Inventory of Lifelines in Th,E C,Ajo,N. Pass, Califo,Rni,A
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY F.EMA 2251 February 1992 Inventory of Lifelines in th,e C,ajo,n. Pass, Califo,rni,a Issued in Furtherance of the Decade for Natural Disaster Beductlon Earthquake Hazard Reduction Series 60 Inventory ,of Lifelines in the CaJon P'ass, Califo'rnia SubmItted to the Federal Emergency Management Agency Washington, D.C. Submitted by: INTECH Inc. 11316 Rauen Dr. Potomac, MD 20854-3126 Submitted August 1991 Co-Principal Investigators: Dr. Phillip A. Lowe, INTEC, Inc. Dr. Charles F. Scheffey, INTEC, Inc. Mr. Po Lam, Earth Mechanics, Inc. INVENTORY OF LIFELINES IN THE CAJON PASS, CALIFORNIA TABLE OF CONTENTS ITEM PAGE Lis,t of Figures ••••..' .•.' .•.' ' '. '. .. ii Li,s.t of Tab·les ' II< ' ' II· .' .' .' ' ' .' .' ~ '. '. .. .. .. .. iii 1.0 INTRODUCTION AND, BACK'GROUNl) •••' ••' •••••••••••••' •••' ••••• '. '••••••••• 1 1.1 BACKGROUN:D, ..............................'.........".' II· .. .. .. III· .. ... •• ... ... ... • ... '. .• .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1.2 PURPOSE t GOALS 1 AND STUDY APPROACH •••••••••••' ••••••••••••••••. 2 1.3 BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR SECTION 1.a ••••••.•.••••••...• '. ' . 4 2.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .' .. .. .' .. .. .. .. 4 2.1 S~y _. '. '. .. '. .. '. -. -. .• '. '. .. '. _. '. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. '. .. .. ".. '. .. .. .. .. .. .. II,' .' II' .' • .' .. 4 2.1 BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR SECTION 2.0 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... ... ... ... 8 3.0 SITE CO'NDITIONS AND LIFELINES •• .. '. •• .. '. .. .. '. .. .. ~ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .' II .. II .. ... ... ... ... .. .. ... 8 3.1 SITE CONDITI'ON,S '' '.'.'.'._ '.. -' .. 8 3.1.1 Fault Information and Ground Rupture (Displacement) Potential 9 3.1.2 Soi,l and, Bedrc,ek Conditions '.'.'.'.' '''.. 'I' ••••• '. 14 3.1. 3 Seismic 'Ev,ents .' '.'.'.' ..'' '.'.' '.. 'I' '.. ' .. 16 3.J..4 Ground Sh,aking Hazards ' '.- '.'.' '.' '.' '.. '. 'I' 'I' .. :L7 3.1. 5 Topographic and Ground Relief Features and Landslide Hazards . J.8 3.1. 6 Hydraulic, Groundwater Conditio-ns, and Liquefaction Potential . 21 3.1.7 Bibliogr'aphy For g,ection 3 1 '. '. ' II II II .. 27 3.2 CO~ICATION LIFELINES • '••• '••••••••••• '•••••• '•••••••••.•.••••••• 30 3.2.1 Fiber :optic Cable:s •• -I'. '•• '. '•• '. ' 'I' ' ' ' II' .' .' • 32 3.2.2 Mic,rowave and Radi,o T'Qwer's 'I' -•• 'I' 'I' 'I' 'I' 'I' 'I' .. 'I' 'I' 'I'. 'I' 'I' ' .' .' ' II' .' .' .. 37 3.2.3 Bibliography For section 3. 2 '...............•..... ' . 39 3.3 ELECTRICAL POWER LIFELINES •••••••••••• '••••••••••••••••••••• '. '. '•• 39 3.3.1 Los Angel-es Department of Water & Power Facilities . 39 3.3.2 Southern California Edison Company Facilities . 43 3.3.3 Bibliography For Section 3. 3 ' •.•...... 46 3.4 FUEL TRANSPORTATION LIFELINES 46 3.4.J. Natural G-as P'ip,elines ' '.'.' '.'.'.'.' 'I' 'I' 'I' - . 48 3.4.2 Liqu,id Fuel P'ipelines ' '.'.'.' ..' '.'.' ..'.'. ' ' . 53 3.4.3 Bib,liograp,hy For section 3 4, •....'' ' •.'.' '' ' . 56 3.5 TRANSPORTATION LIFELINES ••• '••••••••••' .' ••' .' .' .' •••' •••• '••••••••••••• 56 3.5.1 Highways, '. '•• '. '•• '. ' 'I' 'I' II< ,., II< .. II' .' '.. 'I' 'I' 'I' . 56 3.5.2 Railways, 'I' .. '•.• ' '•• '. '. '•.• 'I'. 'I' ' II< ' II< ..' ' ' .. 64 3 .S. 3 Bibliography For section 3. '. 5 .• '.• '...•••••••••• '.. ' . 69 4.0 CONTACTS MADE DURING THE STUDY • 'I'. 'I' 'I' .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. 'I' 'I' •• .. .. ~ .. • .. • .. II .. II II 69 Appendix A Details for Figure 3.1-7 1 Earthquake Faults 71 i LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE PAGE 1-1 Map of the Cajon Pass Area ...................................... 3 2-1 composite Map of Lifelines in the cajon Pass Study Area 6 3.1-1 Regional Fault Map 10 3.1-2 Active Fault Locations in the Study Area .••.••................ 11 3.1-3 Cajon Pass Region Geologic Units with High Water Table Identified 15 3.1-4 Observed Landslides Within the Study Area ••••..•....•........ 19 3.1-5 Rebuilt Power Transmission Towers on a Landslide Scar 20 3.1-6 Landslide Scar in Lone Pine Canyon Along the San Andreas Fault Zone ......................................•............. 20 3.1-7 Location of Shallow Water Table Conditions ••••...•............ 23 3.2-1 Map of the Communication Lifelines •••••••.••••..••••••........ 31 3.2-2 Looking North on Old Highway 66 (Cajon Canyon Road) 32 3.2-3 Fiber Optic Conduits Crossing a Cajon Canyon Road Bridge 34 3.2-4 Details of the Fiber Optic Conduits and Hangers on a Cajon Canyon Road Bridge 34 3.2-5 Crib Wall Retaining the Southbound Lanes of I-15 with Fiber Optic Conduits Buried at the Wall Toe .....••.•.•...•.•........ 35 3.2-6 Details of Fiber Optic Conduit Supports on the Concrete Culvert Wall ' 35 3.2-7 Fiber Optic Conduits Heading Under I-15 Attached to a Concrete Culvert Wall '..-................................. 36 3.2-8 A Fiber Optic Conduit Hung From A Bridge With A Water Distribution Pipe Directly Above It ................•.......... 38 3.3-1 Map of the Electric Power Lifelines •.........•................ 40 3.3-2 A View of Power Lines & Buried Fuel Pipelines Crossing the San Andreas Fault Zone 41 3.3-3 Power Towers at the Edge of a Steep Ravine Near the San Andreas Fault Zone 42 3.3-4 Lugo Substation Control Facilities & Equipment 44 3.3-5 Lugo Substation Circuit Breakers •..•••••..•....•.............. 44 3.3-6 Typical Electric Transmission Tower Footings 45 3.4-1 Map of the Fuel Pipeline Lifelines ...••.••••.................. 47 3.4-2 Natural Gas Pipeline Crossing Under Two Railroads 49 3.4-3 An Exposed section of The Natural Gas Pipeline •••............. 50 3.4-4 Details of the Ground Support For Exposed sections of Natural Gas Pipelines 51 3.4-5 Natural Gas Pipeline Valve Station on Baldy Mesa Rd 52 3.4-6 The Natural Gas Pipeline Crossing the California Aqueduct 52 3.4-7 The Petroleum Products Pipeline Valve station on the Shoulder of Baldy Mesa Rd. .•.....•........•••••••••••.•................ 54 i,i LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) FIGURE PAGE 3.4-8 Petroleum Products Pipelines Hung Under the Baldy Mesa Rd. Br1.dge Over the California Aqueduct •••• '. • •. .....•.... .. •.. .. 55 3.5-1 Map of the Transportation Lifelines ••••....•....•............. 57 3.5-2 1-15 Bridge Over Lytle Creek Wash ••••••.•.•..........•........ 59 3.5-3 1-15 Bridge Over Cajon Creek Wash ••••••............. '... ..... .. 59 3.5-4 1-15 Bridge Over Kenwood Avenue •••••••••...................... 60 3.5-5 1-15 Arch Bridge Over Matthews Ro,ad ••• •.. •. ......... •.. ..... .. 61 3.5-6 1-15 Box Bridge Over the Railroad •••••........•.•.•••......... 62 3.5-7 1-15 & Access Road Bridges Over the Railroad •.•...•'........... 62 3.5-8 Highway 138 Cut & Fill at cajon Junction ......•.....•......... 63 3.5-9 Railroad Bridges in cajon Wash, 1-15 Bridg,e in Background ..... 65 3.5-10 Concrete Beam Railroad Bridge in cajon Creek Near cajlon Jun,cti,on •••••••••.11 'II '. '. 'Il Il 'Il •' '. _. _. '. '. ' ' '. .. .. .. .. .. .. 66 3.5-11 Rubble Pier Railroad Bridge in cajon Creek Near Cajlon Junction. 67 3.5-12 Ballasted Deck Railroad Bridge Over Highway 138 ..••........... 67 3.5-13 Highway 138 Bridge Over Railroad at Cajon Junction .•..•....... 67 3.5-14 Railroad Tunnel North of Cajon Junction 68 3.5-15 Typical Sho,rt Span Railroad Bridges North ,of Cajon Junction 68 LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE 3.1-1 Depth to Ground Water Measured From Wells 24 iii iNVENTORY O'F LIFELINES IN THE CAJON PASS, CAL,IFORNIA 1.0 IN~ODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 1.1 BACKGROUND Lifelines (e.9'., co-mmunication, electric power, liquid fuels, natural gas, transportation, water and sewer systems, etc.) are pres,ently being sited in nutilityor transportation corridorsn to reduce their right-of-way environmental, aesthetic, and cost impacts on the community and on land use. The indivi'dual lifelines are usually construct-edor modified at different time p,eriods, resulting in their being built to different standards and indifferent siting criteria being applied to different segments of an individual lif,eline or to different lifelines that provid-e similar functions. PresentlyI thesiting revi,ew usually do-es not ,consider the impact of the proximity or collocation of one lifeline upon the risk to or vulnerability of -oth,er lifelines fr·om natural or manmade hazards or disasters, either because the other lifelin,es have not yet been installed o-r because such a consideration has not been identified as a f,actor in the siting evaluation. In August 1988 I ,a train derailment in northern Califo-rnia also damaged a petroleum pipeline which was buried along the railroad right-of-way. The r,esult was a spill of the pipeline fluids in addition to the derailment {but no significant 10-ss of property and no injuries to or casualties) ( 0 1)". The state of California Office of the Fire Marshall became involved as it is the California agent responsible for the inspe-ction and enforcement of safety criteria for pipelines that transport liquids. When another derailment in San Bernardino occurred in May 1989(1 2), which resulted in sever,e property da.mage and the loss of life, th,e Office of the Fire Marshall also r-esponded to see if the derailment had impacted a petroleum products pipeline that was buried alo-ng the railroad right-of-way. It was decided that the pipeline was noi! damaged I and the fire and safety personnel turned over the site to the railroad to allow them to- clean up the site. About a w,eek later the pipeline ruptured and the reSUlting fire caused considerable property damage and loss of