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Urban Densification of Informal Settlements in Lima, Peru - Study Case of Vallecito Alto in Lima, Peru

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https://lib.uliege.be https://matheo.uliege.be Urban Densification of Informal Settlements in Lima, Peru - Study Case of Vallecito Alto in Lima, Peru Auteur : Meus, Michel Promoteur(s) : Teller, Jacques Faculté : Faculté des Sciences appliquées Diplôme : Master en ingénieur civil architecte, à finalité spécialisée en ingénierie architecturale et urbaine Année académique : 2020-2021 URI/URL : http://hdl.handle.net/2268.2/11212 Avertissement à l'attention des usagers : Tous les documents placés en accès ouvert sur le site le site MatheO sont protégés par le droit d'auteur. Conformément aux principes énoncés par la "Budapest Open Access Initiative"(BOAI, 2002), l'utilisateur du site peut lire, télécharger, copier, transmettre, imprimer, chercher ou faire un lien vers le texte intégral de ces documents, les disséquer pour les indexer, s'en servir de données pour un logiciel, ou s'en servir à toute autre fin légale (ou prévue par la réglementation relative au droit d'auteur). Toute utilisation du document à des fins commerciales est strictement interdite. Par ailleurs, l'utilisateur s'engage à respecter les droits moraux de l'auteur, principalement le droit à l'intégrité de l'oeuvre et le droit de paternité et ce dans toute utilisation que l'utilisateur entreprend. Ainsi, à titre d'exemple, lorsqu'il reproduira un document par extrait ou dans son intégralité, l'utilisateur citera de manière complète les sources telles que mentionnées ci-dessus. Toute utilisation non explicitement autorisée ci-avant (telle que par exemple, la modification du document ou son résumé) nécessite l'autorisation préalable et expresse des auteurs ou de leurs ayants droit. Urban Densification of Informal Settlements in Lima, Peru Study Case of Vallecito Alto in Lima, Peru University of Liège – Faculty of Applied Sciences Academic Year 2019-2020 Final Year Research carried out with a view to obtain the Master of Science (MSc) in Architectural Engineering Author: MEUS Michel Promoter: Jacques Teller ABSTRACT According to the international literature, numerous studies have been made on the urban process of expansion, several studies on the densification processes in formal settlements and very few ones focused on the densification in informal settlements. Indeed, it seems that the urban process of densification taking place in informal settlements has never been clearly understood and seems to be difficult to analyse. Hence, through different approaches, the following work focuses on the urban densification processes, taking place in informal settlements in Global South. More precisely, it highlights the urbanistic problems and relations between urban densification and its associated factors (population growth, policies…) in the informal settlements of Lima in Peru. Divided into different approaches including some fieldwork, this work will present the theoretical concepts related to the subject of urban densification. It will focus as well on analysis of existing data and, finally it will bring complementary information from personal data collected onsite. It will highlight the urban densification trends in the last decades in informal settlements like Vallecito Alto and at different levels, from the metropolitan level to the settlement level, therefore showing that the urban tissue tends to be denser in the metropolitan region of Lima. It will also reveal that, when looking at different scales, the urban densification trends tend to vary from one place to another, especially for peripheral districts like Villa Maria del Triunfo where urban densification is taking place but is dominated by urban sprawl, mostly characterised by land invasions. Even if this research generally enables a better understanding of the densification process in informal settlements, and that some densification trends could be stressed for the analysed study case, it also brings other questions about the way in which densification takes place in other parts of the world. 1 CHRONOLOGY OF THE PROJECT 17 February 2020 Arrival in Lima Arrival at PUCP and meeting with members of the CIAC 18 February 2020 First data collection about Lima Meeting with Marta members of the CIAC to discuss the 24 February 2020 study case area, persons to contact, deadlines. 01 March – 03 Participation in the International Seminar/Workshop March 2020 Limapolis 2020 First meeting with locals in the studied neighbourhood of 13 March 2020 Vallecito Alto 16 March 2020 Beginning of COVID-19 emergency quarantine 3 & 4 June 2020 Interviews 15 August 2020 Return to Belgium 7 September Presentation of the project 2020 6 January 2021 Submission of the thesis ABBREVIATIONS Full name Abbreviation Hectares ha Informal Settlements IS José Carlos Mariategui JCM Lima Metropolitana (Lima-Callao) LM National Geographic Institute IGN National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (Peru) INEI New Urban Peripheries NUPs Pontifical Catholic University of Peru PUCP Research Centre of Architecture and the City CIAC United Nations Human Settlements Programme UN-Habitat Vallecito Alto VA Villa Maria del Triunfo VMT 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work is the achievement of several years of study. It has been an incredible learning opportunity, a chance of unforgettable human encounters and an experience full of inspiring discoveries. All of these pushed me, despite the worldwide sanitary crisis, to learn more about the others and myself. This thesis would not have been possible without the help of many people. First, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, the Professor Teller, who guided me through the whole process and allowed me to experience this work abroad. Thanks to his connections at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, he made it possible for me to travel abroad to learn new urbanism problematics and discover a new culture. Secondly, I am deeply thankful to all the members of the CIAC department of the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru for their collaboration. Especially Marta Vilela Malpartida, professor at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, who welcomed me, assessed me and advised me during my stay. She gave me the appropriate contacts and necessary documentation to proceed to a proper investigation. Of course, this thesis would not be complete without the participation of the interviewed citizens and actors of Vallecito Alto. I am particularly thankful to the Padre Juan Febrero who also permitted me to access the site and meet different involved actors. The following investigation abroad was also made possible thanks to the financial support of the Academy of Research and Higher Education of the Wallonia-Brussels Federation (“Académie de recherche et d'enseignement supérieur de la Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles”) in the context of its development cooperation. Then I personally want to thank my family and friends (the new ones too) for their support, decisional and emotional, especially during the rough time of the pandemic. This work and stay abroad have proved to be a worthwhile experience thanks to all the help and support of all the people I met, including those not mentioned here. 3 Finally, I dedicate this work to the inhabitants of Vallecito Alto, as well as all the other citizens of informal settlements, hoping to contribute to a profitable and sustainable development of the amazing city of Lima. Michel Meus 4 TABLE OF CONTENT ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................. 1 CHRONOLOGY OF THE PROJECT ....................................................................... 2 ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................... 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................... 3 TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................................. 5 LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................. 8 LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................. 10 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 11 I. STATE OF THE ART ......................................................................................... 13 1.1. Concepts & definitions ................................................................................. 13 1.1.1. Urban densification ............................................................................... 13 1.1.2. Population density ................................................................................. 16 1.1.3. Urban expansion and sprawl................................................................. 16 1.1.4. Informal settlements and informality ..................................................... 18 1.1.5. Growth of informal settlements ............................................................. 22 1.1.6. Other concepts ...................................................................................... 26 1.2. Conclusion of the state of the art ................................................................. 26 II. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................... 27 2.1. Overall Methodology .................................................................................... 27 2.2. Choice of the studied area ..........................................................................
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    Earth Observation for Sustainable Development Urban Development Project EO4SD-Urban Project: Lima City Report ESA Ref: AO/1-8346/15/I-NB Doc. No.: City Operations Report Issue/Rev.: 1.1 Date: 19.11.2019 Lead: Partners: Financed by: Earth Observation for Sustainable Doc. No.: City-Operations Report Development – Urban Project Issue/Rev-No.: 1.1 Consortium Partners No. Name Short Name Country 1 GAF AG GAF Germany 2 Système d'Information à Référence Spatiale SAS SIRS France 3 GISAT S.R.O. GISAT Czech Republic 4 Egis SA EGIS France 5 Deutsche Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V DLR Germany 6 Netherlands Geomatics & Earth Observation B.V. NEO The Netherlands 7 JOANNEUM Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH JR Austria 8 GISBOX SRL GISBOX Romania Disclaimer: The contents of this document are the copyright of GAF AG and Partners. It is released by GAF AG on the condition that it will not be copied in whole, in section or otherwise reproduced (whether by photographic, reprographic or any other method) and that the contents thereof shall not be divulged to any other person other than of the addressed (save to the other authorised officers of their organisation having a need to know such contents, for the purpose of which disclosure is made by GAF AG) without prior consent of GAF AG. EO4SD-Urban Lima City Operations Report Page I Earth Observation for Sustainable Doc. No.: City-Operations Report Development – Urban Project Issue/Rev-No.: 1.1 Summary This document contains information related to the provision of geo-spatial products over Lima city, Peru, from the European Space Agency (ESA) supported project “Earth Observation for Sustainable Development - Urban Applications” (EO4SD-Urban) to the Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) funded program called “Emerging and Sustainable Cities Initiative” (ESCI).