OCOEE PROJECT Genre-based Bibliography (06/25/20) Compiled by Kathleen Bell, Ph.D. Bibliography Project Manager
BOOKS Allen, James, Als, Hilton, Lewis, John, and Litwack, Leon F. (2005). Without Sanctuary: Lynching Photography in America. Santa Fe, NM: Twin Palms. Bailey, A.K. and S.E. Tolnay. (2015). Lynched: The Victims of Southern Mob Violence. University of North Carolina Press. Bell, Gladys Frank. (2015). Visions Through My Father’s Eyes. Outskirts Press. Blazio, Ray. (2014). “Transference of the Spirit.” [lynching photos] Chapter in Talk That Music Talk, A Collaborative Ethnography by Bruce Sunpie Barnes and Rachel Breunlin. Center for the Book at University of New Orleans Press: 38-45. D’Orso, Michael. (1996). Like Judgment Day. Berkley: Berkley Publishing; Movie Tie-In ed.
Dray, Philip. (2003). At the Hands of Persons Unknown: The Lynching of Black America. Modern Library: NY.
Dunn, Marvin. (2013). The Beast In Florida. University Press of Florida.
Dunn, Marvin. (May 24, 2016). The History of Florida: Through Black Eyes. Createspace Independent Publishing Platform.
Equal Justice Initiative. (2015). Lynching in America: Confronting the Legacy of Racial Terror 2ed. Montgomery, AL: Equal Justice Initiative.
Giddings, Paula J. (2008). Ida: A Sword Among Lions: Ida B. Wells and the Campaign Against Lynchings. Amistad: NY.
Ginzburg, Ralph. (1962). 100 Years of Lynching. Black Classic Press, Baltimore, MD.
Harrison, Ida Withers. (ND). Memoir of William Temple Mathers. Harcourt School Pub. Ocoee Historical Commission.
Hobbs, Tameka Bradley. (2015). Democracy Abroad, Lynching at Home: Racial Violence in Florida. University Press of Florida.
Jaspin, Elliot. (2007). Buried in the Bitter Waters: The Hidden History of Racial Cleansing in America. Basic Books: NY.
Kinnie, Myra and Gail Waxman. (2017). Ocoee. Sarasota, FL: Bardolph & Co.
Macmanus, Susan A. (2017). Florida’s Minority Trailblazers. University Press of Florida.
Maguire, Nancy Lillian. (ND). A History of Ocoee and Its Pioneers. Ocoee Historical Commission.
Maraniss, Andrew. (2014). Strong Inside: Perry Wallace and the Collison of Race and Sports. Vanderbilt UP.
McCall, Willis V. (1988). Willis V. McCall, Sheriff of Lake County: An Autobiography. [Unknown binding; no longer in print].
McCarthy, Kevin M. (2007). African American Sites in Florida. Sarasota, FL: Pineapple Press, Inc.
McCarthy, Suzanne. (2002). Lay the Trumpet in Our Hands. NY: Bantam.
McCall, Willis V. (1988). Willis V. McCall, Sheriff of Lake County: An Autobiography. [Unknown binding; no longer in print].
McCarthy, Kevin M. (2007). African American Sites in Florida. Sarasota, FL: Pineapple Press, Inc.
McCarthy, Suzanne. (2002). Lay the Trumpet in Our Hands. NY: Bantam.
McCall, Willis V. (1988). Willis V. McCall, Sheriff of Lake County: An Autobiography. [Unknown binding; no longer in print].
McCarthy, Kevin M. (2007). African American Sites in Florida. Sarasota, FL: Pineapple Press, Inc.
McCarthy, Suzanne. (2002). Lay the Trumpet in Our Hands. NY: Bantam.
Newton, Michael. (2001). The Invisible Empire: The Ku Klux Klan in Florida. University Press of Florida.
Ortiz, Paul. (2005). Emancipation Betrayed: The Hidden History of Black Organizing and White Violence in Florida from Reconstruction to the Bloody Election of 1920. Berkley: University of California Press.
Phillips, Patrick. (2016). Blood at the Root: A Racial Cleansing in America. W. W. Norton & Co.
Sims, Angela D. (2010). Ethical Complications of Lynchings: Ida B. Wells’s Interrogation of American Terror. Palgrave Macmillan.
Sims, Angela D. (2016). Lynched: The Power of Memory in a Culture of Terror. Baylor University Press.
Shofner, Jerrell. (1982). History of Apopka and Northwest Orange County. Sentry Press.
Stevenson, Bryan. (2014). Just Mercy. Siegel & Grau.
Tolnay, Stewart and E.M. Beck. (1995). A Festival of Violence: An Analysis of Southern Lynchings, 1882-1930. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Vandiver, Margaret. (2006). Lethal Punishment: Lynchings and Legal Executions in the South. Rutgers University Press.
Waldrep, Christopher. (2009). African Americans Confront Lynching: Strategies of Resistance from the Civil War to the Civil Rights Era. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. 76.
Wallis, Jim. (2016). America’s Original Sin: Racism, White Privilege, and the Bridge to a New America. Brazos Press: Grand Rapids, Michigan.
Ward, Jason Morgan. (2016). Hanging Bridge: Racial Violence and America’s Civil Rights Century. Oxford University Press.
White, Walter. (2002). Rope and Faggot: A Biography of Judge Lynch. University of Notre Dame Press.
Wilbanks, William. (1996). Forgotten Heroes: Police Officers Killed in Early Florida 1840- 1925. Turner Publishing Company.
SCHOLARLY ARTICLES AND THESES
Cassanello, Robert. (Fall 2016). “The Right to Vote and the Long Nineteenth Century in Florida.” The Florida Historical Quarterly 95.2: 194-220.
Dabbs, Lester, Jr. (1969). A Report of the Circumstances and Events of the Race Riot on November 2, 1920 in Ocoee, Florida. Stetson University, Deland, Florida.
Fussell, Melissa. (2016). “Dead Men Bring No Claims: How Takings Claims Can Provide Redress for Real Property Owning Victims of Jim Crow Race Riots.” William & Mary Law Review 57.5 1913.
Hershaw, Paul. (1991). Ocoee and Its Pioneers: An Account of the Settlement and Growth of Ocoee, Florida 1857-1928. University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL.
Jackson, Jr., David H. and Elliott, Kimberlyn M. (Fall 2016). “African Americans in Florida, 1870-1920: A Historical Essay.” The Florida Historical Quarterly 96.2: 152-193.
Parry, Katherine K. (2008). Constructing African American Histories in Central Florida. University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.
Swayne, Matt. (May 15, 2019). “Map Reveals that Lynching Extended Far Beyond the Deep South.” https://news.psu.edu/story/574454/2019/05/15/research
Vandiver, Margaret. (2012). “Two Years of Terror: Lynching in North Florida, 1893-1895.” Criminal Law Bulletin, Thomason Reuters Publisher.
Vandiver, Margaret. (2014). “Florida Shame: The Lake City Lynching of 1911.” Criminal Law Bulletin 50:4; 831-849. Thomason Reuters Publisher.
NEWSPAPER ARTICLES
“As Negro Houses Burned At Ocoee.” (November 4, 1920). Orlando Morning Sentinel. Associated Press. (November 4, 1920). “A Severe Lesson to the Negroes.” The Ocala Evening Star. Baquero, Gabby. (September 6, 2017). “Ocoee debates markers memorializing 1920 Election Day Massacre.” West Orange Times & Observer. “Between 30 and 60 Negroes Killed in Florida Election Day.” (November 7, 1920). Baltimore Herald. Tuskegee Institute News Clipping File: Reel 11; Frame 651. Byrne, Jason. (November 23, 2014). “Ocoee On Fire: The 1920 Election Day Massacre.” Florida History [Online site], Medium.com.
Clark, James C. (March 1993). “Lynching: Florida’s Brutal Distinction.” Orlando Sentinel.
Cotter, Holland. (June 03, 2018). “Remembering Lynching’s Toll.” The New York Times.
Dickinson, Joy Wallace. (November 3, 2002). “Remembering Day of Darkness.” Orlando Sentinel.
Dickinson, Joy Wallace. (November 10, 2002). “Film Airs Ocoee’s Riot and Its Legacy.” Orlando Sentinel.
Ericson, Edward, Jr. (October 1, 1998). “Dead Wrong.” Orlando Weekly.
Fallstrom, Jerry. (March 27, 1994). “Victims of Ocoee Violence Have Little Hope of Payment.” Orlando Sentinel.
Furman, Anna. (July 13, 2017). “How art is being used to explore America’s shameful legacy of lynching.” The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign . Gillespie, Ryan. (April 8, 2019). “Marker Acknolwedging Ocoee Massacre, July Perry’s Lynching, Planned in Orlando.” Orlando Sentinel.
“Grand Master Florida Ku Klucks to Mr. W.R. O’Neal.” (September 20, 1920). July Perry File, Orange County Regional History Center Archives, Orlando, Florida.
Hamburg, Jay. (September 7, 1986). “Ocoee Living Down Past 66 Years After Race Riot.” Orlando Sentinel.
“Herbert Philips Will Make a Report on the Killing Nov. 2nd of Negroes at Ocoee.” (December 17, 1920). The Ocala Evening Star.
Hudak, Stephen. (April 21, 2018). “Ocoee struggles with racial legacy as national memorial recognizing lynching victims opens.” Orlando Sentinel.
Hudak, Stephen. (November 6, 2018). “Ceremony marks the sacrifice of Perry, black voter rights.” Orlando Sentinel Hudak, Stephen. (November 19, 2018). “Ocoee, where massacre occurred in 1920, aims to shed past reputation as ‘sundown’ town.” Orlando Sentinel. Hudak, Stephen. (November 20, 2018). “Dawn of a New Day. Ocoee City Hall Proclamation.” Orlando Sentinel. Hudak, Stephen. (November 22, 2018). “Ocoee renounces racist past, promises harmony and justice.” Orlando Sentinel. Hudak, Stephen. (April 04, 20190. “Ocoee Approves Marker for Election Day Massacre.” Orlando Sentinel. Hudak, Stephen. (June 22, 2019). “Recognition of Injustice.” Orlando Sentinel. “Ku Klux Klan Demonstrates that White Supremacy Will Be Maintained in Volusia County.” (November 2, 1920). The Daytona Daily News.
Kunerth, Jeff. (February 11, 2015). “Report: Orange County ranks 6th in lynchings from 1877— 1950.” Orlando Sentinel.
Laerty, James. (April 26, 2018). “How white Americans used lynchings to terrorize and control black people.” The Guardian.
Lee, Curtis. (April 26, 2018). “ ‘Capital punishment is the stepchild of lynching.’ Here’s what Bryan Stevenson hopes to address with a memorial honoring black people who were killed.” Los Angeles Times.
Levin, Sam. (April 28, 2018). “Lynching memorial leaves some quietly seething: ‘Let sleeping dogs lie.” The Guardian.
Lewan, Todd and Barclay, Dolores. (December 2, 2001) “Torn from the Land (Part 1 of 3).” Hartford-hwp.com.
Luscombe, Richard. (January 3, 2019). “ ‘The sunrise city’: Florida community reconciles with history of 1920s race riot.” The Guardian.
Martin, Trish. (February 21, 1993). “Allen Franks Family Home Burned in the 1920 Riot.” Orlando Sentinel.
McLeod, Michael. (March 11, 2001). “Families Can’t Forget.” The Orlando Sentinel.
“Negroes Leave Ocoee.” (November 5, 1920). Florida Times-Union.
“Ocoee Claims 2 White Victims.” (November 3, 1920). Orlando Morning Sentinel.
“The Ocoee Massacre.” (November 5, 2015). The Weekly Challenger. http://theweeklychallenger.com/the-ocoee-massacre/
“The Ocoee Massacre: A Tragic Day in Florida History.” Florida & Puerto Rico Digital Newspaper Project. 24 Feb. 2017. https://ufndnp.wordpress.com.
“An Open Letter to the Governor of the State of Florida.” (November 13, 1920). National Republican.
“Outbreak at Ocoee.” (November 3, 1920). The Ocala Evening Star.
“Race Riot in Orange County.” (November 3, 1920). Florida Times-Union.
“Race Riots Near [words unreadable]; Two White Men Dead; Negro Hanged; Others Killed; Negro Huts Burned.” (November 3, 1920). The Daytona Daily News.
Robertson, Campbell. (April 25, 2018). “A Lynching Memorial is Opening. The Country Has Never Seen Anything Like It.” The New York Times.
Samsock, Karen. (February 21, 1989). “Hurston’s Vivid Tale of Riot Comes Alive in Magazine.” Orlando Sentinel.
“Says 30 Negroes Were Slain in Florida on Election Day.” (December 15, 1920). New York Post. Tuskegee Institute News Clipping File: Reel 12; Frame 480.
Schneider, Steve. (August 22, 2002). “Social Studies.” Orlando Weekly.
Seguin, Charles. (June 11, 2018). “How Northern Newspapers Covered Lynchings.” The New York Times.
“Small Boy Hid Under Store at Ocoee 48 Hours.” (November 6, 1920). Florida Times-Union.
Staples, Brent. (May 05, 2018). “When Newspapers Justified Lynching.” The New York Times.
Stolberg, Sheryl Gay and Caitlin Dickerson. (July 5, 2017). “Hangman’s Noose, Symbol of Racial Animus, Keeps Cropping Up.” New York Times.
Toohey, Grace. (June 25, 2020). “New Florida law to recognize, teach 1920 Ocoee Massacre.” Orlando Sentinel.
“A Warning.” (November 8, 1920). The Ocala Evening Star.
The Weekly Challenger. (November 5, 2015). “The Ocoee Massacre.” The Weekly Challenger.
Williams, Charley. (June 21, 2019). “Let Ocoee Massacre Marker Provide a Learning Opportunity.” Orlando Sentinel.
“Woman Escaped from Florida Mob But Rest of Family Died.” (December 18, 1920). New York Age.
MAGAZINE ARTICLES
Couric, Katie. (April 2018). “’ The Blood of Lynching Victims Is In This Soil.’” National Geographic.
First-Arai, Leanna. (February 27, 2019). “How Soil Acts as a Living Witness to Racial Violence.” Yes! Magazine.
Hobbs, Allyson and Nell Freudenberger. (July 17, 2018). “A Visit to Montgomery’s Legacy Museum.” The New Yorker.
Hurston, Zora Neal. (February 1989). “The Ocoee Riot.” Essence.
Ifill, Sherilyn. (August 28, 2018). “How the South Memorializes—and Forgets—It’s History of Lynching.” Time.
Maraniss, Andrew. (November 4, 2016). “Legacy of Bloody Election Day Lingers in Ocoee, Florida.” The Undefeated [Online magazine], NBA ESPN.
Rossiter, Jenna. (September 14, 2016). “Digging up America’s racist past: UP students experience history of social justice and civil rights.” Upbeacon.com [Online magazine], University of Portland, OR.
Shaer, Matthew. (March 2018). “A New Memorial Remembers the Thousands of African- Americans Who Were Lynched.” The Atlantic.
Smart-Grosvenor, Vertamae. (February 1989). “The Ocoee Riot.” Essence: 61.
Smith, Jamil. (May 16, 2018). “On a Hill in Alabama, the Lynched Haunt Us.” Rolling Stone. https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/features/national-lynching-memorial-w519526.
Toobin, Jeffrey. (August 22, 2016). “The Legacy of Lynching, On Death Row.” The New Yorker.
Ware, Adam. (Spring 2015). “’The Conflicting Testimony Continues:’ The Ocoee Riot, 95 Years Later.” Reflections: 10-12.
Wells-Barnett, Ida B. (1892, 1893, 1894). Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases (pamphlets). The Project Gutenberg EBook https://archive.org/stream/southernhorrors14975gut/14975.txt
ARTISTIC PRESENTATIONS
Davis, Bernadette Adams and Meehan, Kevin. (April 7 + 8, 2000). The Whirlwind Passeth. Produced by Democracy Forum. Directors, Michelle Nicole Falana and Willis E. Teachers. Performed by Orlando Black Essential Theatre, Inc. Orlando, Florida.
Krasa, Sandra (Producer) and White, Bianca (Writer/Filmmaker). (2002). Ocoee: Legacy of the Election Day Massacre [Documentary Short]. United States, NY: Third World Newsreel [Distributor].
Thompson, Geraldine, Sen. ((Premiered February 22, 2015). A Vote, a Voice. Dr. Phillips Center, Orlando, Florida.
MEDIA PRESENTATIONS
Peddie, Matthew. Interviewer. (March 12, 2019). “Remembering the Victims of the Ocoee Massacre.” Intersections WMFE. Orlando, Florida.
Murphy, Michael. (February 2016). “Architecture That’s Built to Heal.” TED TALK. https://www.ted.com/talks/michael_murphy_architecture_that’s_built_to_heal
Salzman, Jeff. (May 25, 2018). “Burning the Karmas of Jim Crow; The Power of America’s New Peace and Justice Memorial.” The Daily Evolver https://www.dailyevolver.com/2018/05/burning-the-karmas-of-jim- crow/?mc_cid=9522fb9ba7&mc_eid=39e8e96485
Stevenson, Bryan. (March 2012). “We Need to Talk About an Injustice.” TED TALK. https://www.ted.com/talks/bryan_stevenson_we_need_to_talk_about_an_injustice
DIGITAL ARCHIVES
Blackman, William Fremont. (1927). “History of Orange County Florida Narrative and Biographical.” E.O. Painter Printing Co. http://www.genealogytrails.com/fla/orange/chapt7.html
Dickinson, Martin F. and Lucy B. Wayne. (January 26, 2003). “Limited Review of Possible Cemetery Indications, Forest Ridge PUD, Orange County, Florida.” SOUTHARC. Inc.
Florida Memory, State Library and Archives of Florida. Includes photographs,video, audio, collections, exhibits, and classroom materials. https://floridamemory.com.
“Florida Racial Violence.” (Thursday, June 23, 2011). Footprints in the Dust. http://sob- leaningleft.blogspot.com/2011/06/florida-racial-violence.html
Joel Buchanan Archive of African American Oral History. http://dloc.com/OHFB
“Lynching in America: A Community Remembrance Project.” (accessed September 2017). Equal Justice Initiative http://eji.org/reports/.
Monroe Work Today. (2016) auut Studio. www.monroeworktoday.org/lynching.html .
NAACP Eleventh Annual Report for Year 1920. (January 1921). “Lynchings.” New York: 21, 32-33. http://media.mnhs.org/things/duluthlynchings/00001826.pdf Onion, Rebecca. (July 6, 2015). “Interactive Map Catalogs a History of Collective Violence Against Black Communities.” SLATE. http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_vault/2015/07/06/history_of_violence_against_black_communities_mapping_pr oject_for_lynching.html
Rajtar, Steve. (1999). “Ocoee Historical Trail.” http://www.oocities.org/yosemite/rapids/8428/hikeplans/ocoee/planocoee.html
RICHES Mosaic Interface. Dept. of History, University of Central Florida. https://riches.cah.ucf.edu/ • Interview with historian Paul Ortiz; focuses on Florida Voters Registration Movement 1919-20, the sociopolitical climate at the time of the election, and raises the issue of African American military men returning from WWI to find democracy in unrest. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/93e13f7a0d188c76919ca6e879e5a514.mp3
• Documentary Podcasts with browsing tags. For the tag: KKK see the following episodes: https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/items/browse?tags=documentary
Episode 2: “Legacy of the Ocoee Riot” Episode 11: “Harry T. Moore: An Interview with Dr. Jim Clark” Episode 35: “Harry T. Moore, Part 1” Episode 36: “Harry T. Moore, Part 2” Episode 39: “The Orange County Regional History Center” “The Long History of the African American Civil Rights Movement in Florida”