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Why Peace Fails in Guinea Bissau? a Political Economy Analysis of the ECOWAS-Brokered Conakry Accord
d Secur n ity a e S c e a r i e e s P FES SENEGAL GUINEA-BISSAU NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN GUINEA Habibu Yaya Bappah Why Peace Fails in Guinea Bissau? A Political Economy Analysis of the ECOWAS-brokered Conakry Accord SENEGAL GUINEA-BISSAU NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN GUINEA Habibu Yaya Bappah Why Peace Fails in Guinea Bissau? A Political Economy Analysis of the ECOWAS-brokered Conakry Accord About the author Dr Habibu Yaya Bappah is a full time Lecturer in the Department of Political Science/International Studies at Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria. His teaching and research interests are in regional integration, regional security and governance, human rights, democracy and development with a particular focus on the African Union and ECOWAS. He has had stints and research fellowships in the Department of Political Affairs, Peace and Security at the ECOWAS Commission and in the African Union Peace & Security Programme at the Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia. He is an alumnus of the African Leadership Centre (ALC) at King’s College London. Imprint Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Peace and Security Centre of Competence Sub-Saharan Africa Point E, boulevard de l’Est, Villa n°30 P.O. Box 15416 Dakar-Fann, Senegal Tel.: +221 33 859 20 02 Fax: +221 33 864 49 31 Email: [email protected] www.fes-pscc.org ©Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung 2017 Layout : Green Eyez Design SARL, www.greeneyezdesign.com ISBN : 978-2-490093-01-4 “Commercial use of all media published by the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) is not permitted without the written consent of the FES. -
Guinea-Bissau
Guinea-Bissau Official Title: Republic of Guinea-Bissau General Information: Capital Bissau Population (million) 1.815n/a Total Area 36,120 km² Currency 1 CAN$=426.984 Franc CFA (XOF) (2020 - Annual average) National Holiday 24 September Language(s) Portuguese, Guinea-Bissau Creole, other languages. Political Information: Type of State Republic Type of Government Unicameral National People's Assembly composed of 100 members. Bilateral Product trade Canada - Guinea-Bissau 0.35 0.3 Balance 0.25 Can. Head of State Head of Government 0.2 Exports Prime Minister President 0.15 Can. Aristides Gomes Imports Jose Mario Vaz Millions 0.1 Total 0.05 Trade Ministers: Foreign Affairs: João Ribeiro ButiamCó 0 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Statistics Canada Main Political Parties Canadian Imports African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC), Party for Social Renewal (PRS), United Social Democratic Party (PUSD), Union for Change (UM), New from: Guinea-Bissau Democracy Party (PND) V ehicles and Equip. Base M etal Prod. M ach. M ech. Elec. Prod. Chemical Prod. Veg. Prod. Elections: Last:n/a May 2014 (Legislative), May 2014 (Presidential). Next: November2018 Specialized Inst. (Legislative), 2019 (presidential). 2020 Glass & Stone Prod. Statistics Canada Economic Information: (2020) IMF (estimates) Guinea-Bissau Canada GDP: (billion) $1.89n/a $2,162.38 Canadian Exports GDP per capita: $1,039.31n/a $56,945.03 to: Guinea-Bissau GDP Growth rate: (%) -2.40n/a -5.40 M ach. M ech. Elec. Prod. Inflation: (%) 1.46n/a 0.72 V ehicles and Equip. Unemployment: (%) n/a 9.60 Base M etal Prod. -
Religious Diversity and the Number of Religious Parties Around the World
Religious Diversity and the Number of Religious Parties Around the World Raymond, C. (2018). Religious Diversity and the Number of Religious Parties Around the World. Paper presented at European Consortium for Political Research General Conference, Hamburg, Germany. Document Version: Other version Queen's University Belfast - Research Portal: Link to publication record in Queen's University Belfast Research Portal Publisher rights Copyright 2018 The Author. General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Queen's University Belfast Research Portal is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The Research Portal is Queen's institutional repository that provides access to Queen's research output. Every effort has been made to ensure that content in the Research Portal does not infringe any person's rights, or applicable UK laws. If you discover content in the Research Portal that you believe breaches copyright or violates any law, please contact [email protected]. Download date:26. Sep. 2021 Religious Diversity and the Number of Religious Parties Around the World Christopher D. Raymond Lecturer in Politics Queen’s University Belfast [email protected] Key Words Religious parties; religious diversity; religious markets; party system fragmentation; social cleavages Abstract Arguing that religious diversity creates incentives for political cooperation, recent research questions the assumption that religious diversity leads to more fragmented party systems and finds a negative association between religious diversity and the fragmentation of vote shares. -
Guinea Bissau Conflict Insight
PEACE & SECURITY REPORT Vol. 1 July 2019 GUINEA BISSAU CONFLICT INSIGHT ABOUT THE REPORT The purpose of this report is to provide analysis and recommendations to assist the African Union (AU), Regional Economic Communities (RECs), Member States and Development Partners in decision making and in the implementation of peace and www.ipss-addis.org/publications security-related instruments. IPSS PEACE & SECURITY REPORT CONTENTS SITUATION ANALYSIS 2 CAUSES OF THE CONFLICT 4 ACTORS 7 DYNAMICS OF THE CONFLICT 9 RESPONSES 12 SCENARIOS 13 STRATEGIC OPTIONS 14 REFERENCES 15 GUINEA BISSAU CONFLICT TIMELINE (1974 - 2018) 16 CONTRIBUTORS Dr. Mesfin Gebremichael (Editor in Chief) Ms. Elshaddai Mesfin (Author) Ms. Alem Kidane Ms. Tigist Kebede Feyissa Ms. Tsion Belay EDITING, DESIGN & LAYOUT Michelle Mendi Muita (Editor) Abel B Ayalew (Design & Layout) © 2018 Institute for Peace and Security Studies | Addis Ababa University. All rights reserved. 1 GUINEA BISSAU CONFLICT INSIGHT SITUATION ANALYSIS PO G LI P DP FE U P E L E X A R P T E I A C O P T N I A T N A C Y 1.9M $1.529 51.3 A T B I R T H ( ) Y S E R A HU NE RE M IG Cs A H N B O D U E R V S Figure 1: Country profile E Guinea Index: 0.420 L ECOWAS and demographics (2018) O Conakry Rank: 179/189 P CEN-SAD M Senegal i Sources: Human Development E N Index(HDI), 2018, available at T I N http://hdr.undp.org/sites/all/themes/ D ) E I X D ( H hdr_theme/country-notes/GNB.pdf Guinea Bissau is a country located on the coast of West is essential to achieving economic growth. -
Guinea-Bissau
Polity IV Country Report 2010: Guinea-Bissau Score: 2009 2010 Change Polity: 6 6 0 Democ: 7 7 0 Autoc: 1 1 0 Durable: 5 Tentative: Yes SCODE GNB CCODE 404 Date of Report 1 June 2011 Polity IV Component Variables XRREG XRCOMP XROPEN XCONST PARREG PARCOMP 2 2 4 6 3 4 Date of Most Recent Polity Transition (3 or more point change) End Date 30 September 2005 Begin Date 1 October 2005 Polity Fragmentation: No Constitution 1999 President Malam Bacai Sanhá (PAIGC); directly elected 28 June and 26 July 2009, 37.5% and 63.3% Executive(s) Prime Minister Carlos Gomes Junior (PAIGC); appointed by the president on 25 December 2008 Unicameral: People’s National Assembly (100 seats; directly elected; most recent elections, 16 November 2008) Legislature African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC): 67 Party for Social Renewal (PRS): 28 Other parties: 5 Judiciary Supreme Court Narrative Description:1 Executive Recruitment: Transitional or Restricted Elections (7) For much of the past decade Guinea-Bissau has struggled to recover from the collapse of central governance following ex-President João Bernardo Vieira’s attempt to remove his chief of staff, General Ansumane Mané, from office in June 1998. Amidst widespread civil violence President Vieira was finally ousted from power by troops loyal to Mane in May 1999. The military junta named National Assembly Speaker Maladan Bacai Sanhá (PAIGC) Interim President and established a timetable for the return of democratic governance. Six candidates competed in the presidential elections held in November 1999. 1 The research described in this report was sponsored by the Political Instability Task Force (PITF). -
Guinea-Bissau
COUNTRY GENDER PROFILE Guinea- Bissau QUALITY ASSURANCE AND RESULTS DEPARTMENT GENDER AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT MONITORING DIVISION (ORQR.4) The Country Gender Profile for Guinea Bissau is the product of strong collaboration between the Government of Guinea Bissau, the African Development Bank (AfDB) and the UN Women-Bissau. The publication was prepared under the guidance of the Director of the Department of Quality Assurance and Results on the Bank side. Marc Kouakou and Yannis Arvanitis (from the AfDB), and Laetitia Kayisire (from UN Women) were co-task managers of this report. We especially acknowledge the contributions of chief writer Kathleen Barnett (International consultant funded by the Portuguese Trust Fund). We would like to recognise the special role of Caterina Gomes Viegas from UNIOGBIS and Samba Tenem Camara national consultant. For questions about this document, please contact: Mr. Simon Mizrahi Mr. Ndongo Mamadou Lamine Director ORQR, Resident Representative AfDB SNFO, AfDB Mr. Koffi Marc Kouakou Mr. Yannis Arvanitis Principal Statistician-Economist Principal Country Economist on Gender, ORQR.4, AfDB SNFO, AfDB Ms. Kathleen Barnett Ms. Marie Laetitia Kayisire Consultant, AfDB Program Coordinator UN Women-Bissau Copyright © 2015 African Development Bank Group All rights reserved. Edited November 2014 Published October 2015. AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP COUNTRY GENDER PROFILE: GUINEA-BISSAU This document was prepared by the Quality Assurance and Results Department at the African Development Bank. Designations employed in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the African Development Bank concerning the legal status of any country or territory African Development Bank Immeuble CCIA - Avenue Jean-Paul II - 01 B.P. -
Report on Developments in Guinea-Bissau and The
United Nations S/2017/111 Security Council Distr.: General 7 February 2017 Original: English Report of the Secretary-General on developments in Guinea-Bissau and the activities of the United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Guinea-Bissau I. Introduction 1. The present report is submitted pursuant to Security Council resolution 2267 (2016), by which the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Guinea-Bissau (UNIOGBIS) until 28 February 2017 and requested me to report every six months on the situation in Guinea-Bissau and on progress made in the implementation of the resolution and the mandate of UNIOGBIS. The report also provides an update on key political, security, human rights, socioeconomic and humanitarian developments in Guinea-Bissau since my report of 2 August 2016 (S/2016/675). II. Major developments A. Political situation 2. The political situation in Guinea-Bissau continued to be dominated by the protracted political impasse in the country and by regional and international efforts to find a sustainable solution. A high-level delegation from the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), led by the President of Guinea, Alpha Condé, in his capacity as ECOWAS Mediator for Guinea-Bissau, visited Bissau on 10 September. He was accompanied by the President of Sierra Leone, Ernest Bai Koroma, the Ministers for Foreign Affairs of Liberia and Sierra Leone, Marjon Vashti Kamara and Samura M.W. Kamara, and the President of the ECOWAS Commission, Marcel de Souza. The delegation held consultations with national political stakeholders, including the President, José Mário Vaz, the Speaker of the National Assembly, Cipriano Cassamá, the Prime Minister, Baciro Dja, representatives of the five parties with parliamentary seats and the group of 15 parliamentarians who had been expelled from the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cabo Verde (PAIGC). -
Report of the Secretary-General
United Nations S/2019/696 Security Council Distr.: General 29 August 2019 Original: English Progress made with regard to the stabilization and restoration of constitutional order in Guinea-Bissau Report of the Secretary-General I. Introduction 1. The present report, submitted pursuant to paragraph 33 of Security Council resolution 2458 (2019), is my fifth report on the progress made with regard to the stabilization and restoration of constitutional order in Guinea-Bissau. It provides an update on relevant developments since my previous report, of 28 August 2018 (S/2018/791), and includes recommendations on the continuation of the sanctions regime in the post-electoral environment, in line with paragraph 12 of resolution 2048 (2012). 2. In fulfilment of the request from the Security Council in its resolution, the Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs undertook an assessment, in consultation with the United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Guinea - Bissau (UNIOGBIS). The key findings are set out below. II. Key findings 3. Since my previous report, there have been encouraging signs of progress towards addressing the political impasse in Guinea-Bissau, following considerable regional and international mediation and facilitation efforts. For the first time since the country’s independence in 1974, a President was able to complete a full term in office. According to the Constitution of Guinea-Bissau, the presidential term of José Mário Vaz ended on 23 June 2019. Despite the end of his constitutional mandate, Mr. Vaz will remain in office, albeit with reduced powers, until the holding of the presidential election, set for 24 November 2019. Meanwhile, the twice-postponed legislative elections were held peacefully on 10 March 2019 and deemed credible by international observers. -
Security Council Distr.: General 19 August 2019
United Nations S/2019/664 Security Council Distr.: General 19 August 2019 Original: English Developments in Guinea-Bissau and the activities of the United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Guinea-Bissau Report of the Secretary-General I. Introduction 1. The present report is submitted pursuant to Security Council resolution 2458 (2019), by which the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Guinea-Bissau (UNIOGBIS) until 28 February 2020 and requested that I report every six months on the situation in Guinea-Bissau and on progress made in the implementation of the resolution. The report also provides an update on key political, security, human rights and socioeconomic developments in Guinea-Bissau since my report of 7 February 2019 (S/2019/115). II. Major developments A. Political situation 2. Despite a difficult preparatory process, as highlighted in my previous report, the twice-delayed legislative elections took place on 10 March 2019 and were deemed credible by international electoral observers from the African Union, the Community of Portuguese-speaking Countries, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America. However, renewed tensions marked the aftermath of the legislative elections. The Group of Five international partners represented in Guinea-Bissau (the African Union, the Community of Portuguese-speaking Countries, ECOWAS, the European Union and the United Nations) continued to engage and encourage the country’s political actors to seek solutions within the framework of the Constitution of Guinea-Bissau and the rule of law. -
Electoral Democratization in Post-Civil War Guinea-Bissau 1999-2008
Electoral Democratisation in Post-Civil War Guinea-Bissau 1999–2008 DISCUSSION PAPER 66 ELECTORAL DEMOCRATISATION IN POST-CIVIL WAR GUINEA-BISSAU 1999–2008 LARS RUDEBECK NORDISKA AFRIKAINSTITUTET, UPPSALA 2011 Indexing terms: Guinea-Bissau Post-conflict reconstruction Democratization Elections Political parties Political participation Democracy Political conditions Economic conditions The opinions expressed in this volume are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of Nordiska Afrikainstitutet. Language checking: Peter Colenbrander ISSN 1104-8417 ISBN 978-91-7106-706-7 © The author and Nordiska Afrikainstitutet 2011 Production: Byrå4 Print on demand, Lightning Source UK Ltd. Electoral Democratisation in Post-Civil War Guinea-Bissau 1999–2008 Contents Foreword .............................................................................................................................................................5 Acronyms ...........................................................................................................................................................6 Electoral democratisation: an introductory overview ........................................................................7 Democracy, democratisation and development ..................................................................................7 Breakdown and subsequent ‘normality’ in Guinea-Bissau, 1998–2006 .......................................9 War, transition and return to constitutional democracy, 1998–2000 .......................................9 -
Monthly Forecast
September 2019 Monthly Forecast 1 Overview Overview 2 In Hindsight: Security Council Reform 3 Status Update since our Russia has the Security Council presidency in mandate of UNSMIL in Libya, which expires on August Forecast September. It plans to have two ministerial-lev- 15 September. Ahead of the adoption, briefings by el debates during the high-level week of the UN the Special Representative and head of UNSMIL, 5 Yemen General Assembly in late September. The first will Ghassan Salamé, and the chair of the 1970 Libya 7 Libya be on cooperation between the UN and Regional Sanctions Committee, Deputy Permanent Repre- 9 Syria Organisations, with a focus on the role of the Col- sentative of Germany Ambassador Jürgen Schulz, 10 Peacekeeping lective Security Treaty Organization, the Shanghai are anticipated. Other African issues this month Operations Cooperation Organization, and the Common- include briefings and consultations on the mis- 11 Afghanistan wealth of Independent States. The other debate will sions in Guinea-Bissau and South Sudan. 13 Guinea-Bissau be on peace and security in Africa. Russian foreign A review of the mandate of the UN Investiga- minister Sergey Lavrov is expected to preside, and tive Team to Promote Accountability for Crimes 14 South Sudan the Secretary-General may brief, at both debates. Committed by Da’esh/ISIL is also anticipated in 16 Colombia The Council is also expected to have its com- September. 17 Iraq prehensive annual briefing on the reform ofUN Other Middle East issues that will be consid- 18 Cooperation between peacekeeping from Under-Secretary-General for ered in September include: the UN and Regional Peace Operations Jean-Pierre Lacroix, followed • Middle East (Israel/Palestine), the regular Organisations by a debate. -
Research Report 1
MULTIPARTY DEMOCRACY IN MOZAMBIQUE: STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES AND CHALLENGES ––––––––––––– ❑ ––––––––––––– Published with the assistance of OSISA ISBN 1-920095-03-9 Edited by 9781920 095031 Adriano Nuvunga Order from: [email protected] EISA RESEARCH REPORT No 14 EISA RESEARCH REPORT NO 14 i MULTIPARTY DEMOCRACY IN MOZAMBIQUE: STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES AND CHALLENGES ii EISA RESEARCH REPORT NO 14 EISA RESEARCH REPORT NO 14 iii MULTIPARTY DEMOCRACY IN MOZAMBIQUE: STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES AND CHALLENGES EDITED BY ADRIANO NUVUNGA 2005 iv EISA RESEARCH REPORT NO 14 Published by EISA 2nd Floor, The Atrium 41 Stanley Avenue, Auckland Park Johannesburg, South Africa 2006 P O Box 740 Auckland Park 2006 South Africa Tel: 27 11 482 5495 Fax: 27 11 482 6163 Email: [email protected] www.eisa.org.za ISBN: 1-920095-03-9 EISA All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of EISA. First published 2005 EISA is a non-partisan organisation which seeks to promote democratic principles, free and fair elections, a strong civil society and good governance at all levels of Southern African society. –––––––––––– ❑ –––––––––––– Cover photograph: Yoruba Beaded Sashes Reproduced with the kind permission of Hamill Gallery of African Art, Boston, MA USA EISA Research Report, No. 14 EISA RESEARCH REPORT NO 14 v CONTENTS List of acronyms vii Preface ix Executive summary xi Electoral system xii Electoral administration xii Gender and democracy xiii Good governance xiii 1. Background to elections in Mozambique 1 2.