with access to the mineral resource containing about 130 producing gas wells, Jackson oil field and Ballera, as well as through approximately 450 kilometres of the facilities in the basin. Accommodation development pipeline and flowlines. is currently provided for some 300–500 workers on a fly-in and fly-out basis. The Cooper and Eromanga basins are Gas goes to Mt Isa via an 800-kilometre the main sources of oil from mainland pipeline and to Wallumbilla for A large proportion of Queensland’s Australia. The fields originally contained transportation on to Brisbane via an 1100 gem-quality opals are mined in the more than 360 million barrels of oil, of kilometre pipeline. Gas is also sent to South West. Opal mining also plays an which about 110 million barrels will be Adelaide. important part in the region’s tourism recovered. To date, about 95 million economy. Natural precious opals are barrels have been produced.43 Additional The South West’s extensive network of found in boulder opal, which is unique reserves have been discovered in the pipelines provides for further exploration to Queensland. Found in weathered South West. and development of the energy industry sedimentary rocks in the state’s west, in the region. Table 3 details pipeline they range in size from less than a few The Jackson oil field facility accepts projects in the South West currently being centimetres to more than 20 centimetres. production from about 40 oil fields considered. There is strong potential for Yowah, in the South West, is known containing about 182 oil wells through continued growth in the gas industry, for Yowah-nuts, where concretions form distinct bands through the ironstone. Table 3. Gas pipeline projects—South West Queensland

Project/site name Company Activity type Council/LGA Resource potential Pipeline licence no 64 Santos Ltd Pipeline Bulloo proposed Pipeline licence no 113 Santos Ltd Pipeline Bulloo proposed Pipeline licence no 129 Epic Energy Queensland Pipeline Bulloo proposed Pipeline licence no 112 Santos Ltd Pipeline Quilpie proposed

(Source: Department of Mines and Energy, January 2009)

43 Santos (2008) www.santos.com accessed 30/06/08. 44 Department of the Premier and Cabinet (2007), ClimateSmart 2050—Queensland climate change strategy 2007: A low carbon future. Queensland Government, at www.thepremier.qld.gov.au accessed 30/06/08. Part E—Regional policies and strategies 37

Objective WEJIX]GSRGIVRWEFSYXEKIMRKTMTIPMRI social structure of local and regional infrastructure and potential risks to the communities. To continue to broaden the South West’s environment. economic base, employment opportunities The policy outlines a partnership between The Queensland Government is working and community infrastructure, through the state government, the Queensland to get the balance right between meeting the opportunities afforded by further Resources Council, local government the state’s increasing energy demands, development of the oil, gas and opal and the Local Government Association the world’s increased demand for minerals extraction industries. of Queensland. This policy builds on the and food, and the government’s priority previous Sustainable Futures Framework of building sustainable communities. for Queensland Mining Towns. Key Land use policy Resource developments can potentially initiatives of the policy include: bring significant benefits for surrounding 5.3.1 Identify, map and include in GSSVHMREXMSRSJVIWTSRWIWXSGYQYPEXMZI communities, including: planning schemes petroleum, gas social impacts and regional issues and other resource leases and through the partnership group infrastructure easements, and MRGVIEWIHIQTPS]QIRXSTTSVXYRMXMIW protect these uses from conflicting MRZIWXQIRXEXXVEGXMSR MQTVSZIHTPERRMRKTVSGIWWIWXS land use. strengthen regional land use planning IGSRSQMGHMZIVWMJMGEXMSR and infrastructure coordination EXXVEGXMSRSJRI[TISTPIXSXLIVIKMSR QMRSVPIKMWPEXMZIEQIRHQIRXWXLEX Aligned strategies VIXIRXMSRSJ]SYRKTISTPIMRXLI require the establishment of social impact plans for all new mines and 5.3.A Encourage collaborative responses region. major mine expansions, as part of by government, extraction On the other hand, large-scale social impact assessment processes. companies and the community, developments also present local to the social, economic and communities with a range of challenges, The Sustainable Resource Communities environmental pressures associated including increased demand for Policy includes a partnership agreement, with energy resource projects. infrastructure and services. aimed at strengthening links between all levels of government. The partnership 5.3.B Use social research conducted as Challenges facing resource communities in will improve the guidelines around social part of social impact assessment mining regions include: impact assessment that will govern all processes, to assist local and new major mines and expansions. state government in guiding MRGVIEWIHHIQERHMRXLILSYWMRK future development decisions and market, resulting in high rents strategic planning for resource and property prices and reduced 5.4 Business and land communities.45 affordability MRGVIEWIHTVIWWYVISRPSGEPQIHMGEP development 5.3.C Share the outcomes of social dental and social services impact assessments through In order to continue to develop as a existing regional forums, to ensure TSXIRXMEPMQTEGXWSJHYWXRSMWIERH prosperous and sustainable region over a greater understanding of the vibrations the coming decades, the South West social impacts of new mining ERMRGVIEWIMRXLIRYQFIVSJHVMZIMR needs to be able to attract and maintain developments. and drive-out and fly-in and fly-out commercial, industrial and residential workers employed investment from both the private and Explanatory notes HIQERHJSVRI[VSEHMRJVEWXVYGXYVIXS public sectors. support proposed new development. Issues relating to the energy extraction Essential enablers for these development The Queensland Government has signed and gem stone industry include: opportunities include effective information the Sustainable Resource Communities and communication technology, with Policy.46 The policy focuses on resource WSGMEPMQTEGXWEWWSGMEXIH[MXLQENSV timely provision of required infrastructure communities where rapid development, resource developments and services. resulting from the resources boom, is TVSXIGXMSRSJTMTIPMRIGSVVMHSVWJVSQ having significant impacts on community other development that may impact on infrastructure and services, and on the safety and viability of these pipelines

45 Resource communities are those local or regional communities that depend on, or are affected by, mineral extraction and associated activities, including petroleum and gas proposals. 46 Department of Tourism, Regional Development and Industry, August 2008. At the time of plan preparation the policy is only being implemented in relation to resource development activities in the Surat and Bowen Basins and in north west Queensland. 38 South West Regional Plan

5.5 Rising transport costs and oil vulnerability

Future land use planning needs to focus on reducing dependence on conventional transportation modes such as vehicles. Measures could include collocation of uses and non-motorised transport infrastructure.

Governments, business and communities must take up the challenge of investing in resource mitigation strategies for reducing the impacts of rising oil costs.

Objectives 5.4.B Encourage business and housing Objective investment. 8STVIWIRXXLI7SYXL;IWXEWER To enable the South West to adapt to the attractive and profitable location in global challenge of declining oil supplies which to invest. Explanatory notes and manage the rising costs of transport and oil-based products. 8SVIEPMWISTTSVXYRMXMIWJSVVIWIEVGL and innovation in the renewable There are many positives for investment energy field. in the South West, including a good supply of residential and industrial land, Land use policies infrastructure and services, information 5.5.1 Protect and buffer existing and Land use policy technology and opportunities to add identified transport corridors from value to agricultural products.47 Future 5.4.1 Planning schemes provide inappropriate development. opportunities have the potential to sufficient land for industrial and provide catalysts for regional investment. business development that is: 5.5.2 Ensure that land use planning These include sustainable industry takes into account the likelihood accessible initiatives, expansion and further value- of increased transportation costs, adding of the wild game processing serviced by an adequate level of through appropriate siting of industry, carbon credit trading, infrastructure residential, employment and development of a boutique timber able to address natural hazards recreation facilities. industry, organic production, growth buffered from sensitive land of the tourism industry and renewable uses, and energy. Western Queensland’s solar energy Aligned strategies potential is greater than any other area in does not detrimentally impact 48 on ecologically significant areas Australia. 5.5.A Investigate the potential for as depicted in map 2—Natural the production of biofuels and Key issues that discourage investment in Environment (appendix 2). regionally based renewable energy the South West include the perception sources and production. that smaller capital gains are achievable, Aligned strategies compared to other regions. Also, there 5.5.B Investigate local production of fresh is a lack of access to equitable finance, fruit and vegetables as a means of 5.4.A Encourage support from all with lenders refusing to offer the same off-setting rising freight costs. sectors of the community in finance conditions for western areas the promotion of the region that are offered in the city or on the and for the establishment of a coast. Construction costs are higher in regional economic development western Queensland than on the coast, organisation. due to transportation costs and restricted availability of labour.

47 Pacific South West Strategy Group Pty Ltd (2003) 48 Department of the Premier and Cabinet (2007), ClimateSmart 2050—Queensland climate change strategy 2007: A low carbon future. Queensland Government, www.thepremier.qld.gov.au accessed 30/06/08. Part E—Regional policies and strategies 39

Explanatory notes

Over the last century, the global economy has been underpinned by the availability of cheap and accessible oil. Oil is used for transportation, plastics, agriculture and petrochemicals. Extracting from smaller and harder-to-access oil fields, such as deep-ocean drilling, requires significantly more time, energy and investment, progressively increasing the cost of oil.

Peak oil has the potential to impact greatly on the South West’s social and economic fabric. The vast distances between towns and markets makes the region highly dependent on vehicle travel and vulnerable to increases in fuel costs. Agricultural production and property management are also highly dependent Key opportunities in the energy sector for Queensland and interstate. The need to on oil and oil products, particularly the South West relate to: reduce the state’s carbon footprint and diesel fuel and petrochemicals. There is reduce dependence on non-renewable potential that air travel will also rise in PSRKXIVQWYWXEMREFPIWYTTPMIW energy sources is highlighted by both price considerably, as fuel costs increase. state and Australian governments. There GVIEXMSRSJIGSRSQMGKVS[XL In order to adapt, the South West will is growing pressure for a greater share need to find alternative energy resources VIHYGIHPSGEPIRIVK]GSWXWMRXLIPSRK of Australia’s electricity generation to and technologies. These will include the term be obtained from renewable energy use of more fuel-efficient vehicles and EJJSVHEFPIERHIJJMGMIRXWYTTPMIW sources. Current legislation targets alternative energy systems. renewable energy supply of 9500 HIZIPSTQIRXSJVIRI[EFPIIRIVK]JVSQ gigawatt hours (GWH) per annum within the South West. by 2010. The Australian Department 5.6 Energy of Climate Change is preparing new Objective legislation that will increase the Renewable Energy Target to 20 per Renewable energy sources, such as To encourage the development of cent of total electricity generation, with domestic rooftop photo-voltaics, solar and alternative renewable energy and maintain the target defined as 45,000 gigawatt wind, have application in the South West affordable and efficient energy supply. hours over the period 2010 to 2020. due to favourable weather conditions. The Queensland Government’s vision Potential electricity generation from Aligned strategy Toward Q2: Tomorrow’s Queensland, geothermal resources in, or just outside is also aligned and advocates a one- the South West, may become viable as 5.6.A Research and advance opportunities third reduction in the carbon footprint technologies further develop. National for alternative energy sources and of Queensland households by 2020. legislative changes to encourage higher generation. The South West Regional Development mandatory renewable energy contributions Association has recognised the may speed up the development of this potential for a gas-fired power station resource. Explanatory notes to be located in the South West. In a carbon-constrained society, the South The South West has extensive renewable This would address problems with West has substantial non-renewable and non-renewable energy resources. the unreliability of existing electricity and renewable energy resources that The non-renewable gas and oil resources supplies and the use of plentiful provide opportunities for the region to be are currently being exploited and are supplies of low-cost gas in the region. independent of eastern supplies. piped from the region to areas within 40 South West Regional Plan

6. Infrastructure

Desired regional outcome

A coordinated, safe and efficient network of all facets of infrastructure, which is well maintained and underpins the social, economic and environmental health of the region.

The South West’s large area and ;EVVIKS,MKL[E][LMGLPMROWXLI The South West is served by a passenger dispersed population make delivery region via Charleville to the east rail link to Brisbane, which operates of an efficient, well-maintained and twice a week. The passenger rail service 1MXGLIPP,MKL[E][LMGLPMROW2I[ cost-effective infrastructure network a South Wales to Cunnamulla, Charleville, terminates at Charleville and services challenging task. Augathella and Tambo Quilpie, Cheepie, Cooladdi, Wyandra and Cunnamulla by connecting coach The term infrastructure does not solely 6EMPPMROW§&VMWFERIXS'LEVPIZMPPI services. The presence of rail provides an refer to hard infrastructure such as roads, and Charleville to Cunnamulla and important freight link to the markets to rail, electricity transmission, information Charleville to Quilpie the east. and communication technology, and %MVTSVXWWIVZMGIHF]VIKYPEVGSQQIVGMEP water. The term also refers to the flights—in Charleville, Cunnamulla, Privately operated coach services operate region’s ‘soft’ infrastructure assets and Quilpie and Thargomindah. to Charleville, Cunnamulla, Quilpie and requirements, such as health services, Thargomindah. fire and ambulance facilities, access to The infrastructure needs of local community services, skills, knowledge, communities will need to be managed in Air services to and from Brisbane are and the strength of local relationships planning for any growth in the resource available in the South West, although and networks. These assets are addressed sector in the South West. As reported the reliability of these services outside 49 in section 3. Strong communities. at the 2008 resource summits, the Charleville is inconsistent. The Royal benefits and opportunities that will be Flying Doctor Service of Australia plays A third dimension of infrastructure is created by growth are recognised by a vital role in providing emergency natural infrastructure, which includes the local communities, however, challenges health care. region’s natural ecosystem services such will also need to be addressed to ensure as rivers, landscapes, soils and water the current quality regional lifestyle is There is an extensive network of oil and resources. This is addressed in maintained. gas pipelines in the South West. These section 1. Natural environment and pipelines transport oil and gas extracted section 2. Natural resources. Road infrastructure, for example, will be from the region to Brisbane and Adelaide. impacted by increased traffic volumes Infrastructure for petroleum and gas An overview of the region’s hard in areas where mining exploration is extraction will be provided in the region infrastructure is presented in map 5— undertaken. The provision of regional on a commercial basis. Infrastructure (see appendix 2). infrastructure, including the maintenance The most important transport networks and funding of roads, will therefore The South West relies heavily on high- and nodes are: require collaborative planning solutions quality communications technology, which that will need to be developed in is vital in such a remote region. &YPPSS(IZIPSTQIRXEP6SEH %HZIRXYVI consultation with all key stakeholders. Way), which runs east–west through The key infrastructure concerns facing the the Paroo and Bulloo Shires, where it Greater communication between all levels South West include: meets the Cooper Developmental Road, of government and the local community which is expected to be sealed to the will be achieved by working together to XVERWTSVXWIVZMGIWXLEXTVSZMHIEGGIWW South Australian border by 2010 develop regional infrastructure solutions, to other government services through planning partnerships founded on MRGVIEWMRKGSWXWXSXVERWTSVXKSSHWF] (MEQERXMRE(IZIPSTQIRXEP6SEH shared ambitions, shared responsibility rail which links Charleville to Quilpie and and shared action.50 continues to Windorah YTKVEHMRKMRJSVQEXMSRERH communications technology.

49 Bowen Basin resource summit, 20 November 2008; Dalby resource summit, 21 November 2008; Mount Isa resource summit, 28 November 2008. 50 Queensland Government, Toward Q2 Tomorrow’s Queensland, September 2008: p10 Part E—Regional policies and strategies 41

6.1 Delivering regional Land use policies Aligned strategies infrastructure 6.1.1 Ensure land use planning supports 6.1.A Provide an adequate level of and encourages: utilities and communication infrastructure to new development. Transport infrastructure is fundamentally sustainable transport modes important to the social wellbeing consideration of major natural 6.1.B Develop drinking water, and economic viability of the South hazards waste disposal and electricity West. Other needs, such as access to infrastructure for urban settlements consideration of the risks from information using the best available to best practice standards. communication technology, are also a climate change priority. transport systems that protect 6.1.C Manage the regional stock route and enhance public safety and network for use by travelling stock The South West’s transport infrastructure facilitate safe and efficient and ensure its biodiversity, cultural consists of road, rail, air, stock routes and movement of goods and services. and amenity values are retained. pedestrian and cycle links (see map 4— Transportation in appendix 2). Ensuring 6.1.2 Maintain the transport network 6.1.D Ensure airport facilities and efficient functioning and high quality of to meet current and projected infrastructure meet the requirements this infrastructure is of vital importance community and industry needs. of passenger, freight and emergency to a remote region such as the South This includes linking rural and services users and are maintained West, given the long distances between remote areas to surrounding at an appropriate level to cater for services, people and markets. regions and major regional markets, demand. and facilitating access within and between centres. 6.1.E Consider safety, energy-efficiency, Objective compatibility with existing land 6.1.3 Protect existing and future uses, cost-effectiveness and climate To provide and maintain all facets infrastructure corridors from change vulnerability in regional of infrastructure in a transparent, development encroachment and infrastructure planning, delivery and coordinated and planned manner that is inappropriate uses that may maintenance. adaptable to the challenges of the 21st compromise the corridor’s existing 6.1.F Support local governments to century, including peak oil and climate purposes or future opportunities. change. upgrade sewerage treatment 6.1.4 Deliver infrastructure planning operations in urban locations, as and charging through priority appropriately determined by need infrastructure planning, as a and available funds. component of local government 6.1.G Investigate cost-effective and planning schemes. environmentally sustainable sewerage treatment systems that are suitable for recreational areas and isolated tourist nodes. 42 South West Regional Plan

Explanatory notes Air transport has experienced an increase Walking and cycling links have the in passenger and freight volumes and this potential to play an important role in Roads are currently the primary means is expected to continue into the future. short-distance transport and contribute of movement in the South West. These Scheduled passenger services currently to healthy lifestyle choices for residents. roads carry a higher than average operate from Brisbane to Charleville, Low traffic volumes, flat terrain and a dry proportion of commercial heavy vehicles Cunnamulla and Thargomindah. Air climate make the region’s towns ideal for and tourist caravans and campervans. transport plays an important role in the cycling, particularly in the cooler months. Some major routes are experiencing development of the region’s oil and gas significant traffic increases, particularly resources, with its dependence on a fly-in Challenges to the South West’s transport of heavy vehicles. It is anticipated and fly-out workforce. infrastructure include: that the upgraded Adventure Way from Brisbane to Adelaide will also see Stock routes are an important part of QMRMQMWMRKXLIMQTEGXSJLIEZ]ZILMGPIW increased tourist and transport usage the transport network and are regulated on roads and the safety and amenity of and provide further development under state legislation and managed by residents opportunities in Bulloo Shire. local government. Stock routes provide GSRXMRYEPP]MQTVSZMRKXLIUYEPMX]ERH vital links for graziers moving stock safety of the road network Rail use has declined in the South West, around the region, or moving stock from although it still plays a vital role in one region to another, particularly during IRWYVMRKXLIGSRXMRYEXMSRSJJVIMKLXERH the transport of freight to the Port of drought. The stock route network may passenger rail services Brisbane. Passenger rail services also play play an increasingly important role in WYTTSVXMRKIGSRSQMGHIZIPSTQIRX a role in the development of the region’s the future, in response to peak oil and WIVZMGMRKEHMWTIVWIHWIXXPIQIRX tourism industry, however, challenges to rising fuel costs, as well as the effects of pattern. rail’s viability include road transport and climate change. Stock routes also provide increasing freight charges. The planned important biodiversity refuges. The stock To address these challenges, government Wandoan to Banana rail link (Surat Basin route network must be well-managed and private service providers need to Railway) will connect the region to the to protect its inherent values and to collaborate to identify and implement Port of Gladstone, improving the South ensure it is available to serve its intended transport infrastructure strategies that West’s access to international markets. purpose. Aboriginal residents could meet regional needs. provide invaluable management skills to assist rural protection boards in managing stock routes. Part F—Implementation, monitoring and review 43

PART F— Implementation, monitoring and review

The South West Regional Plan establishes The regional plan provides the broad Relevant provisions of the Integrated a basis for better planning, management framework for addressing priority issues Planning Act 1997 include: and development in the region. The in the South West over the next 20 years. value of the regional plan will be largely It also considers the need to ensure that establishing a Regional Coordination determined by how successfully its planning decisions made today do not Committee to advise the Planning outcomes are supported and implemented compromise opportunities to meet longer Minister on regional issues by government and the community. term regional needs. ensuring local government planning Effective implementation requires schemes reflect the regional plan cooperation by community stakeholders Plan making and coordination of state and local Implementation ensuring state and local governments government activities and plans. take into account the regional plan Implementing the regional plan involves when preparing or amending a plan, coordinating and reviewing a range of policy or code that may affect a matter plans, infrastructure and services. covered by the regional plan

The monitoring and review elements ensuring development assessment Review are critical to charting the progress of Monitoring & processes, including referral agency land use planning achievements and reporting obligations for development are essential to a performance-based applications address matters covered in approach. The monitoring and review the regional plan Figure 5. The adaptive management cycle provides a feedback loop to allow planning process adaptive management as a response allowing the Planning Minister to to changing circumstances and new exercise ‘call-in’ powers—the Minister’s information. If land use plans are to Plan making ability to call in development achieve their goals and objectives, the applications that are outside the scope of planning schemes planning process (Figure 5) must be The regional plan is a statutory designed to be cyclical and should not instrument under the Statutory establishing processes for amending begin or end at a distinct point in time. Instruments Act 1992, with effects of the the regional plan. Instead, the process should always regional plan established under section be structured to include monitoring, 2.5A of the Integrated Planning Act 1997. evaluation and feedback, in recognition of the need to learn and therefore adapt over time.51

51 Low Choy DC, Worrall RH, Gleeson J, McKay P and Robinson J (2002) In Environmental Planning Project: Volume 1, Management Frameworks, Tools and Cooperative Mechanisms. CRC for Coastal Zone Estuary and Waterway Management, Technical Report 4. 243pp. 44 South West Regional Plan

Implementation Roles and Review process responsibilities Implementation requires the cooperation The review process guides further policy and involvement of all three levels development and assists in setting future of government, non-government The Regional Coordination Committee priority projects and actions. This will organisations, the private sector and the advises the Queensland Government, be reviewed formally at least every 10 community. Implementation mechanisms through the Planning Minister, on the years in accordance with section 2.5A.10 will include: development and implementation of the (2) of the Integrated Planning Act regional plan. 1997. In addition, the Planning Minister MRGSVTSVEXMRKVIKMSREPTPERRMRK may amend, replace or approve minor The rights and responsibilities of outcomes into capital works and revisions of the regional plan at any time, individual agencies, authorities and service programs and policy- if required. making processes of state and local bodies are to be respected and retained, government including the responsibility for the Any review will include input from development, resourcing and funding of government and the community. It MRGSVTSVEXMRKVIKMSREPTPERRMRK programs within their portfolio interests. outcomes into local government will provide an open and accountable policies, corporate plans, development process that will involve and inform assessment processes and local the community of the outcome of any government planning schemes. Monitoring and regional monitoring program. The effective implementation of the reporting regional plan requires an efficient coordination system to guide, monitor Regional planning is a dynamic process Community and assist implementation activities. In and will not end with the completion of involvement in addition, the implementation process the regional plan. There is a clear need to should, wherever possible, make use of establish mechanisms to: implementation existing administrative structures and frameworks, and avoid duplication of QSRMXSVTVSKVIWWERHGLERKIWMRXLI The regional plan sets out the need to process. region involve all levels of government, industry MHIRXMJ]RI[ERHIQIVKMRKMWWYIW and the community in the planning, Primary implementation responsibilities development and management of the or elements of the regional plan will QSRMXSVMQTPIQIRXEXMSRSJXLI region. generally be designated to either state outcomes and strategies of the government agencies based on portfolio regional plan In regard to the implementation of the responsibilities, or to local government TIVMSHMGEPP]VIZMI[XLIWXEXYWSJXLI regional plan outcomes, it is important in the region. Lead agencies will be region and initiate changes to regional that appropriate consultation and responsible for coordinating the actions strategies and priorities where required. negotiations are undertaken with the of any other agencies that have a role in community and relevant stakeholders Implementation will also involve a wide the implementation of strategies. about the implementation of specific range of community and industry groups strategies and actions arising from the and individuals, particularly at the A five-year action plan will be prepared plan. The extent, level and timing of subregional and local levels. The regional in consultation with the Regional consultation will depend on the particular plan sets out the need to involve all Coordination Committee, to outline strategy or action conditions. The levels of government, industry and the the key priorities for implementing the responsibility to ensure that appropriate community in the planning, development regional plan within this time frame. The community and stakeholder consultation and management of the region. action plan will identify the projects, the is undertaken will primarily rest with the actions required, and the lead agencies. lead agency for a particular strategy in the plan. The implementation process also requires the preparation of detailed action plans, Members of the community and specific work programs, budget estimates and interest groups can also provide input resource requirements. This work will be into the implementation process through coordinated by nominated government the Regional Coordination Committee. agencies. Longer-term planning for infrastructure will also be guided by the policies of the regional plan. 46 South West Regional Plan

Appendix 1

are specific wetland decisions that have Further information about Mapping methodology ‘state’ significance from the Brigalow Belt The Department of Environment and for areas of ecological and Mulga Lands biodiversity planning Resource Management (DERM)’s assessments and have been designated biodiversity mapping methodology can significance as areas of high ecological significance. be found on the agency’s website. Specifically, areas of artesian springs The Department of Environment and have been identified and designated For wetland areas: Resource Management (DERM) has high ecological significance through www.epa.qld.gov.au/wetlandinfo/site/ prepared mapping showing areas of the biodiversity planning assessments SupportTools/AssessmentMethods/ ecological significance. The maps have process. AquaBAMM. been prepared from high-quality data sets For terrestrial areas: of terrestrial vegetation, key threatened Terrestrial areas: Essential habitats were www.epa.qld.gov.au/publications?id=471 species habitats and wetlands. The outlined as high ecological significance accuracy of mapping is considered by either having a habitat suitability map reliable for planning purposes. or EVR52 points that have been buffered Areas of general ecological by double the precision of the point significance To prepare maps the Department of data. The following are assigned a high The Department of Environment and Environment and Resource Management ecological significance value: Resource Management (DERM) used the (DERM) takes data for specific ecological following data and ecological significance resources and, using geographic FMSHMZIVWMX]TPERRMRKEWWIWWQIRX& assessment methods to map areas of information system methodologies, status = ‘high’ or ‘very high’ general ecological significance: identifies areas of relative significance. REXYVIVIJYKIW More information is available from the Wetland areas: The following are assigned The Department of Environment and GVMXIVMSR&ZIV]LMKLVIKMSREP a general ecological significance value: Resource Management (DERM) website. ecosystem value = ‘very high’ FMSHMZIVWMX]TPERRMRKEWWIWWQIRX wetland biodiversity planning Areas of high ecological special areas—state significance that assessment special areas that have have terrestrial values. significance regional significance Corridors: Terrestrial corridors that are a Queensland wetland mapping—where The Department of Environment and part of the State Corridor Network—used approved Resource Management (DERM) used the within biodiversity planning assessments following data and ecological significance and some outside of biodiversity planning topographic lakes layer taken from assessment methods to map areas of assessments—are used as a centre line. GEODATA Australia 1:250K map where high ecological significance: Remnant vegetation that has 30 per cent Queensland Wetlands Program is not of its total area within the corridor buffer approved. Conservation estate: These areas is selected as high ecological significance. Terrestrial areas: The following are include The Department of Environment Corridor buffer outlines indicate areas of assigned a general ecological significance and Resource Management (DERM)- non-remnant high ecological significance. value: managed areas such as national parks Riparian corridors are based on major FMSHMZIVWMX]TPERRMRKEWWIWWQIRXJEYRE and conservation parks—excluding rivers that have been identified with the flora habitat models forest reserves, state forests and timber biodiversity planning assessment process. reserves. Again, remnant vegetation that has 30 FMSHMZIVWMX]TPERRMRKEWWIWWQIRX& per cent of its total area within the buffer status—not of concern in subregions Wetlands areas: In the catchments of of the riparian corridor is high ecological with less then 30 per cent of remaining the Queensland Murray-Darling Basin, significance, as is a 100 metre buffer of vegetation wetland mapping prepared under the any non-remnant areas. FMSHMZIVWMX]TPERRMRKEWWIWWQIRXWTIGMEP Queensland Wetlands Program was areas that have regional significance used as a base. The Department of Threshold ecosystems: Regional Environment and Resource Management ecosystems that are at risk of the IWWIRXMEPLEFMXEXW§QSHIPWSJLMKL (DERM) tool AquaBAMM is being used remnant extent falling below 30 per mobility vulnerable or rare species for aquatic conservation assessments cent of its pre-clearing extent, or having Mapped remnant vegetation: including throughout the Queensland Murray- a remnant extent of less than 10 000 not of concern regional ecosystems. Darling Basin and, where completed, hectares. high ecological significance areas can be Assessable non-remnant or regrowth identified from sites assessed as being Assessable53 non-remnant or regrowth endangered and of concern regional of ‘very high’ or ‘high’ significance under endangered and of concern regional ecosystems. this system. Included in wetland areas ecosystems.

52 E-endangered, V-vulnerable and R-rare—designations of abundance for native species scheduled under the Nature Conservation Act 1992. 53 Requiring an approval under the Vegetation Managemment Act 1999 for clearing. Appendix 2 - Maps 47

Appendix 2

Map 1: Regional activity centres

Disclaimer: The information on this map should be treated as indicative only and subject to ongoing refinement. Based on or contains data provided by the State of Queensland (Department of Environment and Resource Management) 2008. In consideration of the state permitting use of this data you acknowledge and agree that the state gives no warranty in relation to the data (including accuracy, reliability, completeness, currency or suitability) and accepts no liability (including without limitation, liability in negligence) for any loss, damage or costs (including consequential damage) relating to any use of the data. Data must not be used for direct marketing or be used in breach of the privacy laws. Data source: Department of Environment and Resource Management and Department of Infrastructure and Planning. 48 South West Regional Plan Map 2: Natural environment 2: Natural Map Appendix 2 - Maps 49 nd Department of Infrastructure and Planning. of Infrastructure nd Department ives no warranty in relation to the data (including accuracy, reliability, completeness, reliability, to the data (including accuracy, no warranty in relation ives tains data provided by the State of Queensland (Department of Environment and of Environment (Department of Queensland the State by tains data provided or costs (including consequential damage) relating to any use of the data. Data must not be used to any use of the data. Data or costs (including consequential damage) relating Disclaimer: The information on this map should be treated as indicative only and subject to ongoing refinement. Based on or con Based only and subject to ongoing refinement. as indicative The information on this map should be treated Disclaimer: that the state g and agree acknowledge consideration of the state permitting use this data you 2008. In Management) Resource or suitability) and accepts no liability (including without limitation, in negligence) for any loss, damage currency a Management and Resource of Environment Department source: laws. Data of the privacy or be used in breach marketing for direct 50 South West Regional Plan Map 3: Natural economic resources 3: Natural Map Appendix 2 - Maps 51 nd Department of Infrastructure and Planning. of Infrastructure nd Department ives no warranty in relation to the data (including accuracy, reliability, completeness, reliability, to the data (including accuracy, no warranty in relation ives tains data provided by the State of Queensland (Department of Environment and of Environment (Department of Queensland the State by tains data provided or costs (including consequential damage) relating to any use of the data. Data must not be used to any use of the data. Data or costs (including consequential damage) relating Disclaimer: The information on this map should be treated as indicative only and subject to ongoing refinement. Based on or con Based only and subject to ongoing refinement. as indicative The information on this map should be treated Disclaimer: that the state g and agree acknowledge consideration of the state permitting use this data you 2008. In Management) Resource or suitability) and accepts no liability (including without limitation, in negligence) for any loss, damage currency a Management and Resource of Environment Department source: laws. Data of the privacy or be used in breach marketing for direct 52 South West Regional Plan

Map 4: Transportation

Map 5: Infrastructure

Bibliography

Australian Government (Australian Queensland Government (Department Queensland Government (Environmental Bureau of Statistics) (2006) Census data. of Infrastructure and Planning) (1997) Protection Agency) (1998) Stormwater www.censusdata.abs.gov.au.Australian Integrated Planning Act 1997. Department 5YEPMX]'SRXVSP+YMHIPMRIWJSV0SGEP Government (Australian Bureau of of Infrastructure and Planning, Brisbane. +SZIVRQIRX Environmental Statistics) (2007) Regional Population www.legislation.qld.gov.au accessed Protection Agency, Brisbane. +VS[XL%YWXVEPME¦ (3218.0). 30.06.08. www.epa.qld.gov.au/environmental_ management/water/environmental_ Australian Government (Department of Queensland Government (Department values__environmental_protection_water_ Environment and Heritage, Australian of Infrastructure and Planning, Planning policy_1997/stormwater_guidelines_for_ Greenhouse Office) and Allen Consulting Information and Forecasting Unit) (2007) local_government accessed 30.06.08. Group (2005) Climate change risk and Population and Housing Fact Sheet: vulnerability: Promoting an efficient South Western Region. Department of Queensland Government (Environmental adaptation response in Australia. Local Government, Planning, Sport Protection Agency) (1999) The Australian Government, Canberra. and Recreation, Brisbane. Conservation Status of Queensland’s www.lgp.qld.gov.au. Bioregional Ecosystems. Blake (2005) Queensland Cultural Heritage Places Context Queensland Government (Department Queensland Government (Environmental Study—Final Report. of Infrastrucure and Planning, Planning Protection Agency) (2002) Heritage Trails Information and Forecasting Unit) (2007) of the Queensland Outback. Bureau of Meteorology (2007) Queensland population update—including www.bom.gov.au accessed 30.06.08. regional population trends No. 10 August Queensland Government (Environmental 2007. Department of Local Government, Protection Agency) (2008) Queensland Canty and Associates LLC (2008) Planning, Sport and Recreation, Brisbane. ;EXIV5YEPMX]+YMHIPMRIW Weatherbase. www.weatherbase.com www.localgovernment.qld.gov.au 30.06.08. [[[ITEUPHKSZEYIRZMVSRQIRXEPC accessed 30.06.08. QEREKIQIRX[EXIVUYIIRWPERHC[EXIVC Queensland Government (Department of UYEPMX]CKYMHIPMRIWaccessed 30.06.08. Lesley, J (2001) Lure of the Land: Natural Resources and Water) (2006), A Brief History of Quilpie Shire. Significant Places, Cultural Heritage Santos (2008) www.santos.com South West Natural Resource Map. Department of Natural Resources accessed 30.06.08. Management (NRM) Ltd, Charleville. and Water, Brisbane. www.nrw.qld.gov.au 30.06.08. Senator Russell Trood (2007) Low Choy, DC, Worrall, RH, Gleeson, www.senatortrood.com accessed 30.06.08. J, McKay, P and Robinson, J (2002) In Queensland Government (Department Environmental Planning Project: Volume of Primary Industries) (2006) Overview South West Natural Resource Management 1—Management Frameworks, Tools of Western Queensland. Department of (NRM) Ltd (2008) South West Natural and Cooperative Mechanisms. CRC for Primary Industries, Brisbane. Resource Management Plan 2008–2013. Coastal Zone Estuary and Waterway Management, Technical Report 4. 243pp. Queensland Government (Department SunWater (2007) Cunnamulla water of the Premier and Cabinet) (2007), supply scheme www.sunwater.com.au Murweh Shire Council (2007), Charleville. ClimateSmart 2050—Queensland climate accessed 29.06.08. www.murweh.qld.gov.au change strategy 2007: A low carbon accessed 30.06.08. future. Department of the Premier and Tindale, N (1974) Aboriginal Tribes of Cabinet, Brisbane. www.thepremier.qld. Australia. University of California Press, Paroo Shire Council (2008) Cunnamulla. gov.au/initiatives/climate/index.shtm Berkley, USA. www.paroo.info accessed 30.06.08. accessed 30.06.08.

Queensland Government (Department Queensland Government (Environmental of Communities) (2006) Blueprint for Protection Agency) (2008) the Bush. Department of Communities, Environmental Protection (Water) Brisbane. Policy 2008 Schedule 1. Environmental Protection Agency, Brisbane, Queensland Government (Department www.legislation.qld.gov.au of Infrastructure and Planning) (2007) accessed 30.06.08. Urban and rural population change and population movement in Western Queensland planning regions. Department of Infrastructure and Planning, Brisbane. Glossary 55

Glossary

Agriculture: The production of food, fibre Development: Carrying out building, Landholder: A landowner, land manager, and timber, including grazing, cropping, plumbing or drainage work; operational person or group of people with an horticulture and forestry. work; reconfiguring a lot; or making a interest in the planning area through material change of use to premises. special lease, mining claim, occupational Aligned strategies: Aligned strategies are licence, occupation permit, exploration statutory principles designed to achieve Ecological sustainability: A balance permit, stock grazing permit, pastoral a desired regional outcome, generally that integrates protection of ecological holding or permit to occupy, and trustees through a collaborative and voluntary processes and natural systems at local, of land set aside for public purposes. approach, and are aligned to other regional, state and wider levels; economic legislation, plans, processes and voluntary development; and maintenance of the Natural resources: Soil, vegetation, plants, programs. They may be implemented cultural, economic, physical and social animals, minerals, air and water that by various stakeholders, including wellbeing of people and communities. are used for economic benefit and/or local, state and federal government; community wellbeing. non-government organisations such Ecosystem: A community of organisms as community or natural resource interacting with one another and the No net loss: Habitat losses must be management groups; and the private environment in which they live. offset into areas with equal or higher sector. biodiversity values. Ecosystem services: Services provided Biodiversity: The variety of all life forms by the natural environment essential for Pest species: Plant and animal species including the different plants, animals and human survival. that have established in areas outside micro-organisms, the genes they contain their naturally occurring distributions. and the ecosystems of which they form Ecotourism: Nature-based tourism that a part. involves education and interpretation of Planning Minister: The Minister the natural environment and is managed administering section 2.5A of the Bioregion: The primary level of land to be ecologically sustainable. Integrated Planning Act 1997. classification in Queensland based on regional geology and climate, as well as Historical themes: Places or objects that Planning scheme: An instrument made major biota. have anthropological, archaeological, by a local government under division 3.8, historical, scientific, spiritual, visual section 2.1.1 of the Integrated Planning Climate change: A change of climate, or sociological significance or value, Act 1997. which is attributed directly or indirectly to including such significance or value under human activity that alters the composition Aboriginal tradition or Torres Strait Island Population density: The number of of the global atmosphere, and is in custom. persons per square kilometre. addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods. Indigenous cultural heritage: Landscapes, Population projection: A population places, objects, art and intangible aspects prediction that is the most likely outcome Conservation: The protection and such as language, song and stories that over the 20-year time frame of the plan. maintenance of nature while allowing for hold significance for Indigenous peoples. its ecologically sustainable use (section Precautionary principle: Where there 9 of the Nature Conservation Act 1992). Indigenous Land Use Agreement: A are threats of serious or irreversible voluntary agreement between a native environmental damage, lack of full Cultural heritage: A place or object that title group and others about the use and scientific certainty should not be used has aesthetic, architectural, historical, management of land and waters. as a reason for postponing measures to scientific, social or technological prevent environmental degradation (refer significance to present, past or future Integrated Development Assessment to the underlying principles in part E of generations. System: Established under chapter 3 the regional plan). of the Integrated Planning Act 1997, Desired regional outcome: Regional the system through which development Protected area: National parks, policies set out the desired regional applications are assessed by the relevant conservation parks, resources reserves, outcomes, principles and policies to assessment manager. nature refuges, coordinated conservation address growth management in a areas, wilderness areas, world heritage region. The policies guide state and Land use policies: Policies that have management areas and international local government planning processes a land use planning focus and can be agreement areas under section 14 of the and decision making. Local government delivered through a range of Integrated Nature Conservation Act 1992. planning schemes must be consistent Planning Act planning tools, for example, with the intent of the desired regional planning schemes, priority infrastructure Protected wildlife: Presumed extinct, outcomes, objectives and policies. plans and the Integrated Development endangered, vulnerable, rare or common Assessment System. wildlife, as defined in the Nature Conservation Act 1992. 56 South West Regional Plan

Glossary continued

Regional activity centre: A centre or Traditional Owners: Members of an proposed centre identified in the regional indigenous group that has a particular activity centres network. These centres connection with land under Indigenous support a concentration of activity, tradition. including higher density living, business, employment, research, education and Transit: The term used to describe public services. transport, for example, bus, rail or ferry services. Regional Coordination Committee: The committee established by the Planning Urban purposes: Purposes for which Minister under section 2.5A.3 of the land is used in cities or towns, including Integrated Planning Act 1997 to advise residential, industrial, sporting, recreation the Queensland Government through the and commercial purposes, but not Planning Minister on the development including environmental, conservation, and implementation of the regional plan. rural, natural or wilderness area purposes.

Regional plan: The South West Regional Vision: The community’s long-term Plan, developed in accordance with aspirations for the region. section 2.5A of the Integrated Planning Act 1997. Water resource plan: A plan approved under section 50 (2) of the Water Act Regional Planning Advisory Committee: 2000. The committee established by the Planning Minister under section 2.5.2 Waterway: River, creek, stream, of the Integrated Planning Act 1997 watercourse or inlet of the sea (Fisheries to advise the Queensland Government Act 1994). through the regional Planning Minister on the development and implementation of Wetland: Areas of permanent or periodic/ the regional plan. intermittent inundation, with static or flowing water that is fresh, brackish or Residential development: Development salt, including areas of marine water. for a residential purpose that is at a scale greater than a single dwelling on an Zoned land: Land allocated or identified existing lot. as a zone or other like term such as domain or area in a planning scheme, Riparian: The banks of land next to a including a strategic plan in a transitional waterway or wetland that contribute to planning scheme. its ecological balance, preservation and continuation.

Settlement pattern: The spatial distribution of urban and rural land use, employment, population, centres and infrastructure. Acknowledgements 57

Acknowledgements

This regional plan is the result of Special thanks to: Ms Jenny Hewson—Quilpie community contributions from a wide range of representative government and stakeholder groups and Members of South West Regional Cr Alan Travers—Paroo community Coordination Committee the community. Members of the South representative West Regional Coordination Committee (previously the South West Regional Hon Stirling Hinchliffe MP (chair), Cr Karen Ticehurst—Paroo community Planning Advisory Committee) and Minister for Infrastructure and Planning representative representatives of the region’s stakeholder Hon Paul Lucas MP (former chair), Mr Chris Blanch—CEO of Murweh Shire groups have contributed significant time Deputy Premier and Minister for Health Council and resources to the planning process in and former Minister for Infrastructure Mr Mike Hayward—CEO Bulloo Shire order to meet the project time frames. and Planning Council The planning team members have also Councillor Mark O’Brien—Mayor of put in a tremendous effort, which is Mr Mark Watt—CEO of Paroo Shire Murweh Shire Council greatly appreciated. Although it is not Council Councillor John ‘Tractor’ Ferguson— possible to list every contributor, their Mr Carl Ninine—CEO of Quilpie Shire input is recognised and valued. Mayor of Bulloo Shire Council Council Councillor Jo Sheppard—Mayor of Paroo The contributions of the following groups 5YIIRWPERH+SZIVRQIRXHITEVXQIRXW Shire Council are acknowledged: Councillor Dave Edwards—Mayor of (ITEVXQIRXSJXLI4VIQMIVERH'EFMRIX 7SYXL;IWX6IKMSREP'SSVHMREXMSR Quilpie Shire Council 5YIIRWPERH,IEPXL Committee Mr Royce Brown—Director, former 5YIIRWPERH8VIEWYV] VIKMSREPWXEOILSPHIVKVSYTW Department of Tourism, Regional Development and Industry (ITEVXQIRXSJ)QTPS]QIRX)GSRSQMG PSGEPKSZIVRQIRX Development and Innovation Mr Kevin Chambers—Manager, WXEXIKSZIVRQIRX Transport Planning, former Department (ITEVXQIRXSJ4YFPMG;SVOW 'SQQSR[IEPXL+SZIVRQIRX of Main Roads (ITEVXQIRXSJ)RZMVSRQIRXERH WXEJJJVSQXLI(ITEVXQIRXSJ Mr Peter Hand—Regional Director, Resource Management Infrastructure and Planning. Department of Communities (ITEVXQIRXSJ)HYGEXMSRERH8VEMRMRK Project team Mr Mick McNiven—Indigenous Liaison 5YIIRWPERH4SPMGI Officer, South West Natural Resource (ITEVXQIRXSJ'SQQYRMX]7EJIX] Mr Robert Zigterman—former Principal Management (NRM) Ltd Planner, Southern Region Division, (ITEVXQIRXSJ8VERWTSVXERH Ms Carol Vale—Indigenous Engagement Department of Infrastructure and Main Roads Planning Officer, Department of Communities (ITEVXQIRXSJ-RJVEWXVYGXYVIERH Ms Debra Alick, Ms Gail Kellar and Mr George Martin—Principal Planner, Planning Southern Region Division, Department Mr Roger Meany—Queensland Health (ITEVXQIRXSJ'SQQYRMXMIW of Infrastructure and Planning representatives Mr Greg Field—South West Regional (ITEVXQIRXSJ.YWXMGIERH Ms Fiona Bailey—Manager, Planning Attorney-General Southern Region Division, Department Managers’ Coordination Network of Infrastructure and Planning Mr Tom Garrett—Chair, South West Other important contributors Natural Resource Management (NRM) Mr Mark Roberts—former Planner, Southern Region Division, Department Ltd Ms Elizabeth Yeo—Community of Infrastructure and Planning Ms Carmel Meurant—South West Development Advisor, Queensland Tourism representative Resources Council Ms Carmel Humphries—Planner, Southern Region Division, Department Ms Tricia Agar—AgForce representative Mr Geoff Edwards—Former CEO, of Infrastructure and Planning South West Natural Resource Mr Barry Braithwaite—Chair, Southern Management (NRM) Ltd Mr Kevin Bowden—GIS Coordinator, Inland Queensland ACC Southern Region Division, Department Mr George Donohue—Murweh Images courtesy of: of Infrastructure and Planning community representative Ms Linda Brown—Administration Officer, Ray Cash Photography Ms Donna Gentle—Bulloo community Southern Region Division, Department representative of Infrastructure and Planning Ms Monica James—Quilpie community representative 60 South West Regional Plan

Department of Infrastructure and Planning PO Box 979 Bundaberg Qld 4670 tel 1300 724 051 fax +61 7 4151 9745 [email protected]