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Evidence Summary THE EVIDENCE – OF – Effectiveness AUGUST 2021 Summary of Evaluations & Studies Cure Violence is ranked 9th in NGO Advisor's 2021 report on the top NGOs in the world, and 1st among NGOs devoted to preventing violence. 2 CURE VIOLENCE Table of Contents Background ........................................................................4 Summary of Evaluations & Studies ............................6 Independent Evaluations Cali, Colombia (2020) ........................................................................................ 8 Cali, Colombia (2020) ........................................................................................ 8 Port of Spain, Trinidad (2018) ........................................................................... 9 New York City #2 (2018) ..................................................................................10 Philadelphia (2017) ..........................................................................................12 Chicago #2 (2015) ...........................................................................................13 New York City #1 (2013) ..................................................................................14 Baltimore (2012) ..............................................................................................15 Chicago #1 (2009) ...........................................................................................16 Scientific Studies & Reports* San Pedro Sula, Honduras (2018) ...................................................................18 Loiza (Puerto Rico) (2016) ..............................................................................18 Halifax, Canada (2016) ....................................................................................19 San Salvador, El Salvador (2016) ....................................................................19 Baltimore (2016) ..............................................................................................19 New Orleans (2016) .........................................................................................20 Baltimore (2016) ..............................................................................................20 New York City (2015) .......................................................................................21 Kansas City (2014) ...........................................................................................21 Cape Town, South Africa (2014) .....................................................................22 Impact Simulation ............................................................................................22 Intervention Adaptations* Prison (UK) (2016)............................................................................................23 Rapid Deployment (Chicago) (2016) ...............................................................24 Domestic Violence (Chicago) (2016) ..............................................................24 Hospital (Chicago) (2014) ...............................................................................25 School (Chicago) (2009) ..................................................................................25 Endorsements ................................................................. 26 Return on Investment ................................................... 30 * Additional reports from Iraq, Morocco, Syria, and USA will added to an update planned for July 2021 3 THE HEALTH APPROACH THE APPROACH THAT HAS COME TO PROMINENCE ure Violence Global (CVG) pioneered Latin America. In some cases, killings a community health approach to and shootings drop by 90% and retaliation Cpreventing violence over 20 years ago killings stop completely. These evaluations because it saw the existing paradigm as also document other positive effects, both ineffective and toxic. including increased feelings of community "The approach safety, positive parenting outcomes, that will come to CVG’s public health approach views improved employment and education violence through an epidemiological lens, outcomes, changes in community norms prominence" as a learned, transmissible behavior, about violence, among others, as occurs - The Economist which can be interrupted. CVG trains with many public health innovations. carefully selected community partners and local credible messengers to detect CVG’s health-based approach not only and interrupt conflict, promote safer and reduces and prevents violence, it also healthier behaviors and life directions builds local capacity and promotes social among high-risk individuals, and build and economic growth. Additionally, a core healthy social norms. part of the approach involves connecting high risk individuals with resources for job The approach's efficacy has been readiness, education, and health services. demonstrated through independently funded and independently conducted Now is the time for transformative multi-year, multi-site, mixed methods investment in the public health approach to scientific evaluations that show 40-70% violence prevention. CVG is positioned to reductions in shootings and killings in the help ensure that communities can achieve hardest hit communities in the U.S. and maximum results and impact. 4 THE CURE VIOLENCE MODEL THE MODEL USES PROVEN PUBLIC HEALTH METHODS TO STOP THE SPREAD OF VIOLENCE. he Cure Violence model is based Mobilize the Community to on the World Health Organization’s 3 Change Norms. Tapproach to reversing the epidemic Workers engage community leaders, local spread of infectious diseases such as AIDS, business owners, residents, faith leaders, tuberculosis, and cholera. The model applies and particularly individuals at high risk, to these same three proven strategies to stop shift the message, expectations, and norms violence. Trained, culturally appropriate around violence for the long term. workers interrupt the transmission of violence, prevent its future spread, and CREDIBLE WORKERS transform community norms. Public health outreach regularly employs workers who share the same background The model has been successfully replicated and come from the same neighborhood in diverse settings, proving its effectiveness as those who need to be reached—in across a variety of communities, cultures, this case those most at risk for violence. and ethnicities. Cure Violence hires and trains violence interrupters and outreach workers who THREE STRATEGIES already have the trust of community Detect and Interrupt Potentially members and are able to influence and 1 Violent Conflicts. change behavior. Violence interrupters are a new category of health workers who prevent violence by THE identifying and mediating potentially lethal conflicts in the community and following up Cure Violence to ensure conflict does not reignite. Theory of Change Identify and Treat Individuals 2 at the Highest Risk. Outreach workers help those at the highest risk Stop Interrupt violent events to steer them away from violence by talking transmission before they in their terms, discussing the costs of using happen violence, and helping them to obtain support and social services (e.g., education, job training, drug treatment) to foster long term behavior change and changes in life course. Identify and change the Reduce number Reduced thinking of highest of violent violence potential individuals transmitters Create Change social pressure community to stop norms violence 5 Summary of Independent Evaluations on Cure Violence MAJOR OTHER RESEARCH BY YEAR FINDINGS FINDINGS (FUNDER) Cali 30% - 47% 40% ICESI University 2020 reduction in participants went back (Alvaralice, Cali) (Colombia) killings to school Port of Spain 45% 39% Arizona State 2018 reduction in reduction in University (Trinidad) violent crime shootings (IADB) New York City 63% 33% John Jay College 2018 reduction in positive shift of Criminal Justice (USA) killings in norms (RWJF, NYC) Philadelphia 30% 2.4 Temple 2017 reduction in shootings University (USA) shootings prevented per month (DOJ) University of Chicago 31% 19% Illinois & University 2015 reduction in reduction in (USA) of Chicago killings shootings (McCormick Fdn.) New York City 20% Center for Court 2013 reduction in norm change Innovation (USA) shootings (DOJ) Baltimore 56% 34% Johns Hopkins 2012 reduction in reduction in University (USA) killings shootings (CDC) Chicago 41% -73% 100% Northwestern 2009 reduction in reduction in University (USA) shootings retaliation killings (DOJ) * Some studies were excluded from the summary table because either they did not evaluate a site (simulation) or did not produce a substantive report. 6 Summary of Studies & Reports on Cure Violence MAJOR OTHER YEAR RESEARCH BY FINDINGS FINDINGS San Pedro Sula 94% 80% 2018 reduction in reduction in Cure Violence (Honduras) shootings shootings Loiza, Puerto 58% 38% University of 2016 Rico reduction in reduction in Puerto Rico (USA) killings total crime Halifax 100% Successful Dalhousie 2016 reduction in adaptation University (Canada) killings San Salvador 64% 2.4 Save the 2016 of clients say violent shootings Children (El Salvador) behavior has dropped prevented per month Baltimore 43% Overall improvement in Johns Hopkins 2016 improvement in attitudes University (USA) violence norms New Orleans 56% 85% City of 2016 reduction in reduction in New Orleans (USA) shootings retaliation killings Baltimore 43% 47% Johns Hopkins 2016 reduction in reduction in University (USA) shootings killings New York 18% 69% John Jay College 2015 reduction in increase in control of
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