Drought Mitigation Strategy for Bundelkhand Region of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh
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Report On Drought mitigation strategy for Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh 2003 2008 Dried up Banda Pond Dried up Banda Pond Dried dug Dried Tank well Degraded grazing land By Inter - Ministerial Central Team 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Description Page No. No. Foreword vii 1. Summary of Comments and Recommendations 1 2. Background information of Bundelkhand region 13 3 Watershed Development 36 4. Water Resources Management 43 5. Agriculture 77 6. Livestock 92 7. Horticulture 107 8. Forestry 110 9. Institutional Credit Extension System 117 10. Convergence 122 11. Four Tehsils of Allahabad district 126 12. References 133 2 LIST OF TABLES Table Description Page No. No. 1. Livelihood analysis of Jhansi district (Uttar Pradesh) 14 2. Trend of Land use change (%) during 1985-2003 in 17 Bundelkhand region (UP and MP) 3. Comparative development of Bundelkhand and other 20 districts of Uttar Pradesh based on scoring of 36 indicators 4. Ranking of agro-ecological regions of Uttar Pradesh 21 based on a few representative agricultural indicators 5. Distribution of meteorological drought in Bundelkhand 23 region of Uttar Pradesh 6. Distribution of meteorological drought in Bundelkhand 23 region of Madhya Pradesh 7. Net irrigated area as percent of net sown area in 24 Bundelkhand (Uttar Pradesh) 8. Net irrigated area as percent of net sown area in 24 Bundelkhand (Madhya Pradesh) 9. Irrigable area and area irrigated from different 46 sources in Bundelkhand 10. Groundwater Structures in Bundelkhand 47 11. Replenishable ground water resource and level of 49 development 12. Ground water extent and yield in the Bundelkhand 50 region (area in %) 13. Geo-hydrological formation in Bundelkhand Region 51 14. Summary of 62 Exploratory Drilling Tests in UP 52 15. Performance of Canal (no. of tails which could be 56 supplied water) 16. Performance of Lift Irrigation Schemes in 2006-07 58 17. Prioritization of water resource development schemes 62 recommended for funding for Uttar Pradesh 18. Performance of lift irrigation schemes in MP 64 19. MI schemes in Madhya Pradesh for which 68 administrative approval is already issued 20. Prioritization of water resource development schemes 70 recommended for Madhya Pradesh 3 21. Crop Varieties recommended for Bundelkhand region 80 of UP and MP by different ICAR Institutes and SAUs 22. New Wheat Varieties of Bundelkhand, Madhya 83 Pradesh, Gujarat, South Rajasthan and Chattisgarh (Recommended by Indore Centre of ICAR) 23. Choice of cultivars for contingency planning in 84 Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh 24. Matching Kharif crops with the onset of monsoon in 85 Bundelkhand region 25. Relative productivity (q/ha) of different crops in 88 Bundelkhand 26. Realizable gaps in the extension of existing 89 technologies (q/ha) 27. Livestock population in the Districts of Bundelkhand 94 Region of Uttar Pradesh 28. Livestock population in the Districts of Bundelkhand 94 Region of Madhya Pradesh 29. Area under forest in UP 110 30. Area under forest in MP 111 4 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Description Page No. No. 1. Percent Contribution of different Enterprises to total 13 income 2. Comparative Development scores of Bundelkhand 21 Districts of Uttar Pradesh against the highest scoring Districts 3. Progressive effect of Drought in Banda Pond of Datia 25 District which dried up for the first time (18 ha submergence area) 4. Filling of reservoirs in Bundelkhand parts of UP (28 Nos) 26 and MP (19 Nos) 5. Dried dug-cum bore well in Banda district of UP 27 6. Decline in ground water table of Chhatarpur (MP) during 27 continuous drought 7. Cracked soil and withered crop 29 8. Net Sown Area in Bundelkhand Region of UP 29 9. Reduction in grain production over the years 30 10. Dynamics of vulnerability coping mechanism and 33 drought mitigation 11 Water development in Bundelkhand region 45 12 Available ground water Irrigation potential and 48 utilization in Bundelkhand Region 13. Hybrid Bajra 77 14. Irrigated area in Bundelkhand Region (lakh ha) 78 15. Percent sown area during kharif & rabi in Bundelkhand 87 16. Percent distribution of Bovine and Ovine population 93 17. Goats being taken for grazing in Panna district 97 18. Transportation, storage and densification of dry fodder 101 during drought period 19. Managing vulnerability by convergence 125 5 LIST OF PLATES Sl.No. Description Page No. 1. Administrative divisions of Bundelkhand Region 16A 2. Physiography of Bundelkhand Region 16B 3. Soil types in Bundelkhand Region 16C 4. Water Drainage system in Bundelkhand Region 43A 5. Layout map of Ken – Betwa River link 72A LIST OF APPENDIX Sl.No. Description Page No. 1. Order of Ministry of Agriculture constituting the Inter- 126A Ministerial Central team 2. Itenary of visit of Central team to Bundelkhand region 127 3. List of existing irrigation projects and their performance 129 in Bundelkhand region of UP 4. Performance of canal systems in recent years in UP 130 5. List of existing irrigation projects and their performance 131 in Bundelkhand region of UP 6. Performance of irrigation projects in Bundelkhand region 132 of MP 6 FOREWORD About 80% of the world and 60% of the Indian Agriculture is rain-dependent, diverse, complex, under-invested, risky, distress prone and vulnerable. Uncertainties and seasonal migrations have been further compounded due to high frequency of the extreme weather events like droughts due to global warming. Historically Bundelkhand region of UP and MP used to have one drought in 16 years in 18 th and 19 th centuries which increased by three times during the period 1968 to 1992 and the past four years have witnessed continuous drought. Mitigation by devising robust and resilient systems of livelihood and enterprising can provide reasonable solutions to the distress. Mitigation aiming interventions during the normal or above normal rainfall years is entirely different than the calamity relief. A multi-disciplinary inter- ministerial team was constituted to recommend medium and long term measures for mitigating droughts in the Bundelkhand region. Crop production, livestock rearing and seasonal out- migration provide more than 90% of rural income in the Bundelkhand region. Agriculture production consists of more than 7 56% of cereals, 32% of pulses, 8% of oil seeds and 4% other crops. About 50% of the indigenous cattle population is unproductive with hardly 0.5% of cross-bred as compared to 15% of the national average. There are some land races of indigenous and drought tolerant fruit trees with the possibility of enhancing their productivity and value addition by top working. Regeneration of the degraded forest (50-64%) and restoring carrying capacity of the grazing land has tremendous possibility to support better livestock production and supply of the minor products. Analysis of the various data sets revealed occurrence of severe meteorological, hydrological and agricultural droughts which built up cumulatively over the past four years. Participatory integrated watershed management for in-situ conservation of the rainwater, recharging of about 2.8 lakh dug wells, renovation and repairs of Bundela, Chandela and Peshwa tanks, digging of farm ponds and open wells has been recommended as medium term measures. Development of unutilised water resources in MP, improving efficiency of the already developed canal irrigation system and Ken Betwa links are the long term investment portfolio for mitigating droughts. 8 Intensification of crop diversification, innovative cultivation practices, improving seed replacement rate with high yielding varieties, promoting more sown area in the Kharif season are important interventions. Creation of water, fodder, feed and seed banks for promoting alternative contingency plan will be an important tool of managing risks. Reducing population of the un- productive animals by castrating scrub bulls, improving breeds with Haryanvi, Tharparkar and Murrah bulls will be a long term strategy. Promoting horticulture consisting of Amla, Ber, Bael, Custard Apple, Lemon (Nimbu), Pomegranate, Tamarind and drought tolerant tomatoes will be able to add value and enhance income of the farmers. About 50-63% of the forest is degraded and should be rehabilitated by in-situ conservation of moisture, planting of the locally available land races of the fruit trees, fodder trees, shrubs, grasses and legume forages will be highly complementary to the production of livestock and minor forest products for the local communities. About 60% of the credit is still non-institutional which need to be institutionalised through enabling policies. Loan for consumption should be encouraged to prevent diversion of 9 agricultural credit to non-agricultural use. The credit system should be devised for the whole income portfolio rather than crop cultivation alone. Conversion of short-term loan into medium term under specific conditions should be made automatic so as to maintain eligibility for the fresh loans. Alternative weather based insurance derivatives like Barsha Bima will be able to resolve many limitations of the existing safety-net of crop insurance. Some innovative institutions and strengthening of R&D is also suggested. 15 th April, 2008 (J.S.Samra) 1. Summary of Comments and Recommendations The Bundelkhand region comprising of seven districts of Uttar Pradesh State and six districts of Madhya Pradesh State is complex, diverse, rainfed, risky, under invested, vulnerable, socio-economically heterogeneous, ethnically unique, agrarian and backward relative to other regions. It is a hard rock area with limited or inadequate ground water resources, lacks infrastructure, access to improved technologies, markets and inputs with low productivity. Farming system of crops and livestock is the main occupation whereas out sourcing livelihood by seasonal migration minimizes risks and vulnerability. Rainfall in the range of 768 to 1087 mm, black, red, mixed and alluvial soils, sufficient surface run 10 off, net work of rivers, streams, forests, animals and social capital are the opportunities for a sustained development process. Increased frequency of drought occurrences due to climatic changes, degradation of forest, ground water etc.