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Dictionary of National Biography Barcham 156 Barclay The of the on having been expelled from his native only manuscripts fragments I country the war are to two manu- ! for the sake of which Trojan appended religion ; statement, sub- if scripts of Lydgate's poem on the same however, cannot be correct, Barclay was in the or ject, one in the Bodleian and the other settled in England by 1508 earlier, up to Cambridge University Library. They have which time no religious disputes had oc- I been printed by the Early English Text So- i curred in Scotland (RrrsoN). Little impor- ' ' ciety. The Legends of the Saints exists I tance attaches to the cavil that, had Barclay in a in the same been a he would have taken more only single manuscript I Scot, ' Cambridge Library. The Legend of St. ! frequent opportunities of singing the praises ' it Horstmann of his land. This not Machar was printed from by | native would have ' in his neue , added to his comfort in Altenglische Legenden, Folge,' England ; moreover, Heilbronn, 1881, and the remainder, along one of his chief patrons, as will be seen, was ' with the fragments of the poem on the Trojan I the victor of Flodden Field. In the Ship of 1 ' war, were published by the same editor at Fools,' however (sec. Of the ruyne, &c. of the in 1882. to ' Heilbronn holy fayth ') occurs, subjoined a specyall exhortacion and lawde ' of a [For the facts of Harbour's life see Exchequer Henry VIII, of vols. ii. and iii. warm tribute to James IV of con- Eolls Scotland, ; Eegistrum Scotland, Episcoparus Aberdonensis, Spalding Society; sisting of several stanzas, one of them an Eymer's Fcedera. Brief memoirs are prefixed acrostic, and including a recommendation to the various editions of the Bruce, and his of a close alliance between the lion and the as a is in Warton's His- position poet estimated unicorn. At the time of their publication, tory of English Poetry, Irving's History of Scot- hardly any one but a Scotchman would have tish and Matzner's Poetry, Altenglische Sprach- indited these stanzas. Lastly, the argument JE. M. proben.] in favour of Barclay's Scottish nationality is still further strengthened the Scottish BARCHAM, JOHN. [See BARKHAM.] by element in his vocabulary. The words in BARCLAY, ALEXANDER (1475?- question are not numerous, but it is difficult 1552), poet, scholar, and divine, was born otherwise to account for their presence about the year 1475. The question whether (JAMIESON, i. xxix-xxx). he was by birth a Scotchman or an English- Possibly Barclay may have first crossed man has been abundantly disputed; Bale says the border with the view of obtaining a uni- ' of him, alii Scotum, alii Anglum fuisse versity education in England, according to ' contendunt (Scriptorum Brytannice Cen- a practice not unusual among his country- turies, ix. 723). But there is no evidence men even in his day (IRVING, 326). He is to support the latter contention. Pits con- conjectured to have been a member of Oriel sidered that Barclay's native district was College, as it would seem solely on the probably Devonshire, apparently on no other ground that he afterwards dedicated his ground than that of his having held prefer- chief literary work to Dr. Cornish, bishop of ment there. Wood adds a DE to his name Tyne (suffragan bishop of Bath and Wells), (for which the occurrence of the same prefix who was provost of Oriel from 1493 to 1507. ' in the Prologe of James Locker, Ship of As a matter of course, we have a suggestion Fools,' ed. Jamieson, i. 9, is hardly a suffi- that Cambridge and not Oxford, and a third cient voucher), and idly supposes him to that Cambridge as well as Oxford, may have have been born at Berkeley in Somerset- been Barclay's university. Warton cites a for ' all shire, which should be read Gloucester- line from Eclogue I,' which at events shire. On the other not do his shows that once visited hand, only Barclay Cambridge ; baptismal name and the spelling of his sur- to this it may be added that in the same ( ' l name primd facie suggest a Scotch origin; Eclogue Trompyngton and good Man- ' but there remains the distinct statement of chester (query Godmanchester, though the a contemporary, Dr. William Bulleyn, who reference may be to Manchester, with which lived many years in the northern counties James Stanley, bishop of Ely, 1506-15, was of England, that 'Bartley' was 'borne be- closely connected) are mentioned among the yonde the colde River of Twede.' In an well-known places of the world. But so earlier publication than that quoted above much familiarity with Cambridge and its (Illmtrium Majoris Britannice Scriptorum neighbourhood might well be acquired by Summarium) Bale introduces Barclay simply an Ely monk. At the one or the other of ' as Scotus and cited the if not at he ;' Holinshed, by Ritson, English universities, both, likewise calls him a Scot. The Scotchman may be assumed to have studied and to have Dempster also claims him as his countryman taken his degrees. In his will he calls him- (Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Scotorum, self doctor of divinity, but where and when i. 106), adding that he lived in England, he took this degree is unknown. Either Barclay 157 Barclay before or after his university career, while clay was a member, was founded in 1337 still ' in he resided at John of Exeter he was youth/ Croydon by Grandisson, bishop ; the 1 in Surrey, of which place repeated mention manor and hundred had been obtained by ' is made in Eclogue I.' him in exchange from, the dean and chapter Barclay's student life had, according to of Rouen, to whom they had been granted ' ' his own testimony in the Ship of Fools by Edward the Confessor. It was here that ' been full of in the (sec. Of unprofytable Stody '), Barclay, 1508, accomplished work to ' ' and it has been that this which he owes his chief the foly ; supposed fame, English ' may have induced him to travel abroad be- verse translation of the Ship of Fools,' first fore his entrance into holy orders (JAMIESON). published by Pynson in December 1509, with a The shepherd Comix, by whom in his dedication by the author to Bishop Cornish 'Eclogues' Barclay evidently, as a rule, on the back of the first leaf. In this dedi- ' designates himself, speaks of Rome, Paris, cation he speaks of the work as meorum Lyons, and Florence as towns which he primicise laborum quaB in lucem eruperunt/ visited among many others, when he saw but he had previously, in 1506, put forth ' the world in his youth. We know of no without his name a book called the Castell authority for Mackenzie's assertion that he of Laboure,' a translation from the French also travelled in the Netherlands and in poet, best known as a dramatist, Pierre ' ' Germany. In any case his years of travel Gringoire's Le Chateau de Labour (1499), must have fallen in a most active period of a moral allegory which, though of no novel the continental Renascence, when English- kind, was speedily reprinted by a second men were freely gathering in the learning publisher. which they were to acclimatise at home. It During his residence at Ottery St. Mary is impossible to determine how much of his Barclaymade some otherfriends and enemies. scholarship Barclay acquired in England. Among the former was a priest, John 'Bishop He seems to have had but a slight acquaint- by name,' his obligations to whom he * ' ance with Greek. Of his knowledge of warmly attests in the Ship of Fools (sec. his ' ' were to furnish * The of a man Latin poets Eclogues descripcion wyse '), gravely evidence of other writers he on his name as that of 'the first ample ; specially playing quotes Seneca. But the monument proper ouersear of this warke.' A certain 'mays- of his Latin scholarship is his translation of ter Kyrkham,' to whose munificence and Sallust's ' Bellum Jugurthinum,' which he condescension he offers a tribute in the ' published at some date unknown in obedi- same poem (sec. Of the extorcion of ence to the wish of the Duke of Norfolk. It Knyghtis '), professing himself, doubtless in ' is prefaced by a dedication to this nobleman, a figurative sense only, his chaplayne and * in which the author speaks of the under- bedeman whyle my lyfe shall endure,' is ' ' standyng of latyn as being at this time with much probability supposed to be Sir almost contemned by gentylmen,' and by a John Kirkham, high sheriff of Devonshire Latin letter, dated from [King's] Hatfield in in the years 1507 and 1523 (see the au- Hertfordshire, to John Veysy, bishop of thorities cited by JAMIESON i. xxxvii, and Exeter. His familiarity with French he cf. as to the family of Kirkham LTSONS, showed by composing for publication in Magna Britannia, part i. ccii-cciii). In the 1521, again at the command of the Duke of same section of the poem he departs from his ' Norfolk, a tractate Introductory to write general practice of abstaining from personal and to pronounce Frenche,' which is men- attacks, in order to inveigh against a fat officer ' ' tioned by Palsgrave in L'Esclaircissement of the law, Mansell of Otery, for powlynge ' de la in 1530. of the elsewhere ' langue Francoise,' printed A pore ; (sec. Inprofytable bokes the of ' ' copy of Barclay's treatise, probably unique, ') parsons Honyngton (Honiton) exists in the Bodleian. and Clyst are glanced at obliquely as time- In the of the sixteenth and and early years century serving sporting clergymen ; to learn- another section the union between clmrchmanship and (' Of hym that nought can less close in than and lerne ' ' ing was still hardly England nought wyll ') an addicion is it was in that group of continental scholars, made for the benefit of eight neighbours of a the among whom Sebastian Brant was already translator's, secondaries (priest-vicars) prominent figure.
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