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Table of Contents Walking the Tartan Tightrope The British Labour Party and the Scottish Question 1974-1979 by Helle Linné Eriksen A Thesis presented to the Department of Literature, Area Studies and European Languages the University of Oslo in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Cand.philol. degree Autumn Term 2006 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To start off, I want to express my sincere thanks to my supervisor, Atle Wold, for taking me on at a fairly late stage in the process, and for his valuable contributions. Heartfelt gratitude goes to my parents, Agnete and Tore Linné Eriksen, for always being there for me, in so many ways. I am deeply indebted to Sylvi Rørvik for providing the 24/7 grammar hotline, and for the many laughs together which have made this process a lot more enjoyable! I am grateful also to Heidi Løken for technical assistance far, far beyond the call of duty. This thesis has been read in draft by Ketil Gjølme Andersen; his comments have been a true source of inspiration. Marit Wilhelmsen, Ingrid Marie Kielland, Margrethe Vik and Maren Laurhammer Gilje – thanks for cheering me on! Without the flexibility of John Oakland at NTNU, I would never have been able to write this thesis in the first place. I would also like to thank the wonderful staff at the Labour History Archives and Study Centre in Manchester. Finally, my greatest debt is to my husband Kyrre Linné Kausrud for making me believe in myself and encouraging me all the way, and to my two lovely children Ylva and Tormod for tolerating my absences whilst at the word processor and in British archives, and for the many hugs and kisses of support! ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.................................................................................................................................. ii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS............................................................................................................................... v 1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................. 1 THE CHOSEN TOPIC.............................................................................................................................................. 1 SOURCES AND LITERATURE................................................................................................................................. 4 THE NARRATIVE STRUCTURE.............................................................................................................................. 6 2. BACKGROUND: SETTING THE SCENE.................................................................................................... 7 THE ADMINISTRATION OF SCOTLAND.................................................................................................................. 7 THE LABOUR PARTY IN SCOTLAND..................................................................................................................... 9 THE CHALLENGE FROM THE SNP ...................................................................................................................... 11 3. THE TURNING POINT................................................................................................................................. 13 THE LABOUR PARTY AND DEVOLUTION IN THE 1960S...................................................................................... 13 THE ROYAL COMMISSION ON THE CONSTITUTION ............................................................................................ 16 THE IMPACT OF THE SCOTTISH TRADES UNION CONGRESS ON THE DEVOLUTION POLICY................................ 19 THE EARLY 1970S............................................................................................................................................. 21 THE KILBRANDON COMMISSION REPORTS........................................................................................................ 23 THE GOVAN BY-ELECTION ............................................................................................................................... 25 THE FEBRUARY GENERAL ELECTION AND ITS AFTERMATH.............................................................................. 25 THE TARTAN CURTAIN FELL............................................................................................................................. 31 4. BACKGROUND: THE CONCEPT OF DEVOLUTION............................................................................ 35 DEVOLUTION DEFINED ..................................................................................................................................... 35 MAIN ISSUES IN THE DEVOLUTION DEBATE...................................................................................................... 36 5. THE PARLIAMENT YEARS........................................................................................................................ 39 A CHANGE OF VENUE ....................................................................................................................................... 39 THE 1974-1979 PARLIAMENTS.......................................................................................................................... 39 INSIDE THE CABINETT ......................................................................................................................................... 41 LABOUR OUTSIDE PARLIAMENT ........................................................................................................................ 42 THE 1975 WHITE PAPER ................................................................................................................................... 45 THE SLP SPLIT.................................................................................................................................................. 48 CHANGES WITHIN LABOUR............................................................................................................................... 50 THE SCOTLAND AND WALES BILL .................................................................................................................... 51 Opposition From Within the Party .............................................................................................................. 52 The Bill Came Tumbling Down ................................................................................................................... 53 Reactions to the Fall.................................................................................................................................... 55 THE SCOTLAND BILL ........................................................................................................................................ 56 Criticism from the Left................................................................................................................................. 60 Claiming The Will of the Scottish People .................................................................................................... 62 Economy and Centralism............................................................................................................................. 63 The West Lothian Question.......................................................................................................................... 64 The Amendments.......................................................................................................................................... 64 6. BACKGROUND: NATIONALISM AND IDENTITY................................................................................ 68 DIFFERENT CONTEXTS, DIFFERENT DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................. 68 THE SCOTTISH CONTEXT .................................................................................................................................. 71 7. THE REFERENDUM CAMPAIGN ............................................................................................................. 75 THE BATTLEFIELD ............................................................................................................................................ 75 THE COMBATANTS............................................................................................................................................ 78 THE SNP AND DEVOLUTION ............................................................................................................................. 81 iii THE PRESS ........................................................................................................................................................ 83 THE CAMPAIGN WEEKS .................................................................................................................................... 86 Public Opinion............................................................................................................................................. 87 Anti-devolution Labour................................................................................................................................88 THE MAIN ISSUES OF THE CAMPAIGN ............................................................................................................... 90 The Party Broadcasts .................................................................................................................................. 90 The Regional Divide...................................................................................................................................
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