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Nitrogen and Phosphorus Nutrition of Trees and Forests Nitrogen and Phosphorus Nutrition of Trees and Forests Edited by Heinz Rennenberg and Mark A. Adams Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Forests www.mdpi.com/journal/forests Heinz Rennenberg and Mark A. Adams (Eds.) Nitrogen and Phosphorus Nutrition of Trees and Forests This book is a reprint of the Special Issue that appeared in the online, open access journal, Forests (ISSN 1999-4907) from 2014–2015 (available at: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/forests/special_issues/N_P). Guest Editors Heinz Rennenberg Institute of Forest Sciences University of Freiburg Germany Mark A. Adams Faculty of Agriculture and Environment University of Sydney Australia Editorial Office MDPI AG Klybeckstrasse 64 Basel, Switzerland Publisher Shu-Kun Lin Managing Editor Echo Zhang 1. Edition 2016 MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan ISBN 978-3-03842-185-6 (Hbk) ISBN 978-3-03842-186-3 (PDF) © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. All articles in this volume are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY), which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. However, the dissemination and distribution of physical copies of this book as a whole is restricted to MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. III Table of Contents List of Contributors ............................................................................................................ VII About the Guest Editors......................................................................................................... X Preface .................................................................................................................................XI Heinz Rennenberg and Michael Dannenmann Nitrogen Nutrition of Trees in Temperate Forests—The Significance of Nitrogen Availability in the Pedosphere and Atmosphere Reprinted from: Forests 2015, 6(8), 2820-2835 http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/6/8/2820 ............................................................................ 1 Richard Hrivnák, Michal Slezák, Benjamín Jarþuška, Ivan Jarolímek and Judita Kochjarová Native and Alien Plant Species Richness Response to Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Temperate Floodplain and Swamp Forests Reprinted from: Forests 2015, 6(10), 3501-3513 http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/6/10/3501 ........................................................................ 17 Tae Kyung Yoon, Nam Jin Noh, Haegeun Chung, A-Ram Yang and Yowhan Son Soil Nitrogen Transformations and Availability in Upland Pine and Bottomland Alder Forests Reprinted from: Forests 2015, 6(9), 2941-2958 http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/6/9/2941 .......................................................................... 30 Timothy J. Albaugh, Thomas R. Fox, H. Lee Allen and Rafael A. Rubilar Juvenile Southern Pine Response to Fertilization Is Influenced by Soil Drainage and Texture Reprinted from: Forests 2015, 6(8), 2799-2819 http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/6/8/2799 .......................................................................... 48 Ania Kobylinski and Arthur L. Fredeen Importance of Arboreal Cyanolichen Abundance to Nitrogen Cycling in Sub-Boreal Spruce and Fir Forests of Central British Columbia, Canada Reprinted from: Forests 2015, 6(8), 2588-2607 http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/6/8/2588 .......................................................................... 68 IV Choonsig Kim, Jaeyeob Jeong, Jae-Hyun Park and Ho-Seop Ma Growth and Nutrient Status of Foliage as Affected by Tree Species and Fertilization in a Fire-Disturbed Urban Forest Reprinted from: Forests 2015, 6(6), 2199-2213 http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/6/6/2199 .......................................................................... 88 Xianming Dou, Baozhang Chen, T. Andrew Black, Rachhpal S. Jassal and Mingliang Che Impact of Nitrogen Fertilization on Forest Carbon Sequestration and Water Loss in a Chronosequence of Three Douglas-Fir Stands in the Pacific Northwest Reprinted from: Forests 2015, 6(6), 1897-1921 http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/6/6/1897 ........................................................................ 103 Gazali Issah, Anthony A. Kimaro, John Kort and J. Diane Knight Nitrogen Transfer to Forage Crops from a Caragana Shelterbelt Reprinted from: Forests 2015, 6(6), 1922-1932 http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/6/6/1922 ........................................................................ 129 Yang Cao and Yunming Chen Biomass, Carbon and Nutrient Storage in a 30-Year-Old Chinese Cork Oak (Quercus Variabilis) Forest on the South Slope of the Qinling Mountains, China Reprinted from: Forests 2015, 6(4), 1239-1255 http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/6/4/1239 ........................................................................ 140 Fredrik From, Joachim Strengbom and Annika Nordin Residual Long-Term Effects of Forest Fertilization on Tree Growth and Nitrogen Turnover in Boreal Forest Reprinted from: Forests 2015, 6(4), 1145-1156 http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/6/4/1145 ........................................................................ 157 Michael A. Blazier, D. Andrew Scott and Ryan Coleman Mid-Rotation Silviculture Timing Influences Nitrogen Mineralization of Loblolly Pine Plantations in the Mid-South USA Reprinted from: Forests 2015, 6(4), 1061-1082 http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/6/4/1061 ........................................................................ 169 V Yafei Yan, Shengzuo Fang, Ye Tian, Shiping Deng, Luozhong Tang and Dao Ngoc Chuong Influence of Tree Spacing on Soil Nitrogen Mineralization and Availability in Hybrid Poplar Plantations Reprinted from: Forests 2015, 6(3), 636-649 http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/6/3/636 .......................................................................... 193 Jaeeun Sohng, Ah Reum Han, Mi-Ae Jeong, Yunmi Park, Byung Bae Park and Pil Sun Park Seasonal Pattern of Decomposition and N, P, and C Dynamics in Leaf litter in a Mongolian Oak Forest and a Korean Pine Plantation Reprinted from: Forests 2014, 5(10), 2561-2580 http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/5/10/2561 ...................................................................... 208 Zareen Khan, Shyam L. Kandel, Daniela N. Ramos, Gregory J. Ettl, Soo-Hyung Kim and Sharon L. Doty Increased Biomass of Nursery-Grown Douglas-Fir Seedlings upon Inoculation with Diazotrophic Endophytic Consortia Reprinted from: Forests 2015, 6(10), 3582-3593 http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/6/10/3582 ...................................................................... 228 VII List of Contributors Timothy J. Albaugh: Virginia Tech Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, 228 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. H. Lee Allen: ProFor Consulting, Cary, NC 27511, USA. T. Andrew Black: Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Michael A. Blazier: Hill Farm Research Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Homer, LA 71040, USA. Yang Cao: State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China. Mingliang Che: State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Nature Resources Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. Yunming Chen: State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China. Baozhang Chen: School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Nature Resources Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. Haegeun Chung: Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea. Dao Ngoc Chuong: Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China. Ryan Coleman: Hill Farm Research Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Homer, LA 71040, USA. Michael Dannenmann: Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany. Shiping Deng: Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74048, USA. Sharon L. Doty: School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Xianming Dou: School of Resources and Earth Sciences; School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China. Gregory J. Ettl: School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. VIII Shengzuo Fang: Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China. Thomas R. Fox: Virginia Tech Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, 228 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. Arthur L. Fredeen:
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