Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011

Full report

Full report

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

Foreword

Background This publication is the main results report from the 2011 Welsh Outdoor Recreation Survey commissioned jointly by the Countryside Council for Wales and Forestry Commission Wales. A Technical Report accompanies this document and is available separately. Contact details For more information on the survey, contact:

Sue Williams Senior Social Research Officer Uwch Swyddog Ymchwil Cymdeithasol Cyngor Cefn Gwlad Cymru: Countryside Council for Wales Maes Y Ffynnon Ffordd Penrhos Bangor LL57 2DN Ffon/Tel: 01248 387386 E-bost/E-mail: [email protected] Ar y We/ Website: www.ccw.gov.uk/enjoying-the-country/welsh-outdoor-recreation- surve.aspx

Official Statistics This is an Official Statistics publication. For more information about Official Statistics and the UK Statistics Authority visit www.statisticsauthority.gov.uk.

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

Contents

Foreward 03

Executive Summary 05

Crynodeb Gweithredol 08

Section 1: Survey Details 11

Section 2: Overall Participation 16

- amount and frequency of participation 17

- types of activities 24

- types of places 29

- barriers to participation 31

Section 3: Visits to the Outdoors 34

- what do people do? 35

- where do people go? 42

- who do people go with? 51

- why do they go? 54

Section 4: Future Participation 57

- latent demand 58

- barriers to increasing participation 62

Section 5: Conclusions 64

Appendix 1 – Questionnaire 66

Publishing Information Countryside Council For Wales Forestry Commission Wales © CCW / FCW August 2012 Maes y Ffynnon Welsh Government Penrhosgarnedd Rhodfa Padarn Bangor Llanbadarn Fawr Gwynedd Aberystwyth This is a report of research LL57 2DW Ceredigion commissioned by the Countryside T: 0845 1306 229 SY23 3UR Council for Wales and the Forestry F: 01248 385505 T: 0300 068 0300 Commission Wales. However, the views E: [email protected] F: 0300 068 0301 and recommendations presented in this W: ccw.gov.uk report are not necessarily those of CCW E: [email protected] / FCW and should, therefore, not be attributed to CCW / FCW. W: forestry.gov.uk

You may reproduce this document free of charge for non-commercial purposes in any format or medium, provided that you do so accurately, acknowledging Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

Executive Summary

Background This publication is the main report from the 2011 Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey (WORS) commissioned jointly by the Countryside Council for Wales and Forestry Commission Wales. A total of 6,393 telephone interviews were conducted between January 2011 and January 2012 with adults aged 16+ living in Wales. The approach followed was comparable to that used in the previous WORS survey when 6,045 interviews were undertaken between January 2008 and January 2009.

Throughout this report, the focus is on statistically significant differences between sub- groups within the 2011 sample and statistically significant differences between the 2008 and 2011 results. Some figures may appear to represent a change between surveys or between the average across all respondents and a sub-group within the sample but due to sample sizes, cannot be said to be a statistically significant variation and might not be real. Key findings: Overall participation High proportions of the Welsh adult population visited the outdoors in 2011 with an average of 95% taking any visits in the last 12 months and 88% taking any visits in the 4 weeks prior to interview. This is based on recording participation in a very broad range of outdoor activities. These results are similar to the proportion of visits recorded in the 2008 survey. During 2011, variations were recorded in levels of visit taking (in either the last 4 weeks or last 12 months) amongst different age groups. In the last 12 months, 76% of those aged 75 and over had taken an outdoor visit compared to 98% of those aged 74 and under. Variations were also recorded on the basis of whether respondents had a long-term illness/disability or not (87% with, 97% without), academic qualifications (97% with, 82% without) and car access (96% with, 83% without). Similar variations were recorded in the 2008 survey. Walking was the most frequently undertaken activity in 2011, particularly in terms of visits taken in the last 4 weeks (undertaken on 84% of visits). In 2011 walking was the single main activity undertaken in 62% of visits, a lower proportion than in 2008 (66%). Around a quarter of adults (27%) visited the outdoors 'frequently' based on an average of 21 visits or more in the last 4 weeks. The frequency of participation recorded was at a similar level in both 2008 and 2011.

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

Those who had not taken visits in the last 12 months in 2011 were likely to mention physical health barriers including disabilities (29%), other health issues (27%) and old age (14%) as reasons for non-participation. However, these factors were mentioned less often in relation to reasons for not taking visits during the last 4 weeks, with a lack of time (31%) more likely to restrict visit taking in this shorter time period. Visits to the outdoors In terms of the potential health benefits of outdoor recreation, in just over two-thirds of outdoor visits taken in 2011, participants reported that the main activity was enough to raise their breathing rate (68%) and in over half of these cases (58%) the activity was intense enough to make the participant out of breath or to cause them to sweat. In terms of the main destinations of visits, the most visited types of place were woodland/ forests (18%), local parks (12%), hills, mountains and moorland (11%) and beaches (11%). The proportions of visits where woodland/ forests or beaches were the main destination type were higher in 2011 than in the previous survey (increasing from 14% to 18% and 7% to 11% respectively), while local parks and roadside pavements or tracks were less likely to be the main destinations visited (decreasing from 15% to 12% and 12% to 9% respectively). The majority of the visits recorded in both surveys were taken within 5 miles of their starting point, with an increase in the proportion of such visits during 2011 (73% in 2008 to 78% in 2011). A car was the main form of transport used in just over half of visits (55%), an increase from 44% in 2008 despite the higher proportion of ‘close to home’ visits. In 2011, the most frequently provided reasons for taking visits to the outdoors were health and exercise (26%), exercising a dog (25%), fresh air or to enjoy pleasant weather (16%) and pleasure or enjoyment (16%). While a similar range of responses were provided in 2008, the results are not directly comparable due to the addition of new answer options in the 2011 survey.

Future participation During 2011, six in ten members of the adult population in Wales stated that they would like to visit the outdoors more often (60%), the same proportion as recorded in 2008. Around a quarter of Welsh adults (26%) would like to visit beaches more often, 17% would like to visit hills, mountains or moorland and 13% would like to visit other coastal areas or a woodland/ forest. In terms of activities, 30% of Welsh adults would like to take part in walking more often, 8% would like to take part in off-road cycling and 6% would like to do more road cycling or sightseeing.

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

A lack of time was the most frequently mentioned barrier to participating more often in 2011, mentioned by around a third of respondents (32%). Notably this reason was less likely to be provided as a barrier than was the case in 2008 (39%). Poor weather was also given as a reason for not participating - mentioned by 11% of adults in 2011, a lower proportion than in 2008 (20%). The higher proportion of respondents providing this as a reason in 2008 may have been influenced by the heavy flooding experienced by parts of Wales that year.

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

Crynodeb Gweithredol

Cefndir Y cyhoeddiad hwn yw'r prif adroddiad o Arolwg 2011 o Hamdden Awyr Agored yng Nghymru a gomisiynwyd ar y cyd gan Gyngor Cefn Gwlad Cymru a Chomisiwn Coedwigaeth Cymru. Cynhaliwyd cyfanswm o 6,393 o gyfweliadau dros y ffôn rhwng mis Ionawr 2011 a mis Ionawr 2012 gydag oedolion 16+ oed sy'n byw yng Nghymru. Roedd y dull a ddefnyddiwyd yn debyg i'r un a ddefnyddiwyd yn yr Arolwg blaenorol o Hamdden Awyr Agored yng Nghymru pan gynhaliwyd 6,045 o gyfweliadau rhwng mis Ionawr 2008 a mis Ionawr 2009.

Mae'r ffocws ym mhob rhan o'r adroddiad ar y gwahaniaethau sy'n arwyddocaol yn ystadegol rhwng is-grwpiau o fewn sampl 2011 a gwahaniaethau sy'n arwyddocaol yn ystadegol rhwng canlyniadau 2008 a 2011. Gall rhai ffigurau ymddangos i fod yn newid rhwng arolygon neu rhwng y cyfartaledd ar draws pob ymatebydd ac is-grŵp o fewn y sampl hwnnw ond oherwydd maint y samplau, ni ellir dweud eu bod yn wahaniaethau sy'n arwyddocaol yn ystadegol a dylid eu hystyried fel dangosol yn unig.

Darganfyddiadau allweddol: Cymryd rhan yn gyffredinol Roedd cyfrannau uchel o boblogaeth oedolion Cymru yn mynd allan i'r awyr agored yn 2011 gyda chyfartaledd o 95% wedi mynd allan i'r awyr agored yn y 12 mis diwethaf a 88% wedi mynd allan i'r awyr agored yn y 4 wythnos cyn y cyfweliad. Mae hyn yn seiliedig ar gofnodi cymryd rhan mewn ystod eang iawn o weithgareddau awyr agored. Mae'r canlyniadau hyn yn debyg i'r gyfran o ymweliadau a gofnodwyd yn arolwg 2008. Yn ystod 2011, cofnodwyd gwahaniaethau mewn lefelau mynd allan i'r awyr agored (yn un ai'r 4 wythnos ddiwethaf neu'r 12 mis diwethaf) ymysg gwahanol grwpiau oedran. Yn y 12 mis diwethaf, roedd 76% o'r rhai 75 oed a throsodd wedi mynd allan i'r awyr agored o gymharu â 98% o'r rhai 74 oed ac iau. Cofnodwyd gwahaniaethau hefyd ar sail p'un ai oedd gan ymatebwyr salwch hirdymor/anabledd (87% gyda, 97% heb), cymwysterau academaidd (97% gyda, 82% heb) a mynediad i gar (96% gyda a 83% heb). Cofnodwyd gwahaniaethau tebyg yn arolwg 2008. Cerdded oedd y gweithgaredd a wnaed amlaf yn 2011, yn arbennig yn nhermau ymweliadau yn y 4 wythnos ddiwethaf (a gynhaliwyd ar 84% o ymweliadau). Yn 2011 cerdded oedd yr un prif weithgaredd a wnaethpwyd mewn 62% o ymweliadau, cyfran is nag yn 2008 (66%).

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

Roedd tua chwarter oedolion (27%) yn mynd allan i'r awyr agored 'yn aml' yn seiliedig ar gyfartaledd o 21 neu fwy o ymweliadau yn y 4 wythnos ddiwethaf. Roedd amlder y cyfranogiad a gofnodwyd ar lefel debyg yn 2008 a 2011. Roedd y rhai nad oeddent wedi mynd allan i'r awyr agored yn y 12 mis diwethaf yn 2011 yn debygol o sôn am rwystrau iechyd corfforol yn cynnwys anableddau (29%) a henaint (14%) fel rhesymau dros beidio cymryd rhan. Fodd bynnag, soniwyd am y ffactorau hyn yn llai aml yng nghyswllt rhesymau am beidio ymweld â'r awyr agored yn ystod y 4 wythnos ddiwethaf, gyda diffyg amser (31%) yn fwy tebygol o gyfyngu ymweliadau yn y cyfnod byrrach hwn. Mynd allan i'r awyr agored Yn nhermau manteision iechyd posibl mynd allan i'r awyr agored, mewn ychydig dros ddau-draean yr ymweliadau i'r awyr agored yn 2011, dywedodd cyfranogwyr fod eu prif weithgaredd yn ddigon i gynyddu eu cyfradd anadlu (68%) ac yn dros hanner yr achosion hyn (58%) roedd y gweithgaredd yn ddigon caled i wneud i'r cyfranogwyr golli eu gwynt neu chwysu. Yn nhermau prif gyrchfannau, y mathau o lefydd yr ymwelwyd mwyaf â hwy oedd coetiroedd/coedwigoedd (18%), parciau lleol (12%), bryniau, mynyddoedd a gweundir (11%) a thraethau (11%). Roedd y cyfrannau o ymweliadau lle mai coetiroedd/coedwigoedd neu draethau oedd y prif fath o gyrchfan yn uwch yn 2011 nag yn yr arolwg blaenorol (cynyddu o 14% i 18% a 7% i 11% yn yr un drefn), tra bod parciau lleol a phalmentydd neu draciau wrth ymyl y ffordd yn llai tebygol o fod y prif gyrchfannau yr ymwelwyd â hwy (yn gostwng i 15% i 12% a 12% i 9% yn yr un drefn). Gwnaed y mwyafrif o'r ymweliadau a gofnodwyd yn y ddau arolwg o fewn 5 milltir o'u man cychwyn, gyda chynnydd sylweddol yn y gyfran o ymweliadau o'r fath yn ystod 2011 (73% yn 2008 i 78% yn 2011). Car oedd y prif ddull o gludiant a ddefnyddiwyd mewn ychydig dros hanner yr ymweliadau (55%), cynnydd o 44% yn 2008 er y gyfran uwch o ymweliadau 'agos at adref'). Yn 2011 y rhesymau a roddwyd amlaf am ymweld â'r awyr agored oedd iechyd ac ymarfer (26%), mynd â'r ci am dro (25%), awyr iach neu fwynhau tywydd dymunol (16%) a phleser neu fwynhad (16%). Er y rhoddwyd ystod tebyg o ymatebion yn 2008, ni fedrir cymharu'r canlyniadau yn uniongyrchol oherwydd yr ychwanegwyd opsiynau ateb newydd yn arolwg 2011.

Cymryd rhan yn y dyfodol Yn ystod 2011, dywedodd chwech ym mhob deg o'r oedolion yn y boblogaeth yng Nghymru yr hoffent ymweld yn amlach â'r awyr agored (60%), yr un gyfran ag a gofnodwyd yn 2008. Hoffai tua chwarter oedolion Cymru (26%) ymweld yn fwy aml â thraethau, hoffai 17% ymweld â bryniau, mynyddoedd neu weundir a hoffai 13% ymweld ag ardaloedd

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

arfordirol eraill neu goetir/coedwig. O ran gweithgareddau, hoffai 30% o oedolion Cymru gerdded yn amlach, hoffai 8% gymryd rhan mewn seiclo oddi ar y ffordd a hoffai 6% wneud mwy o feicio ffordd neu weld golygfeydd. Diffyg amser oedd y rheswm a nodwyd amlaf fel rheswm dros beidio cymryd rhan yn fwy aml yn 2011, a nodwyd gan tua thraean yr ymatebwyr (32%). Mae'n amlwg fod y rheswm yma'n llai tebygol o gael ei roi fel rhwystr nag yn 2009 (39%). Rhoddwyd tywydd gwael hefyd fel rheswm dros beidio cymryd rhan - nodwyd gan 11% o oedolion yn 2011, cyfran is nag yn 2008 (20%). Gall y llifogydd trwm a gafodd rhannau o Gymru yn 2008 fod yn rheswm am y gyfran uwch o ymatebwyr a roddodd hyn fel rheswm y flwyddyn honno.

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

Section 1: Survey Details

Background The Countryside Council for Wales (CCW) promote the outdoor environment of Wales as a rich and valued resource for leisure and recreation, as well as being a source of economic and social benefits. Their aim is to ‘make the environment a valued part of everyone’s life in Wales’ and to connect people with the beauty that the Welsh countryside has to offer. Forestry Commission Wales (FCW) works in conjunction with CCW in a number of ways in the promotion of the country’s natural resources for outdoor recreation.

As the Welsh Government’s statutory advisor on sustaining the natural environment and wildlife in Wales for the enjoyment of all, CCW is responsible for establishing and monitoring data relating to participation in outdoor recreation in Wales. This enables CCW to provide the Government with the necessary advice and information for policy formation and implementation.

Following a pilot in 2007, the 2008 Welsh Outdoor Recreation Survey (WORS) was commissioned. The survey involved just over 6,000 interviews with adult residents of Wales (undertaken between 21st January 2008 and 21st January 2009) providing measurement of the following key areas:

Frequency of participation in outdoor recreation;

Activities undertaken;

Places visited;

Motivations for visiting the outdoors;

Barriers to visiting the outdoors;

Levels of ‘latent demand’ to participate in more outdoor recreation.

As part of their continued commitment to monitoring levels of engagement with the natural environment in Wales, CCW and FCW commissioned TNS to undertake a repeat of the 2008 survey during 2011.

The objectives of the survey were to provide:

A robust quantitative evidence base on participation in outdoor recreation by adults living in Wales in 2011.

A statistically valid comparison of data between 2008 and 2011, including the

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

identification of significant changes in all aspects of participation.

In-depth multivariate analysis and briefings on specified subjects. Methodology Data Collection

th th Fieldwork for the survey was undertaken between 17 January 2011 and 16 January 2012.

A total of 6,393 telephone interviews were carried out between January 2011 and January 2012 with adults aged 16+ living in Wales. The approach followed was comparable to that used in the previous survey when 6,045 interviews were conducted.

Interviews lasted an average of 15 minutes and were conducted on all days of the week (including weekends) and at different times of the day and month. The sample was stratified by Spatial Plan Area with at least 1,000 interviews in each of Wales’ six Spatial Planning Areas (SPAs).

Data weighting To achieve a random sample in each SPA area, households were selected by Random Digital Dialling (RDD) and a Computer Assisted Telephoning Interviewing (CATI) system was used to randomly select individual respondents if more than one adult lived in the household.

Results from questions 1 to 3 and questions 16 to 21 have been weighted using demographic and geographic variables to provide results representative of the Welsh population.

Results from questions 4 to 15 relate to the respondents’ most recent trip to the outdoors. Information from these questions has been weighted so that the results are representative of all visits taken to the outdoors by the Welsh population during the survey period.

Questionnaire

The 2011 questionnaire was designed to largely replicate that used in the 2008 survey to facilitate comparison between the results from the two surveys. Some minor amendments were made including the addition of two new questions at the end of the survey, regarding places visited for outdoor recreation in the last 12 months and places respondents would like to visit more often. Also, an additional two motivation answer options were added to the reasons for taking visits question (please note that respondents were not shown a list of responses for this question in either survey but the additional categories available for use by interviewers may have affected how responses were recorded).

A copy of the 2011 questionnaire can be found in Appendix 1.

A full Technical Report outlining the survey methods is available separately.

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

Statistical significance Throughout this report only statistically significant differences between sub-groups within the 2011 sample and statistically significant differences between the 2008 and 2011 results are mentioned in the commentary.

While some other figures may appear to represent a change between survey years or a difference between groups within the population, due to sample sizes, these differences cannot be said to be a statistically significant variation and might not be real. Definitions Detailed below are definitions for some of the analysis categories used in this report. Outdoor visits

Respondents were presented with the following list of activities and asked if they had done any of them in the outdoors in the last 12 months and those who had were asked if they had done any in the last 4 weeks. Those who had taken part in one or more of list of activities below in the last 4 weeks were defined as having taken an outdoor visit. A detailed series of questions was then asked of these respondents regarding their most recent visit to the outdoors involving one or more of these activities and the results of these questions were weighted to produce data representative of visits taken by the Welsh adult population across the survey period. Walking Wildlife watching Road cycling Running Off-road cycling or mountain biking Sightseeing or visiting an attraction Horse riding Off-road driving or motorcycling Fishing Picnicking (as a significant part of Rock climbing or caving the activity) Motorised watersports Visiting children’s Other watersports playgrounds/taking children to play Swimming outdoors areas outdoors Snowsports Informal games (e.g.Frisbee or golf) Field sports (shooting/hunting) Other outdoor activities Air sports (hang gliding/ballooning)

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

Frequency

This refers to the number of visits taken by all respondents during the 4 weeks prior to interview. Respondents have been classified into the following three groups:

Frequent – have taken 21 or more visits to the outdoors in the last 4 weeks. Infrequent – have taken between 1 and 20 visits to the outdoors in the last 4 weeks. Rare – have taken no outdoor visits within the last 4 weeks (including those who have taken no visits for at least 12 months).

Quarter

This refers to the time period in which respondents were interviewed in and may not correlate exactly with when the visits were taken e.g. a visit reported on 16th January 2011 could have been taken that day or any time within the four weeks prior to the interview (i.e. 16th December 2010 to 15th January 2011). The dates for each survey quarter are as follows:

Quarter one – 16th January to 15th April 2011 Quarter two – 16th April to 15th July 2011 Quarter three – 16th July to 15th October 2011 Quarter four – 16th October 2011 to 15th January 2012

Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation (WIMD)

The Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation is the official measure of deprivation in Wales. The categories that featured in the analysis of the 2011 Welsh Outdoor Recreation Survey were the bottom 10%, 20% and 30% WIMD areas (most deprived areas) and the top 10% (least deprived areas. For more information, see the Welsh Government website: www.wales.gov.uk/topics/statistics/theme/wimd/?lang=en

Communities First

Communities First is a Welsh Government programme aimed at improving living conditions for those living in the most deprived communities in Wales. For more information see the Welsh Government website: www.wales.gov.uk/topics/housingandcommunity/regeneration/communitiesfirst/?lang=en.

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

Spatial Planning Areas (SPAs)

The Wales Spatial Plan aims to deliver sustainable development through individual area plans as part of the Welsh Assembly Government’s statutory Sustainable Development Scheme. There are six Spatial Planning Areas in Wales, some of which have overlapping areas. These are:

North West Wales. North East Wales. Central Wales. Pembrokeshire. Swansea Bay. South East Wales.

The survey sample has been designed to ensure a minimum of 1,000 interviews with residents of each SPA area. For more information on the SPA areas, see: www.wales.gov.uk/location/strategy/spatial/?lang=en

Urban/ rural

The urban/ rural classifications are based on data from the National Statistics website (see www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/geography/products/area-classifications/rural-urban- definition-and-la/index.html). For the purposes of this survey and to match those used in 2008, these areas were grouped into the following analysis categories:

Urban. Town and Fringe. Village, Hamlet & Isolated Dwellings. Survey Outputs Tables presenting the full findings from the survey, a Technical Report and a Summary Report are also available and can be obtained on the Countryside Council for Wales and Forestry Commission websites. www.ccw.gov.uk/enjoying-the-country/welsh-outdoor-recreation-surve.aspx www.forestry.gov.uk/forestry/INFD-7VQEPA

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

Section 2: Overall Participation

The results in this section relate to the overall frequencies of visits taken to the outdoors by the Welsh adult population within the last 12 months, last 4 weeks, seasonal variations in levels of visit taking, activities undertaken and places visited.

Key findings: High proportions of the Welsh adult population visited the outdoors in 2011 with an average of 95% taking any visits in the last 12 months and 88% taking any visits in the 4 weeks prior to interview. This is based on recording participation in a very broad range of outdoor activities. These results are similar to the proportion of visits recorded in the 2008 survey. During 2011, variations were recorded in levels of visit taking (in either the last 4 weeks or last 12 months) amongst different age groups. In the last 12 months, 76% of those aged 75 and over had taken an outdoor visit compared to 98% of those aged 74 and under. Variations were also recorded on the basis of whether respondents had a long-term illness/disability or not (87% with, 97% without), academic qualifications (97% with, 82% without) and car access (96% with, 83% without). Similar variations were recorded in the 2008 survey. Walking was the most frequently undertaken activity in 2011, particularly in terms of visits taken in the last 4 weeks (undertaken on 84% of visits). In 2011 walking was the single main activity undertaken in 62% of visits, a lower proportion than in 2008 (66%). Around a quarter of adults (27%) visited the outdoors 'frequently' based on an average of 21 visits or more in the last 4 weeks. The frequency of participation recorded was at a similar level in both 2008 and 2011. Those who had not taken visits in the last 12 months in 2011 were likely to mention physical health barriers including disabilities (29%), other health issues (27%) and old age (14%) as reasons for non-participation. However, these factors were mentioned less often in relation to reasons for not taking visits during the last 4 weeks, with a lack of time (31%) more likely to restrict visit taking in this shorter time period.

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

2.1 Amount and Frequency of Participation Visits in last 12 months Respondents were presented with a list of outdoor activities (see page 9) and asked which, if any, they had undertaken on visits to the outdoors in the last 12 months. This list of activities was deliberately very broad to ensure that all types of outdoor recreation, in all types of environment were recorded.

In both survey years, the vast majority of the adult population in Wales had undertaken one or more of these activities on an outdoor visit during the 12 months prior to being interviewed (94% in 2008, 95% in 2011 – not significantly different).

Table 2.1 (overleaf) compares levels of visit taking in the last 12 months by the various demographic groups. While there were no significant differences by gender, those aged 75 and over were notably less likely than those aged 74 and under to have taken visits during the last 12 months (76% and 98% respectively). Closely related to these variations by age, lower proportions of those with a long-term illness or disability (87%) had taken any visits during the previous 12 months (older people are more likely to have a long-term illness or disability).

In 2011, levels of participation in the last 12 months were also recorded by car access (96% of those with access taking visits compared to 83% without) and academic qualifications (97% with any academic qualifications taking visits compared to 83% of those with no qualifications).

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

Table 2.1 Visits taken in last 12 months by demographic group (2011, row %)

Base: All respondents (2011 – 6,393)

Any visits taken Any visits taken

in last 12 months in last 12 months

Total 95 Car access

Gender Yes 96

Male 96 No 83

Female 93 Deprivation

Age Bottom 20% (most deprived areas) 94

16-24 99 Top 10% (least deprived areas) 94

25-34 98 Communities First Areas

35-54 98 Yes 94

55-74 94 No 95

75+ 76 Household income

Long-term illness/ disability £15,599 or less 92

Yes 87 £15,600 or above 98

No 97

Academic qualifications

Any 97

None/ still in education 83

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

Visits in last 4 weeks In 2011 the majority of Welsh adults (88%) had taken visits to the outdoors in the 4 weeks prior to interview, similar to the proportion recorded in the 2008 survey. Table 2.2 overleaf shows the proportions who had taken visits in the last 4 weeks in 2011 by population group. As with the results relating to visits taken in the last 12 months, while there was no variation by gender, participation in the last 4 weeks did vary by age with those aged 75 or over less likely than younger people to have taken visits (81% and 92% respectively).

Related to this variation, those with a long-term illness or disability were less likely to have visited the outdoors in the last 4 weeks than those without such an impairment (86% and 95% respectively), as were those with no educational qualifications (85% taking visits compared to 94% amongst people with any qualifications). Variations were also recorded with regards to transport access with 93% of those with access to a car having made a visit in the last 4 weeks compared to 88% of those without access to a car.

In 2011, levels of visit taking in the last 4 weeks were also lower amongst those living in the bottom 20% most deprived areas (88% took visits), in Communities First areas (90% took visits) and amongst people with a household income of under £16,000 per year (90% took visits).

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

Table 2.2 Visits taken in last 4 weeks by demographic group (2011, %)

Base: All respondents taking visits in the last 12 months (2011 – 6,034)

Any visits taken Any visits taken

in last 4 weeks in last 4 weeks

Total 93 Car access

Gender Yes 93

Male 93 No 88

Female 92 Deprivation

Age Bottom 20% (most deprived areas) 88

16-24 97 Top 10% (least deprived areas) 93

25-34 96 Communities First Areas

35-54 94 Yes 90

55-74 92 No 94

75+ 81 Household income

Long-term illness/ disability £15,599 or less 90

Yes 86 £15,600 or above 96

No 95

Qualifications

Any 94

None/ still in education 85

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

Frequency of visits in last 4 weeks The chart below illustrates the frequency with which outdoor visits were taken amongst the adult population in Wales. In both surveys, around a quarter of the population took between 1 and 5 visits in the last 4 weeks (26% in 2008, 25% in 2011), while around a quarter of adults (27%) visited the outdoors 'frequently' based on an average of 21 visits or more within Wales in the last 4 weeks in 2011, a figure equal to that recorded in 2008. 12% had not taken any outdoor visits in the last 4 weeks in 2011, a smaller proportion than that recorded in 2008 (14%). Those most likely to have taken 21 or more visits within Wales in the last 4 weeks were dog owners (42%) and those living in a village, hamlet or isolated dwelling (38%).

Figure 2.1 Frequency of outdoor visits in last 4 weeks (2008 & 2011, %)

Base: All respondents (2008 – 6,045; 2011 = 6,393) 2008 2011 30 26 25 25 21 22 18 18 20 17 17 14 15 12

10 5 5 5 1 1 0 None 1-5 6-10 11-20 21-50 50-100 101+

Note: Percentages equal more than 100% due to rounding

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

Participation by season The figure below illustrates how frequently members of the adult population in Wales visited the outdoors during the spring and summer months from April to September. Results from both the 2008 and 2011 surveys are shown.

Figure 2.2 Outdoor visits, April to September (2008 & 2011, %)

Base: All respondents (2008 - 6,045; 2011 = 6,393) 2008 2011 40 37

35 33 30 25 21 18 20 15 15 14 15 15 10 11 10 4 4 5 3 2 0 More than Once a day Several times Once a week Once/ twice a Once/ twice Never/ don't once a day a week month know

In both 2008 and 2011, just over four-fifths of respondents typically visited the outdoors at least once a week during the April to September (83% in 2008, 84% in 2011). However, respondents in 2011 were more likely than those surveyed in 2008 to state that they normally visited several times a week (37% compared to 33% in 2008) but less likely to state that they visited once a day (18% compared to 21% in 2008).

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

The figure below illustrates the frequency of visits taking during the autumn and winter months from October to March.

Figure 2.3 Outdoor visits, October to March (2008 & 2011, %)

Base: All respondents (2008 - 6,045; 2011 = 6,393) 2008 2011 30 27 26 25 20 20 18 17 18 16 15 15 9 10 10 7 8 5 4 5 0

More than Once a day Several times Once a week Once/ twice a Once/ twice Never/ don't once a day a week month know

Between the 2008 and 2011 surveys, the proportion of the Welsh adult population visiting the outdoors at least once a week during this time of year remained at a similar level (71% in 2008, 70% in 2011). In both surveys, visits were taken at a lower frequency in the autumn and winter months than during the April to September period.

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2.2 Types of activities undertaken on visits Visits in last 12 months

As shown in Figure 2.4 (overleaf), in 2011, the most frequently undertaken activity on visits to the outdoors in the last 12 months was walking (87%). This activity was particularly likely to be undertaken by people who have children (93%), dog owners (90%) and residents of rural areas (89%).

Almost three-quarters of respondents had undertaken sightseeing or visiting an attraction on a visit to the outdoors in the last 12 months in 2011 (73%). Those more likely than the average to have undertaken this activity included those with a household income of £31,200 or more (88%), those with children (86%), those educated to degree level or above (86%) and those with access to a car (76%).

Just under half of respondents had visited a children’s playground or other outdoor play areas in 2011 (49%) with women (55%) more likely than men (43%) to have undertaken this activity.

Picnicking was also undertaken by around half of respondents in 2011 (49%). The groups more likely than the average to have undertaken this activity included those with children (74%), 25-34 year olds (65%), residents of the top 10% least deprived areas (55%) and women (54%).

In terms of the more active pursuits, the highest levels of participation were recorded for running (27%), road cycling (26%), outdoor swimming (25%) and off-road cycling (20%).

When analysed by SPA region, participation during 2011 was higher than the national average in Central Wales for fieldsports (14%), while Pembrokeshire residents were more likely than the residents of other SPAs to have undertaken any type of watersports (30%).

While overall participation was very high in both surveys, there were increases in participation for some specific activities. The largest increase was recorded for informal games such as frisbee or golf (39% in 2011 compared to 22% in 2008), while an increase from 31% to 38% was recorded for wildlife watching and the proportion visiting children’s playgrounds or other outdoor play areas increased from 43% to 49%. Other increases were recorded for road cycling, off-road cycling or mountain biking, rock climbing or caving, snowsports and airsports (e.g. hang gliding/ballooning).

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

Figure 2.4 Activities undertaken in outdoors in last 12 months (2008 & 2011, %)

Base: All respondents (2008 - 6,045; 2011 = 6,393) Note: multiple responses possible

2008 2011

87 Walking 86 Sightseeing/ visiting an attraction 73 71 49 Visiting children's playgrounds/ taking children outdoors 43 49 Picnicking 46 Informal games 39 22 38 Wildlife watching 31 27 Running 24 Road cycling 26 21 25 Swimming outdoors 27 20 Off-road cycling/ mountain biking 16 Off-road driving/ motorcycling 10 10 12 Fishing 10 12 Non-motorised watersports 10 Snowsports 9 5 8 Field sports 7 7 Rock climbing/ caving 5 Horse riding 7 6 5 Motorised watersports 5 1 Air sports 2 Other 1 5 5 None 6 0 20 40 60 80 100

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Visits in last 4 weeks

In 2011, those who had taken any visits in the last 12 months were asked to specify any activities undertaken during outdoor visit taken in 4 weeks prior to interview (as shown in Figure 2.5 overleaf). As in 2008, walking was the most frequently undertaken activity during this time period (84% in 2011). Those more likely to have undertaken this activity in the last 4 weeks included those qualified at degree level or above (90%), those with bicycle access (89%), those with children (88%), those living in the top 10% least deprived areas (88%), those with no illness or disability, those in paid employment (86%) and those living in rural areas (86%).

Just under half of those who had taken a visit to the outdoors in the last four weeks had taken part in sightseeing or visiting an attraction in 2011 (47%). This activity was more likely than average to have been undertaken by those with children (59%), those educated to degree level or above (58%), 25-54 year olds (54%), those interviewed in the spring and summer months (54%), those in paid employment (53%) and those with access to a bicycle (53%).

Just under two-fifths of those who had visited the outdoors in the last 4 weeks in 2011 had taken children to a playground or other outdoor play area (38%). This activity was more likely to have been undertaken by those with children in the household (72%), 25-34 year olds (56%), women (43%), those with bicycle access (43%), those in paid employment (42%) and those with no long-term illness or disability (40%).

Comparing the results of the 2008 and 2011 surveys, increases were recorded for sightseeing or visiting an attraction (from 40% in 2008 to 47% in 2011), visiting children’s playgrounds/ outdoor play areas (from 31% to 38%), wildlife watching (from 23% to 32%) and informal games such as frisbee or golf (from 13% to 24%). Smaller increases were also recorded for participation in road cycling, running, picnicking and fishing.

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

Figure 2.5 Activities undertaken in outdoors in last 4 weeks (2008 & 2011, %)

Base: All who undertook an activity on an outdoor visit in last 12 months (2008 - 5,732; 2011 = 6,034) Note: multiple responses possible

2008 2011

Walking 84 82 47 Sightseeing/ visiting an attraction 40 Visiting children's playgrounds/ taking children outdoors 38 31 Wildlife w atching 32 23 Informal games 24 13 Picnicking 22 17 Running 21 17 Road cycling 14 11 Off-road cycling/ mountain biking 10 8 7 Sw imming outdoors 7 Fishing 7 4 Non-motorised w atersports 4 3 Off-road driving/ motorcycling 4 4 Field sports 4 3 4 Horse riding 3 Rock climbing/ caving 2 2 Snow sports 1 1 1 Motorised w atersports 1 Air sports 1

Other 1 3 None 7 9 0 20 40 60 80 100

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The large sample size in each of the individual SPA areas allows for separate analysis of the 2011 results on this basis. Compared to the all Wales average, activities more likely to be undertaken in the last 4 weeks by residents of each of the areas were as follows: North West Wales – walking (88%), wildlife watching (42%), picnicking (27%), road cycling (20%), off-road cycling or mountain biking (14%), fishing (11%), non-motorised watersports (6%) and fieldsports such as shooting or hunting (6%). North East Wales – sightseeing or visiting attractions (53%), wildlife watching (38%), fieldsports such as shooting or hunting (6%) and rock climibing or caving (4%). Central Wales – wildlife watching (41%), fieldsports such as shooting or hunting (9%) and off-road driving (7%). Pembrokeshire – walking (88%), wildlife watching (40%), picnicking (26%), fishing (10%), watersports (10%), swimming outdoors (9%), horse riding (6%) and off-road driving or motorcycling (6%). Swansea Bay – running (25%) and swimming outdoors (10%). South East Wales – no activities more likely to be undertaken than national Welsh averages.

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2.3 Types of places visited Visits in last 12 months

In 2011, those who had taken a visit to the outdoors in the last 12 months were asked to provide details of all of the types of places they had visited, as shown in Figure 2.5 below. Respondents could select more than one type of place. This question was not asked in 2008, therefore, no comparative data is available.

Figure 2.6 Places visited in the last 12 months (2011, %)

Base: All who undertook an activity on an outdoor visit in last 12 months (2011 = 6,034) Note: multiple responses possible

Village 79 Local park 76 Beach 76 Other local open space 73 Roadside pavement/ track 73 Sea 73 Woodland/ forest 72 Hills/ mountains/ moorland 66 River/lake/canal 66 Farmland 57 Other coastline 55 0 20 40 60 80 100

As shown above, during 2011 almost four-fifths of Welsh adults had taken an outdoor visit to a village in the last 12 months. Residents of Central Wales (87%), those living in North West Wales (86%), those living in Pembrokeshire (85%) and those with children in their household (82%) were more likely to have visited this type of place. In contrast, those groups less likely to have visited this type of place included Communities First residents (70%) and people without access to a car (64%).

Overall, 76% of Welsh adults had visited a local park in the last 12 months with a higher proportion of those with children (92%), those under the age of 54 (83%), those living in urban locations (81%) and women (79%) visiting this type of place. Residents of the Swansea

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

Bay area were more likely than those living in any other SPA to have visited a local park (80%).

Beaches were visited by around three-quarters of respondents in 2011 (76%) with those living in Pembrokeshire (90%), North West Wales (87%) and Swansea (82%) more likely to have done so, as were people with children (85%).

Most of the other types of place asked about had also been visited by more than two-thirds of Welsh adults during the last 12 months in 2011 including 72% visiting woodland or forests.

In 2011, variations by SPA reflected the supply of places available to visit in each of the areas with a higher proportion of residents of Central Wales having visited farmland (75%) and/or rivers, lakes or canals (74%). Hills, mountains and moorland were more likely to be visited by those living in the Central (76%), North West (74%) and North East (72%) SPAs, while beaches were more likely to have been visited by those living in Pembrokeshire (90%) and those in the North West (87%). Residents of Pembrokeshire were also more likely to have visited coastline destinations other than beaches in the last 12 months (69%), potentially a reflection of high levels of usage of the coastal path in that area.

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2.4 Barriers to participation

Figure 2.7 below highlights the reasons for not visiting the outdoors given by those who had not done so in the last 12 months.

Figure 2.7 Barriers to participation - last 12 months (2008 & 2011, %)

Base: Those who have not visited the outdoors in last 12 months (2008 – 313, 2011 = 359) Note: multiple responses possible 29 Physical disability 31 27 Ot her healt h reason 23 14 Old age 22 Busy/ lack of time 10 18 2011 4 Bad/ poor weather 3 2008 3 Too difficult with disabled 3 2 Too difficult with elderly 2 1 Lack of suit able places 1

0 10 20 30 40

Just over half of non-participants mentioned a physical disability or other health reason (56%), while 14% cited old age as a reason for not visiting the outdoors in 2011. Physical disability was seen as more prohibitive amongst non-visitors than other barriers, with a smaller proportion mentioning a lack of time (10%) and just 1% of non-visitors indicating that they had a lack of suitable places to visit. Due to small sample sizes, differences between the barriers in 2008 and 2011 are not statistically significant. Figure 2.8 overleaf shows the reasons given for not visiting the outdoors in the last 4 weeks by those who had not visited recently but had taken visits in the last 12 months in 2011.

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

Figure 2.8 Barriers to participation - last 4 weeks (2008 & 2011, %)

Base: Those who have not visited the outdoor s in last 4 weeks (2008 – 459, 2011 = 408) Note: multiple responses possible 31 Busy/ lack of time 29 23 Bad/ poor weather 34 19 Ot her healt h reason 19 15 Physical disability 11 3 Old age 7 2 Too difficult with children 3 2 Too difficult with disabled 1 2011 2 Too difficult with elderly 1 2008 1 Needed at home 2 1 Lack of suit able places 5 Not enough money 1 1 No one to go wit h 1 1 Lack of suitable transport 3 1 Not convenient 1 0 10 20 30 40

In 2011, a lack of time was the most prominent obstacle to taking visits in the last 4 weeks (31%), mentioned much more frequently than was the case for barriers to visiting over a 12 month period. Likewise, weather conditions had more of an impact on propensity to visit in the last 4 weeks, with almost a quarter citing this as a reason for not visiting during this period (23%). Physical disability, health considerations and old age were less prominent barriers when considering reasons for not visiting in the last 4 weeks. There were no statistically significant differences between the barriers reported in 2008 and 2011.

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In 2011, there were variations in the barriers to taking visits in the last 4 weeks provided by different sub-groups within the population including the following: Too busy/ lack of time (31% overall) –more likely to be mentioned by those in paid employment (55%). Other health reason (19% overall) – more likely to be mentioned by those aged 75 and over (30%), those with no academic qualifications (30%), those not in paid employment (25%) and those with no children (21%). Physical disability (15% overall) – mentioned by a higher proportion of those with a household income of under £16,000 (26%), those living in Communities First areas (25%), those who are unemployed (25%) and those with no academic qualifications (22%).

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Section 3: Visits to the Outdoors

Those who had visited the outdoors in the last 4 weeks were asked for further details about their most recent visit. This section focuses on the characteristics of these visits by looking at what people do, where they go, who they go with and why they choose to visit the outdoors. Results have been weighted so that they are representative of the visits taken by the Welsh adult population during the survey period.

Key findings: In terms of the potential health benefits of outdoor recreation, in just over two-thirds of outdoor visits taken in 2011, participants reported that the main activity was enough to raise their breathing rate (68%) and in over half of these cases (58%) the activity was intense enough to make the participant out of breath or to cause them to sweat. In terms of the main destinations of visits, the most visited types of place were woodland/ forests (18%), local parks (12%), hills, mountains and moorland (11%) and beaches (11%). The proportions of visits where woodland/ forests or beaches were the main destination type were higher in 2011 than in the previous survey (increasing from 14% to 18% and 7% to 11% respectively), while local parks and roadside pavements or tracks were less likely to be the main destinations visited (decreasing from 15% to 12% and 12% to 9% respectively). The majority of the visits recorded in both surveys were taken within 5 miles of their starting point, with an increase in the proportion of such visits during 2011 (73% in 2008 to 78% in 2011). A car was the main form of transport used in just over half of visits (55%), an increase from 44% in 2008 despite the higher proportion of ‘close to home’ visits. In 2011, the most frequently provided reasons for taking visits to the outdoors were health and exercise (26%), exercising a dog (25%), fresh air or to enjoy pleasant weather (16%) and pleasure or enjoyment (16%). While a similar range of responses were provided in 2008, the results are not directly comparable due to the addition of new answer options in the 2011 survey.

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

3.1 What do people do? All activities undertaken Figure 3.1 overleaf shows the proportions of visits including each of the activities asked about in the survey, regardless of whether or not this was the main activity done during the visit. The popularity of walking during an outdoor visit was evident in both surveys, with around seven in ten outdoor visits including this activity (72% in 2008 and 73% in 2011). Other activities undertaken in a smaller proportion of visits in 2011 included wildlife watching (17%), taking children to playgrounds or other outdoor play areas (15%) and sightseeing or visiting an attraction (13%). Compared to 2008, outdoor visits taken in 2011 were more likely to have included wildlife watching (11% in 2008 and 17% in 2011), visiting children’s playgrounds or other outdoor play areas (11% and 15% respectively) and/or sightseeing or visiting an attraction (10% and 13%). The proportions of visits including running, informal games, picnicking or swimming outdoors were also higher in 2011 than in 2008. Notably a larger proportion of the visits taken by people with no academic qualifications (84%), those aged 55 and over (83%), those with a long-term illness or disability (79%), dog owners (78%), those with a household income of under £16,000 (78%) and those with no children (75%) included walking in 2011. In terms of the nature of the walking undertaken, in 2011 36% of all visits involved a short walk of less than 2 miles, 36% involved dog walking, 27% involved a long walk, hike or ramble of at least 2 miles and 20% involved hill or mountain walking (these categories are not mutually exclusive with respondents able to select more than one ‘type’ of walking).

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

Figure 3.1 All activities undertaken in outdoors in last 4 weeks (2008 & 2011, %)

Base: All who had visited the outdoors in the last 4 weeks (2008 – 5,273; 2011 = 5,626) Note: multiple responses possible

2008 2011

73 Walking 72 17 Wildlife watching 11 15 Visiting children's playgrounds/ taking children outdoors 11 13 Sightseeing/ visiting an attraction 10 9 Running 6 8 Informal games 5 7 Picnicking 4 4 Road cycling 3 4 Off-road cycling/ mountain biking 3 3 Horse riding 2 2 Swimming outdoors 1 2 Off-road driving/ motorcycling 2 2 Non-motorised watersports 1 2 Fishing 2 2 Field sports 1 1 Rock climbing/ caving

Other 2

0 20 40 60 80

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Further analysis of the data has shown that the sub-groups of the population most likely to undertake each of these specific types of walking varied in 2011 as follows: Short walk <2 miles (37% overall) –more likely to be included on the visits taken by those aged 75 and over (56%), those with no academic qualifications (46%), those with a long-term illness or disability (45%), women (45%), residents of Pembrokeshire (43%) and those not in paid employment (43%). Dog walking (36% overall) – dog owners (65%), 35-74 year olds (42%), those taking visits in the first 3 months of 2011 (41%) and women (39%) were more likely to have undertaken this activity on their most recent outdoor visit. Long walk, hike or ramble (27% overall) – undertaken on a higher proportion of the visits taken by 35-54 year olds (32%) and those with no children (29%). Hill/ mountain walk (20% overall) –more likely to be undertaken on visits taken by those living in the North West of Wales (27%) and dog owners (23%).

Main activity Those who had visited the outdoors in the last 4 weeks were also asked to specify the single main activity they had undertaken on their most recent visit (see Figure 3.2 overleaf). While walking was the single main activity on just over 3 in 5 visits (62%) this was a lower proportion than recorded in 2008 (66%). This variation suggests that visits taken in 2011 were more likely to involve a wider variety of activities than in 2008.

The other main activities undertaken most often included visiting children’s playgrounds or other outdoor play areas (8%), sightseeing or visiting an attraction (5%) and running (5%).

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

Figure 3.2 Main activity undertaken in outdoors in last 4 weeks (2008 & 2011, %)

Base: All who had visited the outdoors in the last 4 weeks (2008 – 5,273; 2011 = 5,626)

2008 2011

62 Walking 66 8 Visiting children's playgrounds/ taking children outdoors 8 5 Sightseeing/ visiting an attraction 5 5 Running 4 4 Informal games 4 3 Wildlife watching 2 3 Horse riding 2 2 Road cycling 2 2 Off-road cycling/ mountain biking 2 2 Fishing 1 1 Picnicking 1 1 Off-road driving/ motorcycling 1 1 Non-motorised watersports 1 1 Field sports 1

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

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Table 3.1 below shows the proportions taking part in each of the main activities in 2011 by gender and age. Cells have been highlighted in bold when a group was more likely to have taken part in a particular activity.

Table 3.1 Main activities undertaken on most recent visit by gender and age (2011, %)

Base: All who had taken a visit to the outdoors in the last 4 weeks (2011 – 5,626) Total Gender Age

Male Female 16-34 25-34 35-54 55-74 75+

Walking 62 55 68 39 49 63 75 79

Visiting children’s 8 6 10 8 12 10 4 2 playgrounds/ outdoor play areas

Running 5 7 4 14 10 4 1 *

Sightseeing/ visiting 5 5 5 5 7 4 5 4 an attraction

Horse riding 3 1 4 8 2 3 1 -

Wildlife watching 3 3 3 1 3 2 4 6

Road cycling 2 3 1 4 3 2 1 *

Off-road cycling/ 2 4 1 5 4 3 1 - mountain biking

Fishing 2 3 * 2 2 1 1 1

Non-motorised 1 2 * 3 2 1 * * watersports

Field sports 1 2 * 1 - 1 1 *

Off-road driving/ 1 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 motorcycling

Picnicking 1 1 1 * 2 * 1 3 * = <0.5%; - = no responses Figures highlighted in bold are significantly higher than other sub-groups within that classification e.g. 68% of women who walked as a main activity is significantly higher than the proportion of men who did so (55%)

This comparison highlights that, in 2011, higher proportions of men took part in running (7%), road cycling (4%) or off-road cycling or mountain biking (4%) as their main activity, while women were more likely to have undertaken walking (68%) or visiting children’s playgrounds/ other outdoor play areas (10%) as their main activity. When analysed by age, visits taken by those aged 55 and over were more likely to have walking (76%) as their main

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activity while the main activity on visits taken by those aged 54 and under was more likely to be a visit to a children’s playground or other outdoor play area (10%). Also those aged between 16 and 24 were more likely than older participants to include horse riding (8%).

Other variations in the main activities included on visits in 2011 included the following:

Long-term illness or disability – visits by those with a long-term illness or disability were more likely to have included walking (71%) as their main activity but less likely to include most of the other activities. Working status – visits by those not in paid employment were more likely to include walking as a main activity (66%), while visits by people in employment were more likely to include running (7%) or off-road cycling or mountain biking (4%). Children – the main activity on the visits taken by people with children in their household was more likely be visiting children’s playgrounds or other outdoor play areas (18%).

Intensity of activity

Those who had visited the outdoors in the last 4 weeks in 2011 were asked questions regarding the intensity of the main activity they had undertaken.

In just over two-thirds of visits taken during 2011, respondents reported that the main activity was enough to raise their breathing rate (68%), a figure that did not differ greatly from the 2008 figure of 65% (not a statistically significant increase). Activity participants under the age of 54 (72%) and those in paid employment (71%) were more likely to state that their main activity was enough to increase their breathing rate.

Those who indicated that their main activity increased their breathing rate were then asked if their activity caused them to be out of breath or to break into a sweat. Just over half of these respondents indicated that this was the case (58% in 2011), a similar figure to that recorded in 2008 (56%, not a statistically significant increase). In 2011, visits taken by those aged 16-24 (78%) were more likely to have made the participant out of breath or sweating.

Looking at all outdoor visits in 2011, those where running was the main activity were more likely than the average to have caused those taking the visit to state that they had been out of breath and/or sweating (94% of all visits). This was also the case for visits where the main destination visited was hills, mountains or moorland (62%) or woodland/forest (51%).

Health benefits were less likely to be reported for visits where wildlife watching (13%), sightseeing (15%) or visiting children’s playgrounds (28%) were the main activities and for

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

visits where local parks (32%), other local open spaces (27%) or beaches (28%) were the main destination.

Activity duration

Respondents were asked to specify the length of time spent undertaking their main activity on their most recent visit to the outdoors. Over half of visits taken to the outdoors within the last 4 weeks in 2011 involved less than 2 hours being spent on the main activity (58%), while a further two in ten visits involved between 2 hours and 2 hours 59 minutes undertaking the main activity (20%). The average amount of time spent undertaking the main activity in 2011 was 2 hours and 4 minutes, less than the average in 2008, which was 2 hours and 38 minutes.

Figure 3.3 Duration undertaking main activity on most recent visit (2008 & 2011, %)

Base: All who had visited the outdoors in the last 4 weeks (2008 – 5,273, 2011 = 5,626)

0-29 minutes 30-59 minutes 1hr - 1hr 59 2hrs-2hrs 59 3hrs - 4hrs 59 5+ hours Don't know

2011 6 19 33 20 14 8 1

2008 5 22 35 17 12 8 1

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

In 2011, visits taken by people aged 75 and over, those with no academic qualifications and those with a long-term illness or disability were more likely to involve a time period of less than an hour undertaking the activity (42%, 38% and 33% respectively). Conversely, the visits taken by residents of North East Wales SPA (26%) were more likely to involve participation in activities for 3 hours or more.

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In terms of the activities undertaken, visits where walking or running were the main activities were more likely to involve less than 2 hours being spent on this pursuit (68% and 77% respectively) while visits involving wildlife watching (16%) or sightseeing/ visiting an attractions (29%) were more likely to have involved 5 hours or more being spent participating.

Variations in the time spent on the main activity were also evident by the main destination visited in 2011. Over a quarter of visits to local parks involved only 30 to 59 minutes being spent on the main activity, while 44% of visits where woodland/forests were the main destination involved 1 hour to 1 hour and 59 minutes being spent on the main activity. Under 2 hours was spent undertaking the main activity on eight in ten visits where a roadside pavement or track was the main destination visited (80%) while higher proportions of visits where hills/ mountains/ moorland (48%) and other coastline (38%) were the main destination involved the main activity being undertaken for 3 hours or more.

3.2 Where do people go?

Survey respondents were asked to specify all of the type of places included in their most recent visit to the outdoors and, if they had been to more than one place during this visits, to then specify the single main type of place visited (see Figure 3.4 overleaf).

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

Figure 3.4 below shows the full range of locations included in the visits taken by the Welsh adult population.

Figure 3.4 Locations visited on most recent outdoor visit (2008 & 2011, %)

Base: All who had visited the outdoors in the last 4 weeks (2008 – 5,273; 2011 = 5,626) Note: multiple responses possible 2008 2011

55 Roadside pavement/ track 41 51 Woodland or forest 36 50 Other local open space 34 44 Hills/ mountain/ moorland 33 43 Village 30 40 Farmland 26 38 Local park 33 35 River/ lake/ canal 29 28 Beach 20 26 Sea 15 18 Other coastline 18 2 Other 6

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

The most frequently visited location in 2011 was a roadside pavement or track (55% of visits). This type of place was more likely to be included on visits taken by residents of the top 10% least deprived areas (63%), those between the ages of 16 and 34 (61%), women (59%) and those living in South East Wales (60%) or Swansea Bay (60%). In 2011 51% of outdoor visits included time spent in a woodland. This type of location was

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

more likely to be included in the visits taken by those living in North East Wales (60%), dog owners (56%), those living in rural areas (56%) and people with no long-term illness or disability (53%). The third most frequently visited location in 2011 was an ‘other local open space’, featured on 50% of all visits. Higher than average proportions of the visits taken by those living in urban areas (53%) included this type of place. Comparing the types of places visited by residents of each of the SPA areas, there are a number of other variations in 2011: Farmland –more likely to be included on visits taken by residents of Central Wales (56%). Local park –more likely to be included on visits taken by those living in the South East (45%) and Swansea Bay (41%). Beach - more likely to be included on visits taken by residents of North West Wales (48%), Pembrokshire (45%) and Swansea Bay (38%). Sea – visits taken by residents of North West Wales (42%) and Pembrokeshire (41%) were more likely to include this type of destination. Village –more likely to be included on visits taken by residents of Pembrokeshire (48%), North West Wales (48%) and Swansea Bay (46%).

Comparing the profile of types of place included in visits during 2008 and 2011, it is notable that respondents generally indicated that they had included a wider range of types of place in their visits resulting in increased proportions for nearly every destination category. Most notably, higher proportions of visits were recorded as including roadside pavements or tracks (41% in 2008, 55% in 2011), woodlands or forests (36% and 51% respectively) and other local open spaces (34% and 50%). These changes may partly relate to differences in how respondents answered the question in 2011 with respondents typically providing a larger range of responses to this question in the most recent survey. However, with the exception of farmland and local parks, the order of places visited remained the same in 2011 as that recorded in 2008 (in 2008 local parks were the equal fourth most likely type of place to be included in visits but this ranking decreased to eighth in 2011. Over the same period farmland increased from being seventh most visited type of place in 2008 to sixth in 2011).

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Main destination

Respondents were also asked which of the types of locations visited was their single main destination on their most recent visit, as shown in Figure 3.5 overleaf. In this context, the largest proportions of visits had woodland or forest as their main destination in 2011 (18%), followed by local parks (12%), hills/ mountains/ moorland (11%) and beaches (11%).

Between 2008 and 2011, there were increases in the proportions of visits with woodland or forests (14% in 2008 to 18% in 2011) or beaches (7% to 11%) as the main destination but decreases in the proportions of visits with local parks (15% to 12%) or roadside pavements or tracks (12% to 9%) as the main visit destination.

Comparing the main destination on visits taken by different population groups, variations in 2011 included the following:

Woodland/ forest (18% overall) –more likely to have been the main destination on visits taken by dog owners (22%), those living in rural areas (21%) and those in paid employment (20%). Local park (12% overall) –more likely to be the main destination on visits taken by those with children (19%), 25 to 34 year olds (18%), those living in South East Wales (17%) and those living in urban areas (16%).

In terms of SPA area, higher proportions of visits taken by residents of Central Wales (19%) and Pembrokeshire (15%) had farmland as their main destination. Beaches were more likely to be the main visit destination for those living in Pembrokeshire (19%) and North West Wales (19%), while higher proportions of the visits taken by residents of North West Wales, Pembrokshire and Swasea Bay (8% each) had other coastline locations as their main destination in 2011.

In both 2008 and 2011, for the vast majority of respondents, the main outdoors destination visited was located in Wales (96% and 97% respectively).

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

Figure 3.5 Main location visited on most recent visit (2008 & 2011, %)

Base: All who had visited the outdoors in the last 4 weeks (2008 – 5,273; 2011 = 5,626)

2008 2011

18 Woodland or forest 14 12 Local park 15 11 Hills/ mountain/ moorland 11 11 Beach 7 10 Farmland 8 9 Roadside pavement/ track 12 8 Other local open space 8 8 River/ lake/ canal 8 5 Village 5 5 Other coastline 6 2 Sea 2 2 Other 5

0 5 10 15 20

Further analysis regarding the main types of place visited according to the main activities undertaken illustrates a number of statistically variations (note that sample size limitations

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mean that statistically significant variations can only be identified for the higher participation activities). Most notably visits where wildlife watching was the main activity were more likely than the overall average to have farmland as the main destination visited (25% and 10% respectively) while visits where running was the main activity were more likely than the overall average to have been taken on roadside pavements or tracks (19% v 9%) or in a mountain/hill or moorland destination (21% v 11%).

Figure 3.6 Type of roadside pavement/ track visited (2011, %)

Base: All who had visited a roadside pavement/ track as main destination (2011 = 2,822)

Pavement in town/ city/ village Grass verge in town/ city/ village Pavement in countryside Track/ grass verge in countryside Walking/ running/ riding on road itself Other 2 10

8 10

In the 2011 survey, a new question was added to the survey asking those who had stated that a roadside pavement or track was their main destination to provide more details. As shown above, the vast majority of roadside pavements or tracks visited (as a main destination) were pavements in towns, cities or villages (42%), one in ten visits were on a grass verge in a town, city or village while an equal proportion of visits involved walking, running or riding on the road itself (10% each).

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Visit details

Those who visited the outdoors in the last 4 weeks were asked to estimate the distance travelled to their main destination (one way rather than total distance travelled), as shown in Figure 3.7 below.

Figure 3.7 Distance travelled on most recent visit (2008 & 2011, %)

Base: All who had visited the outdoors in the last 4 weeks (2008 – 5,273, 2011 = 5,626)

<1 mile 1-5 miles Ov er 5-10 miles Ov er 10-20 miles Ov er 20-50 miles Ov er 50 miles

2011 46 32 8 6 5 3

2008 43 30 9 7 7 4

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Over two-fifths of visits in both 2008 and 2011 were taken within a mile of the visit start point, be it the respondent’s home, workplace or holiday accommodation (43% in 2008, 46% in 2011), while around three in ten of visits (30% in 2008; 32% in 2011) were taken between 1 and 5 miles from the starting point.

Between 2008 and 2011, the proportion of visits taken within 5 miles of the starting point increased from 73% to 78%.

In 2011, visits more likely to be taken within a mile of the start point included those by people with no car access (56%), those taken between January and March (53%), those taken by dog owners (51%) and those taken by frequent visitors (51%).

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

Figure 3.8 below shows the main modes of transport used on visits to the outdoors. While just over half of visits in 2011 involved the use of a car (55%), around a third involved walking as a mode of transport (35%). Smaller proportions of visits included the use of public transport (4%) or a bicycle or mountain bike (3%).

Comparing the 2008 and 2011 results, a higher proportion of visits taken in the more recent period involved a journey by car while a correspondingly lower proportion were taken on foot.

Figure 3.8 Main mode of transport on most recent visit (2008 & 2011, %)

Base: Those who have not visited the outdoors in last 4 weeks and travelled 0.5 miles or more

(2008 – 4,745, 2011 =4,153) 55 Car 44 35 On foot/ walking 46 4 Public transport 4 3 2011 Bicycle/ mountain bike 3 2 2008 Horseback 1 1 Coach - trip/ private 1 1 Ot her 1

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

In 2011, visits taken by those living in Central Wales (64%), those living in rural areas (62%) and those in paid employment (60%) were more likely to have involved a journey by car. Walking was the main mode of transport on a higher proportion of the visits taken by women (39%) and those with a household income of £15,599 or less (42%).

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As well as recording the time spent undertaking their main activity (see Figure 3.3), those who visited the outdoors in the last 4 weeks were asked how long their most recent visit lasted in total, as shown in Table 3.3 below.

Table 3.3 Total duration of most recent visit (2008 & 2011, %)

Base: All who had taken a visit to the outdoors in the last 4 weeks (2008 – 5,273; 2011 – 5,626)

2008* 2011

0 - 29 mins 3 2

30 – 59 mins 13 12

1hr – 1hr 59 mins 25 26

2hrs – 2hrs 59 mins 19 19

3hrs – 3hrs 59 mins 12 10

4hrs – 5 hrs 59 mins 13 15

More than 6hrs 15 15

Don’t know 1 1

Total 100 100 * Percentages equal more than 100% due to rounding

While four in ten visits taken in 2011 were under 2 hours in duration (40%), an equal proportion lasted for 3 hours or more. The average total visit duration was 4 hours and 26 minutes, shorter than that recorded in 2008 (5 hours and 18 minutes).

While 14% of all visits in 2011 lasted less than an hour, those visits taken by people with no academic qualifications (25%), those aged 75 and over (20%), those with a long-term illness or disability (18%) and frequent visitors (17%) were more likely to be of this duration.

In contrast, while 30% of all visits in 2011 lasted 4 hours or more, visits of this duration were more likely to be taken by people aged 16-24 (39%), infrequent visitors (39%), those who did not own a dog (37%) and men (35%).

When analysed by main activity and main destination, while 40% of all visits lasted less than 2 hours, those which featured running as a main activity and those taken to a roadside pavement or track were more likely to be in this shorter duration band (73% and 61% respectively). Conversely, while 41% of all visits lasted 3 hours or more, those which included sightseeing as a main activity, those taken to coastline other than a beach and those with hills, mountains or moorland as a main destination were more likely to be in this longer duration band (91%, 70% and 63% respectively).

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3.3 Who do people go with? Party composition

As shown in Figure 3.9 below, almost half of the visits in 2011 were taken with family members (46%), a higher proportion than in 2008 (41%). 36% of visits in 2011 were taken alone, 19% were taken with friends and 5% were taken as part of an organised group.

Figure 3.9 Party composition (2008 & 2011, %)

Base: All who had taken a visit to the outdoors in the last 4 weeks (2008 – 5,273, 2011 =5,626) Note: Multiple responses possible

36 Alone 39

46 With family 41

19 With friends 2011 21 2008 5 Organised group 4

0 10 20 30 40 50

Some variations in the party compositions of visits taken by different population groups in 2011 included the following:

Alone (36% of visits overall) – more likely to be visits taken by those aged 55 and over (46%), dog owners (43%), frequent visitors (42%) and people with no children (40%). With family (46% of visits overall) – a higher proportion of the visits taken by people in the 25 to 54 age group (55%), infrequent visitors (54%), women (52%) and those who did not own a dog (50%) were with other family members. With friends (19% of visits overall) – more likely to involve visits taken by 16 to 24 year olds (39%), infrequent visitors (23%), those who did not own a dog (22%) and those with no children (21%).

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As shown in Table 3.4 below, around a quarter of visits taken in 2011 involved a party of two people (27%). A similar proportion of visits had a party of between 3 and 5 members (27%), while around one in ten involved a larger party of 6 or more people (11%). The mean party size did not vary greatly between the two surveys (3.4 in 2008, 3.7 in 2011, not a statistically significant variation).

Table 3.4 Number of people in party (2008 & 2011, %)

Base: All who had taken a visit to the outdoors in the last 4 weeks (2008 – 5,273; 2011 – 5,626)

2008* 2011

1 39 36

2 30 27

3 11 12

4-5 10 15

6-9 4 6

10+ 5 5

Mean 3.4 3.7

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Children in party

In 2011, 28% of outdoor visits included children in the party, a similar proportion to that recorded in 2008.

Figure 3.10 Number of children in party on most recent visit (2008 & 2011, %)

Base: All who had taken a visit to the outdoors in the last 4 weeks (2008 – 5,273, 2011 =5,626)

72 None 75 11 1 11 9 2 7 5 3 3 2 4-5 2011 2 1 2008 6-9 1 1 10+ 1

0 20 40 60 80

During 2011 children were more likely to have been in the party on visits taken by those aged 25-54 (39%), those with any academic qualifications (39%), infrequent visitors (34%), women (32%), those in paid employment (31%) and those who took visits in the spring and summer months from April to September (31%).

Dogs on visit

In both 2008 and 2011, a dog or dogs were taken on around two-fifths of outdoor visits (38% and 40% respectively). In 2011, dogs were more likely to be taken on visits taken by the most frequent visitors (50%), those aged between 35 and 74 (47%) and those living in North East Wales (48%) or Central Wales (47%).

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In terms of the types of place visited, visits where farmland or woodland/forestry was the main destination were more likely to be taken with a dog or dogs (59% and 53% of visits respectively).

3.4 Why do they go? In addition to understanding the characteristics of visits to the outdoors, a key area of interest is the motivations for visiting the outdoors. As shown in Figure 3.11 (overleaf), the most frequently mentioned motivations in 2011 were health or exercise (26% of visits) and/or walking the dog (25% of visits), followed by fresh air/ pleasant weather (16% of visits) and for pleasure or enjoyment (16% of visits). During 2011 there were some variations in the reasons for visiting the outdoors amongst different demographic groups:

Health/ exercise (26% of visits overall) – more likely to be a motivation on visits taken by 55 to 74 year olds (32%) and men (30%). Exercise a dog (25% of visits overall) – the motivation for almost half (47%) of the visits taken by dog owners. Fresh air/ pleasant weather (16% of visits overall) – more likely to be a motivation on visits taken by infrequent visitors (21%), people with children (20%), those who took visits between April and June (20%) and women (18%). Pleasure/ enjoyment (16% overall) – more likely to be a motivation on the visits taken by residents of the Swansea Bay SPA (20%), those educated to degree level or above (19%) and infrequent visitors (19%). To enjoy/ participate in a hobby (8% overall) – more likely to be the motivation amongst male participants (11%) and in visits taken in the fourth quarter of the year (11%). Enjoy scenery/ wildlife (7% overall) –more likely to be a motivation on those visits taken by people aged 75 and over (19%). Relax/unwind (3% overall) –more likely to motivate visits taken by 25 to 34 year olds (9%). To get somewhere (4% overall) - more likely to motivate those people who are not in paid employment and those who live in Communities First areas (9% each).

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Figure 3.11 Motivations for visiting the outdoors on most recent visit (2008 & 2011, %)

Base: All who had visited the outdoors in the last 4 weeks (2008 – 5,273; 2011 = 5,626) Note: multiple responses possible 2008 2011

26 Health/ exercise 36 25 Exercise a dog 26 Fresh air/ enjoy pleasant 16 weather 22 16 Pleasure/ enjoyment*

8 Enjoy/ participate in hobby 20 7 Enjoy scenery/ wildlife 9 7 Entertain children 8 5 Spend time with family 5 4 Get somewhere*

3 Relax/ unwind 7 2 Spend time with friends 5 1 Learn about the outdoors 2 1 Peace/ quiet 2 1 Achieve something 5

Challenge myself 2

0 10 20 30 40

* Codes not included in 2008.

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Health or exercise and exercising a dog were also the most frequently mentioned motivations for visits in 2008 (36% and 26% respectively). However, it is notable that in the 2011 survey, lower proportions of respondents selected each of the motivations that were featured in both the 2011 and 2008 surveys. This variation may, in part, be related to the addition of two new answer codes in 2011 (‘for pleasure/enjoyment’ and ‘to get somewhere’).

Variations in motivations were evident by the main activity and main destination visited in 2011 (note that sample size limitations mean that statistically significant variations can only be identified for the higher participation activities and most visited types of place). Some of the most notable variations included the following:

Fresh air/ pleasant weather (16%) - more likely to be a motivation on visits where visiting children’s playgrounds or other outdoor areas (27%) or walking (18%) were the main activities undertaken and on visits where a beach (25%) or a local park (23%) were the main destinations visited. Health/ exercise (26% overall) – more likely to be a motivation on visits where running (80%) or walking (28%) were the main activities undertaken. Exercise a dog (25% overall) - more likely to be a motivation on visits where walking (38%) was the main activity undertaken and on visits where a woodland/ forest (34%) or farmland (32%) were the main destinations visited. Pleasure/ enjoyment (16% overall) - more likely to be a motivation on visits where sightseeing/ visiting an attraction (29%) was the main activity undertaken and on visits where hills/ mountains/ moorland (25%) or other coastline areas (31%) were the main destinations visited. Enjoy scenery and wildlife (7% overall) - more likely to be a motivation on visits where wildlife watching (39%) or sightseeing/ visiting an attraction (12%) were the main activities undertaken and where hills/ mountains/ moorland were the main destinations visited (16%). Entertain children (7% overall) - more likely to be a motivation on visits where visiting children’s playgrounds or other outdoor areas (51%) was the main activity undertaken and a local park was the main destination visited (23%). Spend time with family (5% overall) – more likely to be a motivation on visits where sightseeing/ visiting attractions (16%) or visiting children’s playgrounds or other outdoor areas (15%) were the main activities undertaken and on visits where a local park was the main destination visited (9%). Relax/ unwind (3% overall) - more likely to be a motivation on visits where running (14%) was the main activity undertaken and on visits where hills/ mountains/ moorland were the main destinations visited (10%).

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Section 4: Future Participation

In addition to assessing current behaviour, the survey looked at latent demand for visiting the outdoors more often. This section includes results relating to latent demand for visiting places and undertaking specific activities, as well as the barriers that have prevented respondents from taking part or visiting as often as they would like.

Key findings: During 2011, six in ten members of the adult population in Wales stated that they would like to visit the outdoors more often (60%), the same proportion as recorded in 2008.

Around a quarter of Welsh adults (26%) would like to visit beaches more often, 17% would like to visit hills, mountains or moorland and 13% would like to visit other coastal areas or a woodland/ forest. In terms of activities, 30% of Welsh adults would like to take part in walking more often, 8% would like to take part in off-road cycling and 6% would like to do more road cycling or sightseeing.

Poor weather was also given as a reason for not participating - mentioned by 11% of adults in 2011, a lower proportion than in 2008 (20%). The higher proportion of respondents providing this as a reason in 2008 may have been influenced by the heavy flooding experienced by parts of Wales that year.

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4.1 Latent demand Latent demand - overall

Overall six in ten Welsh adults would like to visit the outdoors for recreation more often, an equal proportion to that recorded in 2008 (60%). Those more likely to be interested in visiting the outdoors more often included infrequent visitors (67%), 16 to 54 year olds (67%), people with children (66%), those with a household income of £31,200 or more (66%) and those educated to degree level or above (63%).

In contrast, a lower than average proportion of people who were already frequent visitors (43%), dog owners (56%), people aged 55 and over (49%), those living in rural areas (51%) and those living in Central Wales or Pembrokeshire (52% and 53%) expressed interest in visiting the outdoors more often.

Latent demand - activities

In addition to being the most frequently undertaken activity amongst those who visit the outdoors, walking was also the activity that the highest proportion of respondents would like to do more often (30% in 2011). This activity was more likely to be of interest to people educated to degree level or above (37% would like to walk more often), those aged 35 to 54 (36%), women (35%), those in paid employment (35%) and people who do not own a dog (34%).

Other variations in demand to take part more often in different activities included:

Off-road cycling/ mountain biking (8% overall) – more likely to be of interest to those with a household income of over £50,000 (17%), those with children (13%), 16 to 54 year olds (12%), those in paid employment (12%) and infrequent visitors (10%). Sightseeing/ visiting an attraction (6% overall) - more likely to be of interest to those with a long-term illness or disability (8%) and those who have not visited the outdoors in the last 4 weeks (9%). Road cycling (6% overall) - more likely to be of interest to those with a household income of over £50,000 (12%), those with children (9%), those aged 16 to 54 (8%), those educated to degree level or above (9%), those in paid employment (8%) and residents of the Swansea Bay and North West Wales SPAs (9% and 8% respectively). Informal games such as frisbee or golf (5% overall) - more likely to be of interest to those aged 16 to 24 (12%). Watersports (5% overall) - more likely to be of interest to those living in Pembrokeshire (10%) and Swansea Bay SPAs (8%). Running (4% overall) - more likely to be of interest to those aged 16-34 (8%). Swimming outdoors (3% overall) - more likely to be of interest to those living in the Swansea Bay SPA (5%).

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Rock climbing/ caving (2% overall) - more likely to be of interest to those aged 16 to 34 (5%).

Figure 4.1 Activities would like to undertake more often in outdoors (2008 & 2011, %)

Base: All respondents (2008 – 6,045; 2011 = 6,393) Note: multiple responses possible 2008 2011

Walking 30 34 8 Off-road cycling/ mountain biking 7 Sightseeing/ visiting an attraction 6 8 6 Road cycling 7 Informal games* 5 5 Watersports 6 Running 4 3 3 Fishing 3 Swimming outdoors 3 5 2 Wildlife watching 2 Horse riding 2 3 2 Rock climbing/ caving 3 Visiting children's playgrounds/ taking children outdoors 1 2 1 Picnicking 2 Off-road driving/ motorcycling 1 1 1 Field sports 1 Snowsports 1 1 1 Air sports 1 Other 4 7 33 No answer/ don't know 28

0 10 20 30 40

*Not included in 2008

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Latent demand – places

As shown in Figure 4.2 overleaf, just over a quarter of respondents in 2011 indicated that they would like to visit beaches more often than they currently do (26%). Those more likely to mention this type of destination included those with children (35%), those aged 16 to 54 (34%), women (31%), dog owners (29%) and residents of South East Wales (29%).

In 2011, the second most frequently mentioned type of place that residents of Wales would like to visit more often was hills, mountains and moorland (17%). This category was more likely to be selected as an appealing destination by those educated to degree level or above (26%), residents of North West and North East Wales (25% and 21% respectively), those with a household income of £31,200 or above (25%), men (21%) and those aged 35 to 54 (21%).

Other variations in interest to visit in future by location in 2011 included:

Woodland/ forest (13% overall) – more likely to be of interest to those with children (18%), dog owners (15%), 16 to 54 year olds (15%), those in paid employment (15%). Other coastline (13% overall) - more likely to be of interest to those residents in the top 10% least deprived areas (17%), those in paid employment (17%), 35 to 54 year olds (16%) and those who do not own a dog (15%). Sea (11% overall) - more likely to be of interest to those living in North East Wales (15%). River/ lake/ canal (7% overall) – also more likely to be of interest to those living in North East Wales (11%).

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Figure 4.2 Places would like to visit more often (2011, %)

Base: All respondents (2011 = 6,393) Note: multiple responses possible

Beach 26

Hills/ mountain/ moorland 17

Woodland or forest 13

Other coastline 13

Sea 11

River/ lake/ canal 7

Local park 5

Farmland 4

Other local open space 4

Historic sites 4

Village 3

Roadside pavement/ track 2

Gardens 2

Other 5

None 28

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

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4.2 Barriers to increasing participation It is important to understand the reasons that may prevent an increase in outdoor visits. Figure 4.3 (overleaf) outlines the barriers selected by respondents for not participating in activities as much as they would have liked. The most frequently mentioned barrier in 2011 was being too busy/ a lack of time. Around a third of respondents cited this barrier (32%), a lower proportion than did so in 2008 (39%). The proportions mentioning a number of the other reasons also decreased, particularly references to poor weather (20% in 2008, 11% in 2011)1.

Those more likely to have mentioned being busy or a lack of time as a barrier in 2011 included those in paid employment (49%), those with a household income of £31,200 or more (47%), those between the ages of 35 and 54 (46%), those educated to degree level or above (42%), those with children (40%) and men (36%).

Other variations in references made to the other main barriers in 2011 included the following:

Bad/ poor weather (11% overall) – more likely to be mentioned by those interviewed between January and March (16%), 16 to 24 year olds (15%), infrequent visitors (13%), residents of Pembrokeshire SPA (13%) and those with children (13%). Other health reasons (7% overall) – mentioned as a barrier by 18% of people with a long-term illness or disability. Also more likely to be given as a reason for not increasing participation by those with a household income of £15,199 or less (12%), those aged 55 and over (12%), those with no academic qualifications (11%), those with no access to a car (11%) and those not in paid employment (11%). Disability (4% overall) - cited as a barrier by 12% of those with a long-term illness or disability and a larger proportion of those with a household income of £15,199 or less (9%), those without access to a car (8%) and those aged 55 or over (7%). Lack of suitable places to go (4% overall) - more likely to be cited as a barrier by those living in Swansea Bay SPA (6%).

1 As there was no variation in the question wording or the way in which it was asked, it would appear that on average fewer barriers were mentioned by individual respondents than was the case in 2008.

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Figure 4.3 Barriers to increased participation in outdoor activities (2008 & 2011, %)

Base: All respondents (2008 – 6,045; 2011 = 6,393) Note: multiple responses possible

2008 2011

32 Always too busy/ lack of time 39

11 Bad/ poor weather 20

7 Other health reason 12

4 Physical disability 6

2 Too difficult - children 2

2 Old age 6

1 Too difficult - elderly 1

Not interested 1

1 No particular reason 9

0 10 20 30 40 50

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Section 5: Conclusions

The 2011 Welsh Outdoor Recreation Survey provides valuable insights into the Welsh adult population’s participation in outdoor recreation, the variations between demographic groups and also by geography. By providing comparable results to those from the 2008 survey, it is possible to identify changes over this period and some potential emerging trends. Some of the key insights are summarised below:

The vast majority of the Welsh adult population continued to take part in outdoor recreation on at least an infrequent basis in 2011. The average proportions recorded taking visits in the 12 months and last 4 weeks prior to interview have remained at consistent levels to those recorded in 2008 (95% in last 12 months, 88% in last 4 weeks). The general frequency of participation also remained at similar levels between 2008 and 2011, with just over a quarter of adults (27%) visiting the outdoors ‘frequently’ in 2011. The small proportion of the population who have not taken visits to the outdoors for a year or more indicated that physical considerations (disability, other health concerns and old age) prevented participation while those who have not taken visits in the shorter term (last 4 weeks) are more likely to cite time constraints and/or poor weather as reasons for not participating in 2011. A similar range and relative importance of such barriers were identified in both the 2008 and 2011 surveys. While the proportion of the population taking visits and the frequency that these visits are taken has remained similar between 2008 and 2011, the survey results suggest that those people who visit the outdoors tend to be participating in a greater range of activities and visiting more places during the trips they take. Most notably, increases were recorded in the proportions undertaking wildlife watching, visiting children’s playgrounds and sightseeing or visiting an attraction. Reflecting these findings, while the majority of visits included walking as the main activity, the proportion that did so decreased between 2008 and 2011. Other activities were more likely to feature as the main activity in 2011 than was the case in the previous survey. In terms of the types of places visited, between 2008 and 2011 when respondents were asked to focus on the main destination visited, increases were recorded in the share of visits where woodland/ forests or beaches were the main place visited, while a lower share of visits had roadside pavements or tracks or local parks as their main destination. Between the two surveys, there has been an increase in the proportions of visits taken within 5 miles of the visit start point (73% in 2008 to 78% in 2011). Potentially related to this greater volume of ‘closer to home’ visits, the average visit duration and

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

average amount of time spent undertaking outdoor activities was less than in 2008 (4 hours and 26 minutes in total of which 2 hours and 4 minutes spent doing outdoor activity compared to 5 hours and 18 minutes and 2 hours and 38 minutes in 2008). However, despite this indication that more visits are being taken ‘close to home’, there has been an increase in use of the car as a main mode of transport and a decrease in walking. The proportion of visits delivering health benefits has not varied greatly over time. Six in ten of those who visited in the last 4 weeks in 2011 indicated that their main activity was enough to raise their breathing rate in both years. Around half of those who stated that their breathing rate was affected by their main activity also indicated that it was enough to cause them to be out of breath or to sweat. Health and exercise continues to be the most frequently provided reason for taking visits. Latent demand for visiting the outdoors more often than at present also remained at the same levels as recorded in 2008, with six in ten members of the adult population in Wales expressing an interest in visiting more often than they currently do. The activity of most potential interest continues to be walking (30% would like to do more in 2011) while the places of most interest were beaches (26% would like to visit more), hills, mountains and moorland (17%), woodland/forests (13%) and other types of coastline (13%).

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Appendix 1: Survey questionnaire

Good morning/afternoon/evening, my name is [INTERVIEWER NAME] from TNS Research International, an independent research agency and we are carrying out a survey on behalf of the Countryside Council for Wales and Forestry Commission Wales about leisure/free time spent in the outdoors. This important study will be used to help improve use of and access to the outdoors in Wales.

The responses you provide will be held, together with your details, by the Countryside Council for Wales and the Forestry Commission. This data will be used for research purposes only. The interview will take around 15 minutes.

In this survey we are interested in leisure visits and excursions to the outdoors of any length. These visits may have been made from your home or during holidays.

By outdoors, we mean open spaces anywhere in the countryside or in towns and cities, including your local neighbourhood, paths, woodland, parks and farmland. Visits may have involved any informal outdoor recreation, including both active or passive pursuits.

PART 1 VISITS IN THE LAST 12 MONTHS

The next few questions are about visits to the outdoors you have made during the last 12 months.

ASK ALL Q1a Which of the following activities have you undertaken at least once during visits to the outdoors in the last 12 months? multicode Walking Road cycling Off-road cycling or mountain biking Horse riding Fishing Rock climbing or caving Motorised watersports Other watersports Swimming outdoors Snowsports Field sports (shooting/hunting) Air sports (hang gliding/ballooning) Wildlife watching Running Sightseeing or visiting an attraction

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Off-road driving or motorcycling Picnicking (as a significant part of the activity) Visiting children’s playgrounds/taking children to play areas outdoors Informal games (e.g.Frisbee or golf) - specify Other outdoor activities - specify None of these

ASK ALL Q1b During the summer months, from April to September, how often on average have you visited the outdoors? single code only. single code More than once per day Once a day Several times a week Once a week Once or twice a month Once or twice Never Don’t know do not read out

ASK ALL Q1c And during the winter months from October to March, how often on average have you visited the outdoors? single code. Once a day Several times a week Once a week Once or twice a month Once or twice Never Don’t know do not read out

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PART 2 VISITS IN THE LAST 4 WEEKS

ASK ALL WHO MENTION AT LEAST ONE ACTIVITY AT Q1A. OTHERS GO TO Q16A.

The next few questions are about visits to the outdoors you have made during the last 4 weeks.

Q2 Which of the following activities have you undertaken at least once during visits to the outdoors in the last 4 weeks? Walking Road cycling Off-road cycling or mountain biking Horse riding Fishing Rock climbing or caving Motorised watersports Other watersports Swimming outdoors Snowsports Field sports (shooting/hunting) Air sports (hang gliding/ballooning) Wildlife watching Running Sightseeing or visiting an attraction Off-road driving or motorcycling Picnicking (as a significant part of the activity) Visiting children’s playgrounds/taking children to play areas outdoors Informal games (e.g.Frisbee or golf) - specify Other outdoor activities - specify None of these

ASK Q3A OF ALL WHO MENTION AT LEAST ONE ACTIVITY AT Q2. OTHERS GO TO Q16.

Q3a How many visits to the outdoors have you made in the last 4 weeks? You may have made more than one visit each day. enter number of visits type in

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Q3b And how many of these visits were to outdoor places in Wales in the last 4 weeks? enter number of visits type in

PART 3 MOST RECENT VISIT

ASK ALL WHO MENTION AT LEAST ONE ACTIVITY AT Q2. OTHERS GO TO Q16A.

I’d like to ask you some questions about your most recent visit to the outdoors in the last four weeks.

Q4a Which of the activities that you said you have done in the last 4 weeks, did you undertake on your most recent visit to the outdoors? You said that you did……INTERVIEWER READ OUT ACTIVITY/ACTIVITIES BELOW CATI TO ROUTE ALL ACTIVITIES MENTIONED AT Q2

Q4b Thinking about [insert activity from Q4a] did this involve…? Q4B REPEATED FOR EACH ACTIVITY MENTIONED AT Q4A AND APPROPRIATE SUB- CATEGORIES ATTACHED. Multicode.

Walking Dog walking A short walk/stroll – less than 2 miles/1 hour A long walk, hike or ramble in lowland areas – at least 2 miles/1 hour Hill or mountain walking Other walking - specify

Road cycling A short cycle – less than 1 hour A long cycle – at least 1 hour Other road cycling - specify

Off-road cycling or mountain biking Cycling or mountain biking on purpose built single track Cycling or mountain biking on off-road trails such as bridleways Cycling/mountain biking on off road cycle paths, forest tracks and green lanes Cycling/mountain biking off tracks and trails Other cycling or mountain biking - specify

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Horse riding Trekking or hacking on bridleways Trekking or hacking on forest tracks Trekking or hacking on specific horse trails Riding in an enclosed designated area (e.g. field, arena) On-road carriage driving Off-road carriage driving Other horse riding or pony trekking - specify

Fishing Sea angling from shore Sea angling from a boat Course fishing Game fishing Other fishing - specify

Rock climbing or caving Rock climbing Caving or potholing Bouldering Other - specify

Motorised watersports Water skiing Jet skiing/biking Power boating Other - specify

Other watersports Diving Snorkelling Sailing Yachting Rowing/paddle boat Surfing/body-boarding Canoeing/kayaking Other non-motorised watersports - specify

Swimming outdoors Swimming in the sea Swimming in a river or lake Swimming in an outdoor pool or paddling pool Other - specify

Snowsports Skiing

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Snowboarding Using a dry ski slope Other snowsports - specify

Fieldsports Shooting Stalking Other - specify

Air sports Flying Microlites Plane gliding Para-gliding Hang-gliding Ballooning Other air sports - specify

Wildlife watching Bird watching Other wildlife watching - specify

Running Jogging Fell running Orienteering Other - specify

Sightseeing or visiting an attraction Sightseeing by car Sightseeing on a bus or coach trip Sightseeing on a train Visiting a historic attraction Visiting a zoo Visiting a theme park or amusement park Other sightseeing or attractions - specify

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

Off-road driving or motorcycling Off-road motorcycling on greenlanes Off-road motorcycling on forest tracks Off-road driving on greenlanes Off-road driving on forest tracks Using an enclosed off-road vehicle facility Other - specify

Visiting children’s playground/taking children to play areas outdoors A traditional children’s playground An outdoor adventure play area Other - specify

ASK Q4C OF ALL WHO MENTION MORE THAN ONE ACTIVITY AT Q4A. OTHERS GO TO Q5.

Q4c And which would you say was the main activity you did on your most recent visit to the outdoors? CATI TO ROUTE ACTIVITIES MENTIONED AT Q4A

Q5 During this visit, how long did you spend [MAIN ACTIVITY] in the outdoors? type in hours and mins Hrs Mins Don’t know

Q6 was the effort you put into [MAIN ACTIVITY] enough to…? a) make you raise your breathing rate? single code only single code Yes No Don’t know

ASK IF YES (CODE 1) AT Q6A. OTHERS GO TO Q7A b) make you out of breath or sweat? single code only single code Yes No Don’t know

Q7a Which of the following, if any, best describes the types of places you visited on your most recent visit to the outdoors? multicode. Woodland or forest Farmland

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

Local park Other local open space Roadside pavement/track Hills, mountains or moorland River, lake or canal Beach Sea Other coastline Village Other - specify

ASK Q7B IF MORE THAN ONE PLACE SELECTED AT Q7A Q7b Which of these was the main place you visited? if respondent is unsure: For example, the place you spent the longest amount of time in. single code INSERT PLACES VISITED AT Q7A.

Q7c And was this place in Wales? Yes No Don’t know

ASK Q7D OF THOSE WHO VISITED A ‘ROADSIDE PAVEMENT/TRACK’ AT Q7A. OTHERS GO TO Q8

Q7d You mentioned that you visited a roadside pavement or track. Which of the following best describes this pavement or track? single code. if more than one given, ask for main one used A roadside pavement in a town, city or village A roadside track or grass verge in a town, city or village A roadside pavement in the countryside A roadside track or grass verge in the countryside

Was walking/running/riding on the road itself Other

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

INTERVIEWER NOTE: IF RESPONDENT ASKS: - BY PAVEMENT WE MEAN A PATH WITH A SURFACE SUCH AS CONCRETE OR TARMAC. - BY TRACK WE MEAN UNSURFACED E.G. GRAVEL, GRASS, ETC.

Q8 Approximately how far, in miles, did you travel to reach this place? By that I mean the one way journey to the place visited. if respondent is unsure, ask for an estimate. if activity was undertaken from home/workplace/overnight accommodation with no travel to start point, type in 0. if place visited was less than 1 mile away, type in 0.5. type in number

ASK ALL WHO ENTER >=0.5 AT Q8. OTHERS GO TO Q10.

Q9 What was the main mode of transport you used to reach this place on your most recent visit to the outdoors? do not prompt. single code if not on list code as other and type in verbatim. Car/van Train Public bus/coach Coach trip/private coach Motorcycle/scooter Bicycle/mountain bike On foot/walking On horseback Boat (sail or motor) Taxi Other - specify Don’t know do not read out

Q10 How long did your visit last altogether – that is from the time you left your home/workplace/overnight accommodation to when you returned? type in hours and mins Hrs Mins Don’t know

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

Q11 Which of the following, if any, best describes who accompanied you when you went or did [MAIN ACTIVITY] on your most recent visit to the outdoors? multicode ok. if not on list, code as other and type in verbatim. No one, I went on my own. GO TO Q14 I went with my family I went with my friends I went as part of an organised group Other - specify

ASK ALL WHO WENT WITH OTHERS AT Q11. OTHERS GO TO Q14.

Q12 And how many people, including yourself, were on this visit? type in number

ASK ALL WHO WENT WITH OTHERS AT Q11. OTHERS GO TO Q14.

Q13 And how many, if any, of these people were aged under 16 years? type in number of children Don’t know

Q14 Were you accompanied by a dog on your most recent visit to the outdoors? Yes No Don’t know

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

Q15 What reasons, if any, best describe why you made this visit to the outdoors to go [MAIN ACTIVITY]? code all mentioned. if not on list, code as other and write in verbatim To spend time with family To spend time with friends To learn something about the outdoors For fresh air or to enjoy pleasant weather For health or exercise For peace and quiet To relax and unwind To exercise your dog To enjoy scenery and wildlife To entertain children To challenge myself To achieve something To enjoy/participate in my hobby For pleasure/enjoyment To get somewhere (e.g. walking to work/shops) For other reasons - SPECIFY Don’t know do not read out

PART 4 GENERAL QUESTIONS

ASK ALL WHO HAVE MADE NO VISITS TO THE OUTDOORS IN THE LAST FOUR WEEKS (CODE 21, ‘NONE OF THESE’ AT Q2) Q16. For what reasons, if any, have you not made any visits to the outdoors in the last four weeks? do not read out. code all mentioned. if not on list, code as other and write in verbatim. Always too busy / lack of time No-one to look after matters at home while I am away Too difficult with children Too difficult with elderly Too difficult with disabled Bad / poor weather Physical disability Pregnant Old age Other health reason Lack of information on where to go / Don’t know where to go Lack of suitable places to go Prefer to go to other places Prefer to do other leisure activities Wouldn’t enjoy it Prevented or discouraged by land owners / managers Nervous or uneasy about what might happen (eg Personal safety, getting lost) Not enough money / can’t afford it

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

No-one to go with Don’t feel like I fit in / belong / am welcome Lack of suitable means of transport / getting there Dislike travelling Not convenient Not interested No particular reason Other - specify Don’t know – do not read out

ASK ALL WHO HAVE MADE NO VISITS TO THE OUTDOORS IN THE LAST 12 MONTHS (CODE 21, ‘NONE OF THESE’ AT Q1D) Q16a. For what reasons, if any, have you not made any visits to the outdoors in the last 12 months? do not read out. code all mentioned. if not on list, code as other and write in verbatim. Always too busy / lack of time No-one to look after matters at home while I am away Too difficult with children Too difficult with elderly Too difficult with disabled Bad / poor weather Physical disability Pregnant Old age Other health reason Lack of information on where to go / Don’t know where to go Lack of suitable places to go Prefer to go to other places Prefer to do other leisure activities Wouldn’t enjoy it Prevented or discouraged by land owners / managers Nervous or uneasy about what might happen (e.g. Personal safety, getting lost) Not enough money / can’t afford it No-one to go with Don’t feel like I fit in / belong / am welcome Lack of suitable means of transport / getting there Dislike travelling Not convenient Not interested No particular reason Other - specify Don’t know – do not read out

ASK ALL Q17. Would you like to visit the outdoors more often than you do at the moment? single code

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

Yes No Don’t know

ASK ALL Q18. Which activities, if any, would you like to do, or do more often than you do at the moment in the outdoors? do not read out but code answers appropriately. if not on list, code other and type in verbatim. Walking Road cycling Off-road cycling or mountain biking Horse riding Fishing Rock climbing or caving Motorised watersports Other watersports Swimming outdoors Snowsports Field sports (shooting / hunting) Air sports (hang gliding / ballooning) Wildlife watching Running Sightseeing or visiting an attraction Off-road driving or motorcycling Picnicking (as a significant part of the activity) Visiting children’s playgrounds / taking children to play areas outdoors Informal games (e.g. Frisbee or golf) - specify Other outdoor activities - specify Don’t know – do not read out

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

Q19 What, if anything, has stopped you from taking part in these activities or doing these activities more often during the last 12 months? do not read out but code answers appropriately. if not on list, code other and type in verbatim. Always too busy / lack of time No-one to look after matters at home while I am away Too difficult with children Too difficult with elderly Too difficult with disabled Bad / poor weather Physical disability Pregnant Old age Other health reason Lack of information on where to go / Don’t know where to go Lack of suitable places to go Prefer to go to other places Prefer to do other leisure activities Wouldn’t enjoy it Prevented or discouraged by land owners / managers Nervous or uneasy about what might happen (eg Personal safety, getting lost) Not enough money / can’t afford it No-one to go with Don’t feel like I fit in / belong / am welcome Lack of suitable means of transport / getting there Dislike travelling Not convenient Not interested No particular reason Other - specify Don’t know

IF RESPONDENT MADE NO VISITS TO OUTDOORS IN LAST 12 MONTHS (CODE 21, ‘NONE OF THESE’ AT Q1D) SKIP TO Q21

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

Q20 Next, thinking again about the outdoor leisure visits you have taken in the last 12 months, which of the following places, if any, have you visited at least once? read out list. code places visited in last 12 months Woodland or forest Farmland Local park Other local open space Roadside pavement/track Hills, mountains or moorland River, lake or canal Beach Sea Other coastline Village Other - specify None of these

ASK ALL Q21 Thinking now about the future, which types of outdoor places, if any, would you like to visit or visit more often than you do at the moment? do not read out but code answers appropriately. if not on list, code other and type in verbatim. Woodland or forest Farmland Local park Other local open space Roadside pavement/track Hills, mountains or moorland River, lake or canal Beach Sea Other coastline Village Historic sites (e.g. castles) Gardens Other - specify None of these

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

DEMOGRAPHICS

I’d like to finish by asking you a few questions about you and your household.

D1. Gender Male Female

D2. How old are you? type in enter years of age Refused

[ASK D3 IF D2 = REFUSED] D3.Then can you tell me which age band you fall into? single code. 16 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 to 74 75 to 84 85+ Refused

D4. Which of these ethnic groups do you consider you belong to? single code White Mixed Asian, Asian Welsh or Asian British Black, Black Welsh or Black British Chinese or other ethnic group Refused

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

IF 1 (WHITE) ASK: And which of these ethnic groups do you consider you belong to? if respondents says ‘England or English’, ‘Scotland or Scottish’ or any part of these countries e.g. cornwall, bristol etc, code as ‘other british’. if respondent ways ‘Wales or Welsh, Code as white – welsh.

Welsh Other British Irish Any other white background – specify

IF 2 (MIXED) ASK: And which of these ethnic groups do you consider you belong to? White and Black Caribbean White and Black African White and Asian Any Other Mixed background – specify

IF 3 (ASIAN, ASIAN WELSH OR ASIAN BRITISH) ASK: And which of these ethnic groups do you consider you belong to? Indian Pakistani Bangladeshi Any other Asian background – specify

IF 4 (BLACK, BLACK WELSH OR BLACK BRITISH) ASK: And which of these ethnic groups do you consider you belong to? Caribbean African Any other Black background – specify

IF 5 (CHINESE OR OTHER ETHNIC GROUP) ASK: And which of these ethnic groups do you consider you belong to? Chinese Any other ethnic group – specify

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

D5. What is the highest qualification you have obtained up to now? do not read out. use examples to code into appropriate category. probe for as much detail Not yet finished school – no qualifications Never went to school

Higher Education & professional/vocational equivalents Degree or Degree equivalent, and above Higher degree and postgraduate qualifications First degree (including B.Ed.) Postgraduate Diplomas and Certificates (including PGCE) Professional qualifications at degree level e.g. graduate member of professional institute, chartered accountant or surveyor NVQ or SVQ level 4 or 5

Other Higher Education below degree level Diplomas in higher education & other higher education qualifications HNC, HND, Higher level BTEC Teaching qualifications for schools or further education (below Degree level standard) Nursing, or other medical qualifications not covered above (below Degree level standard) RSA higher diploma

A levels, vocational level 3 & equivalents A level or equivalent AS level SCE Higher, Scottish Certificate Sixth Year Studies or equivalent NVQ or SVQ level 3 GNVQ Advanced or GSVQ level 3 OND, ONC, BTEC National, SCOTVEC National Certificate City & Guilds advanced craft, Part III (& other names) RSA advanced diploma

Trade Apprenticeships

GCSE/O Level grade A*-C (5 or more), vocational level 2 & equivalents NVQ or SVQ level 2, GNVQ intermediate or GSVQ level 2 RSA Diploma, City & Guilds Craft or Part II (& other names) BTEC, SCOTVEC first or general diploma Et level or GCSE grade A-C, SCE Standard or Ordinary grades 1-3

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

GCSE/O Level grade (less than 5 A*-C), other qualifications at level 1 and below NVQ or SVQ level 1, GNVQ Foundation level, GSVQ level 1 GCSE or O level below grade C, SCE Standard or Ordinary below grade 3 CSE below grade 1, BTEC, SCOTVEC first or general certificate SCOTVEC modules, RSA Stage I, II, or III, City and Guilds part 1 Junior certificate

Other qualifications – specify Other vocational or professional or foreign qualifications No qualifications

D6. Is there a car or van normally available for use by you or any members of your household? Include any provided by employers if normally available for private use by you or members of household Yes No

ASK IF D6 = 1 D7. Is there a bicycle normally available for use by you? single code Yes No

D8. Do you, or another member of your household currently own or care for a dog? single code Yes No

D9. Do you have a long-standing illness, disability or infirmity? By longstanding I mean anything that has troubled you over a long period of time or that is likely to affect you over a period of time. Yes No

ASK D10 IF D9 = YES D10. Does this illness or disability limit your activities in any way? Yes No

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

ASK ALL D11. Do you care for, or help to care for, a relative or friend who has a long term limiting illness or disability, including problems due to old age? single code Yes No

D12. Do you have any children under the age of 16, for whose care and/or support you are responsible? single code Yes No

D13. What is your current working status? do not read out but prompt from list as required. Single code 1.Working full-time (30+ hours per week) 2.Working part-time (9 to 29 hours per week) 3.Unemployed – less than 12 months 4.Unemployed (long term) – more than 12 months 5.Not working – retired 6.Not working – looking after house/children 7.Not working – long term sick or disabled 8.Student – in full-time education 9.Student – in part-time education 10.Other 11.Refused

IF D13 = 4. NS-SEC CODE = L14 IF D13 = 8. NS-SEC CODE = L15 IF D13 = REF. NS-SEC CODE = L17

ASK IF D13 = 6, 7, 9 D14a. Have you ever worked? Yes No

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

If D14a = 2. NS-SEC CODE = L14

Occupation of Respondent ask about current job if working full/part-time or previous job if not working but have had a job (including retired) D15A. What does [did] the firm/organisation you work [worked] for mainly make or do (at the place where you work [worked])? describe fully – probe manufacturing or processing or distributing etc and main goods produced, materials used, wholesale or retail etc

D15B. What is [was] your (main) job?

D15C. What do [did] you mainly do in your job? check special qualifications/training needed to do the job

D15D. Are [were] you working as an employee or are you self-employed? single code. nb this is based on respondent’s own assessment of their employment statues in their main job Employee ASK D15E Self-employed GO TO D15F

ASK ALL WHO SAY EMPLOYEE (CODE 1) AT QD15D D15E. In your job do [did] you have any formal responsibility for supervising the work of other employees? single code only. nb do not include supervisors of children (e.g. teachers, nannies or childminders), animals or people who supervise security of buildings only (e.g. caretakers or security guards) Yes No

ASK ALL WHO SAY SELF-EMPLOYED (CODE 2) AT QD15D D15F. Aere [were] you working on your own or do [did] you have employees? On own/with partner(s), but no employees With employees

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

ASK ALL D16. Are you the CHIEF INCOME EARNER, that is the person with the highest income, whether from employment, self-employment, a pension or government benefits? Yes No Don’t know Refused

D17. We want to know if income affects people’s ability to participate in various leisure activities. Is your total household income, that is income from all sources, before tax and other deductions above or below £26,000? if respondent says higher, ask whether income is above or below £42,000 then read out remaining possible income bands. if respondent says lower, then asked whether income is above or below £15,600 then read out remaining possible income bands. single code Up to £5,199 £5,200 to £10,399 £10,400 to £15,599

£15,600 to £20,799 £20,800 to £25,999

£26,000 to £31,199 £31,200 to £36,399 £36,400 to £41,999

£42,000 to £45,999 £46,000 to £49,999 £50,000 to £79,999 £80,000 to £99,999 £100,000 or more Refused Don’t know

Wales Outdoor Recreation Survey 2011 Full report

PART 5 RECONTACT QUESTIONS

RC1. Would you be willing to be re-contacted by telephone at some point in the future, regarding your visits to the outdoors, by the Countryside Council for Wales, the Forestry Commission or a research company working on their behalf?

Yes No

ASK RC2 IF RC1 = YES RC2. Can I please ask for your name? type in name ENTER NAME

Thank you on behalf of TNS Research International, the Countryside Council for Wales and Forestry Commission Wales.