Plistoriceil Review

The State Historical Society of Missouri COLUMBIA, MISSOURI BOARD OF EDITORS

LAWRENCE (). CHRISTENSEN SUSAN M. HARTMANN University of Missouri-Rolla University of Missouri-St. Louis

WILLIAM E. FOLEY ALAN R. HAVIG Central Missouri State University, Stephens College, Warrensburg Columbia

JEAN TYHEE HAMILTON DAVID D. MARCH Marshall Kirksville

ARVAHH E. STRICKLAND University of Missouri-Columbia

COVER DESCRIPTION: Thomas Hart Benton, Missouri's most famous twentieth-century artist, executed this front cover illus­ tration for The Limited Editions Club 1944 publication of Mark Twain's classic, Life on the Mississippi. The 1" x 4%" watercolor and ink is titled, "The third storm was accompanied by a raging wind.'' Mark Twain writes about heavy thunderstorms on the Mississippi River at Natchez, Vicksburg and fifty miles below Memphis. This work and companion pieces were given to the State Historical Society by the artist in 1968. Items from the State Historical Society's Fine Arts Collec­ tion are displayed in the Art and Corridor galleries. The Society is open to the public from 8:00 A.M. to 4:30 P.M., Monday through Friday, excepting legal holidays. Patrons may visit the Art Gallery from 8:30 A.M. to 4:00 P.M. MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW

Published Quarterly by THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI

COLUMBIA, MISSOURI

JAMES W. GOODRICH EDITOR

MARY K. DAINS ASSOCIATE EDITOR

Copyright ® 1986 by the State Historical Society of Missouri 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, Missouri 65201

The MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW (ISSN 0026-6582) is owned by the State Historical Society of Missouri and is published quarterly at 10 South Hitt, Columbia, Missouri 65201. Send communications, business and editorial correspondence and change of address to the State Historical Society of Missouri, 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, MO 65201. Second class postage is paid at Columbia, Missouri. VOLUME LXXX Current REVIEWS are sent to all members of The State Historical Society of Missouri during their term of membership. The Society NUMRER 4 assumes no responsibility for statements made by contributors to the magazine. JULY, 1986 THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI The State Historical Society of Missouri, heretofore organized under the laws of the State, shall be the trustee of this State—Laws of Missouri, 1899, R.S. of Mo., 1969, chapter 183, as revised 1978.

OFFICERS 1983-1986 FRANCIS M. RARNES III, Kirkwood, President MRS. Avis TUCKER, Warrensburg, First Vice President SHERIDAN A. LOGAN, St. Joseph, Second Vice President MRS. VIRGINIA YOUNG, Columbia, Third Vice President NOBLE E. CUNNINGHAM, Columbia, Fourth Vice President R. KENNETH ELLIOTT, Kansas City, Fifth Vice President ROBERT G.J. HOESTER, Kirkwood, Sixth Vice President ALBERT M. PRICE, Columbia, Treasurer JAMES W. GOODRICH, Columbia, Director, Secretary and Librarian

TRUSTEES Permanent Trustees, Former Presidents of the Society LEWIS E. ATHERTON, Columbia ELMER ELLIS, Columbia WILLIAM AULL III, Lexington RUSH H. LIMBAUGH, Cape Girardeau WILLIAM R. DENSLOW, Trenton LEO J. ROZIER, Perryville

Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1986 MRS. SAMUEL A. RURK, Kirksville DOYLE PATTERSON, Kansas City VICTOR A. GIERKE, Louisiana STUART SYMINGTON, JR., St. Louis MRS. JEAN TYREE HAMILTON, Marshall ROBERT WOLPERS, Poplar Rluff W. ROGERS HEWITT, Shelbyville DALTON C. WRIGHT, Lebanon

Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1987 ROBERT S. DALE, Carthage WALLACE R. SMITH, Independence GEORGE MCCUE, St. Louis *RONALD L. SOMERVILLE, Chillicothe ROBERT C. SMITH, Columbia JOSEPH WEBBER, St. Louis ROBERT M. WHITE, Mexico

Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1988 JAMES W. RROWN, Harrisonville ROB PRIDDY, Jefferson City ILUS W. DAVIS, Kansas City DALE REESMAN, Roonville JOHN K. HULSTON, Springfield ARVARH E. STRICKLAND, Columbia JAMES C. OLSON, Kansas City RLANCHE M. TOUHILL, St. Louis

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE The twenty-nine Trustees, the President and the Secretary of the Society, the Governor, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, President of the University of Missouri and Chancellor of the University of Missouri-Columbia constitute the Executive Committee. FINANCE COMMITTEE Five members of the Executive Committee appointed by the President, who by virtue of his office constitutes the sixth member, compose the Finance Committee. WILLIAM AULL III, Lexington, Chairman FRANCIS M. RARNES III, Kirkwood LEO J. ROZIER, Perryville ELMER ELLIS, Columbia ROBERT C. SMITH, Columbia JOSEPH WEBBER, St. Louis * Deceased STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY MEMBERSHIP AND GIFTS

Memberships in The State Historical Society of Missouri are available in the following categories:

Annual Membership $5.00 Contributing Annual Membership $25.00 Supporting Annual Membership $50.00 Sustaining Annual Membership $100.00 to $499.00 Patron Annual Membership $500.00 or more Life Membership $100.00

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Join thousands of other people whose memberships in The State Historical Society assist in the preservation and advancement of the history of Missouri.

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James W. Goodrich, Director The State Historical Society of Missouri 1020 Lowry Street Columbia, Missouri 65201 Phone (314) 882-7083 SOCIETY TO PRESENT AWARDS

At the Annual Meeting in October the Society will confer three awards. An engraved citation and a medallion will be awarded to a member who has given distinguished service to the Society and to the State of Missouri in the promotion and dissemination of knowledge concerning the history of our region. A second engraved citation and a one-hundred-dollar cash award will be given for the REVIEW article dur­ ing the calendar year which has contributed most in depth in a scholarly and popular sense to the history of our State. The three-hundred-dollar Floyd C. Shoe­ maker History Award will be presented to a junior class student in a Missouri college or university who has written the best historical article that relates to Missouri events or personalities. The distinguished member will be selected by a three-member committee appointed by the Society president. One member of the selection committee will serve for two years and two members for one year. No active officers or trustees of the Society, with the exception of past presidents, may be nomi­ nated for the Distinguished Service Award. Nomina­ tions should be made in writing to James W. Good­ rich, director of the Society, any time during the calendar year. The prize-winning article will be se­ lected by three historians appointed by the editor of the REVIEW. The selection committee will be changed each year with the exception of one member who will be replaced after two years. Articles submitted for the Floyd C. Shoemaker History Award will be judged by the Department of History of the Uni­ versity of Missouri-Columbia. EDITORIAL POLICY The MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW is always interested in articles and documents relating to the history of Missouri. Articles pertaining to surrounding states and other sections are considered for publication when they involve events or personalities having a significant bear­ ing on the history of Missouri or the West. Any aspect of Missouri history is considered suitable for publication in the REVIEW. Genealogical studies are not accepted be­ cause of limited general reader interest. In submitting articles for the REVIEW, the authors should examine back issues for the proper form in footnoting. Originality of subject, general interest of the article, sources used in research, interpretation and the style in which it is written, are criteria for acceptance for publication. The original and a carbon copy of the article should be submitted. It is suggested that the author retain a carbon of the article. The copy should be double-spaced and footnotes typed consecutively on separate pages at the end of the article. The maximum length for an article is 7,500 words. All articles accepted for publication in the REVIEW become the property of the State Historical Society and may not be published elsewhere without permission. Only in special circumstances will an article previously published in another magazine or journal, be accepted for the REVIEW. Because of the backlog of accepted articles, publica­ tion may be delayed for a period of time. Articles submitted for the REVIEW should be ad­ dressed to:

Dr. James W. Goodrich MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW The State Historical Society of Missouri 1020 Lowry Street Columbia, Missouri 65201 CONTENTS

MISSOURI AND THE COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION OF 1893. By Frank A. Cassell 369

NOTHING SEEMED IMPOSSIBLE: FRANK N. MOORE AND THE MINERAL CITIES RAILWAY. By Robert E. Smith 395

"ONE OF THE RULING CLASS," THOMAS CAUTE REYNOLDS: THE SECOND

CONFEDERATE GOVERNOR OF MISSOURI. By Robert E. Miller 422

HISTORICAL NOTES AND COMMENTS

Society Receives Ringham Portraits 449

Dr. Lewis Atherton Honored 452

Review Roard of Editors Established 454

News in Rrief 455

Local Historical Societies 457

Gifts 476

Missouri History in Newspapers 480

Missouri History in Magazines 487

In Memoriam 493

ROOK REVIEW 494

ROOK NOTES 497

INDEX TO VOLUME LXXX 501

DUNKLIN COUNTY MUSEUM Inside Rack Cover *****

Missouri and the Columbian Exposition of 1893

RY FRANK A. CASSELL* In 1904, the people of St. Louis and Missouri staged one of the great world's fairs, the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. The success of that fair has obscured Missouri's extensive involvement in Chicago's Columbian Exposition of 1893. In fact, the earlier fair profoundly influenced its larger successor in terms of architecture, organization, and philosophy, and acted as a training ground for key figures in the St. Louis venture. But the importance of the Columbian Exposition to Missouri goes beyond its relationship to the St. Louis fair. The event excited people in all ranks and occupations. Driven by the bursting patriotism of the era, pride in their state, and their hopes for economic progress, the people of Missouri committed both time and money to preparing a com­ prehensive exhibit of the state's resources. Leaders of the state's world's fair effort emphasized displays of Missouri's agricultural, mining and manufacturing capabilities, but aesthetic and educa­ tional matters also received attention. Many Missouri women actively participated in world's fair organizations not only out of loyalty to the state but also because they hoped a demonstration of

'Frank A. Cassell is associate professor of History and chair of the Department of History at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. He has the R.A. degree from Wabash College, Crawfordsville, Indiana, and the M.A. and Ph.D. from North­ western University, Evanston, Illinois. The author expresses his thanks to Marguerite E. Cassell who freely shared her knowledge of the world's fair. 370 Missouri Historical Review women's achievements would hasten progress towards legal and social equality. Some criticized the state's exhibits as inadequate, but numerous awards testified to the excellence of Missouri's products. The Columbian Exposition left its mark on Missouri. Besides improved rail facilities and enriched museum holdings, the fair provided both a goal and an inspiration to Missourians who soon began planning their own exposition. The people of Missouri were slow to support the Chicago world's fair. In part their reluctance stemmed from disappointment that St. Louis had been passed over by Congress as the site of the exposition. In late 1889 and early 1890, St. Louis had vied with New York, Washington and Chicago for the honor of hosting a celebration marking Columbus's discovery of America. Under the capable leadership of Governor David Francis, a former mayor of St. Louis, an influential group of businessmen and politicians raised over four million dollars in support of the city's application. They designated Forest Park as a location for the exposition facilities. The leadership of St. Louis avidly supported the world's fair campaign because they saw it as an opportunity to publicize the city and thereby increase its trade while attracting immigrants and capital. Moreover, they hoped to outmaneuver their rivals in Chi­ cago and make St. Louis the major metropolis of the American West. When Congress chose Chicago over its competitors, it de­ livered a double blow to St. Louis. Not only had it lost the fair, but its chief rival would now realize all the benefits the Missourians had planned for themselves. Under the circumstances, the unenthu- siastic response of state residents to the exposition appears under­ standable.1 The law authorizing the Columbian Exposition established a national world's fair commission to supervise the event. Each state governor appointed two delegates and two alternates and, as required by law, divided the posts equally between the major political parties. Governor Francis named Thomas B. Bullene of Kansas City and Charles H. Jones of St. Louis as members of the commission, with O.H. Picher of Joplin and R.L. McDonald of St. Joseph as alternates. Only Jones, the editor of the Democratic St.

1 Paul C. Nagel, Missouri: A Bicentennial History (New York, 1977), 28-146; Hubert Howe Rancroft, The Book of the Fair (New York, 1894), 38-41; James Neal Primm, Lion of the Valley: St. Louis, Missouri (Roulder, Colo., 1981), 395; Edwin C. McReynolds, Missouri; A History of the Crossroads State (Norman, Okla., 1962), 293; Reid Radger, The Great American Fair: The World's Columbian Exposition and American Culture (Chicago, 1979), 48-49; St. Louis Republic, August 11, 14, 21, 29, September 22, 26, October 1, 5, 16, 23, November 17, 1889. Columbian Exposition of 1893 371

Louis Republic, played an active role in the affairs of the national body. The federal world's fair law also mandated the appointment of a Board of Lady Managers to oversee the participation of women in the exposition. Women viewed this body as a vehicle to publicize women's accomplishments as well as their problems. Each state's representatives on the National Commission designated members of the board. The Missouri board members included Phoebe Couzins of St. Louis and Lillian Mason Brown of Kirkwood. Mrs. Patti Moore of Kansas City and Mrs. Annie L.Y. Swart, a resident of St. Louis, accepted positions as alternates, while Mrs. Helen A. Peck from Kansas City served as an alternate, at-large delegate to the board.2 Couzins was by far the most significant figure among the women. One of the few women practicing law in the United States, she had held numerous state and federal appointed posi­ tions. Her reputation, however, derived mainly from her extensive women's rights activities that began in the middle 1870s. As a member of the Board of Lady Managers, Couzins immediately emerged as the champion of those hoping to use the fair to

2 World's Columbian Exposition Illustrated, I (February, 1891), 8-11, 20-22; Jeanne Madeline Weimann, The Fair Women: The Story of the Woman s Building, World's Columbian Exposition (Chicago, 1981), 35-42; Trumbull White and William Igleheart, The World's Columbian Exposition (Philadelphia and Chicago, 1893), 437-442.

Phoebe Couzins 372 Missouri Historical Review promote equal rights for women. With their support, she sought the presidency of the board but lost to a wealthy socialite, Mrs. Bertha Palmer of Chicago. In an effort to heal the factional strife, board members elected Couzins as secretary. Palmer, however, found the Missourian personally and philosophically unacceptable and soon arranged to remove her from office. Couzins waged a spectacular but unsuccessful battle to regain her post. Her appeals to the federal government and the courts generated national pub­ licity that embarrassed the board. However, this episode did not prevent the board from mounting the most influential exhibit of women's work assembled in America to that time.3 In most states, the members of the National Commission and the Board of Lady Managers took the lead in stimulating wide­ spread local participation in assembling world's fair exhibits. Mis­ souri proved an exception in this case. Besides unhappiness over losing the exposition to Chicago, an additional motive caused Missouri's dominant Democratic party to reject the fair. Repub­ licans in Congress had introduced the Lodge Force Bill, a measure intended to protect voting rights of southern blacks. Southern Democrats bitterly resisted passage of the law, and used the world's fair as one weapon to bring about its defeat. To influence Republican congressmen from Illinois to vote against the legisla­ tion, Democrats in Missouri and many southern states threatened to withhold their support from the world's fair. In early 1891, the Missouri legislature went beyond threats and passed a resolution stating there would be no appropriation for a state exhibit in Chicago as long as Congress considered passage of the Force Bill.4 After final defeat of the bill in late February 1891, Governor Francis immediately introduced a world's fair bill calling for the creation of a state world's fair commission and an appropriation of $150,000 to assemble state exhibits. In his message to the legisla­ ture, Francis argued that the world's fair should be supported by Southerners as a great national enterprise, one that would help heal lingering sectional prejudices. Moreover, he said, the exposition would offer a unique chance for Missouri to feature her "marvelous products and unequalled resources" before a national and global

3 Weimann, The Fair Women, 73-102; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, April 20, 1891. 4 Frank A. Cassell and Marguerite E. Cassell, "Pride, Profits, and Politics: Indiana and the Columbian Exposition of 1893," Indiana Magazine of History, LXXX (June, 1984), 93-121; ibid., "Wisconsin at the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893," Wisconsin Magazine of History, LXVII (Summer, 1984), 243-262; St. Joseph Herald, January 24, 31, 1891; World's Columbian Exposition Illustrated, I (February, 1891), 3-4. Columbian Exposition of 1893 373 audience. Francis asserted that a "creditable" showing at Chicago would help attract new immigrants and additional capital invest­ ment in the state's industries. The governor also appealed to state pride as well as economic self interest. He reminded Missourians that the state had not distinguished itself at Philadelphia's Centen­ nial Exposition in 1876 and should not repeat this failure in Chi­ cago. Francis then asked how there could be a world's fair in a neighboring state without a strong Missouri presence. It would, he said, embarrass Missourians who attended the exposition since they would be forced to explain their state's absence.5 The world's fair bill moved rapidly through the Missouri legislature despite some Republican opposition to the Democratic governor's measure, and a persistent anti-Chicago feeling among a few representatives. In its final form, the world's fair law made it clear that Francis would control the state's exposition planning. He received the power to appoint all seven members of the state world's fair commission, although the law specified that at least three of the members must represent "agricultural interests." The commission's officers included a president, vice president, secre­ tary, treasurer and "executive commissioner" who would supervise the work of collecting Missouri's exhibits. Other provisions of the law required the commission to report regularly to the governor and specified that none of the $150,000 appropriation could be expended without his approval.6 Over seventy-five individuals applied for the seven positions on the Missouri world's fair board. Francis, rumored to be seeking a United States Senate seat, named six of his personal supporters as members. He selected only one Republican, Nathan Frank of St. Louis. Frank, a lawyer and former U.S. Representative, had been the chief congressional sponsor of the bill naming St. Louis as the site of the world's fair. The Democratic members of the world's fair commission included Nicholas Gentry of Sedalia, Edward Mc D. Coffey of Platte City, William Dawson from New Madrid, Charles W. Green from Brookfield, Hugh McGowan of Kansas City, and H.H. Gregg of Jasper County. Gentry had achieved a national reputation as a livestock breeder, while Coffey was a doctor and Dawson earned his living as a lumber merchant. Green

5 Biennial Message of Gov. David R. Francis to the Thirty-Sixth General Assembly of the State of Missouri (Jefferson City, Mo., 1891), 35; St. Joseph Herald, February 24, March 7, 1891; St. Louis Republic, March 6, 1891. 6 Laws of Missouri, Thirty-Sixth General Assembly (Jefferson City, Mo., 1891), 33-35; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, March 18, 1891; St. Joseph Herald, March 19, 22, 29, 1891; St. Louis Republic, March 19, 22, 1891. 374 Missouri Historical Review

edited an influential newspaper, McGowan represented packing house interests, and Gregg was involved with the mining industry. Geographically, the commissioners represented each quarter of the state and the central section. Additionally, the governor had allo­ cated one delegate each to Kansas City and St. Louis.7 In early August 1891, the new world's fair commission met in Jefferson City. After listening to speeches by Francis and Mis­ souri's representatives on the National Commission, the members adopted bylaws and then elected Gentry as president and Frank as vice president. The choices reflected the state commission's con­ cern that its leadership represent the state both politically and geographically. However, it soon became apparent that sectional rivalries within Missouri could not be suppressed so easily. Frank, for example, repeatedly tried to give St. Louis the primary role in

Full-Term Report of the World's Fair Board of . . . Missouri," Appendix to Senate and House Journals of the Thirty-Eighth General Assembly (Jefferson City Mo 1895) 4-5. Hereafter cited as Board report. See also St. Joseph Herald, July 16,' i8?ikf •£• Wemer J? David R. Francis, March 24, 1891; J.B. White to Francis, April A 1891; Francis to Weiner, April 4, 1891, and Francis form letter, July 15, 1891 all in David R. Francis Papers, Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis. Frank Yale of Joplin became a member of the world's fair board in 1893 replacing Gregg who had resigned.

Nathan Frank

Nicholas H. Gentry Columbian Exposition of 1893 375

the state's world's fair planning. He had hoped to become presi­ dent of the world's fair board, but lacked the votes. Later he floated the name of a St. Louis man for the powerful post of executive commissioner of the state board. Again, he suffered defeat when the board accepted Governor Francis's nominee, J.K. Gwynn of Morgan County. Frank also waged a battle to locate the offices of the Missouri world's fair commission in St. Louis, but after lengthy and often heated debates the board voted to make Kansas City its headquarters city. Frank reacted by publicly attack­ ing his fellow world's fair commissioners, charging them with prejudice against St. Louis. The real culprit, said Frank, was Governor Francis who sought broader statewide support for his political aspirations even at the expense of his home town. Frank's allegation stung Francis, who demanded and got an apology from the acerbic attorney.8 Despite the internal bickering, the world's fair board pro­ ceeded with dispatch in organizing Missouri's exhibits. The com­ missioners established subcommittees that corresponded to the various exhibition departments in the world's fair structure. Each subcommittee received a portion of the state world's fair approp­ riation and broad authority to collect and mount an appropriate display. In some areas, such as horticulture, agriculture, anthro­ pology and livestock, the subcommittees contracted with existing statewide organizations which did the actual work and billed the world's fair board for expenses. The subcommittee on education appointed a group of educators to assemble materials. Those members included the president of the state university and the school superintendents of St. Louis, Kansas City, St. Joseph, Jeffer­ son City, Hannibal, Carthage and Springfield. The subcommittees on forestry and mining employed specialists to collect their ex­ hibits, while the subcommittees dealing with manufacturing and transportation encouraged private corporations to send examples of their products.9 Throughout 1892 and early 1893, work on the Missouri exhibits steadily progressed. In the southeastern part of the state, world's

8 "Minutes of the Board of World's Fair Managers of Missouri," entries for August 4, September 2, October 10, 1891, in Missouri State Archives, Jefferson City. Hereafter cited as Board minutes. See also St. Joseph Herald, August 5, 6, 1891; St. Louis Republic, August 6, 7, 1891; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, September 2, 1891; Board report, 4. For some interesting insights into Francis's political career see Myra Himelhoch, "St. Louis Opposition to David R. Francis in the Gubernatorial Election of 1888," MISSOURI HISTORICAL RKVIKW, LXVIII (April, 1974), 327-343. 9 Board report, 7-40; Board minutes, August 5, 20, October 10, November 4, 1891. 376 Missouri Historical Review

A Missouri Exhibit

fair agents supervised the preparation of timber samples. The State Horticulture Society arranged for the selection and preservation of apples, peaches and berries from the 1892 crop to be sure these products would be seen in Chicago even if the 1893 crops should fail. In the prosperous mining areas, workers packed samples of zinc, lead, copper, silver, nickel, cobalt, granite, onyx and other natural resources for shipment. While businessmen hired specialists to construct costly pavilions in the White City to show their goods, school children participated in a world's fair map contest spon­ sored by the education subcommittee. Judges selected the best drawn maps for display in Missouri's education exhibit in the fair's Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building. To store the growing number of state exhibits, Executive Commissioner Gwynn rented warehouses in St. Louis and Kansas City.10 The Missouri world's fair commission concentrated much of its energy on the task of constructing a state building at the world's

10 Board minutes, January, 1892-May, 1893, passim; St. Louis Post-Dispatch April 23, 1893; St. Louis Republic, May 24, June 3, 1892, March 12, 26, 1893; Hugh J. McGowan to David R. Francis, December 16, 1892, and State of Missouri World's Fair Educational Association to Francis, November 2, 1892, Francis Papers. Columbian Exposition of 1893 377 fair. Commissioners intended this structure to be a clubhouse for Missouri residents visiting Jackson Park, a place to rest and write postcards to friends and relatives back home. Although Missouri exhibits would be found throughout the fairgrounds, the state building would stand as the state's chief symbol. In its architecture, materials and furnishings, the building was meant to express a positive image of the state to other Americans and foreigners. Moreover, the state world's fair commission realized that Mis­ sourians visiting the grounds would compare their state building with others. If residents believed their state poorly represented, the world's fair board members could expect a strong political reaction. For these reasons, the fair board took the greatest interest in all aspects of the building's construction.11 Selection of an architectural design became the most important decision regarding the state building. Early in 1892, the world's fair board conducted a statewide contest that drew eighteen entries, with the plan submitted by the Kansas City firm of Gunn & Curtiss earning first place. Besides a prize of $100, the company obtained the contract to construct the Renaissance-style structure. The world's fair board appropriated $40,000 for the building, but realized the project would ultimately cost much more. Since the structure would be built of Missouri products in order to advertise

Board report, 6; Kansas City Star, April 20, 1892.

Grounds of the World's Columbian Exposition 378 Missouri Historical Review the state's resources, the board assumed that many private busi­ nesses would donate building materials as a form of advertisement. Such contributions did allow the commission to erect a far larger building than otherwise would have been possible. The problem of providing furnishings for the edifice caused the board to turn for assistance to the women of Missouri.12 The Missouri wgrld's fair law, unlike similar legislation in many other states, did not include women on the state world's fair commission. However, the law instructed the commission to establish an auxiliary board of lady managers. Male commissioners, for some months, seemed to consider the pressure by women to participate in world's fair planning as a nuisance. They made temporary appointments to the auxiliary board in August 1891, but gave little money and no clear assignments to the women. Late in the year, they created a more permanent structure with the naming of a six-member women's board. Like the commission, the auxiliary board represented the various regions of Missouri. Mrs. Patti Moore of Kansas City, one of the state's alternate representatives on the national world's fair Board of Lady Managers, served as president, with Mrs. Teresa Blannerhassett-Adams of St. Louis holding the post of vice president. Other members included Mrs. Jennie Edwards of St. Joseph, Mrs. J.P. Sparks of Warrensburg, Mrs. John Phelps of Springfield, and Mrs. J. Russell of Charleston. At least one group of Missouri women charged that auxiliary board members had been selected for political reasons and did not represent the women of the state. The commission rejected their petition to dissolve the auxiliary board.13 The women's board had no significant role in world's fair matters until the state commission asked the women to assume the task of furnishing the state building. To facilitate the work, the commission named each of the major rooms in the building for a city or county in Missouri and then asked the women of that area to raise the money to purchase furniture and decorations. The members of the women's board spearheaded organization and fund-raising efforts. They founded world's fair associations in Kansas City, St. Louis, Springfield, St. Joseph and other areas of

12 Board report, 6; Board minutes, April 18, July 27, October 22, 1892; Kansas City Star, April 20, 1892; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, April 19, 1892; list of Missouri world's fair building architectural competition winners, undated document, World's Fair Records, Missouri State Archives. 13 Board report, 4; Board minutes, August 20, 1891, July 27, November 11, 1892, January 31, 1893; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, September 8, 1891; St. Joseph Herald, March 5, 1892. Columbian Exposition of 1893 379

Missouri. These groups solicited support in a number of innovative ways. For example, women in St. Joseph sponsored a doll show, while the women of St. Louis County staged a picnic that raised several hundred dollars. The most active group, by far, was the St. Louis city world's fair association. These socially prominent women opened a world's fair restaurant on Pine Street near the Merchant's Exchange where they served lunches to businessmen. Within two weeks the enterprise had generated enough profits to furnish the St. Louis room in the state building.14 When completed, the Missouri Building stood among other state structures at the northern end of Jackson Park near the magnificent Art Palace. The edifice contained three parts: two square pavilions, each of two stories, attached to a circular central core that rose to an impressive dome topped by a lantern and flagstaff. For some reason the west pavilion stood somewhat taller than the one on the east. The south facade, the building's most pleasing asset, lay in a semicircle punctuated by deeply recessed arches along the ground floor. Although the building drew little

14 Board minutes, October 22, 1892; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, January 24, 31, February 14, 28, April 3, 10, 16, 30, 1892; St. Joseph Herald, March 5, 17, 19, 26, April 4, 1892; St. Louis Republic, April 20, May 1, 8, 31, 1892.

Missouri Building 380 Missouri Historical Review

A Section of the Missouri Building

praise from critics, its size and location attracted considerable interest. Guidebooks repeated the claim of the commission that the contractors had employed Missouri artisans and used materials from the state's forests and mines in the construction.15 Visitors entered the Missouri Building through an impressive arched doorway that opened into a spacious marble-floored rotunda. Concealed electric lights illuminated the elliptical dome, tinted a sky blue color. The women of Carthage, Webb City and Joplin donated the furnishings for one of the large reception rooms that opened off the rotunda. Named for Jasper County, this room attracted numerous tourists because various crude ore materials mined in that county decorated the walls and ceilings. Electric lighting reflected off the stones creating a dazzling glitter. Over the mantel different colored ores had been arranged in the form of the state's coat of arms which surmounted the figure "$400,000," the

15 Rand, McNally & Co., A Week At the Fair (Chicago, 1893), 213; Board report, 6; St. Louis Republic, April 20, 1892, May 1, 1893; St. Joseph Herald, May 4, and July 9, 1893. Columbian Exposition of 1893 381 value of ores taken from Jasper County mines in 1892. The Kansas City room ran along the south side of the first floor and featured oak furniture, flax velotir curtains and two pianos. Nearby, the St. Louis room, used both as a reading room and a work area for Missouri newspaper reporters, boasted rich tapestries and Turkish rugs. The money raised by the St. Louis County women purchased a large chandelier for the room. Visitors also found a post office, information booth, and check room on the first floor.16 Upstairs the women of Sedalia furnished the area under the dome that served as a recital hall. In the nearby Greene County room tired visitors could find chairs covered in gold and blue fabrics. The women of West Plains had contributed an onyx mantel, while the world's fair association in Lebanon sent a carved table. Pulaski County women also assisted in the decoration of this room by providing a handsome onyx table. Next door, the women of Jefferson City had donated furniture for a small room that served as the governor's office when he visited the exposition; the $150 worth of gold leaf that covered the walls distinguished this room. The St. Joseph room contained furniture made of bird's eye maple covered in rich silk brocades with thick rugs spread over a polished hardwood floor. Silver chandeliers illuminated walls cov­ ered with original drawings of Missouri wild flowers. With few exceptions, the furniture, rugs, art and fixtures, found in the Mis­ souri Building, had been made especially for the occasion. 1T Besides serving as a retreat for the thousands of Missourians who visited the Columbian Exposition, the state building became the site of two important ceremonial occasions. On May 1, 1893, the opening day of the world's fair, state and local officials gathered in Jackson Park to dedicate the Missouri Building. Over five hundred people crowded into the second floor recital hall to witness the event. Besides Governor William Stone, members of the world's fair commission and the women's board, the guests included state legislators, nearly all of Missouri's congressmen and senators, and delegations from most of the state's cities. Nathan Frank presided at the occasion, while Governor Stone delivered the main address, in which he described the building as a "temple of fame" honoring Missouri's achievements. The program featured two musical groups, the all-woman Mascot Mandolin Orchestra of

16 Board report, 6; Kansas City Star, April 26, 1893; St. Louis Republic, May 1, 1893. 17 St. Joseph Herald, June 25, 1893; White and Iglehart, World's Columbian Exposition, 508. 382 Missouri Historical Review

Kansas City and the Allman Quintet of St. Louis. The dedication ceremony provided Missouri with the first fruits from its investment in the world's fair. The event received wide coverage in the American press, with many stories repeating the statistics that various speakers had quoted to demonstrate Missouri's economic progress. An even better opportunity to advertise the state occurred on August 30, designated by world's fair officials as Missouri Day.18 Publicity about Missouri Day and special reduced railroad rates attracted thousands of Missouri citizens to Chicago. Their state building, decorated with flags and bunting and filled with fresh flowers, provided the scene for an all-day reception. At noon national guard units from St. Louis and Kansas City formed in front of the Missouri Building. Led by Kansas City's Third Regiment band, the troops escorted Governor Stone and other dignitaries through the White City to the stock pavilion. Here, they attended an exhibition of Missouri's livestock entries which had won more awards than those of any other state. Later in the afternoon the entourage returned to the state building for the formal ceremonies. Once more Frank acted as master of cere­ monies, welcoming the visitors on behalf of the state world's fair commission. He was followed by Governor Stone and other speak­ ers from different parts of Missouri who eloquently described the state's commerce, industry, culture and educational systems. The message rang clear: Missouri was a good place to visit, to live in, and to invest.19 Former Governor Francis, the primary sponsor of Missouri's world's fair effort, summarized the history of the state's involve­ ment. The fair, he suggested, should have been held in St. Louis. Upon Chicago's selection, Missouri energetically had cooperated in what he described as a patriotic event. Francis praised the world's fair commission, asserting that the state's exhibits "should inspire every Missourian with pride." Missouri, he concluded, had helped heal the wounds of the Civil War by joining with other states in a national event that contributed to the "credit and grandeur of the Republic." As he had two years before in launching Missouri's world's fair program, Francis identified state pride, exuberant patriotism, and the drive for economic development as the major

18 St. Louis Post-Dispatch, May 2, 1893; St. Joseph Herald, May 2, 1893; Board report, 5; Board minutes, March 13, 1893. 19 Board report, 5; Kansas City Star, August 30, 31, 1893; St. Joseph Herald, August 31, 1893; Chicago Tribune, August 31, 1893; St. Louis Republic, August 31, 1893. Columbian Exposition of 1893 383 reasons for participation. Missouri Day ended with a band concert by the Third Regiment band and a special fireworks display on the lake front. Missourians joined 100,000 other fair visitors in observing the show, which included intricate sequences of fireworks that formed a portrait of Governor Stone and a depiction of the state motto. The finale featured an enormous painting in fireworks of the Missouri Building.20 Like most out-of-town visitors to the Columbian Exposition, Missourians usually spent a week or more exploring the White City. The fair, largest ever held to that time, sprawled over nearly seven hundred acres of Jackson Park and the adjacent Midway Plaisance. Four hundred buildings, covering more than two hundred acres, displayed over 250,000 exhibits from a hundred nations. A dozen of the largest buildings, the core of the White City, had been designed by America's finest architects and decorated by the most prestigious sculptors and painters. One of the structures, the Manufacturers and Liberal Arts Building, was the largest ever built to that time. A full mile in circumference, the edifice covered thirty acres and contained fifty miles of aisles. Across a canal from this immense structure stood the handsome Electricity Building, designed by the Kansas City firm of Van Brunt and Howe. The mile-long Midway Plaisance provided a home for numerous foreign villages and entertainment features such as Hagenbeck's Circus, the tethered balloon, and the original Ferris Wheel, which accommodated 2,100

1 Ibid.

Palace of Mechanic Arts 384 Missouri Historical Review passengers at one time. Officials later removed the wheel to St. Louis for the 1904 world's fair.21 Wherever Missourians turned they found ample evidence of their state's presence at the great show. Official state exhibits appeared in many of the principal buildings. In the Horticultural Building under the central dome could be found Missouri flowers and palm trees from botanical gardens in St. Louis. Elsewhere in the structure, the world's fair commission had erected a large gold and white pavilion to house the pomological exhibit that included numerous glass jars filled with preserved fruit. Daily rail shipments from the huge Olden fruit farm in Howell County and the straw­ berry growing districts in the Ozarks replenished the fresh fruit displays. The quality and size of Missouri's fruits compared favor­ ably with similar products from California, judged to have the finest fruit exhibits at the fair.22 The Missouri agricultural display located at the east end of the Agriculture Building covered 3,600 square feet and proved the largest of any state. Passing under an arch of corn stalks and field grasses, the visitor entered the first of four sections in the large pavilion where fountains watered growing specimens of the state's major crops. In the next compartment stood a three-sided pyramid composed of grasses, seeds and grains. On the sides of the pyramid artists had arranged different colored grains to create pictures of George Washington, an American eagle and the Missouri coat of arms. Atop the pyramid, a large globe depicted the continents in wheat. The third compartment housed a model of the Eads Bridge in St. Louis made of Missouri sugar cane. In the fourth room visitors marveled at a life-size representation of George Washing­ ton upon a horse. Once more the artists had used only Missouri farm products to model their creation. Throughout the pavilion large tables held hundreds of bottles containing samples of corn, wheat, rye, oats, and all other crops grown in the state. A label on each bottle noted the name of the farmer who had contributed the sample. At least a few Missourians appeared displeased with the state's agricultural exhibit. Some described the agricultural sculp­ tures as silly at best and at worst distracted attention from the quality of Missouri's farm products.23 21 David F. Burg, Chicago's White City of 1893 (Lexington, Ky., 1976), 75-113; Badger, The Great American Fair, 63-72; Bancroft, Book of the Fair, 402-404. 22 Board minutes, July 27, 1892; Board report, 7; St. Joseph Herald, April 25, June 18, 1893; St. Louis Republic, June 11, 1893; Bancroft, Book of the Fair, 433. 23 Board report, 7, 20-23; St. Joseph Herald, April 25, July 26, 1893; St. Louis Republic, July 4, 1893; Bancroft, Book of the Fair, 353-354; Kansas City Star, July 7, 1893. Columbian Exposition of 1893 385

The Missouri exhibit in the agricultural department reproduced Eads Bridge from sugar cane. Missouri's excellent mineral exhibit in the Mines and Mining Building earned more praise. A twelve-foot high carved wall of St. Louis brick and terra cotta and Iron County granite surrounded 2,200 square feet of display space. Visitors entered by climbing steps fashioned from limestone mined in quarries near Hannibal. Inside Dr. E.O. Hovey of St. Louis, who had prepared this exhibit for the world's fair commission, assembled impressive evidence of Missouri's preeminence as a mining state. Charts and maps showed the location of the mining districts and the annual value of ore shipped to market. To further illustrate the importance of Mis­ souri's mineral resources, Hovey displayed some remarkable sam­ ples. Among these were a 1,650 pound lump of zinc ore and a 500 pound lead nugget, both from mines in the Joplin area. Nearby stood a handsome altar fashioned from marble mined in Green­ field. Other exhibits featured coal from Northwest Missouri, iron ore from Iron Mountain and Pilot Knob, and clay products from a deposit near St. Louis.24 In the southeast section of the exposition grounds loomed the Forestry Building. Many state fair boards, including Missouri's, had contributed tree trunks used to hold up the roof of the spacious veranda surrounding the structure. Missouri's assigned exhibit space included a mere 1,000 square feet surrounded by a log wall

24 Board report, 7, 35-38; Bancroft, Book of the Fair, 476-477; St. Joseph Herald, April 25, July 26, 1893; St. Louis Republic, June 12, 1893. 386 Missouri Historical Review

four feet high. Inside visitors observed polished and rough samples of every type of tree grown in the state as well as specimens of commercially valuable vines and shrubs. The exhibit generated little comment and apparently was hardly noticed among far more impressive displays by states of the upp,er Midwest and the far Northwest. Only the polished disks cut from the giant trees found in the southwestern part of the state seemed to capture public attention. Some of these disks exceeded six feet in diameter. Missouri's education exhibit in the Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building included materials from common schools, normal schools, private colleges and the state university. Examples of student writing, photographs of school buildings and samples of student handicrafts crowded the many cabinets. Another small Missouri exhibit, installed in the Fish and Fisheries Building, fea­ tured nearly seventy stuffed and mounted fish illustrating the state's sport fishing resources. In the Anthropology Building the Missouri Historical Society, acting as an agent of the state fair commission, arranged an exhibit of prehistoric Indian utensils, weapons and religious artifacts found in various Indian mounds.25 Missouri enjoyed a particular prominence in the Woman's Building where one of the principal paintings in the main hall had been executed by Mrs. Mary MacMonnies of St. Louis. Titled Primitive Woman, MacMonnies's painting covered three panels and

25 Board report, 39-48; St. Joseph Herald, April 25, July 26, 1893; St. Louis Republic, June 18, 1893; Bancroft, Book of the Fair, 237-240.

Mining Building Columbian Exposition of 1893 387

A View of the Woman's Building from the Lagoon drew favorable reviews from critics, many of whom preferred her work to a companion piece, Modern Women by the famed im­ pressionist Mary Cassatt. Elsewhere in the building, the Board of Lady Managers displayed a volume listing every charitable wom­ an's organization in the United States. Information on Missouri had been provided by the women's world's fair association in St. Louis. Missouri women also were represented in the Inventions Room, where the Board of Lady Managers had attempted to show every article patented by a woman. Among the items was a "self-waiting" table and a pleating machine developed by Mrs. Elizabeth Howell of Maysville. A device to support hose represented Mrs. V.B. Harley from Kansas City, while Helen Powers of St. Louis dis­ played a spool holder. Many Missouri women contributed ex­ amples of fancy needlework for display in the Woman's Building. One of the most unusual examples of handicraft art came from Mrs. George Keith of Mattese, who fashioned bouquets of artificial flowers from the hair of women belonging to the St. Louis County world's fair association. Altogether nearly forty Missouri women had displays in the Woman's Building.26 Many of Missouri's private companies spent substantial sums of money on exhibits in hopes of increasing sales and profits. Among the more noteworthy corporate efforts at the exposition was the pavilion erected by the R.T. Davis Mill Company of St.

26 Weimann, The Fair Women, 194, 206-213; Burg, Chicago's White City, 164- 166; Bancroft, Book of the Fair, 261. See also Official Catalog of Exhibits in the World's Columbian Exposition Woman's Building (Chicago, 1893), passim; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, February 14, 1892; St. Joseph Herald, March 5, 1892; St. Louis Republic, February 19, 1893. 388 Missouri Historical Review

Joseph in the Agriculture Building. The booth represented a huge flour barrel, modestly described by the company as the largest in the world. A sign invited visitors to walk through the barrel and receive a free Aunt Jemima pancake made with the R.T. Davis Company's flour. Carpets, paintings and chairs decorated the bar­ rel, and here Missourians could find files of all the principal newspapers published in the state. In the Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building stood the imposing pavilion of the Mermod & Jaccard Jewelry Company of St. Louis. Covering more than 2,200 square feet, the cream- and gold-colored structure consisted of an ornately carved wall with a tower at each corner. Above the front entrance, huge red letters spelled out St. Louis. Inside, the com­ pany displayed two hundred pieces of jewelry made especially for the world's fair. Some of these pieces incorporated more than two hundred diamonds and cost in excess of $10,000.27 Another Missouri corporation represented at Jackson Park, the Anheuser-Busch Company, waged a spirited contest with the Pabst Brewing Company of Milwaukee for primacy in the competitive beer industry. Both firms believed that a first-place finish in the beer judging contest at the world's fair would enhance sales. A special world's fair committee administered the contest. It involved both taste tests and a detailed chemical analysis to determine the purity of the beers entered in the various categories. Throughout

27 Kansas City Star, August 14, 1893; Bancroft, Book of the Fair, 152-153; St. Louis Republic, June 18, 1893. Over fifty Missouri corporations received medals at the world's fair. See typescript "List of Awards" copied by Virginia Meredith from the original records, in the National Archives, Washington, D.C. Meredith's copy is in the library of the Chicago Historical Society.

Palace of Manufactures Columbian Exposition of 1893 389

The Brewers' Pavilion

the various stages of the competition, the products of the two breweries earned virtually identical ratings. However, the chemical analysis favored Anheuser-Busch when the chemist conducting the test reported impurities in the Pabst beers. For a brief time it appeared that Anheuser-Busch could claim the title of America's best in 1893. But the committee running the beer competition, chaired by a Milwaukeean, ruled the chemist inaccurate in his assessment and declared Pabst the winner by a single point in the scoring. Anheuser-Busch hired attorneys and appealed the decision to the awards committee of the world's fair National Commission. The committee sustained the original judgment. Pabst collected five medals and from then to now has trumpeted its victory on its label.28 Certainly, large numbers of Missourians were greatly excited by the world's fair. Besides those who labored to assemble the state's exhibits and the hundreds who donated materials for the state building and other displays, many Missourians simply wanted to be in Chicago to see the greatest show of the age. During the last three months of the fair, world's fair travelers nearly overwhelmed

28 Cassell and Cassell, "Wisconsin at the World's Columbian Exposition," 260; Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Sentinel, October 28 and 29, November 2, 3, 17, December 22, 1893; Kansas City Star, January 10, 1894. 390 Missouri Historical Review the railroad terminals in Kansas City and St. Louis. On the evening of October 7, for example, 2,000 residents of Kansas City boarded trains for the sixteen-hour ride to Chicago. The next day an addi­ tional 3,000 followed. For many Missourians the costs of a visit to the Columbian Exposition could only be obtained by participating in a savings program. Starting in 1892 world's fair savings clubs had sprung up in St. Louis and other communities. Members con­ tributed a fixed sum each week, usually a quarter, and organizers then used the money to purchase relatively cheap group rates on railroads and in Chicago hotels.29 Some Missourians adopted unusual means of traveling to Chi­ cago. A. Joe Hanley of the Kansas City Cyclists Club decided to race his bicycle a thousand miles from Oklahoma City to Chicago to see if he could break the existing distance record. The Hart brothers of Camden County adopted a much slower mode of transportation. Living in an isolated, rural area far from railroads and daily newspapers, the brothers had learned of the world's fair from a drawing pinned to a post office wall. Entranced by the beauty of the White City, they resolved to visit the exposition. Both men rented their farms, packed their wives and children in wagons,

29 Ibid., October 8, 9, 1893; St. Louis Republic, June 3, 1892. For examples of Missourians touring the exposition grounds, see the 1893 volume in Henry C. Fike Diaries, 1851-1919, Joint Collection, University of Missouri Western Historical Manuscript Collection, Columbia and State Historical Society of Missouri Manu­ scripts, and the Mary Martha Truman Diary, Harry S. Truman Library, Inde­ pendence, Missouri. Fike saw the fair in October and Truman in June.

For an agricultural display, Missourians reproduced a horse of grain. Columbian Exposition of 1893 391

and began the long trek to Chicago in May. Whenever they ran short of cash, the men took temporary jobs as farm hands. By early August they reached Jackson Park and went to the state building where they told their story. Amused officials gave them a reception and made arrangements for employment to finance their return trip to Missouri.30 One measure of Missouri's success at the Columbian Exposi­ tion was the number of awards earned by state exhibits. Overall Missouri displays earned over 400 medals, diplomas or premiums. Of this number, 300 came from the livestock department where Missouri entries appeared particularly strong in dairy and beef cattle competitions. No state surpassed Missouri in the number of awards given to mules, saddle horses, merino sheep and Berkshire hogs. Nicholas Gentry, president of the state world's fair board, received 33 awards of excellence for the hogs raised at his farm near Sedalia. L.E. Shattuck of Stanberry earned the most awards. His sheep received 52 premiums and one medal. Missourians also fared well in the education department, where fine displays of student work from the schools of St. Louis and Kansas City helped the state earn 18 medals. The mining exhibit also received 18 awards while the agricultural and horticulture displays won 17 and 12 respectively.31 As the Columbian Exposition neared its conclusion, Missouri world's fair officials prepared to disassemble the state's exhibits. The state building sold for only $350, a tenth of its original cost. Officials disposed of furniture used by the world's fair commis­ sioners at public auction. By state law, the Missouri exhibits, assembled at state expense, were sent to St. Louis and entrusted to the St. Louis Exposition and Music Hall Association, sponsor of a municipal fair held each fall. The law further provided that, at the end of 1895, most of the exhibits would be transferred to the state university in Columbia as the basis of a university museum. One exception, the mining exhibit, was shipped to the state mining school at Rolla for instructional purposes. The world's fair commis­ sion returned $1,400 of its $150,000 appropriations to the state treasury and made its final report in December 1894.32 30 Kansas City Star, July 22, 1893; St. Joseph Herald, August 6, 1893; St. Louis Republic, June 3, 1892. 31 Board report, 7; Meredith, "List of Awards," passim. 32 Board report, 52-63; Board minutes, October 28, 1893, February 22, 1894. See also University of Missouri, President's Reports, 1893-1894, Volume I, 5, 17, 18, 27; R.H. Jesse to J.G. Babb, October 23, 1895, Frank Gaienne to R.H. Jesse, October 21, 1895; Gaienne to Babb, October 31, and November 4, 1895, University of Missouri, President's Office Papers, 1892-1966, all in Joint Collecton, WHMC-SHS, Columbia. 392 Missouri Historical Review

David R. Francis

The effects of the Columbian Exposition on Missouri are not easy to identify. State residents differed among themselves as to the value of their efforts. A deep depression spread across America in 1893 that lasted four years and likely reduced the economic benefits Missouri and other states had expected from the fair. Urban beautification movements, which had been given a power­ ful impulse by the world's fair, immediately affected Kansas City. Citizens set about cleaning its streets and improving its parks at the urging of people who had seen Jackson Park. The state university, recently rebuilt after a devastating fire, valued the world's fair exhibits as a major asset. Many residents agreed with former Governor Francis that Missouri had helped itself by making a creditable display of its resources and manufacturing capabilities. A few newspaper editorial writers argued that the fair's most important contribution was to educate Missourians about their own state. Some noted a persistent parochialism in Missouri's attitude that may have ended because the state had successfully partici­ pated in the international exposition. But Republican newspapers in Kansas City and St. Joseph professed to see nothing but failure in Missouri's exposition program. Apparently fearing Democrats would reap political rewards for their leadership in fair planning, these papers attacked everything from the design of the state Columbian Exposition of 1893 393 building to the freshness of the fruits in the pomological display. Some even suggested, but never proved, that the world's fair commission misspent public funds.33 The most obvious impact of Missouri's participation in the Chicago world's fair centered upon the Louisiana Purchase Exposi­ tion held more than a decade later. David Francis, who had sought the Columbian Exposition for St. Louis in 1889 and then insured that Missouri would have a large presence in Chicago, became president of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company. The former governor and American diplomat had been influenced profoundly by the earlier fair. In 1902, he told a group of probate judges that he had moved his family to Chicago for two months during 1892 so that his six sons might observe the building process and meet people from many nations. But Francis was not the only official of the 1904 exposition inspired by the Chicago show. Frederick J. Skiff, director of the mines and mining department at the Columbian Exposition, became director of exhibits for the St. Louis fair. Washington University professor Halsey C. Ives of St. Louis served as director of the art department at both fairs and employed Charles Kurtz of St. Louis as an assistant at each event. Willard A. Smith headed the transporation departments in Chicago and St. Louis, and at least three other departmental directors at the 1904 event had been administrators during the earlier fair.34 Such intimate connections help to explain the many parallels between these two great world's fairs. Not only did they share a common architectural vocabulary, but they also held similar as­ sumptions about the purpose of such expositions. Both sought comprehensiveness and universality in exhibits demonstrating man­ kind's physical progress. Even more, they worked to extend human knowledge and promote international peace through intellectual congresses that brought the finest minds in the world together to discuss critical issues. Finally, the organizers of the St. Louis fair

33 Kansas City Star, March 16, 22, June 26, July 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 18, and December 6, 1893; St. Joseph Herald, June 4, 11, 16, 1893; Biennial Message of Governor David R. Francis to the Thirty-Seventh General Assembly of the State of Missouri (Jefferson City, 1893), 28-29. 34 David R. Francis, Speech to the Probate Judges of Missouri, January 3, 1902, in Francis Papers; Burg, Chicago's White City, 337. See also John Wesley Hanson, The Official History of the Fair: St. Louis, 1904 (St. Louis, 1904). Hanson lists the principal officials in each of the exhibition departments thus allowing comparison with the records of the Columbian Exposition. Hanson also discusses a few of the ways Chicago's fair influenced St. Louis, ibid., 59-61. The other three directors were Joseph A. Holmes (Mines and Metallurgy), Frederick W. Taylor (Agriculture and Horticulture), and Tarleton H. Bean (Forestry, Fish, and Game). 394 Missouri Historical Review learned from the Chicago experience that a world's fair must attract the interest and participation of a great many political, social and economic groups to be accepted as a legitimate expres­ sion of the nation. Thus in Forest Park, many states erected buildings as they had in Jackson Park, for pride and the hope of attracting new business opportunities.35

Badger, The Great American Fair, 19; Hanson, Official History, 59-61.

On the Lighter Side

Lawrence County Historical Society Bulletin, October, 1985. Around the turn of the century W.S. Banner owned a grocery store at Mt. Vernon named "The Banner Store." Mr. Banner used to deliver groceries around town by horse and buggy. The horse was fitted with an old-fashioned feed bag and could munch contentedly while Mr. Banner stopped on his appointed rounds. One day, while Mr. Banner was delivering an order, his horse became choked and died. A neighbor rushed in and shouted, "Mr. Banner, I think your horse just choked and died." "Well, I don't know," Mr. Banner said, "he never did."

Finding a Room

Boonville Weekly Eagle, January 20, 1871. Just as a traveler was writing his name on the register of a Lexington hotel, a bedbug sallied out and took its way across the page. The man paused and remarked: "I've been bled by the St. Joe fleas, bitten by Kansas City spiders, interviewed by Fort Scott graybacks, and read the Boonville Advertiser, but I'll be d d if I was ever in a place before where the bedbugs looked over the hotel register to find out where your room was!"

The Druggist's Board

Lancaster Excelsior, April 30, 1915. An Independence druggist, who boards at a hotel, has struck a novel bargain with the landlord, according to the Free Press. The druggist took out a 20-year life insurance policy for $5,000 in favor of the hotel man, and in return for paying the premiums thereon, the landlord gives him board and lodging free. The druggist figures that if the hotel man doesn't die in twenty years, he will save $3,793 in board bills. The hotel man will save $1,400 in groceries and room rent if the druggist pays the premiums to the maturity of the policy, and his profits will be greater than that if the druggist dies before the policy is paid out. The chief matter of concern to the hotel man just now is the druggist's health. S. W. Mo. Flee. R. R. Assoc. Trolley Orianna on the Tracks of Southwest Missouri Railway Near Lakeside Park, About 18«7 Nothing Seemed Impossible: Frank N. Moore and the Mineral Cities Railway

BY ROBERT E. SMITH"

Men made fortunes in mining the lead and zinc ore deposits of the Tri-State Mineral District of Southwest Missouri and adjoining Oklahoma and Kansas. But one eastern entrepreneur thought that transportation in the district would be his road to success. On that day in 1900, when Frank N. Moore boarded one of the sleek pea green and yellow Southwest Missouri Electric Railroad cars, he had to be impressed. To Moore, a representative of the new industrial society, the potential of the interurban captivated his entrepreneurial instincts. Despite the presence of a Carthage

-Robert E. Smith is professor of History at Missouri Southern State College, Toolin He received the B.S. Ed. degree from Northwest Missouri State Universi y, Marvville and the MA and Ph.D in History from Oklahoma State University sin water' Support for this research came from grants from the Tri-State Mineral MuseunTprojert, the city of Joplin, the Missouri Southern Foundation and Missouri Southern State College.

395 396 Missouri Historical Review line, he decided to enter the competition and supply transportation in the Tri-State mining region.1 Originating at Carthage, the single track line ran 36.61 miles to the west. While Moore must have admired the railway, the company's formidable investment did not discourage him. He realized that the Southwest Missouri Electric Railroad would be an exceptional competitor.2 Moore learned that A.H. Rogers, a native of Iowa, headed the Southwest Missouri Electric Railroad. Rogers, a Harvard graduate, had served as a bank cashier in Springfield after coming to Mis­ souri in 1886. In 1889 he invested in a mule-drawn street railway operating between Webb City and Carterville. Several years later Rogers provided the driving force in the establishment of the Southwest Missouri Street Railroad.3 Frank Moore, a Pennsylvania native, saw the potential of the Tri-State Mineral District of Missouri, Kansas and Oklahoma. Born in 1858, he lived on a farm with his parents in Bradford County in Northeast Pennsylvania. He attended Rome Academy, Owego (New York) Academy, and the Lowell Business College of Bing- hamton, New York, before graduating from Wyoming Seminary in Kingston, Pennsylvania. Afterward, Moore married Ida Elizabeth LeVan, a local girl, in 1882. The next spring he moved his family to Baxter Springs, Kansas, where he entered the stock ranching busi­ ness. In 1885, the Moores returned to the family farm in Bradford County. While farming in northern Pennsylvania, Moore became a temperance advocate, a Methodist and a Mason. He devoted even more time to the Grange because it did so much for farming.4 The Moores had five children. Jennie, the oldest, born in Baxter Springs in 1884, would be followed in 1886 by Guy LeVan,

1 For a colorful description of interurban travel, see William D. Middleton, "Goodbye To The Interurban," American Heritage, XVIII (April, 1966), 30-41, 66-71. 2 "Street and Electric Railways," Bulletin No. 3, United States Census Office (Washington, D.C., 1903), 50-51. 3 "Alfred Harrison Rogers," typescript biography, office of Lang Rogers, Joplin, Missouri. 4 Clement F. Heverly, History and Geography of Bradford County, Pennsyl­ vania, 1615-1924 (Towanda, Penn., 1976), 125; Helen M. Wilson, librarian, The Historical Society of Western Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to the author, January 25, 1985; Georgiana Gunther, Johnstown, Pennsylvania, to the author, June 17, 1985. Nothing Seemed Impossible 397 who died the following year. May joined the family in 1889, and then Ida gave birth to twin girls Ellen and Helen in 1892. Ellen died within a year, but three daughters survived. Moore ran for the state legislature where he won in 1892 and again in 1894. While in the state assembly, he became known as "Farmer Moore" because he distinguished himself by writing and sponsoring seventeen laws important to agriculture and rural transportation.5 Public spirited "Farmer Moore" did not run for reelection in 1896. Before long he served as a captain in the U.S. Army. When the United States declared war on Spain in April 1898, Moore organized local men into a unit formally established on July 12, 1898, as Company M, 9th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer In­ fantry.6 After his discharge Frank Moore searched for commercial opportunities. In early 1900, he went to Pioneer in Barry County, Southwest Missouri. The mining potential of the area intrigued him. Pioneer, located near the famous lead mining and smelting town of Granby, showed promise of similar mineral development. Moore and Joplin mine brokers Henry and Fletcher Clear soon started a development firm. Their company secured a large tract of land near Pioneer and initiated a scheme offering ten acre deeds to individuals willing to prospect the tract. Moore and his col­ leagues successfully interested miners in their proposition. They discovered shallow ore, launched a stock company and added a partner, W.W. Kimball. The enterprise, named the Union City Realty and Mining Company, platted a new town, Union City, eight miles from Pioneer. Soon the Clear brothers moved to the new town site where they ran the company.7 With the Clear brothers managing the operation in Union City, Moore moved to Joplin because he recognized this large exciting

5 Obituary of Frank N. Moore, Towanda, Pennsylvania, Daily Review, Febru­ ary 24, 1936; Helen Landmesser, Bradford County Historical Society, Towanda, Pennsylvania, to the author, March 22, 1985; E.D. Hartshorn, Veterans Services Officer, Regional Office, Veterans Administration, St. Louis, Missouri, to the author, April 18, 1985; Gunther to the author, June 17, 1985; Michael Frantz, Towanda Daily Review, to the author, April 7, 1985; U.S. Census, 12th Report, 1900, "Bradford County, Pennsylvania." 6 Commission of Captain Frank N. Moore, Company M, 9th Regiment, Penn­ sylvania Volunteers, July 12, 1898, Bradford County Historical Society, Towanda, Pennsylvania; Towanda Daily Review, July 13, 1908. 7 "Promoters of Electric Line," Joplin Globe, November 24, 1900. 398 Missouri Historical Review

boom city as the heart of the Tri- State District. Joplin served as the center for most of the signifi­ cant transactions involving min­ ing and its supporting industries. Moore turned his attention to an interurban railway development scheme. He already had shown an interest in improving farm transportation and in the inter­ urban railroad. His extensive trav­ els brought him in contact with interurbans which appeared at the turn of the century. An inter­ urban railroad differed from an electric street railway, which pro­ vided only local service with per­ haps a short extension to an amuse­ ment park. The interurban railroad linked two or more towns by an electric railway, which could pro­ vide additional services to those offered by a steam railroad.

Bradford Co. Hist. Soc, Moore's venture into the inter­ Towanda, Penn. urban world came just prior to Capt. Frank N. Moore, 1898 the first boom in their develop­ ment lasting from 1901 to 1904. The former army captain appeared caught in the interurban mania.8 In 1900, the Southwest Missouri Electric Railroad connected Carthage, Missouri, with Galena, Kansas, and principal stops at Carterville, Webb City and Joplin, Missouri. Moore believed that additional interurbans could prosper in the booming Tri-State Mining District. Buoyed by his optimism, he submitted a proposed electric street railway franchise on November 20, 1900, to the city council in Joplin, the core of the Tri-State Mining District. By the end of the decade almost 40,000 lived there. In addition, Moore observed that some towns, formerly raw mining camps surround-

8 H. Roger Grant, "Electric Traction Promotion in Oklahoma," in Donovan L. Hofsommer, ed., Railroads in Oklahoma (Oklahoma City, Okla., 1977), 95-96. Nothing Seemed Impossible 399 ing Joplin, also gained population. These included Galena, Kansas, approaching 6,000 residents by 1905, Webb City, Missouri, a similar- sized city a few miles northeast of Joplin and Carthage, Missouri. In addition, small mining communities near Joplin added 2,000 each to the population. They demanded additional public services and amenities available at the turn of the century. Moore realized that electric rail service could provide just those needs.9 Although Moore's franchise was located in Joplin's city limits, he proposed establishing four streetcar lines to serve the locale. This rail network crisscrossed the city and line number four ex­ tended south to the popular scenic spot, Grand Falls. He believed that he could start construction on line one by March 1, 1901, and complete work on all lines by January 1, 1903. Moore planned to charge five cents for a streetcar ride to any point on each of the lines but would give riders a transfer to any other line. At the next meeting of the city council, a few days later, the franchise was amended to give workers half-fare rides on the streetcars between the hours of 5:30 to 7:00 A.M. and from 5:00 to 6:30 P.M. The council also approved an additional amendment which, at Moore's request, gave him the right to use electricity, liquid air or compressed air to power the streetcars. Moore told the Joplin City Council com­ pressed air as a motive source had impressed him.10 Before the city council session, a Joplin Globe reporter inter­ viewed Moore. Moore said his anxious colleagues wanted to build the road but balked at revealing specific details about individuals or financial backing. Moore mentioned "great Scranton construc­ tion companies" and other Pennsylvania "capitalists" would furnish ample evidence of their financial ability by putting up a $10,000 bond to initiate construction. He pledged to finish the project within the time limit stipulated in the franchise. To develop more credibility, Moore noted his involvement in other enterprises, in­ cluding director of the Pittsburgh, Binghamton and Eastern Rail­ road.11

9 An interesting history of the Southwest Missouri Railroad is Harry C. Hood, Sr., The Southwest Missouri Railroad (Webb City, Mo., 1975); "New Street Railway Bill," Joplin Globe, November 21, 1900; for an excellent survey of the development of the Tri-State District see Arrell M. Gibson, Wilderness Bonanza: The Tri-State District of Missouri, Kansas, and Oklahoma (Norman, Okla., 1972). 10 "Is Anxious For Franchise," Joplin Globe, November 22, 1900; "Recom­ mended The Franchise," ibid., November 27, 1900. 11 "Promoters of Electric Line," ibid., November 24, 1900; perhaps Moore embellished his importance in the interurban railroad field. An examination of Poor's Manual of Railroads located the Pittsburgh, Binghamton and Eastern Rail­ road, but Frank N. Moore does not appear. He was not an officer of any of the Scranton, Pennsylvania, streetcar lines during this era. Benjamin F.G. Kline, Jr., 400 Missouri Historical Review

First Electric Streetcar in Tri-State District, Carterville-Webb City Area, About 1891

W. Mo. Elec. R. R. Assoc

On November 30, the Globe enthusiastically noted under a headline proclaiming "New Plans for Joplin," that numerous en­ trepreneurs wanted to locate in Joplin where "Twelve Deals Pend­ ing" showed potential business activity. The newspaper character­ ized the promoters of the electric railway as, "men of ample capital," but ones who would not be happy "with a franchise that does not give them what they consider a fair chance to make their investment profitable." Finally on December 5, 1900, the Joplin City Council approved the Moore franchise. A.B. Dunning, con­ sulting engineer for Moore, left Joplin for Scranton, Pennsylvania, to present the franchise to Moore's other associates. Dunning informed a reporter that a $2,500 deposit would be sent to the city of Joplin after he conferred with the Scranton associates. This money would guarantee the good faith of the Moore Company. The potential development possibilities of the Grand Falls Division excited the engineer. The promoters expected to open this natural park to streetcar passengers by midsummer at the latest. Dunning expressed surprise that developers had neglected a park with so acting curator, Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, Strasburg, Pennsylvania, to the author, February 25, 1985; Allison Chandler, Trolley Through The Countryside (Denver, Colo., 1963), 133. Nothing Seemed Impossible 401 much natural beauty located only four miles from downtown Joplin.12 The visits to the East seemed to yield positive results. Follow­ ing a trip to Pennsylvania seeking financial and technical assistance in mid-January 1901, Moore returned to Joplin. A.D. Blackington, an engineer, and I.F. Megargel, a railroad construction specialist, represented Scranton individuals interested in the Moore electric line. Moore and his colleagues stated they would have no difficulty meeting the February 5 deposit deadline with $2,500 good faith funds or raising the $10,000 bond required in the contract. The interurban railway route chosen by Moore pleased the Pennsyl­ vania visitors. The Tri-State Mining District's potential also im­ pressed them. They saw huge crowds of miners and their families pouring into Joplin to shop and to spend their weekends. Before returning to Pennsylvania, the gentlemen inspected a possible interurban route which Moore had chosen for a future road to Baxter Springs, Kansas.13 By the end of January, Frank Moore viewed the future of his line more optimistically. Two more of his associates, CM. Busch of Atlantic City, New Jersey, and B.H. Warren of West Chester, Pennsylvania, arrived in Joplin and accepted the franchise and bond deposit stipulations. These men served on the board of directors of the Moore electric line, designated the Mineral Cities Railway Company. Busch held the office of president and Moore, treasurer. The Mineral Cities Railway Company received a Mis­ souri state charter listing the aforenamed board of directors with four additional members from the Joplin area. The local members owned only one share of stock while Busch held 150 shares, Moore 150 and Warren bought 196 shares. By the first part of February, the Joplin city government confidently expected the Mineral Cities line to commence construction in the immediate future. Then they received word from Missouri Secretary of State Samuel B. Cook of the company's incorporation for 50 years with a capital of $500,000.H

12 "New Plans For Joplin," Joplin Globe, November 30, 1900; Joplin City Ordinance, Number 1458, December 5, 1900, City Clerk's Office, Municipal Build­ ing, Joplin, Missouri; "The New Moore Electric Line," Joplin Globe, December 7, 1900; related to the author by Joy Thompson, City Clerk, Joplin, Missouri, in a personal interview on January 26, 1984. 13 "The New Electric Line," Joplin Globe, January 13, 1901. 14 "The Mineral Cities Railway Line," ibid., January 30, 1901; Missouri State Charter, Mineral Cities Railway Company, January 30, 1901, Office of the Secretary of State, Capitol, Jefferson City, Missouri; "Mineral Cities Road," Joplin Globe, February 2, 1901. 402 Missouri Historical Review

Busch returned to New Jersey, but observed other interurban lines on his way east. After comparing them to the existing South­ west Missouri Electric Railroad, Busch wrote that he had found no line more up-to-date than the Southwest Missouri, and he pledged to equip his fledgling line with the finest equipment available. Busch stated that within five years the Tri-State District and Joplin, because of its certain population growth and commercial im­ portance, would invite the attention of investors throughout the country.15

In March, Moore obtained a franchise for the Mineral Cities Railway in Galena, Kansas. This move reflected the interest of the promoters in constructing a line to the Baxter Springs area. The Galena City Council did not approve a Southwest Missouri fran­ chise. Its local line built a "dinky" streetcar line which connected with the main Southwest Missouri, south of the city. The signing of the Galena franchise contributed more rumors. Newspapers re­ ported that Moore would use the Mineral Cities to haul coal

m u ?e J W Electric Line' ibid-> February 15, 1901; several articles in Joplin Ulobe referred to Busch as an eastern industrialist. Apparently a land speculator he served as president of Busch Land Company of Atlantic City, New Jersey Virginia Brown, librarian, State Library, New Jersey Department of Education, Trenton New Jersey, to the author, April 3, 1985; Barbara Koedel, librarian, the Atlantic County Historical Society, Somers Point, New Jersey, to the author, April 8, 1985.

Oxen Pulling Wagon at 12th & Military Streets, Baxter Springs, Kans., About 1882 Baxter Springs Hist. Soc, Kans. im.

$£44*t\' 'Z*^'^?^ "*"-*'; Nothing Seemed Impossible 403 because he secretly signed contracts with coal operators. Leaks seemingly confirmed these reports, going so far as to set the cost for each ton of coal hauled over the electric line. By mid-April, after another trip to Pennsylvania, Moore returned to report that he secured rights-of-way for the Mineral Cities. Moore did not antici­ pate any difficulty and hoped to start construction soon. However, he appeared overly optimistic. By late May, he admitted that several landowners would not sign over the right-of-way. Another setback occurred on May 7, when Moore rejected the terms of the Galena, Kansas, franchise because he disliked the route stipulated by the city and connections with the local dinky streetcar line.16 Difficulty acquiring rights-of-way did not discourage Moore from using his boundless energy to fulfill his dream. In a July meeting with 100 Pittsburg, Kansas, businessmen, he outlined plans for the Mineral Cities. He described a 51-mile route extending north from Galena, Kansas, to Minden, Missouri. According to the enthusiastic promoter, the electric line would accommodate 55,800 people daily because it would connect with the Southwest Missouri Electric Railroad and tap the population of the district served by this interurban. In August, the Globe reported meetings between Moore and Southwest Missouri vice president E.Z. Wallower. Sup­ posedly, Moore and Wallower agreed on a community of interest between the two lines. They had several discussions over the route out of Joplin, because both railways would run parallel lines between Joplin and Galena. During the negotiations, Moore reportedly abandoned plans for a Grand Falls extension because landowners there overcharged for their rights-of-way. As an alternative, the Mineral Cities pre­ pared to build from Blendville to Joplin, then east to Joplin Street. The line would turn and run north on Joplin Street before angling west to Chitwood Hollow, Empire and on to Galena, connecting there with the Southwest Missouri Electric Railroad. Before leaving for vacation in Denver, Colorado, on August 6, Wallower tried to squelch another rumor that the Mineral Cities would become a

16 "Moore Line in Galena," Joplin Globe, March 8, 1901; Galena City Ordinance, Number 198, March 16, 1901, City Clerk's Office, Municipal Building, Galena, Kansas; "An Electric Coal Railroad," Joplin Globe, March 17, 1901; related to the author by Barbara Wilkins, City Clerk, and Judy Johnston, City Treasurer, Galena, Kansas, in personal interviews on January 9, 1985; "Mineral Cities Coal Road," Joplin Globe, April 16, 1901; "The Mineral Cities Road," ibid., May 25, 1901; rejection of Galena City Ordinance Number 198, May 7, 1901, Galena City Clerk's Office. 404 Missouri Historical Review

E. Z. Wallower

Norval Matthews Mus., MSSC, Joplin

"Coal Road." According to Wallower, "the carrying of coal was not even contemplated, as it would be strictly a passenger road if built." He also cautioned the Globe about leaking news relating to a proposed Mineral Cities line between Galena and Pittsburg. He said that it had "a tendency to check rather than aid the under­ taking/'17 Progress stalled on the Mineral Cities project during the fall of 1901, but by late winter, Moore activated his company. On Febru­ ary 1, 1902, the Mineral Cities received a Kansas state charter. Designating Frank Moore as president and major stockholder of the concern with 9,970 shares of stock valued at $100 par each, it reported the assets of the Mineral Cities at $1,500,000. All the other

TW",W T 1 IT i^fiCt«!S Lme' l°Pto* G}ohe> July 16, 1901; "Moore Electric Line, *£^ July 27, 1901; Greatest Electric Line on the Face of the Earth " ibid August 6, 1901; Mineral Cities Line Will Not Be Coal Road," ibid August 7 1901 Nothing Seemed Impossible 405 members of the seven-person board of directors came from the Tri-State District and each held five shares of stock.18 Later in February, W.T. Mitchell of Kansas City, Missouri, received the contract to install steel rails for the Mineral Cities. Mitchell would use 70-pound rails considered the best quality available. Also that month, Moore obtained another Joplin franchise extending the time limit and altering the routes in the first franchise. He had received news from New York indicating he could finance construction of his railroad. Also, he secured franchises in all the towns along the line and prepared to commence construction of the road.19 In July, Moore told Joplin Mayor John C. Trigg he had completed financial arrangements and the Pound Construction Company of Chicago would break ground on the line within two weeks. He also indicated the main Mineral Cities power plant would be located in Pittsburg, Kansas. On July 15, Nicholas D. Pound, company president, and superintendent of construction W.A. Wiswell arrived in Joplin. Electrical engineer John Knox, who had drawn up the plans and specifications for the Mineral Cities Railway, joined them, and the three men immediately inspected the proposed railway route. The residents of the Smelter Hill area of Joplin surprised the company officials by protesting because they did not think that the Mineral Cities would ever build to their community.20 Then, officials encountered problems when the Pittsburg City Council unexpectedly refused to grant Moore a franchise. Many residents along the proposed line appeared happy to sell Moore a right-of-way, but still the city council refused to bend. Political opposition in the form of a streetcar line in Pittsburg opposed Mineral Cities competition, but Moore felt confident his line also merited a franchise.21 18 Kansas State Charter, Mineral Cities Railway Company, February 1, 1902, Office of the Secretary of State, Capitol, Topeka, Kansas. 19 "Bad Weather Stops Work on the Katy Extension," Joplin Globe, February 22, 1901; Joplin City Ordinance, Number 1763, February 26, 1902, Joplin City Clerk's Office; "Are Ready To Build Line," Joplin Globe, March 9, 1902; Barbara S. West, city clerk, City of Scammon, Kansas, to the author, April 16, 1985. 20 "Roads Galore to Chitwood," Joplin Globe, July 11, 1901; "The Mineral Cities Street Railway Line Is Now Assured," ibid., July 13, 1902; "Joplin's New Electric Ry. " ibid., July 15, 1902; Chicago Historical Society to the author, February 14, 1985. 21 "Pittsburg Has Not Granted Captain Moore A Franchise," Joplin Globe, July 27, 1902. Moore could not obtain a Mineral Cities franchise in Pittsburg. There were several streetcar franchises in Pittsburg beginning with the Pittsburg Electric Railway franchise passed on March 20, 1890. Book of Pittsburg, Kansas, City Ordinances, Municipal Building, Pittsburg, Kansas; Karen K. Garman, city clerk, to the author, April 2, 1985. 406 Missouri Historical Review

^;^: ^v^:/Xr\,^^/^^|>:. « .* -• Tri-St. Mineral Mus., Joplin Street Scene in a Mining Town Near Joplin

The misleading flurry of activity in the Mineral Cities offices during July 1902, accomplished very little. Then Moore's chief competitor, the Southwest Missouri Electric Railroad, preempted the news with an initial report of the sale of the Southwest Missouri, which corporate officer E.Z. Wallower hotly denied on October 4. Earlier in June, Southwest Missouri president and general manager A.H. Rogers had indicated an extension of the line to Chitwood passing through the Smelter Hill community. His report calmed the fears of its residents that they would be left without an electric line. But on July 21, Rogers withdrew his company's franchise to build to Chitwood because Moore had assured him that the Mineral Cities would reach Chitwood by October 1, 1902, and would complete a line to Pittsburg by June 10, 1903. When October 1 came and still the Mineral Cities had not started construction, President Rogers took decisive action. After returning from the Southwest Missouri line corporate offices in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Rogers reversed his position again. He proposed extending his line through Chitwood and constructing another to Carl Junction, Missouri. Within days Rogers ordered ten carloads of ties and planned to complete the project in record time, without compromising safety in the interest of speed.22 The Mineral Cities began grading its line from Gray Avenue to

22 "An Extension To Chitwood," Joplin Globe, June 25, 1902; "S.W. Mo. Electric Railway Co. Withdraws Chitwood Franchise," ibid., July 22, 1902; "A Trolley to Carl Junction," ibid., October 7, 1902; "Southwest Mo. Electric Ry. Co. Asks Council for A Franchise," ibid., October 8, 1902; "Carl Junction Extension," ibid., October 19, 1902. Nothing Seemed Impossible 407

McCoy Street in Joplin. A newspaper reporter learned that the slow pace of construction meant the company "is building in accordance with the best modern railway practice and the work shows that it has been done first class." Concrete bridges and 48- feet-long cars would enable them to run at speeds of 40 miles per hour. Moore and his colleagues also purchased 85 acres of land along Spring River where they proposed to build, for their pas­ sengers, the "finest park" in the area.23 President Rogers ignored this activity. When the Joplin Globe interviewed him, he maintained that his line would build an exten­ sion as far as Carl Junction. Rogers indicated that he had no plans to build to Baxter Springs despite numerous rumors circulating to that effect.24 On December 2, the Joplin City Council took action that Rogers had not anticipated. In a meeting attended by an overflow crowd, the council turned down the Southwest Missouri franchise. A petition, signed by 1,300 residents of Joplin's 7th Ward, favored the franchise but that did not deter the council from its action. Chitwood Mayor Gillum stated the Southwest Missouri appeared the only electric line people of Chitwood could count on at that time, and he pleaded with the city council. His community did not have trolley transportation and could obtain only unreliable hack lines at exhorbitant rates. The next day Wallower of the Southwest Missouri attacked the council's action. He blasted the council for not acting in the interests of Joplin citizens. In a back-handed slap at Moore and his Mineral Cities colleagues, Wallower stated, "They [the Southwest Missouri] have never asked for anything they did not mean to carry out. They are not promoters, nor do they intend to offer stock, contracts or a gold brick to councilmen." He contended that the Southwest Missouri would expand only when the traffic of the region warranted such action. On December 5, 1902, Joplin Mayor Trigg defended the council in the Joplin Globe. He questioned the validity of the petition signed by 1,300 residents of the 7th Ward. Trigg believed the signers resided in all parts of the city and that many were women and children. The mayor also stated the Southwest Missouri franchise omitted the two-and-a- half-cent fare clause for workers during rush hours incorporated in the Mineral Cities franchise. Trigg noted that, unlike the Mineral Cities, the Southwest Missouri franchise did not mention a two

23 "Building New Electric Ry.," ibid., October 21, 1902. 24 "Build To Carl Junction First," ibid., November 4, 1902. 408 Missouri Historical Review

percent gross earnings tax within the city, which would go to the city of Joplin. He further chided Wallower for his reference to promoters. Trigg reminded Wallower that like Moore, Wallower, also a Pennsylvanian, had used every means at his disposal to defeat the Baker-Kahlo franchise in the city of Joplin.25 During the controversy, Moore announced the Mineral Cities Railway would use Shanghai tee rails within the Joplin city limits. The Mineral Cities president wanted to lay these tracks on Joplin Street, the best paved road in the city. Until an electric power plant could be built, Moore chose compressed air to power street­ cars. In January 1903, Mineral Cities attorney, Colonel Sam Price

25 "Council Kills The Franchise Asked For By Southwest Missouri Electric Railway Co.," ibid., December 3, 1902; "Mr. E.Z. Wallower of Southwest Mo. Elec. Ry. Co. on Council's Action," ibid., December 4, 1902; "Mayor Trigg Defends Action of the City Council," ibid., December 6, 1902.

This map, "Commercial Wedlock of Coal Belt and Zinc District," appeared in the Joplin Globe, February 8, 1903. It has been redrawn by Brent Beckley, Drafting and Design Department, Missouri Southern State College, Joplin. Nothing Seemed Impossible 409

of St. Louis, announced that work on the new road would begin on January 8. Price confidently told Mayor Trigg that it would not be necessary to ask for an extension of time because he expected the streetcars would run to Chitwood by March 1. He explained that the last construction delay occurred because of a contract squabble between the Mineral Cities and the construction company building the railway. Despite the alibi everything looked promising, when in February, the Mineral Cities placed orders for rails and ties. J.L. Eliff of Anderson, Missouri, would supply the ties, and Moore expressed confidence they would be laid on the line to Chitwood in a short time. Upbeat again, he proudly described the large beautiful cars his interurban line would soon acquire.26 On February 8, 1903, the Joplin Globe printed an elaborate map of the proposed Mineral Cities Railway. An article, entitled "Commercial Wedlock of Coal Belt and Zinc District," brimmed over with praise of the project. As the construction pace picked up, Moores enthusiasm increased. Finally, his dream would come true. Additional ties arrived slated for use on the Chitwood line. By mid- February, the Joplin Club recommended, if Moore had difficulty meeting his March 1 franchise deadline, it should be extended without penalty for three months. Respected Joplin Judge O.H. Picher spoke before the group praising the Mineral Cities. The South Joplin Club also favored extending more time to Moore without penalty. Other Joplin businessmen jumped on the band­ wagon by praising Moore's efforts.27 To everyone's surprise on February 17, the city council refused to extend the time limit on the Mineral Cities Railway Company franchise. However, it left the door open for passage of an amend­ ed Mineral Cities franchise. A few council members said they would reconsider a new Southwest Missouri Electric Railroad franchise to build northwest to Chitwood and Carl Junction. Ob­ viously, most council members wanted both lines to succeed, but the city government should obtain funds from these concerns. Within a week, it appeared the council would act favorably on the franchises of both lines. On February 25, it granted favorable 26 "Will Use the Shanghai Rail," ibid., December 7, 1902; "Will Not Ask For Extension," ibid., January 6, 1903; "Orders For Rails and Ties," ibid., February 5, 1903; "Two Carloads of Ties Shipped," ibid., February 8, 1903. 27 "Commercial Wedlock of Coal Belt and Zinc District," ibid., February 8, 1903; "Two Carloads Ties Arrived," ibid., February 10, 1903; "Joplin Club Recom­ mends Extension of Mineral Cities Franchise: Judge Picher Says Inter-Urban System Will Be of Greater Benefit than Entrance of Rock Island," ibid., February 12, 1903; "Extension is Favored," ibid., February 13, 1903; "Businessmen of Joplin Are In Favor of Extending the Mineral Cities Franchise," ibid., February 17, 1903. 410 Missouri Historical Review franchises to both. The two-and-a-half-cent fare to be charged passengers during rush hours, dropped from the Mineral Cities franchise, made it almost identical to the Southwest Missouri. A Globe cartoon indicated it was time for both electric roads to "get busy."28 Editor Guy Hatfield of the Carl Junction World, welcomed the prospect of an electric interurban passing through his com­ munity. Either the Southwest Missouri or the Mineral Cities would connect his town with other communities in the Tri-State Mineral District. By early March the Southwest Missouri extended toward Carl Junction. Rogers predicted his road would reach the town by September 1, 1903.29 Pleased with the dual franchise in Joplin, Moore disputed rumors of his dissatisfaction. He went to Chicago to hasten de­ livery of equipment and supplies. The Mineral Cities and the

28 "Extension of Mineral Cities Refused; Amended Franchise May Be Granted," ibid., February 24, 1903; "Franchises Given To Both Companies," ibid., February 25, 1903; Joplin City Ordinance, Number 1897, February 26, 1903, Joplin City Clerk's Office; this ordinance was not signed by Mayor Trigg, but he indicated to the Joplin Globe that he would sign it on February 26, 1903. 29 "Extension To Carl Junction," Joplin Globe, March 1, 1903; "Road to Carl Junction is Expected By Mr. Rogers Will Be Completed by Sept. 1," ibid., March 3, 1903. This cartoon, "Now Get Busy," appeared in the Joplin Globe, February 25, 1903. It has been redrawn by Linda Shepard, an art student at Missouri Southern State College, Joplin. Nothing Seemed Impossible 411

Southwest Missouri soon engaged in a race to reach Chitwood first. The prospect excited the Galena City Council, and councilmen asked Moore to forget his earlier difficulties with them and extend his line through their city. Rails for both lines arrived in April. While the Southwest Missouri received twelve carloads of rails, the equipment-poor Mineral Cities obtained only two carloads. That sent the harrassed Moore on a fund-raising expedition to New York. He notified his contractors that rails enough to complete the line from Joplin to Chitwood would be shipped on or before April 15. On April 19, Moore again buoyant, announced he had pur­ chased cars for his road. He expected all the rails for the line to be shipped by May 1, but it would be impossible to receive the new cars before the middle of June. Yet, the ever-optimistic promoter predicted his line would be in operation by mid-July.30 Once again President Moore failed to back up his statements. Nothing happened along the Chitwood line, and Moore dropped out of sight for several weeks. In June, the Globe reported that Moore had turned his energy to the Kansas portion of his proposed line from Columbus to Minden. He obtained money from the people of the communities along the proposed interurban route. Then, he concocted a scheme to sell Mineral Cities stock to the towns of Columbus, Scammon, Weir City and Pittsburg. Moore dropped his plan to build from Joplin to Columbus. He reported that the line already had spent $100,000, but he needed to spend an additional $50,000. Enthusiastic as ever about the electric line, communities along the proposed route volunteered to contribute money to his project. A new reality emerged. The Mineral Cities lacked sufficient funding. Unsuccessful efforts to obtain funds from eastern investors forced Moore to turn to local people for support.31 While the Mineral Cities fell on hard times, the Southwest Missouri completed its line to Chitwood. On October 8, Southwest Missouri Electric Railroad stockholders met in the Carterville Hotel to learn about completion of the line to Chitwood. The day before President Rogers announced he had purchased rights-of-way and franchises, including some personal property worth $30,000, from Frank N. Moore and the Mineral Cities. On November 3, the

30 "Building The Electric Railways," ibid., March 10, 1903; "Rails For Both Street Car Lines Have Arrived," ibid., April 7, 1903; "Materials For Mineral Cities," ibid., April 19,1903. 31 "New Propositions of the Mineral Cities Railway," ibid., June 24, 1903; "Electric Line," Columbus, Kansas, Modern Light, June 25, 1903; "Mineral Cities Project," ibid., September 3, 1903. 412 Missouri Historical Review corporate executive board resolved to purchase the Mineral Cities for $15,000. In January, the board, meeting in Harrisburg, Pennsyl­ vania, decided to borrow $30,000 because Rogers attended this meeting and persuaded members to raise the necessary amount. They completed the transaction in Webb City on October 13, 1904.32 These private transactions prompted rumors concerning the future of interurbans in the Tri-State Mining District. On Decem­ ber 4, 1903, the Joplin City Council approved a Mineral Cities franchise indicating Frank Moore's continued interest in building his railroad. It revised the route within the Joplin city limits and granted a six-month extension, which pleased both city officials and Moore. A week later, Globe headlines screamed, "Mineral Cities Sold Yesterday." The newspaper report lacked some sale details, but it contended that the Mineral Cities could not sell its bonds. The report noted that, without the disposal of the bonds, the electric road had insufficient funds to complete the line, and "the grade between Joplin and Chitwood is about complete and there is enough material on the ground to construct the road from Joplin to that point."33 On New Year's day, 1904, the Globe reported more details on the sale of Mineral Cities to the Southwest Missouri. The paper put a $25,000 price tag on the transaction. President Rogers stated the deal gave his road the Mineral Cities rights-of-way in Joplin and enough poles and ties to complete the Southwest Missouri line to Chitwood. Southwest Missouri announced immediate construction to Chitwood. The Globe affirmed that Moore abandoned the southern portion of the Mineral Cities because of the "long run between Galena and Columbus." He would build the Mineral Cities line from Columbus to Pittsburg, Kansas. That "very thickly populated" area insured he would "have no trouble in securing the money for the construction of that section of the road." However, the Columbus Modern Light of January 15, 1904, reported that Moore did not depend exclusively on local financial support. It indicated his new backing would come from "Indiana capitalists." O.K. Dean in St. Louis, stated that Moore went East to sell bonds.

32 Minutes of Stockholders Meeting, October 8, 1903, Minutes Book of the Southwest Missouri Railroad, Volume 2, 1; minutes of the Board of Directors, October 7, November 3, 1903, and January 9, October 13, 1904, ibid., 6, 7, 13-15, A.H. Rogers Collection, Library of Lang Rogers, Carthage, Missouri. 33 Joplin City Ordinance Number 1897, December 4, 1903, Joplin City Clerk's Office; "Mineral Cities Road Was Sold Yesterday," Joplin Globe, December 11, 1903. Nothing Seemed Impossible 413

Moore told Dean: "I'll wire you when the bonds are sold." Dean replied, "Please don't let me hear from you at all until the sale has been consumated, signed, sealed, and delivered." Moore assured Dean he would complete all arrangements "beyond recall." Soon the Headlight received word from a jubilant Dean regarding the sale of bonds, but not to Indiana investors. Instead, a vaguely defined "syndicate of eastern capitalists" purchased the Mineral Cities bonds.34 Despite his optimistic claims, Moore dropped out of sight afterward for almost a year. Then in December 1904, the Globe found that Moore had purchased a 25-acre tract south of Pittsburg. In association with W.E. Turkington, a coal-mine operator from Cherokee, Kansas, Moore intended to manufacture fuel briquettes produced from coal slack (small pieces of coal). He projected plans for a factory site south of Pittsburg, where he would begin large scale production. Captain Moore reported successful briquette manufacturing experiments. He also purchased the "Moore Addi­ tion" to the Pleasant View Subdivision adjoining the proposed site in Crawford County. He platted the parcel into house lots for worker's residences at his plant. However, the factory was not built, and before long Moore returned to his Mineral Cities Rail­ way project.35 34 "Mineral Cities Railroad Sold For $25,000," ibid., January 1, 1904; "Hopeful: Building of Mineral Cities Electric Line Looks Very Favorable," Columbus Modern Light, January 15, 1904. 35 "Frank N. Moore to Build Factory," Joplin Globe, December 2, 1904; war- renty deeds, James B. and Lucy A. Smith, and C.A. and Mary J. Miller to Frank N. Street Scene, Galena, Kansas, 1904 Galena Mining &• Hist. Mus. 414 Missouri Historical Review

Columbus Mus., Inc. East Side of Columbus Square, About 1908, Showing a Fitch Interurban Car

Unfortunately, by the time Moore mounted his next attempt to construct the Mineral Cities, another formidable competitor, Fred H. Fitch had entered the field. He held the offices of president and general manager of the Pittsburg Railway Company. A Chicago native, Fitch moved to Carthage in 1894 to build the Jasper County Electric Railway Company. Starting in August 1895, he ran that line for about a year. In 1896 it merged with the Southwest Missouri Electric Railroad, and Fitch served for several years as superintendent of the Southwest Missouri. He resigned to promote interurban lines in Texas and Southeast Kansas. A decade later, on April 1, 1905, Fitch bought the Pittsburg Railway Company plan­ ning to extend southwestwardly into Cherokee County, Kansas, to Scammon and then to the Cherokee County seat, Columbus. The north Cherokee County town of Weir City granted the Pittsburg Railway Company a franchise in September 1905.36 By August, Moore activated the Mineral Cities plan again. However, the Fitch electric line also planned a route from Pitts­ burg to Columbus. To run at higher speeds, the Fitch line would avoid highways. The Columbus Modern Light noted that Fitch enlarged his Pittsburg car barns and repair shops and confidently ordered five new coaches lettered, "Pittsburg, Weir City, Scam­ mon and Columbus." The newspaper reported the electric had

^OFe' JU1L16'- 19°2' ,acd Muay I4' 1^4 and plat of Moore's Addition, Pleasant- View, a subdivision of Smith and Miller'% s subdivision, all in Recorder of Deeds n;^e,nraW/°r^OUnty S011*]10"56' Girard> Kansas' Jeanette Nepote, Register of Deeds, Crawford County, Girard, Kansas, to the author, April 1, 1985. 36 Chandler, Trolley Through The Countryside, 133. Nothing Seemed Impossible 415 enough rails on hand to build the line to Scammon. In February 1906, Fitch began grading a roadbed north of Columbus. This moved Moore to protest heatedly because of the threat to the Mineral Cities. On February 24, 1906, Moore announced he had accomplished his "dream of an electric railway connecting the Mineral Cities." Confusing Frank Moore with Percival Moore, another promoter, the newspaper report falsely credited Moore with the just-completed electric railway at Louisville, Kentucky.37

Two of Moore's agents, Andrew Shearer and D.M. Bliss of Columbus, secured the rights-of-way for the Mineral Cities be­ tween Columbus and Scammon. Newspapers reported the Mineral Cities had secured a new franchise from Cherokee County with an extension of the franchise from the city of Columbus. Such reports, however, misled readers. The only Mineral Cities franchises in Columbus were dated February 5, and March 3, 1902. Moore indicated the Mineral Cities would follow the route he surveyed in 1901. Several farmers donated rights-of-way for the road. It ap­ peared the Mineral Cities would have no trouble reaching com­ pany-owned land on Spring River, which would be converted into a summer resort. Moore had contracted with the Spring River Power Company for electricity to operate the line. He indicated his interest to include Galena, Kansas, in his system. However, he warned Galena's citizens and city fathers they would have to "get busy and do business all the way through" and that the city council "should take decided steps in the matter, otherwise the Mineral Cities Railroad would miss the city."38

Obviously, Moore had more important worries than whether Galena would support the Mineral Cities. In early March, the Modern Light reprinted a Pittsburg Headlight report describing Fitch as a relentless competitor. President Fitch denied the Pitts­ burg Railway Company would "drop out of the field" rather than parallel tracks of the proposed Mineral Cities line between Pitts-

37 Ibid.; "Electric Line to Build," Columbus Modern Light, August 31, 1905; "Big Electric Ry. Project," Joplin Globe, February 24, 1906; James J. Holmberg, manu­ script librarian, The Filson Club, Louisville, Kentucky, to the author, March 5, 1985; and Thomas L. Owen, associate archivist, Ekstrom Library, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, to the author, March 8, 1985. 38 "Big Electric Ry. Project," Joplin Globe, February 24, 1906; "Ordinances of the City of Columbus, Kansas," 251, in Gale R. Houser, City Clerk, Columbus, Kansas, to the author, March 25, 1985; "Electric Line," Columbus Modern Light, February (no day), 1906. 416 Missouri Historical Review burg and Columbus. Fitch sarcastically stated, "Captain Moore's annual return engagement was a joke." He predicted the area's population could support only one interurban railway, and he intended that railway would be the Pittsburg Electric Railway. Fitch humorously pointed out, "Captain Moore has always de­ lighted in building his roads in newspapers rather than on the ground."39 Fitch had every reason to be optimistic because on February 24, he expected interurban cars to run over the line to Weir City in three weeks. On March 5, accompanied by three attorneys, Fitch appeared before the Columbus City Council to ask for a franchise, similar to Moore's 1902 grant. Columbus Mayor Forkner and his council would not take action on the franchise, until they had studied its provisions. The inaction upset Fitch because rumors of a thirty-day delay would help Moore and the Mineral Cities. Through his attorneys, Fitch announced he would put up a "forfeit" of $5,000 and start construction within ten days. An additional $5,000 forfeit bond would be pledged to insure interurban cars running to Columbus by June 1. The Modern Light reported most citizens of Columbus supporting Fitch because "our people want an electric line. They want the man behind the enterprise that will build to feel this."40 In mid-March, both Moore and Fitch reported they had begun grading their lines. Fitch predicted within ten days his electric would be in Columbus, and the station agent had instructions to "spot the cars on the Vitrified Brick and Tile Company's switch." The Pittsburg Electric Railway president claimed he had a "solid line of right-of-way from Scammon" and "construction of his power house at Scammon was being pushed." On the other hand, Moore could only report closing the gaps in his right-of-way to Cherokee, but his engineer reported, there "is to be no more delay in the work of construction." The Modern Light noted Columbus citizens divided in their support of the electric lines, but "the crystalizing sentiment is that both are welcomed."41 While Moore and the Mineral Cities failed to make noticeable headway, Fitch clashed with the Columbus City Council over half- hour service between Columbus and Pittsburg. Fitch balked, call­ ing such service "too burdensome," and countered by offering to

39 "Electric Line," ibid., March 1, 1906. 40 "Cars to Weir in Three Weeks," ibid., March 8, 1906. 41 "Electric Lines," ibid., March 15, 1906. Nothing Seemed Impossible 417 run cars as often as needed. Fitch objected "to make an exact schedule 50 years in advance." Columbus Mayor Forkner believed "with this service guaranteed Columbus could attract mine and other workers to town." When the council voted against the Pitts­ burg Electric Railway franchise, Fitch terminated further discus­ sion. He withdrew his franchise "saying that it was not a vital matter in the construction of his road which would be pushed on to completion as rapidly as possible."42 While Fitch encountered difficulties in Columbus, Moore turned again to secure a Joplin franchise. The Globe reported Mineral Cities' opposition in Columbus from Southwest Missouri Electric Railroad interests. Supposedly, A.H. Rogers considered a branch line with Carl Junction to block the Mineral Cities access to Joplin from the north and west. A paper "war" between the Pitts­ burg Electric Railway and the Mineral Cities also arose. The fight

42 "Could Not Accept," ibid.

A. H. Rogers

Southwest Missouri Railway Interurban Cars Turning at Keystone Hotel, Joplin, About 1903 Dorothea Hoover Mus.

Courtesy Lang Rogers, Carthage 418 Missouri Historical Review started when Judge C.A. McNeill, of Columbus, appointed com­ missioners to condemn rights-of-way land for both corporations. The public prepared to read more about the "war" between the two competitors. Moore calmly announced issuing grading con­ tracts for the Mineral Cities to Winter and Walt Company of Joplin, covering the stretch from Columbus to Scammon. On March 23, Moore said he had secured a right-of-way north of Galena along the Spring River bottoms. Without obstruction from Fitch, Moore would make good progress. He contended the Min­ eral Cities held rights-of-way desired by the Pittsburg Electric Railway, which forced the Fitch line to resort to condemnation proceedings to obtain another course.43 Further muddying the waters of electric railway promotion, a third electric, headed by R.C. Rawlings of Chanute, Kansas, en­ tered the field. This line planned to run from Chanute to Coffey- ville turn east and south connecting Parsons, Columbus and Galena. The Tri-State Mineral District saw a familiar sequence of attempts to secure franchises by this line. While trying to gain access to Columbus, Rawlings claimed, if granted a franchise, his line would be operating within eighteen months.44 While recognizing the Rawlings line as a possible threat, the real "battle" continued between Moore and Fitch. Moore said if Fitch built his line, the two would be rivals until "the survival of the fittest." Fitch ignored Moore and continued building a power­ house at Scammon while laying track north of Weir City. On April 4, Fitch told a delegation of Columbus businessmen he considered three extensions of the Pittsburg Electric Railway, but admitted only one would be completed that year. Rawlings reentered the controversy, when he threatened to bypass Columbus if not given a franchise to run to the town square. By May, Rawlings needed more financial support to complete surveys of the Tri-State Min­ eral District, which eliminated him from the contest.45 But Captain Moore's fortunes appeared less prosperous, too. In April, family illness prompted Moore to suspend all work on the Mineral Cities and go East. Rumors flew of Mineral Cities abandon-

43 "Mineral Cities Railway Again," Joplin Globe, March 11, 1906; "The Railway Fight Is On," ibid., March 16, 1906; "Mineral Cities Contract Let," ibid., March 20, 1906; "Fighting For First Place," ibid., March 23, 1906. 44 Ibid.; "Another Electric Line For Cherokee," ibid., March 28, 1906; "Rawlings Franchise," Columbus Modern Light, March 29, 1906. 45 "Rival Roads Pushing Work," Joplin Globe, April 1, 1906; "Fitch Electric Line Has Three Extensions Under Consideration," Columbus Modern Light, April 5, 1906; "Is It A Bluff," ibid., April 12, 1906; "Rawlings Active," ibid., May 10, 1906. Nothing Seemed Impossible 419 ment, which coowner Randall denied. Randall said when Moore returned, work on the electric would "resume briskly." Back from Pennsylvania, Moore hotly denied the allegation. He considered his actions natural, because any person who loved his family would have acted as he did. He characterized the Pittsburg Headlight story as "rot from one end to the other." Moore expected to resume construction on April 20.46 While Frank Moore made excuses, Fred Fitch's line made progress. In April, the Pittsburg Electric Railway, completed to Weir, would reach Mineral and Stippville by August. Fitch ad­ mitted he would only provide hourly service to Columbus, but this must have been acceptable to the trolley-starved Columbus City Council because it granted a Pittsburg Electric franchise to Colum­ bus on June 4. No longer concerned about the details of the franchise, the council approved the contract on all three readings that night. Fitch obtained franchises and laid track along his operational electric railway. During the summer of 1907, Fitch merged with the corporate interests of Joseph Heim, the leading streetcar magnate of Kansas City. To obtain all good access routes to Joplin from the northwest, Heim also bought the rights of R.C. Rawlings for $7,893.19.47 Speaking in Galena in July 1906, Moore hoped he would obtain enough funds to build the Mineral Cities. The success of Fitch and Heim in the area, which had been a vital part of the proposed Mineral Cities, doomed Moore's dream. Moore returned to the Tri-State Mineral District and learned he could not secure enough funding from local citizens to put his road on track. Sadly he returned to his home in Towanda, Pennsylvania, and later, abandoned his Pleasant View Subdivision and his plan to build a charcoal briquette factory.48 The collapse of the charcoal briquette factory scheme exempli­ fied Moore's performance in the Tri-State District. He initiated several projects, but finished few of them. An energetic person­ ality, Moore sought wealth in the mining region. He sincerely believed his ambitious plans would succeed. Overenthusiastic, Moore convinced others to believe in him.

46 "Shut Down Is Temporary," Joplin Globe, April 14, 1906; "Moore Says It Is Very Untrue," ibid., April 20, 1906. 47 "Open To Weir," Columbus Modern Light, April 26, 1906; "Franchise Granted," ibid., June 7, 1906; Chandler, Trolley Through the Countryside, 133-134. 48 "Working On Ry. Project," Joplin Globe, July 5, 1906; vacation of Pleasant- View Subdivision, July 1908, Book J, 410, Recorder of Deeds Office, Crawford County Courthouse, Girard, Kansas. 420 Missouri Historical Review

Galena Mining & Hist. Mus. This dinkey car, Galena, Kansas, a short line, connected with the Southwest Missouri Railroad.

Knowing the Rogers and Fitch lines were formidable competi­ tors, Moore always underfunded, chose to do combat by securing rights-of-way. His friends had faith in his dream and could be charmed into supplying financial backing. But both the solid, better established Southwest Missouri and the newer Fitch line outdid him. Frank Moore exhibited poor timing and judgment, and unfortunately, his competitors outperformed him in each confron­ tation. But his career did not end, because Moore turned his bound­ less energy toward activities in Pennsylvania. In 1910, he became Bradford County treasurer and served as justice of the peace for 45 years. In 1985, a neighbor, Georgianna Gunther, remembered as a child, seeing Frank Moore drive his family around the North Orwell community in a light surry. Moore stood about 5'8" and weighed 180 pounds. Gunther commented, "he especially im­ pressed me as a child as he had a deep purple birth mark which covered one side of his face." Moore spent most summers at Lake O'Meadows, his private resort known for its "floating islands." Later he converted a portion of it into a boys' camp. He directed the Methodist Sunday School.49

49 Obituary of Frank N. Moore, Towanda Daily Review, February 24, 1936- ibid., February 15, 1967; Georgianna Gunther to the author, June 17, 1985. Nothing Seemed Impossible 421

He served as president and board member of the First Na­ tional Bank of Rome, Pennsylvania. For five years, he served as a member of the Pennsylvania Tax Commission. In 1926, Moore returned for one term to the state assembly. An authority on county financial matters, Moore, called the "watchdog of Bradford County finances," saved the county thousands of dollars on several occa­ sions. In the early years of the Great Depression, he organized the Bradford County Taxpayers Association. This organization pres­ sured government officials to stop "spending as usual."50 Moore, a gentleman farmer, experimented with new varieties of seeds. He maintained a sizable museum of artifacts acquired during his residence in the Tri-State Mineral District. Many neigh­ bors thought, because Moore knew Pennsylvania Governor Gifford Pinchot personally dating from his brief career as Spanish-Ameri­ can War officer, Bradford County received a generous share of rural road improvements in the 1930s. But perhaps Moore was best known in his later life for another venture. Several years after Frank returned to Pennsylvania, he established the Moore Tele­ phone System serving a large section of northeastern Bradford County and adjacent New York State. Moore personally managed the system until 1930, when he sold the concern. He died on February 20, 1936, from chronic myocardial insufficiency anemia. During the funeral in North Orwell, Fred W. Cowan, manager of the Moore Telephone System, asked that all nonemergency service over the system be stopped. Ironically, when his old interurban railway rival A.H. Rogers died in 1920, all interurban cars on the Southwest Missouri halted during the funeral service.51

50 Ibid.; the First National Bank of Rome, Pennsylvania, merged with the Northern Central Bank in 1983 and it still serves Bradford County under this name. Larry C. Caufield, manager, Northern Central Bank, Rome, Pennsylvania, to the author, March 13, 1985. 51 Obituary of Frank N. Moore, Towanda Daily Review, February 24, 1936; ibid., February 15, 1967; "F.N. Moore Rites Today," New York Times, February 24, 1936; "Hundreds At Funeral Rites for A.H. Rogers," Joplin Globe, March 13, 1920; Hartshorn to the author, April 18, 1985.

Without An Eraser

Liahona The Elders' Journal, May 8, 1917. "I am trying to be like a pencil without an eraser," was the significant remark of a young man. "I think that if I make no provision for rubbing out my mistakes, I may have fewer to rub out." Selected. "One of the Ruling Class" Thomas Caute Reynolds: Second Confederate Governor of Missouri

BY ROBERT E. MILLER0

Three men dominated the Missouri Confederacy in the years 1861-1865: Claiborne Fox Jackson, Sterling Price and Thomas Caute Reynolds. Claiborne Jackson assumed the leadership of the Missouri secessionist movement after his inauguration as governor of Missouri on January 3, 1861. He led Missouri's government-in- exile until his death on December 6, 1862. Sterling Price became the rallying figure for Missouri Confederates. As commander of the Missouri State Guard, General Price exercised leadership of the state's military forces. Thomas Caute Reynolds, on the other hand, remains comparatively unknown. Unfortunately, he has been

^Robert E. Miller is a retired chemist. He received the B.A. degree from Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, and the Ph.D. from Fordham University, New York, New York. He obtained the M.A. degree in history from the University of Missouri-St. Louis and is currently a doctoral candidate at Washington University, St. Louis.

422 Thomas Caute Reynolds 423 recognized for his part in the controversy with Sterling Price at the end of the Civil War.1 After Claiborne Jackson's death, Thomas Reynolds became the symbol of a constitutional Confederate government for the state of Missouri during the war's final years. Throughout his tenure as governor-in-exile, he stressed the need for cooperation and understanding between Missouri and the Confederacy. With single-minded purpose, he stubbornly affirmed his intention to secure Missouri's place as a member of the Confederate States of America. He gained the confidence and high respect of President Jefferson Davis—a trust never extended to Governor Jackson or General Price.2 An active participant in the civil and military affairs of the Trans-Mississippi Department, Reynolds became the princi­ pal civilian advisor to General E. Kirby Smith, commander of that department from March 1863 to May 1865. He appeared intolerant of failure; discontent with the vacillating policy of General Theo- philus H. Holmes and his unsatisfactory performance integrating the resources of the trans-Mississippi motivated Reynolds's efforts to remove General Holmes from command in 1863. Reynolds also directed a scathing criticism at Sterling Price for the failure of his weak and plundering raid into Missouri during the fall of 1864. Even as Reynolds's role in the Confederate cause has been woefully neglected, his notable public service career likewise has been overlooked. Before the war, he served in the United States diplomatic service in Spain and completed a term as U.S. District Attorney for Missouri. At the end of the Civil War, he acted as legal counsel for St. Louis County in the establishment of Forest Park. He also represented the county in the Missouri General Assembly. In 1884, he served on a trade commission to Latin America at the request of President Chester A. Arthur. Contemporaries generally have praised Reynolds. Thomas L. Snead, General Price's aide, and no friend of Reynolds, noted that, "it was in counsel and in action that he excelled; .... He was a man of tried courage No one ever doubted his integrity."3 Judge Samuel Breckinridge eulogized him on April 2, 1887, de­ claring: "He was of an unusually calm, well-balanced temperment,

1 Thomas Caute Reynolds should not be confused with Thomas Reynolds of Howard County, Missouri (1796-1844), who served as the sixth governor of Missouri between 1840-1844. Howard L. Conard, ed., Encyclopedia of the History of Missouri (St. Louis, 1901), III, 81, V, 338-339. 2 Editorial by J.W. Tucker in Jackson Daily Mississippian, April 19, 1863, Thomas C. Reynolds Papers, Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis. 3 Thomas L. Snead, The Fight for Missouri (New York, 1886), 30-31. 424 Missouri Historical Review self-possessed and not easily excited. In character, he was positive, resolute and fearless."4 Recently, historian William E. Parrish ob­ served that Reynolds "had performed a difficult task well, exercis­ ing tact and skill to keep Missouri a viable entity."5 Thomas Caute Reynolds, the son of George Norton and Eliza Reynolds of Yorktown, Virginia, was born in Charleston, South Carolina, on October 11, 1821.6 He graduated from the University of Virginia in 1838. In 1842, he received the degree, doctor of civil and common law (summa cum laude) from the University of Heidelberg, Germany. He moved to Richmond, Virginia, in 1843, and began the practice of law there two years later. At this time, he also expressed an interest in a position as professor of Modern Literature at the University of Virginia.7 In the spring of 1846, while serving as the editor of the Petersburg (Virginia) Republican, he secured an appointment in the diplomatic service as secretary to the American legation in Madrid, Spain.8 In Madrid, he became involved in a controversy over alleged English designs on the island of Cuba. His memoran­ dum to Minister Romulus M. Saunders, reporting his unofficial conversations with Spanish officials on the subject, received harsh criticism in the northern press.9 Reynolds returned to the United States in 1849, after his marriage to Heloise Marie Sprague in Gibraltar.10 In March 1850, Reynolds moved to St. Louis and

4 St. Louis Republican, April 2, 1887. 5 William E. Parrish, "Missouri," in W. Buck Yearns, ed., The Confederate Governors (Athens, Ga., 1985), 139. 6 "Letters of Thomas Caute Reynolds, 1847-1885," Missouri Historical Society Glimpses of the Past, X (January-June, 1943), 9. An allegation has persisted that Reynolds's correct name was Rheinhold or Reinach, a German Jew born in Prague, who had come to this country as a child. See for example, Frank Moore, Rebellion Record (New York, 1862), II, 18; John McElroy, The Struggle for Missouri (Washington, D.C., 1909), 27; Jay Monaghan, The Civil War on the Western Border, I854-J865 (Boston, 1955), 119. However, the will of George Norton Reynolds identifies Thomas as his son. Will of George N. Reynolds, July 6, 1863, Charleston County, South Carolina Will Transcripts 1728-1868, Volume 50 (1862-1868), 251-252, in South Carolina Department of Archives and History, Columbia, South Carolina. 7 Thomas C. Reynolds to Col. Willis H. Woodley, July 29, 1844; Reynolds to W.C. Thaies, August 5, 1844; Reynolds to W.C. Rives, August 5, 1844, Reynolds Papers, Missouri Historical Society. 8 "Letters of Reynolds," 18; Thomas C. Reynolds to Romulus M. Saunders, May 5, 1846, Reynolds Papers, Missouri Historical Society. 9 Thomas C. Reynolds to Romulus M. Saunders, October 2, 1847; Reynolds to T.N. Carr, April 5, 1849, ibid. 10 Heloise Marie Sprague was the daughter of Horatio Sprague of Massachusetts. At the time of her marriage, she was a secretary in the American legation in Madrid, Spain. She died on January 26, 1872, and is buried in Calvary Cemetery, St. Louis. St. Louis Republican, January 27, 30, 1872. Sometime after her death, Reynolds married Mattie Hardin. "Letters of Reynolds," 9. Thomas Caute Reynolds 425

established a law partnership with James Taussig at 49 Chestnut Street.11 A skilled lawyer, Reynolds accepted an appointment as U.S. District Attorney for Missouri in 1853 and continued in that position until his resignation in 1857.12 He became involved in a prolonged controversy with B. Gratz Brown, the editor of the Missouri Democrat. In April 1854, the Democrat criticized Reynolds for persecuting Ozark settlers, who cut timber on government lands.13 Brown again attacked Reynolds in August 1854, when a coalition of Whigs, Democrats and Know Nothings joined to defeat Thomas Hart Benton in the heated senatorial race. Brown, a supporter of Senator Benton, accused Reynolds of translating material from the Anzeiger des Western, a German-language newspaper, for reprint­ ing in the St Louis Republican. Reynolds subsequently challenged Brown to a duel on March 22, 1855. The duel did not take place, however. When the Democrat reported derogatorially on Reynolds's campaign against Frank Blair for a seat from the St. Louis congres-

11 St. Louis Directory (St. Louis, 1852). 12 Jim A. Hart, "The Missouri Democrat, 1852-1860," MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW, LV (January, 1961), 132. 13 Walter B. Stevens, The Brown-Reynolds Duel (St. Louis, 1911), 14-16; Hart "Missouri Democrat," 132; St. Louis Missouri Democrat, April 21, 24, 1854.

B. Gratz Brown 426 Missouri Historical Review sional district, Reynolds issued another challenge. Disdaining to kill his opponent for a mere political quarrel, Reynolds, an excellent marksman, disabled Brown with a wound in the knee. H Thomas Reynolds then had become an influential member of the Boonslick Democracy, a pro-Southern group which dominated Missouri politics. This elite clique determined to control the state Democratic party and to secure its place at the head of Missouri society. Elitists resolved to preserve antebellum Southern society in the state.15 Predictably, they proclaimed slavery within the jurisdic­ tion of the states where it existed. In 1856, Reynolds joined other Southerners who informed Stephen A. Douglas that the Kansas- Nebraska bill must permit slavery in the Nebraska territory during territorial organization. He maintained that Douglas's change of position to support popular sovereignty posed a threat to private property and social stability. As a result, when Douglas's ambition to be president surfaced at the Democratic party's 1856 national convention, Reynolds opposed the nomination.16 In April 1860, the Missouri Democratic convention nominated Reynolds for lieutenant governor. Aware that they could not win the state contest if they disavowed the national ticket, Reynolds and Claiborne F. Jackson, the gubernatorial nominee, campaigned as Douglas Democrats. Missouri's pro-Southern Democrats consid­ ered this action a breach of faith and a repudiation of the state platform. Therefore, they nominated Hancock Jackson and Mosby M. Parsons to oppose Reynolds and C.F. Jackson.17 Notwithstand­ ing the split in the Democratic party, C.F. Jackson and Reynolds won a narrow victory in the August elections.18 As the sectional crisis widened, Reynolds took a firm seces­ sionist stance. He emerged a most vigorous critic of the federal government's handling of the crisis. In December 1860, he hurried to Washington to confer with Southern leaders in Congress. On the last day of the year, he urged the General Assembly to declare that Missouri would resist coercion. He opposed the policy of President

14 Stevens, Brown-Reynolds Duel, 52-59, 90-97; Edwin J. Bean, "A Portrait of Gratz Brown," Missouri Historical Society Bulletin, XV (July, 1962), 338-339; A.R. Corbin to Thomas C. Reynolds, July 27, 1856, Reynolds Papers, Missouri Historical Society. 15 Thomas C. Reynolds to G.P.R. James, January 20, 1853, ibid. 16 Thomas C. Reynolds to Sidney Webster, March 31, 1856, ibid. 17 John F. Snyder, "The Missouri Democratic Convention of 1860," MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW, II (January, 1908), 122-124. 18 William E. Parrish, A History of Missouri, I860-J875 (Columbia, Mo., 1973), III, 2. Thomas Caute Reynolds 427

James Buchanan to exact tribute, molest commerce and hold fortress in the South.19 As presiding officer of the Missouri Senate, he carefully organized that body to give secessionists control of important committees. He encouraged the lawmakers to cooperate with the other Southern states in common measures of defense. On the evening of January 4, 1861, he met with pro-Southern sympa­ thizers to formulate strategy to place Missouri in readiness for any emergency.20 Recognizing that control of St. Louis would be vital in dominating the state, Reynolds advocated an independent police board appointed by the governor.21 He presided over a mass meeting in St. Louis which organized the "Minute Men" to counter Frank Blair's Union Home Guard.22 In January 1861, Reynolds spoke on "Preservation or Recon­ struction of the Union" before the Missouri Senate. He supported a bill authorizing Governor Jackson to appoint a committee from Missouri to attend a conference of Southern states, held in Nash­ ville on February 4. After recounting Southern grievances, Rey­ nolds continued: 19 Snead, The Fight for Missouri, 32-33; McElroy, The Struggle for Missouri, 31-33. 20 Arthur R. Kirkpatrick, "Missouri in the Early Months of the Civil War," MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW, LV (April, 1961), 249. 21 Ibid.; Basil W. Duke, Reminiscences of General Basil W. Duke, C.S.A. (Garden City, N.Y., 1911), 42-43. 22 Snead, The Fight for Missouri, 109-111; St. Louis Missouri Republican, January 30, 1861. The St. Louis Arsenal As It Appeared In 1861 428 Missouri Historical Review

But suppose all shall have failed; shall we resort to disunion— to secession? I say, emphatically "No"! [But] if we cannot preserve this Union in any other way [the Southern states should] declare themselves the legitimate constitutional government of the United States.23 On January 25, he wrote a friend that Missouri and the other border states should only join the states of the South when all attempts at recognition had failed.24 Nevertheless, Reynolds sup­ ported a legislative bill calling for a state convention to examine Missouri's relations with the United States. To Reynolds's disap­ pointment, the convention on March 19, 1861, resolved that no adequate cause existed for Missouri to dissolve its ties with the Union.25 Reynolds became increasingly uneasy with the neutrality policy advocated by Governor Jackson and General Price. Although Jack­ son and Reynolds agreed on Missouri's active participation in the secessionist movement, they remained far apart on the tactical procedures to achieve it. Jackson's enigmatic position particularly disturbed Reynolds; he suspected the governor ready to compro­ mise. Jackson stalled for time to prepare the state for defense. He counselled delay when Reynolds suggested on May 12, that the secessionists exploit the "universal indignation" presented by the Camp Jackson affair in St. Louis. Reynolds, on the other hand, contended that delay would be dangerous and might result in Federal occupation of the state before the arrival of Confederate assistance.26 He believed the only hope of holding Missouri for the Confederacy would require the presence of Southern troops. However, his negotiations with the Confederate government re­ garding the position and policy toward Missouri failed to gain a firm commitment from Jefferson Davis.27 On June 3, 1861, the president denied Reynolds's appeal to send Confederate troops to

23 Speech of Lieutenant Governor Thomas Reynolds on "Preservation or Reconstruction of the Union" delivered before the Senate of Missouri, January 17, 1861 (St. Louis, 1861), Reynolds Papers, Missouri Historical Society. 24 Thomas C. Reynolds to J.W. Noell, January 25, 1861, Thomas C. Reynolds Papers, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. 25 Journal and Proceedings of the Missouri State Convention held at Jefferson City and St. Louis, February-March, 1861 (St. Louis, 1861), 46. 26 Thomas C. Reynolds, "Sterling Price and the Confederacy," 17, Reynolds Papers, Missouri Historical Society; William H. Lyon, "Claiborne Fox Jackson and the Secessionist Crisis in Missouri," MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW, LVIII (July, 1964), 422-441; Thomas C. Reynolds to Jefferson Davis, November 20, 1880, Reynolds Papers, Missouri Historical Society. 27 Thomas C. Reynolds to Thomas L. Snead, June 2, 1886, Thomas L. Snead Papers, Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis. Thomas Caute Reynolds 429

Jefferson Davis

Missouri.28 The disbursal of a military force had become a matter of priorities with Davis. While the trans-Mississippi states surely deserved support, the demands from Tennessee, Virginia and the Mississippi River line had a greater urgency. The president refused to discuss troop movements in Missouri until the state had formally seceded from the Union.29 Even so, Reynolds had gained Jeffer­ son Davis's confidence; the president expressed his preference for Reynolds as Missouri's chief executive.30 Their relationship would grow as the war progressed. The efforts of Reynolds and E.C. Cabell, Missouri's commis­ sioner to Richmond, eventually bore fruit; on June 26, the War Department ordered General Ben McCulloch to render assistance consistent with his mission to protect Arkansas and Indian Terri­ tory. However, Confederate Secretary of War Leroy P. Walker

28 Albert Castel, General Sterling Price and the Civil War in the West (Baton Rouge, La., 1968), 23-24; Thomas C. Reynolds to Jefferson Davis, June 3, 1861, The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies (Washington, D.C., 1880-1901), Series 1, Volume LIII, 693. Hereafter cited as O.R. and all citations refer to Series 1 unless otherwise noted. 29 Jefferson Davis to E.C. Cabell, July 8, 1861, ibid., 605-606; Cabell to Davis, July 9, 1861, ibid., 707; Reynolds, "Sterling Price and the Confederacy," 27-28. 30 Thomas C. Reynolds to Jefferson Davis, November 13, 1880, Reynolds Papers, Missouri Historical Society. 430 Missouri Historical Review cautioned the general: "it should only be when necessity and prudence unite that active assistance should be offered."31 In his efforts to place Missouri in readiness for the conflict he believed sure to come, Reynolds urged Governor Jackson to ap­ point Sterling Price commander of the state guard.32 At a time when the success of the state's cause required the close cooperation and concerted action of its leaders, however, Reynolds, Price and Jackson kept their plans from each other. From Reynolds, Price and Jackson withheld their support of the truce arranged by Price and Union General William S. Harney. They feared Reynolds's strong opposition to compromise might ruin the negotiations. The duplicity continued as Price and Reynolds agreed not to apprise Governor Jackson of their intentions to secure Confederate inter­ vention in the state.33 In late May, Reynolds traveled to Fort Smith, Arkansas, to solicit the support of General McCulloch, the Confederate com­ mander in that state. Here he learned of the truce between Price and Harney which he regarded as a triumph of the neutrality policy. The lieutenant governor revealed that, should the Price- Harney accord actually shape a neutral position for Missouri, he would assume the governorship and lead an armed effort to redeem the state. In mid-July, Reynolds visited Missouri State Guard troops under General M. Jeff Thompson in Southeast Missouri. Using the tenuous excuse that the unknown whereabouts of Governor Jack­ son had delayed prompt action, he assumed the functions of acting governor of Missouri. (Jackson at this time was enroute to Rich­ mond.) To counteract the influence of the Provisional Union gov­ ernment in Jefferson City, Reynolds issued a proclamation from New Madrid on July 31, calling on all Missourians to rally to the defense of the state.34 In the fall of 1861, Reynolds accepted an appointment as a volunteer aide on the staff of General Albert Sidney Johnston in Department Number Two at Columbus, Kentucky. He served in this capacity only a short time, however. When the general re-

31 Leroy P. Walker to Gen. Ben McCulloch, July 4, 1861, O.R., Vol. Ill, 603. 32 Reynolds, "Sterling Price and the Confederacy," 12-16; Kirkpatrick, "Missouri in the Early Months of the Civil War," 257; C.F. Jackson to Jefferson Davis, October 12, 1861, O.R., Vol. Ill, 717-718. 33 Castel, General Sterling Price, 17-19. 34 Thomas C. Reynolds to M.J. Thompson, August 10, 1861, quoted in M.J. Thompson to Gen. Gideon J. Pillow, August 11, 1861, O.R., Vol. Ill, 643; Moore, Rebellion Record, II, 455. Thomas Caute Reynolds 431

ceived orders in early October to move to Bowling Green, Ken­ tucky, all hope for a Confederate invasion of Missouri ended. Reynolds therefore resigned his commission as colonel on John­ ston's staff.35 The lieutenant governor traveled to Richmond to confer with the Missouri commissioners, E.C. Cabell and Thomas L. Snead, regarding an alliance with the Confederate States of America. Despite the lukewarmness Confederate authorities seemed to feel toward Missouri, the Confederate Secretary of State, R.M.T. Hunter, signed an agreement with the state representatives on October 31, 1861. The agreement accepted Missouri as a full partner in the Confederacy as soon as the state legislature passed acts recognizing the constitution of the Confederate provisional government and ratifying an act of secession. (The remnants of the Missouri General Assembly, still loyal to the Confederacy, had enacted an ordinance of secession three days earlier at Neosho, Missouri.)36 When the Confederate Congress passed an act admitting Mis­ souri to the Confederacy on November 28, Reynolds considered his labors as a Missouri official at an end. He sought a role in the national administration and asked J.D.B. De Bow to press for his

35 Thomas C. Reynolds to William P. Johnston, November 13, 1875, Johnston Papers, Barrett Collection, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana; Reynolds to General W.T. Sherman, November 4, 1877, Reynolds Papers, Missouri Historical Society. 36 David Y. Thomas, "Missouri in the Confederacy," MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW XVIII (April, 1924), 387-389; Arthur R. Kirkpatrick, "The Admission of Missouri to the Confederacy," ibid., LV (July, 1961), 378-379.

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selection as a commissioner in the Confederate Sequestration Bu­ reau.37 In April 1862, Reynolds retired to his family estate in Winnes- boro, South Carolina, to recover from a severe attack of erysipelas. On December 23, 1862, he received word of Governor Jackson's death from Senator John B. Clark, Sr. He returned to Richmond to confer with the president. On February 14, he formally announced his accession to the governorship of Missouri.38 Meantime, General Price had visited Richmond. Reynolds questioned him about rumors of his involvement in the Northwest conspiracy, a scheme to detach the northwestern states from the Union to form a separate nation allied to the Confederacy.39 Governor Reynolds did not believe Price capable of any overt act against the Confederacy and accepted his disclaimer of any partici­ pation in the scheme. At this time, Reynolds considered General Price a warm, personal friend, however, he felt constrained to take precautions to limit Price's political ambitions. He consulted with Secretary of State Judah P. Benjamin, Jefferson Davis's closest advisor, who told him that the administration regretted Price's propensity to get into quarrels and doubted his military ability. But, Benjamin added, neither the president nor his advisors had the slightest prejudice against General Price. Reynolds therefore sug­ gested that Richmond follow a generous policy, rewarding General Price for any real success.40

37 Journal of the Senate, Extra Session of the Rebel Legislature, Mo. 21st General Assembly (Jefferson City, Mo., 1865), 39, 42; Journal of the Congress of the Confederate States, I86I-I865 (Washington, D.C., 1904-1905), I, 483; Thomas C. Reynolds to J.B. Clark, February 19, 1863, Thomas Caute Reynolds Papers, 1862- 1866, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., microfilm copy in Joint Collection, University of Missouri Western Historical Manuscript Collection, Columbia and State Historical Society of Missouri Manuscripts. Hereafter cited as Thomas C. Reynolds microfilm. Thomas C. Reynolds to J.D.B. De Bow, December 13, 1861, De Bow Papers, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. The first session of the Confederate Congress passed the Sequestration Act in July 1861, which provided for the confiscation of enemy property within Confederate lines. Moore, Rebellion Record, III, 243-244, VI, 13; Orville J. Victor, The History, Civil, Political and Military of the Southern Rebellion (New York, 1861), II, 306; "Proceedings of the First Confederate Congress, Third Session in Part, March 20-May 1, 1863," Southern Historical Society Papers, XLIX (May, 1943), 36, 71, 122. 38 Thomas C. Reynolds to W. Hough, December 27, 1862; Reynolds to J.B. Clark, December 27, 1862; Reynolds to E.C. Cabell, January 14, 1863; Reynolds to J.W. Tucker, February 11, 1863; all in Thomas C. Reynolds microfilm. Castel, General Sterling Price, 133, claims that Reynolds returned to his estate after being rebuffed by Missouri's congressional delegation for "meddling in their affairs." 39 Thomas C. Reynolds to J.P. Benjamin, June 11, 1863, Thomas C. Reynolds microfilm. For a full discussion of the Northwest conspiracy see Castel, General Sterling Price, 132-133, 191-196. 40 Reynolds, "Sterling Price and the Confederacy," 54-60; Reynolds to E.C. Cabell, May 27, 1863, Thomas C. Reynolds microfilm. Thomas Caute Reynolds 433 sMtmh*.

Confederate Flag

The secretary took the occasion to reaffirm the president's confidence in the governor. Davis's high regard for Reynolds had been evident as early as 1861. Vice President Alexander H. Stephens told E.C. Cabell at the time, "There is another man in your State with whom the President is willing to make arrangements .... your Lieutenant Governor."41 Reynolds left Richmond for the trans-Mississippi in late February with high recommendations from Jefferson Davis to General E. Kirby Smith, commander of the department.42 On May 18, 1863, Reynolds arrived in Camden, Arkansas, where Missouri records had been stored for safekeeping. Shortly thereafter, he met with General Smith in Shreveport, Louisiana, to discuss plans for the invasion of Missouri. Reynolds approved of the new commanding officer and pledged all the resources of the civil government to sustain him.43 Confederate affairs in the trans-Mississippi had not prospered. As General Josiah Gorgas noted in his diary on April 2, 1863: "It is a record of bad management."44 By mid-1863, conditions in the

41 Reynolds, "Sterling Price and the Confederacy," 30, 60-61. 42 Dunbar Rowland, Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist (Jackson, Miss., 1923), V, 450; J. Davis to E.K. Smith, March 18, 1863, O.R., Vol. LIII, 852. 43 Thomas C. Reynolds to E.K. Smith, May 13, July 20, 1863, May 18, 1864, Thomas C. Reynolds microfilm. 44 Frank E. Vandiver, The Civil War Diary of General Josiah Gorgas (Bir­ mingham, Ala., 1974), 28. 434 Missouri Historical Review

department had become deplorable—disorder and demoralization appeared widespread. The geographical isolation of the area, formidable threats to its security, lack of money, men and arms and the secondary role assigned to the Trans-Mississippi Depart­ ment in Confederate strategy caused wide concern among the people of Arkansas, Louisiana and Texas. Unrest in Arkansas, apparently abandoned by the military forces of the Confederacy, prompted Governor Reynolds to demand that all forces west of the Mississippi River be unified under a first-rate administrator. Con­ stant upheavals in the military command of the region had ac­ complished little. Under the inefficient leadership of the most recent commander, General Theophilus H. Holmes, there appeared to be no general system or common head, with each district acting independently.45 The scattered Confederate units had not been forged into an effective army. Reynolds wrote: "the want of energy, forethought & system at Richmond in reference to this Department, is something appalling."46 He attempted to impress on Confederate authorities the causes for the discontent in the trans- Mississippi. I doubt if the real causes of dissatisfaction in these States are fully known to the President. [These are:] The drawing of troops to the east, while no eastern troops have been sent here; The practice [which] makes this [a penal] depart­ ment ... to shelve away worthless subordinate officials; when "played out" everywhere else they are ordered to duty here; ... no military man of conceded first rate ability was sent here; men of damaged military reputation .... were sent from the east to us.47 Reynolds had lost all confidence in General Holmes's military capacity and his ability to maintain discipline in Arkansas. Reynolds, therefore, led the effort to remove him. He petitioned Jefferson Davis to "consider our wants ... brains in high military positions is conspicuous."48 On April 13, 1864, Governor Reynolds wrote to

45 E.K. Smith to the President, June 16, 1863, O.R., Vol. XXII, Part 2, 871-873; Thomas C. Reynolds to J.P. Benjamin, April 4, 1864; Reynolds to E.K. Smith, May 13, 1863; Reynolds to J.B. Clark, December 12, 1863; all in Thomas C. Reynolds microfilm. 46 Thomas C. Reynolds to E.T. Merrick, November 2, 1863; Reynolds to P. Murrah, March 12, 1864; both in ibid. 47 Thomas C. Reynolds to Col. William P. Johnston, August 27, 1863; Reynolds to E.H. Cushing, January 7, 1865; both in ibid. 48 Thomas C. Reynolds to E.C. Cabell, February 6, March 28, 1864; Reynolds to J. Davis, March 21, 1864; Reynolds to Gen. J.O. Shelby, March 26, 1864; all in ibid. Thomas Caute Reynolds 435

General Holmes advising him to accept retirement. He offered to relieve General Smith of the responsibility of removing Holmes, but Smith already had accepted Holmes's resignation on March ll.49 A suitable replacement for General Holmes became a bone of contention among officials of the trans-Mississippi. While Mis­ sourians continued to demand that Sterling Price be given consid­ eration for the command of the Arkansas-Missouri district, the general remained unpopular with departmental authorities. Price had damaged his reputation in a bitter dispute with Holmes over the responsibility for the Helena debacle in July 1863. Further criticism centered around Price's conduct of the defense of Little Rock two months later. Governor Reynolds maintained, however, that the popularity of General Price would increase the tone, confidence and morale generally of the army.50 The governor counselled General Smith to give Sterling Price temporary com­ mand in Arkansas. On March 16, Price received command of the District of Arkansas.51 Other serious problems faced the new governor. Failure of the state agencies to operate continuously, to write reports and maintain adequate records had produced a massive disarray in the Missouri archives. State funds had become short and creditors demanded payment. Constant claims from soldiers regarding compensation for past service in the state guard required his attention. The governor recognized that prompt action had become necessary despite the general apathy affecting the country and the opposition of Missourians to the vigorous exercise of his office.52 Nevertheless, he assured Thomas L. Snead that he would put state affairs in order.53 He vowed to check the spoilation of Unionists; their fate should be decided by law and not by acts of individual vengeance.54 The governor also condemned unorganized recruiting in Missouri

49 Thomas C. Reynolds to E.C. Cabell, April 11, 1864, ibid.; Reynolds, "Sterling Price and the Confederacy," 91. 50 Thomas C. Reynolds to Jefferson Davis, March 21, 1864, Thomas C. Reynolds microfilm. 51 E.K. Smith to S. Price, March 14, 1865, O.R., Vol. XXXIV, Pt. 2, 1041; General Orders No. 23, March 16, 1864, ibid., 1047. 52 Thomas C. Reynolds to Lt. Col. R.H. Musser, January 28, 1864; Henry A. Bragg to Thomas C. Reynolds, May 17, 1864; Reynolds to Brig. Gen. E. Greer, December 16, 1863; all in Thomas C. Reynolds microfilm. 53 Reynolds, "Sterling Price and the Confederacy," 74; Thomas C. Reynolds to T.L. Snead, May 26, 1864, Thomas C. Reynolds microfilm. 54 Thomas C. Reynolds to William A. Seay, June 26, 1863; Reynolds to J.W. Tucker, June 29, 1863; Reynolds to E.C. Cabell, June 28, 1864; all in ibid. 436 Missouri Historical Review

and regulations which infringed upon individual liberties, such as the impressment of supplies and the suspension of the writ of habeus corpus. He said that his code of conduct would insist on a regard for the interests, rights and dignity of the whole people of Missouri as well as those exiled from it.55 Governor Reynolds became involved in all aspects of the military affairs within the Trans-Mississippi Department. He com­ plimented Governor Pendelton Murrah of Texas on his firmness asserting his authority against usurpation by the military. But he protested the Texas policy which exempted men from conscription. In Reynolds's opinion, the conscripts should have been accepted into the Confederate army and employed for the defense of the trans-Mississippi as a whole.56 In the winter of 1864, Governor Reynolds became alarmed that uncontrolled operation of irregular partisan units in Missouri would injure the cause of the South in the state. He demanded stern measures from military officials to ensure against their troops pilfering and marauding. He insisted the Confederate government of Missouri would restrain lawlessness and repress it with an iron hand.57 He informed Confederate authorities that the depredations

55 Thomas C. Reynolds to W.P. Johnson, December 24, 1863, ibid. 56 Thomas C. Reynolds to E.K. Smith, May 31, 1864; Reynolds to P. Murrah, February 11, 1865; both in ibid.; Robert L. Kerby, Kirby Smith's Confederacy, The Trans-Mississippi South, I86I-I865 (New York, 1972), 218-220. 57 Thomas C. Reynolds to Hon. J.A. Seddon, January 31, 1863; Reynolds to Hon. Waldo P. Johnson, June 4, December 23, 1863; Reynolds to Lt. Gen. E.K. Smith, May 23, 1864; all in Thomas C. Reynolds microfilm. Thomas Caute Reynolds 437

Little Rock, Arkansas, 1863

of the leading guerrilla chieftain, William C. Quantrill, had not been authorized. He refused commissions to those raiding in occupied Missouri unless they acted in concert with Confederate authorities.58 Governor Reynolds refused to grant persistent requests for reactivation of the Missouri State Guard as an independent army until the Confederacy had recovered the state. He insisted that recruits be turned over to the Confederate army.59 Those who refused to enter the Confederate service drew his ire: "I cannot admire the patriotism which is too proud or sectional to join an army led by Gen. Price."60 He vigorously condemned, the vicious system of selecting pets, politicians and men of supposed influence or ability to "raise" regiments .... who disdain to hold [positions] of less rank in the Confederate army.61 Noting that desertions had increased among the troops in Arkansas and his untiring efforts to recruit for the Southern cause had met with little success, Reynolds reluctantly approved con­ scription. He decided a lack of manpower must not be allowed to threaten the future of Confederate Missouri.62

58 Thomas C. Reynolds to Louis C. Bohannon, April 14, 1863; Reynolds to E.K. Smith, October 30, 1863; Reynolds to Col. Warner Lewis, February 20, 1864; Reynolds to Hon. Thos. A. Harris, February 23, 1864; all in ibid. 59 Thomas C. Reynolds to M.J. Thompson, March 13, 1863; Reynolds to Col. D.C. Hunter, December 11, 1863; both in ibid. 60 Thomas C. Reynolds to L.C. Bohannon, March 4, 1864, ibid. 61 Thomas C. Reynolds to E.K. Smith, March 26, 1864, ibid. 62 Thomas C. Reynolds to Thos. A. Harris, August 29, 1863; Reynolds to Brig. Gen. Jas S. Rains, Colonel John T. Coffee and Dr. Geo. W. Taylor, December 11, 1863; Reynolds to Col. C.S. Stone, February 20, 1864; all in ibid. 438 Missouri Historical Review

The distressing state of financial affairs in the trans-Mississippi caused the governor the most concern and he sought remedies for the situation. He disapproved of the Currency Act of February 17, 1864, because it would increase the supply of paper money.63 His plan advocating the use of coin or cotton at a fixed price to pay the interest on the Confederate debt had been rejected by Secretary of Treasury C.C. Memminger.64 Reynolds also contended that new revenues should be raised by taxation not by confiscation.65 The governor instituted strict economic measures to conserve the slim financial resources of his administration. He reduced the state's operating expenses by decreasing his staff to three officers and did not draw his salary. He also insisted that the state records be audited before paying Price's troops.66 Governor Reynolds had been an early exponent of a regulated cotton trade with Mexico as a means of bolstering the Confederate

63 Thomas C. Reynolds to Geo. C. Watkins, December 13, 1863; Reynolds to Thos. A. Harris, January 28, 1864; Reynolds to Hon. C.W. Bell, February 23, 1864; Reynolds to C.C. Memminger, February 23, 1864; Reynolds to E.T. Merrick, March 30, 1864; Reynolds to W.P Johnson, April 2, 1864; all in ibid. 64 Thomas C. Reynolds to E.T. Merrick, November 2, 1863, ibid. 65 Thomas C. Reynolds to Hon. E.T. Merrick, February 25, 1864, ibid. 66 Thomas C. Reynolds to Col. James T. Thornton, February 13, 1863; Reynolds to E.C. Cabell, May 27, 1863; Reynolds to Lt. Col. T.H. Murray, March 17, 1864; Reynolds to Capt. J.A. Martin, August 18, 1864; all in ibid.

Sterling Price Thomas Caute Reynolds 439 economy. As the price of cotton continued to rise during the war years ($1.94 per pound in 1864), speculators pyramided huge profits in a flourishing illegal trade. In 1863, Reynolds proposed the government's seizure of cotton to be sold for Southern needs. He failed in attempts to export cotton in 1864-1865 to obtain supplies for the Missouri troops.67 The selection of the right men to fill the vacancies in the Missouri congressional delegation, and the question of his own legal status as governor engaged Reynolds's considerable skills. Missouri's delegation to the Confederate Congress (two senators and seven representatives) made up one-third of the congressional representation from the trans-Mississippi as a whole. It had the potential for significant influence in departmental affairs and na­ tional politics. When Senator R.L.Y. Peyton died in October 1863, General Holmes and Arkansas senators Robert W. Johnson and Thomas Mitchell advised Reynolds to appoint Price. Reynolds, however, disapproved of Price's selection for several reasons. He suspected that the Arkansans merely wanted to ease the friction between the two generals by getting Price out of the way. More importantly, he believed that as a senator, Price would only strengthen the opposition to Jefferson Davis. In addition, Price told Reynolds in March 1864, that he did not want to become a Confederate senator.68 The governor defended his decision not to appoint Sterling Price to the Confederate Senate on the grounds that the general could not be spared from the army.69 Meantime, Missouri's other senator, John B. Clark, Sr., had demonstrated no influence in the Confederate capital, plus he had become an embarrassment to the administration. Reynolds decided to replace him with a representative from the army, whose needs

67 Thomas C. Reynolds to W.R. Boggs, February 7, March 29, 1865; Reynolds to Col. J. Burbridge, February 13, 1865; Reynolds to Major Thos. Monroe, March 8, 1865; all in ibid. For a full discussion of the cotton trade in the trans-Mississippi, see Ludwell Johnson, Red River Campaign: Politics and Cotton in the Civil War (Baltimore, 1958), 49-78. 68 Thomas C. Reynolds to R.W. Johnson, January 7, April 21, 1864; Reynolds, Memoranda relative to ... Confederate Senators, January 25, 1865; both in Thomas C. Reynolds microfilm; Frank E. Vandiver, ed., "Proceedings of the First Confederate Congress, Fourth Session, 7 December 1863-18 February 1864," Southern Historical Society Papers, L (December, 1953), 119. Sceva B. Laughlin, "Missouri Politics During the Civil War," MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW, XXIII (April, 1929), 618, states that Uriel Wright succeeded Peyton. Wright did ask for the appointment on November 5, 1863, but Governor Reynolds informed him that he had appointed W.P. Johnson. Thomas C. Reynolds to Uriel Wright, November 26, 1863, Thomas C. Reynolds microfilm. 69 Thomas C. Reynolds to J. Davis, November 16, 1863; Reynolds to Hon. R.W. Johnson, January 4, 1864; both in ibid.; Reynolds to S. Price, December 4, 1863, O.R., Vol. LIII, 918. 440 Missouri Historical Review

John B. Clark, Sr.

and desires he regarded as crucial to the stability of the Missouri government. On April 27, 1864, he forwarded a commission to Colonel L.M. Lewis, a firm supporter of the administration. Sena­ tor Clark and his friends, including General Price, vigorously criticized the appointment of Colonel Lewis.70 The Confederate Congress passed an act on April 11, 1863, providing for the election of representatives from Missouri. Rey­ nolds thought this an excellent decision, and in July, he ordered a general registration of all qualified voters. In order to generate greater interest, Reynolds also delayed the election until May 1864. He requested newspaper coverage of the upcoming elections and attempted to organize the election among Missouri troops.71 How-

70 Thomas C. Reynolds to J.P. Benjamin, April 4, 1864; Reynolds to W.P. Johnson, April 27, May 12, July 14, 1864, January 9, 1865; Reynolds to J. Davis, March 9, May 10, 1864; Reynolds to Col. L.M. Lewis, February 22, 1865; all in Thomas C. Reynolds microfilm. Colonel Lewis chose to remain in the army and never took his seat in the Senate. George G. Vest accepted the senatorship, although he is not listed in the records of the Second Confederate Congress. Thomas C. Reynolds to George G. Vest, February 25, 1864; Reynolds to Major J.F. Howes, February 25, 1864; Reynolds to Col. L.M. Lewis, August 10, 1864; all in ibid.; Frank E. Vandiver, ed., "Proceedings of the Second Confederate Congress ... Second Session in Part ... 7 November—14 December 1864," Southern Historical Society Papers, LI (March, 1959), 267. 71 Thomas C. Reynolds to Thos. Price, April 7, 1864; Reynolds to General Shields, April 7, 1864; Reynolds to W.P. Johnson, April 13, 1864; Reynolds to General S.B. Maxey, April 14, 1864; Reynolds to Lt. Col. S.S. Anderson, April 15, 1864; Reynolds to Col. John P. McMillan, August 6, 1864; Reynolds to the Proprietors of the Army [Mobile] Argus and Crisis, March 15, 1865; Reynolds to the Washington [Arkansas] Telegraph, March 15, 1865; all in Thomas C. Reynolds microfilm. Thomas Caute Reynolds 441 ever, the governor's attempts to insure that his supporters would be elected did not entirely succeed. Thomas L. Snead and ex-Senator John B. Clark gained seats in the Second Confederate Congress in May 1864. Reynolds urged Snead to support the president: "To other states cordial relations with the President are useful; to Missouri they are a political necessity."12 At this time, Price, Snead and Trusten Polk challenged the position of Governor Reynolds as the leader of Missouri's govern­ ment-in-exile. They maintained that Missouri's constitution required a governor, succeeding to office on the death of a predecessor, call a special election within eighteen months. The governor countered that this could not be done under the present circumstances be­ cause the Federals controlled most of the townships. However, in an attempt to avoid any action which might be taken as a grasp for power, he agreed to lay down his office as soon as he could legally do so.73 The isolation of the Trans-Mississippi Department, inflation and the lack of funds and manufacturing facilities in the region convinced the governor that the department must be empowered to act independently of Richmond. Vexing problems encountered by regional paymaster, quartermaster and transportation officials had not received expeditious handling by distant Richmond bureau chiefs. Reynolds therefore proposed that the Trans-Mississippi Department be designated with authority to appoint higher offi­ cers, create military districts, borrow money and organize a self- sufficient treasury. He suggested General Simon B. Buckner, re­ cently arrived in the department, as a quasi-secretary of state. Richmond decided against such disturbing changes, however.74 On July 13, 1864, General Kirby Smith suggested a conference of the trans-Mississippi governors to discuss measures for defense of the region. Political leaders from several states assembled at Marshall, Texas, on August 15, for the first Confederate governors conference. The appointment of Governor Reynolds as chairman of the Committee of Public Safety marked him as one of the most

72 Vandiver, ed., "Proceedings, Second Confederate Congress," 267; Thomas C. Reynolds to Thomas L. Snead, May 26, 1864, Thomas C. Reynolds microfilm. 73 Thomas C. Reynolds to Major Francis Hagan, January 9, 1864; Reynolds to S. Price and Trusten Polk, June 11, 1864; Reynolds to T.L. Snead, August 6, 1864; all in ibid. 74 Thomas C. Reynolds to W.P. Johnson, July 14, 1864, ibid.; Kerby, Kirby Smith's Confederacy, 146-149; J.A. Seddon to E.K. Smith, June 5, 1864, O.R., Vol. XXXIV, Part 4, 671-674. 442 Missouri Historical Review influential officials of the department.75 Reynolds immediately commenced the duties assigned to him by the conference, that of organizing people into associations to sustain the war effort. Later, he acknowledged that his efforts had had little effect.76 Reynolds's political acumen transcended local affairs. He re­ jected persistent delusions presuming the superiority of the Cot­ tonocracy over the North.77 He predicted the failure of Southern diplomacy would cause England to side against the Confederacy.78 Reynolds supported slavery, but he declared: "Our population is not so much pro-slavery as anti-negro in its sympathies."79 He cautioned against acceptance of Lincoln's amnesty offer of No­ vember 8, 1863, because he said it secured nothing.80 When ex-Confederate Colonel Edward W. Gantt defected to the Union and issued an address counselling surrender in the summer of 1863, Reynolds became involved in a scheme to neutral­ ize such propaganda designed to weaken the Confederacy. He asked J.R. Eakin, the editor of the Washington (Arkansas) Tele­ graph to publish a letter allegedly from a secret abolitionist agent to Gantt. Eakin, however, refused to participate in the deception.81 The two leaders most interested in the recovery of Missouri— Price and Reynolds—constantly advocated the merits of an inva­ sion of the state. They believed the war would not end without recovery of Missouri.82 Price and Reynolds, therefore, pressed for a full-scale invasion to recover the state. A functional government for

75 E.K. Smith to Govs. Thomas C. Reynolds, F.B. Lubbock, H. Flanagin and T.O. Moore, July 13, 1864, ibid., Vol. XXII, Part 2, 935-936; Sallie M. Lentz, "Highlights of Early Harmon County," Southwestern Historical Quarterly, LXI (October, 1957), 253. 76 Proclamation to the People, August 18, 1863, O.R., Vol. LIII, 892-894; Moore, Rebellion Record, VII, 406-407; circular from Thomas C. Reynolds, chairman, Committee of Public Safety, August 10, 1863, Reynolds Papers, Missouri Historical Society; Reynolds to P. Murrah, January 30, 1865, Thomas C. Reynolds microfilm. 77 Thomas C. Reynolds to Thomas L. Snead, May 26, 1864, ibid. 78 Thomas C. Reynolds to E.K. Smith, December 5, 1863; Reynolds to Hon. E.T. Merrick, July 7, 1864; both in ibid. In 1868, Reynolds reflected on the failure of the Confederacy to solve its problems. He observed that ".... the Southern people lost their own cause." Reynolds to Gen. J.A. Early, May 21, 1868, ibid. 79 Thomas C. Reynolds to T.B. Garesche, July 6, 1863; Reynolds to E.T. Merrick, February 25, 1864; Reynolds to E. Cross, April 6, 1864; Reynolds to Dr. Estes, February 15, 1864; all in ibid. 80 Thomas C. Reynolds to W.P. Johnson, January 27, 1864, ibid. 81 Thomas C. Reynolds to Col. J.R. Eakin, November 9, 1863, ibid.; Michael B. Dougan, Confederate Arkansas (University, Ala., 1976), 110, 151, 153; Robert F. Smith, "John B. Eakin: Confederate Propagandist," Arkansas Historical Quarterly, XII (Winter, 1953), 317. 82 Thomas C. Reynolds to E.T. Merrick, November 12, 1863; Reynolds to Col. C.S. Stone, February 20, 1864, Thomas C. Reynolds microfilm. Thomas Caute Reynolds 443

Missouri already existed which provided a legitimate excuse. The success of General John S. Marmaduke's raid on Cape Girardeau in the spring of 1863 and General Joseph O. Shelby's raid into western Missouri in the fall of that year promised favorable results. Great expectations also prevailed among Price's supporters that thou­ sands of Missourians would rally to his colors. When Price assumed command of the District of Arkansas on March 16, 1864, invasion planning increased. In July, Reynolds asked Price if he would command a cavalry diversion into the state.83 Later however, Governor Reynolds reconsidered his decision to support Price's command of the expedition. Grave doubts arose as to Price's military adequacy because of the loose discipline, plundering and bad management in previous campaigns. On August 4, 1864, however, General Price, Reynolds and General Kirby Smith met in Shreveport, Louisiana. They hammered out Price's selection as the leader of the planned Missouri invasion.84 Reynolds did not intend to accompany the expedition; contrary to charges of his critics, he had no designs to inaugurate a civil government in the state. Yet, political concerns caused Reynolds to alter his plans. In the event Price and his friends might hold an

83 Thomas C. Reynolds to Gen. Price, June 2, 1864, ibid.; S. Price to T.C. Reynolds, July 22, 1864, O.R., Vol. XLI, Part 2, 1020; Reynolds to S. Price, October 10, 1864, ibid., Part 3, 1000-1001. 84 W.R. Boggs to Maj. Gen. S. Price, August 4, 1864, ibid., Part 2, 1040-1041; Reynolds, "Sterling Price and the Confederacy," 119-120; Thomas C. Reynolds to Hon. George G. Vest, August 6, 1864; Reynolds to T.C. Manning, February 9, 1865; both in Thomas C. Reynolds microfilm. 444 Missouri Historical Review

election once the army reached Missouri, Reynolds joined the raid as an aide to General Shelby.85 The expedition did not achieve its military or political ob­ jectives. In defeat, Price's army became completely demoralized; looting and desertions increased during the retreat to Indian Terri­ tory. Reynolds held Price responsible for the lack of discipline and maintained that his blundering ruined hopes for Confederate suc­ cess in Missouri. He informed General Price that it would be necessary to repudiate and punish his conduct.86 When the gov­ ernor reached Indian Territory after the raid, he wrote General Smith that he would make a full report of the affair.87 In January 1865, Reynolds suggested that Price be removed from command of the District of Arkansas.88 Despite General M. Jeff Thompson's appeal to avoid fric­ tion—"we Missourians cannot afford a divided front'*89—Reynolds published a denunciation of the raid in the Marshall (Texas) Republican, December 23, 1864. Detailing examples of Price's al­ leged mismanagement and negligence, he attributed the disasters of the campaign to the glaring mismanagement and distressing mental and physical incapacity of Price. His indecisive policy had paralyzed everything.90 Reynolds's charges shocked General Price, and he demanded a courtmartial to vindicate his honor. When a court of inquiry convened in Shreveport, April 25, 1865, Governor Reynolds refused to testify. Nevertheless, he continued to couple his irritation over the meager results of the expedition with a bitter personal attack on General Price. He documented his relations with the general in the narrative "Sterling Price and the Confederacy," but ceased the project on learning of Price's death, September 9, 1867.91 There-

85 Thomas C. Reynolds to Gen. M. Jeff Thompson, April 13, 1864; Reynolds to Gen. E.K. Smith, July 25, 1864; Reynolds to Hon. J.A. Seddon, August 6, 1864; Reynolds to Gen. Price, October 2, 1864; all in ibid.; John McNeil to Capt. J.F. Bennett, November 26, 1864, O.R., Vol XLI, Part 1, 375. 86 Thomas C. Reynolds to Hon. Geo. G. Vest, January 24, 1865; Reynolds to Maj. Gen. M.M. Parsons, January 28, 1865; both in Thomas C. Reynolds microfilm; Reynolds to S. Price, December 24, 1864, O.R., Vol. XLI, Part 4, 1123. 87 Thomas C. Reynolds to General E.K. Smith, December 16, 1864, Thomas C. Reynolds microfilm. 88 Thomas C. Reynolds to J. Davis, January 18, 1865; Reynolds to General E.K. Smith, January 18, 19, 1865, ibid. On March 7, 1865, General Price assumed command of Mosby Parsons's Missouri division. O.R., Vol. XLVIII, Part 1, 1413, 1416. 89 M. Jeff Thompson to Thomas C. Reynolds, December 7, 1864, Missouri Historical Society Bulletin, XXX (April, 1974), 223. 90 John N. Edwards, Shelby and His Men (Cincinnati, 1867), 467-474. 91 Thomas C. Reynolds to E.H. Cushing, January 5, 1865; Reynolds to R.W. Laughery, January 18, 1865; both in Thomas C. Reynolds microfilm. Thomas Caute Reynolds 445

JO Shelby

after, Reynolds sought to neutralize his role in this incident. In 1880, he informed Jefferson Davis he only had intended to give a strictly impartial account of the facts.92 At a reunion of Shelby's brigade at Roanoke, Missouri, in 1871, Reynolds called Price, Missouri's foremost soldier.93 News of General Robert E. Lee's surrender at Appomattox, Virginia, reached trans-Mississippi headquarters at Shreveport on April 9, 1865. At a large rally in the town square twenty days later, Reynolds counselled continued resistance. On May 9, at the second Confederate governors conference, however, Reynolds stated that Missouri would accept whatever decision the authorities decided upon.94 He refused to sign the surrender document because he remained unsure of the fate of ex-Confederates in the United States.95 After the surrender, Reynolds joined other Confederate exiles in the flight to Mexico. When General Shelby arrived in San Antonio with his brigade on June 15, Reynolds had joined a group

92 Andrew F. Rolle, The Lost Cause: The Confederate Exodus to Mexico (Norman, Okla., 1965), 148; Thomas C. Reynolds to J. Davis, January 13, 20, 1880, Reynolds Papers, Missouri Historical Society. 93 Thomas C. Reynolds to Thomas L. Snead, February 16, 1887, Thomas L. Snead Papers. 94 Kerby, Kirby Smith's Confederacy, 414; Memorandum from the Marshall Conference, May 10, 1865, O.R., Vol. XLVIII, Part 1, 191. 95 Joseph H. Parks, General E. Kirby Smith, C.S.A. (Baton Rouge, La., 1962), 465-466; Lloyd A. Hunter, "Missouri's Confederate Leaders after the Civil War," MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW, LXVII (April, 1973), 381. 446 Missouri Historical Review

of generals and politicians at the Menger Hotel. He attached himself to the brigade and crossed the Rio Grande at Eagle Pass in July. Proceeding to Mexico City on the 15th in company with Generals Kirby Smith and Cadmus Wilcox, Reynolds and Smith continued on to Havana, Cuba. However, the governor returned to Mexico City in September.96 Thomas Reynolds took an active role in Mexican affairs. In November 1865, he informed Jefferson Davis that he had accepted a position as general superintendent of two short line railroads running from Mexico City.97 Emperor Maximilian I also appointed him to a commission headed by ex-Confederate Commander Matthew F. Maury, which sought colonization of Mexico with leading families of the South. However, Reynolds did not get along with Maury and soon left the colonization bureau to establish a law practice in Mexico City.98 Reynolds's busy life in Mexico included participation in several land speculation schemes. The Diario del Imperio, March 11, 1866, listed him among several Southerner petitioners for 16,000 acres near Tehuacan, Mexico. He founded a short-lived colony at the Bay of Banderos in western Jelisco Province.99 By November 1866, Reynolds had become Maximilian's closest American advisor. Even as the French occupation collapsed in March 1867, Reynolds ad­ vised the Emperor to fight on. When Mexico City surrendered to the forces of Benito Juarez on June 21, 1867, the new government retained Reynolds because of his previous diplomatic experience.100 Despite the outcome of the Civil War, Reynolds expected to return to Missouri as one of the ruling class.101 President Andrew Johnson granted amnesty to ex-Confederates on September 7, 1867. George W. Clark, the editor of The Two Republics, a weekly newspaper published in Mexico City, noted: "The presidential proclamation leaves under the law of prescription .... but one

96 Carl C. Rister, "Carlotta, A Confederate Colony in Mexico," Journal of Southern History, XI (February, 1945), 36-38; MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW, XLIX (October, 1954), 102; W.C. Nunn, Escape from Reconstruction (Westport, Conn., 1956), 32. 97 "Letters of Reynolds," 42; Rister, "Carlotta," 45. 98 George D. Harmon, "Confederate Migration to Mexico," Hispanic American Historical Review, XVII (November, 1937), 461; Thomas C. Reynolds to J. Davis, September 30, 1868, Reynolds Papers, Missouri Historical Society. 99 Cited in Rolle, The Lost Cause, 150. 100 Ibid., 152. 101 Thomas C. Reynolds to Gen. J.A. Early, May 21, 1868; Reynolds to J. Davis, September 30, 1868; both in Reynolds Papers, Missouri Historical Society. Thomas Caute Reynolds 447

U.S. citizen in Mexico; the Honorable Thos. C. Reynolds, Con­ federate Governor of Missouri."102 Reynolds traveled to Havana to await the restoration of his civil rights. On April 14, 1869, he debarked in New York City and shortly afterwards returned to St. Louis. On May 26, 1869, he returned the Missouri State Seal to Governor John W. McClurg. The seal had been in his possession since its capture at Lexington in September 1861.103 He made frequent appearances as a public speaker, including the Confederate reunion at Roanoke, Missouri, in August 1871, and the Washington University, St. Louis alumni in February 1873. For reasons of health, he declined to speak at the second Confederate reunion at Sherman, Texas, on August 10, 1882.104 Between 1872-1876, Reynolds served as the legal counsel for St. Louis County. In this capacity, he successfully defended a case before the Missouri State Supreme Court in October 1874. This upheld the constitutionality of the right of eminent domain and the expropriation of private land for public use.105 As a representative from the 5th District of St. Louis County, he served in the Missouri General Assembly from 1874 to 1877. Here, he introduced legisla­ tion to improve the St. Louis police department and the state penitentiaries.106 During this same period, Reynolds sought a role in national politics. In August 1872, he told Francis Lieber that old friends planned to send him to the U.S. Senate. Apparently, this effort never materialized.107 Three years later, through Attorney General Edward Pierpont, President Ulysses S. Grant urged David P. Dyer, the attorney in charge of prosecuting the St. Louis "Whiskey Ring," to engage the assistance of Reynolds. Reynolds declined to serve, however.108 102 Frank A. Knapp, "A New Source of the Confederate Exodus to Mexico," Journal of Southern History, XIX (August, 1953), 198-200. 103 Thomas C. Reynolds to J.W. McClurg, May 26, 1869, Reynolds Papers, Missouri Historical Society; Perry S. Rader, "The Great Seal of the State of Missouri, Part II," MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW, XXIII (April, 1929), 461-462. 104 Thomas C. Reynolds to Thomas L. Snead, December 27, 1881, Reynolds Papers, Missouri Historical Society; Walter B. Stevens, "The Home Coming of Shelby's Men," MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW, XIX (July, 1925), 605-608. 105 Kevin C. Kearns, "The Acquisition of St. Louis' Forest Park," ibid., LXII (January, 1968), 104-105; In Supreme Court: State of Missouri—In the Matter of Forest Park, October Term, 1874 (St. Louis, 1874); St. Louis Missouri Republican, July 12, 1874; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, July 9, 13, 1874. 106 Journal of the House of Representatives, Mo. 28th General Assembly (Jefferson City, 1875), 317-318, 1461-1464. 107 Hunter, "Missouri's Confederate Leaders after the Civil War," 382. 108 David P. Dyer, Autobiography and Reminiscences (St. Louis, 1922), 163-164. 448 Missouri Historical Review

The ex-governor worked assiduously for the restoration of normal relations between the former Confederates and the United States. In October 1876, he stressed to Democratic presidential nominee Samuel J. Tilden that ex-Confederates had no intention of waving the bloody shirt. As he explained to a friend: "We ex-rebels make no speeches now, for fear that the Republican journals will report us falsely."109 When an editorial in the Missouri Republican advised ex-Confederates to leave the determination of the sena­ torial contest to Union men, Reynolds rejected the tactic. He denied that former Confederates had set up ex-Confederate George G. Vest, candidate for the U.S. Senate in 1878.110 In July 1884, President Chester A. Arthur named Reynolds to a commission seeking to improve relations with Latin America. Rey­ nolds traveled widely throughout the area, especially in Nicaragua and Guatemala. His final report included considerable information about the projected interoceanic canal, as well as recommendations for a closer relationship with Mexico. He supported a fuller treat­ ment of the silver coin issue and the development of reciprocity treaties with Latin American nations.111 He coveted an appoint­ ment as Minister to Spain in 1885, but did not receive the post.112 On March 30, 1887, Thomas Reynolds apparently committed suicide by throwing himself down an elevator shaft in the St. Louis Post Office Building. He left behind a tragic note expressing his fears for the loss of his mental powers: "my mind is beginning to wander. I have hallucinations and even visions. . . . Life has become a burden to me. . . ."113 After funeral services at St. George's Episcopal Church in St. Louis on April 3, 1887, Thomas C. Rey­ nolds was buried beside his first wife.114

109 Thomas C. Reynolds to Samuel J. Tilden, October 26, 1876; Reynolds to Frederick O. Prince, October 26, 1876; both in Reynolds Papers, Missouri Historical Society. 110 Thomas C. Reynolds to Gov. J.S. Phelps, July 25, 1878, ibid. Incredibly, Reynolds became a regular editorial writer for the St. Louis Missouri Republican in the later years of his life. Chas. W. Knapp to W.R. Bixley, February 28, 1906, ibid. 111 Thomas C. Reynolds to Frederick Frelinghuysen, July 26, 1884; Reynolds to Thomas F. Bayard, May 28, 1885; Reynolds to S.O. Thatcher, August 13, 20, 29, 1885; all in ibid. 112 Thomas C. Reynolds to Norman J. Colman, July 4, 1885, ibid. 113 St. Louis Missouri Republican, March 31, 1887. 114 Ibid., April 1, 1887. 449 HISTORICAL NOTES AND COMMENTS

James L. Stephens Mrs. Amelia Stephens

Society Receives Bingham Portraits Through the generosity of Mrs. E. Sydney Stephens, of Co­ lumbia, Missouri, and Mrs. Marshall S. Woodson, of Thomasville, Georgia, the State Historical Society has added four portraits by George Caleb Bingham to its fine arts collection. These gifts increase the Society's collection of oil paintings by Missouri's most famous nineteenth-century artist to twenty-two. Mrs. Stephens presented to the Society the portraits of James Leachman Stephens and Amelia Hockaday Stephens. Portraits of Robert S. Barr and Mary Barr Singleton were given to the Society by Mrs. Woodson. James Leachman Stephens was born in Garrard County, Ken­ tucky, in 1815 to Elijah and Martha Renfro Stephens. In 1819, the family moved to Boone County. James Stephens began business in 1836 as a clerk in the dry goods store of Oliver Parker and Robert S. Barr. By 1843, he opened three dry goods stores of his own in Columbia, Mexico and Fulton. He also operated a successful farm and specialized in buying and selling mules. As a philanthropist and concerned citizen, he supported public improvements. 450 Missouri Historical Review

Stephens married Amelia Hockaday in 1844. Amelia had been born to Judge Irvine O. Hockaday and Emily Mills Hockaday, on March 28, 1827, in Callaway County; the family had recently moved there from Kentucky. Amelia received her education in Fulton and Winchester, Kentucky. The daughter of a prominent Presbyterian family, she became acquainted with Stephens. Shortly after their marriage in Fulton on February 4, 1844, James and Amelia Stephens went to live in Columbia. Two years later, they moved into a home that would be their residence for the rest of their lives. Amelia Stephens gave birth to a son, Edwin, in 1849, and a daughter, Anna, in 1854. In May 1869, she joined the Baptist Church. Encouraging her husband and son to accompany her, the threesome were baptized on the same day. Typical of the women of her era in Central Missouri, Amelia Stephens devoted herself to her family. She died in 1904. Born February 19, 1797, in Kentucky, Robert S. Barr was one of the first pioneers to Boone's Lick Country. In 1818, he joined with 35 other men to purchase land to establish the town of Smithton, Columbia's predecessor. Due to an insufficient water supply, the town moved to its present location and was named Columbia in 1821. Barr had maintained a dry goods store in Franklin, Missouri, before moving to Columbia. Barr married Mary M. Duncan in Paris, Kentucky, 1823. A year later, he established one of the first stores in Columbia with Oliver Parker. One of this town's wealthiest businessmen and farm­ ers, Barr early supported educa­ tion: he served as a trustee for the Bonne Femme Academy, 1829, for Columbia College (then Christian College), 1833 and 1851 and generously sub­ scribed to the University of Mis­ souri (then Columbia College) at its founding in 1839. An early transportation enthus­ iast, Barr incorporated the Roche- port Railroad Company with Anthony W. Rollins and seven others in 1837. He attended the Historical Notes and Comments 451 state plank road convention in Danville in 1851 to represent Boone County. A Whig, Barr helped purchase the Fayette newspaper, the Intelligencer, in 1835 with thirteen others; they changed the name of the news­ paper to the Columbia Patriot. In 1849 and 1850, he served Co­ lumbia as city trustee. Although the father of six children, only three lived to adulthood, Mary Eliza (Singleton), Caroline Imlay (Fulenwider) and William Barr, who died at the age of 20. Robert S. Barr died at the age of 55 in 1852. Mary Barr Singleton The first child of Robert S. and Mary M. Barr, Mary Eliza was born in 1828, four years after her parents had settled in Columbia. At the age of 19, she married Middleton Glaze Singleton, who was a law student at the University of Missouri. After Singleton gradu­ ated in 1850, his father-in-law gave the young couple 1,500 acres of farmland near the site of Centralia. At "Grasslands," the Singletons mainly grew corn and raised livestock. By 1860, they were one of the wealthiest families in Boone County. A slaveowner, Middleton Singleton supported the South during the Civil War, serving as a lieutenant colonel in the Missouri State Guard. In 1863, Union troops supposedly burned their home. The guerrilla band of Bill Anderson camped on the Singleton's land before the Centralia massacre. At the end of the war, Mary Eliza moved with her family to a farm near Fulton. They had seven sons and one daughter. Mary Eliza Singleton died of pneumonia on January 7, 1884. These are fine examples of Bingham's portrait painting. The State Historical Society will exhibit the four portraits in the art gallery during the annual meeting open house, October 25, 1986.

Bearing Up

Pipeline, Campbell Area Genealogical & Historical Society, December, 1985. It is easier for a person to bear all the misfortunes of his neighbors than a single one of his own. 452 Missouri Historical Review

Dr. Lewis Atherton Honored

Atherton Recognition Day, April 19, in Columbia, honored former State Historical Society of Missouri president Lewis E. Atherton. Professor Emeritus of History, Dr. Atherton retired from the University of Missouri-Columbia History Department in 1973 after 37 years of service to the university faculty. Dr. Atherton is a permanent trustee of the State Historical Society and served as director of the Western Historical Manuscript Collection in 1951- 1953 and 1957-1963. He received the Society's Distinguished Ser­ vice Award in 1984. The recipient of numerous other awards and citations, Dr. Atherton is the author of more than 30 articles and four books. Many of Dr. Atherton's former students, friends and col­ leagues gathered to pay recognition to him. The State Historical Society and the Joint Collection, University of Missouri Western Historical Manuscript Collection-State Historical Society of Mis­ souri Manuscripts held open house in the Society's quarters. An informal seminar chaired by Dr. James W. Goodrich, director of the State Historical Society and the Joint Collection, featured papers given by former Atherton students. Dr. Timothy F. Reilly read "The Influence of Geography on the Southern-Based Abolitionist: A Synopsis of Four Case Studies." Dr. Homer E. Historical Notes and Comments 453

Socolofsky addressed the group on "Forty Kansas Governors." Dr. Donald H. Welsh presented "Bonanza Ranching in the Little Mis­ souri Bad Lands." "St. Louis-Chicago Rivalry, 1850-1880" was given by Dr. J. Neal Primm. Dr. Richard W. Sellars read a paper on "The Granite Orchards of Gettysburg." Dr. Goodrich and Nancy Lankford, associate director of West­ ern Historical Manuscripts, helped coordinate the afternoon activi­ ties. An evening reception and dinner took place in the University Alumni Center. Several friends and former students of Dr. Ather­ ton remarked on their associations with him through the years. Dr. Goodrich read a resolution of appreciation from the Missouri House of Representatives highlighting Dr. Atherton's accomplish­ ments. The Atherton Recognition Day was held in conjunction with the Phi Alpha Theta regional conference, April 18-19, at the Holi­ day Inn East, Columbia. The History Department at the University of Missouri-Columbia and the State Historical Society hosted the events. 454 Missouri Historical Review Review Board of Editors Established

In the April 1986 issue of the MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW, an editorial board was listed on the inside front cover. The establish­ ment of a Board of Editors will make the REVIEW a refereed journal. Whenever the editorial staff feels that it lacks sufficient knowledge of the subject of a contributed manuscript, a member of the editorial board will be asked to critique the paper. The Board of Editors is composed of a distinguished group of scholars. Each of the members has published in his or her own field of interest, and each member is a student of some facet of the history of Missouri and its people. Lawrence O. Christensen, professor of History at the Univer­ sity of Missouri-Rolla, has coauthored Missouri: The Heart of a Nation and a history of the University of Missouri-Rolla, among his many publications, including articles published in the REVIEW. William E. Foley, professor of History at Central Missouri State University, Warrensburg, is the author of Volume One of the sesquicentennial series entitled History of Missouri 1763-1820 and coauthor of The First Chouteaus. He also has published several articles in the REVIEW as well as other journals. Jean Tyree Hamilton of Marshall is a trustee of the State Historical Society. Her book, Arrow Rock, Where Wheels Started West, is well known. Susan M. Hartmann, professor of History at the University of Missouri-St. Louis, is the author of Truman and the 80th Congress. Her other publications have included articles on women in history. Alan R. Havig is on the faculty at Stephens College, Columbia. He is the author of Columbia [Missouri], An Illustrated History, and journal articles in several publications, including the REVIEW. Pro­ fessor Emeritus of History, David D. March, of Kirksville, is author of the four-volume History of Missouri. His articles have appeared in the REVIEW and other scholarly journals. Society trustee Arvarh E. Strickland, professor of History at the University of Missouri- Columbia, is the author of History of the Chicago Urban League. He has published articles in the REVIEW and other professional journals. The State Historical Society wishes to publicly thank the members of the Board of Editors for their willingness to serve. Historical Notes and Comments 455

NEWS IN BRIEF The Old Appleton Bridge Restoration the University of Missouri-Columbia. She Committee is progressing in its efforts gave a talk on "Professionalism in Li­ to restore the mill and bridge destroyed braries." during a 1982 flash flood. The water- powered grist mill, with its millpond, waterfall and dam, and the iron-truss The Missouri State Museum hosted a bridge, constructed 1879, had served as traveling exhibit of the Mid-America Arts centers of commercial and social activity. Alliance on "Women in War" in the Eliza­ Tourists from across the nation enjoyed beth Rozier Gallery at the Union Hotel, this site and its surrounding park. The Jefferson Landing State Historic Site, Missouri Heritage Trust, the state non­ Jefferson City. From March 5 through profit historic preservation organization, March 26, this display of 46 original established the restoration committee recruitment posters demonstrated the shortly after the flood. Through local variety of roles women assumed during fund raising, the committee now has World War I and the importance of over $35,000 to begin work to restore posters in war propaganda. The posters historic Old Appleton Bridge. Those wish­ originated from the collection of the ing to assist in the project or make a World War I Museum at Liberty Memo­ donation may write The Old Appleton rial, Kansas City. The Missouri Arts Coun­ Bridge Restoration Committee, c/o Post­ cil and the National Endowment on the master, Old Appleton, Missouri 63770, Arts provided partial funding. or phone (314)788-2110 or 334-0344.

During April, the State Historical So­ Westminster College in Fulton cele­ ciety provided a display at the Columbia brated the 40th anniversary of Sir Wins­ Public Library, the headquarters of the ton Churchill's "Iron Curtain" speech and Daniel Boone Regional Library. Mrs. visit to the college, 1946. Vice President Leona Morris, research assistant for the George Bush served as the John Findley MISSOURI HISTORICAL RKVIEW, arranged a Green lecturer on March 5. A special series of postcard views of Boone, Cal­ exhibit of a selection of Churchill's paint­ laway and Howard counties. These items ings highlighted the opening in the came from the Society's extensive pic­ Churchill Memorial undercroft, March torial collection and focused on the area 1. Also in the undercroft, a Churchill served by the regional library. Film Festival took place between April 20 and 27. The culmination of the anni­ versary observance on April 25-27, fea­ The eighth annual conference of the tured scholars from the United States Confederate Historical Institute was held and England in a symposium on "Wins­ April 10-12, in Kansas City, at the Quality ton Churchill and Anglo-American Rela­ Inn Americana, 1301 Wyandotte. The tions." Civil War Round Table Associates of Little Rock, Arkansas, sponsored the three-day symposium entitled, "Civil On March 13, Anne T. Keenan, refer­ War on the Border." Lectures featured ence specialist in the Newspaper Library Order No. 11, the battles of Wilson's of the State Historical Society, spoke to Creek, Pea Ridge, Big Blue, Pilot Knob the student chapter of the Special Li­ and Lexington, as well as, Jesse James, braries Association in Stewart Hall at William Quantrill and Confederate Gen- 456 Missouri Historical Review erals Sterling Price and JO Shelby. Ed Hermann began its sesquicentennial Bearss, chief historian of the National celebration, May 3. A special court of Park Service, spoke at the Thursday ban­ inquiry hearing exonerated George F. quet on "The Great Missouri Raid." The Bayer, founder of Hermann, of 150-year- next evening, Orvis Fitts of the Kansas old charges that he had chosen an inap­ City Round Table, presented a talk on propriate site for the German Settlement "The Battle of Westport." Mr. Bearss Society in 1836. Secretary of State Roy directed a tour of Westport on Saturday D. Blunt served as featured speaker that morning. Dr. Grady McWhiney of Texas same day. Included in the early summer Christian University, Fort Worth, con­ activities of the sesquicentennial was the cluded the conference with a lecture on Maifest, May 17 and 18, which focused "Fighting Texans." on the theme, "We Celebrate the Old and New Traditions."

The Missouri Conference on History held its two-day meeting, April 11-12, The Golden Eagle River Museum in on the campus of Northwest Missouri Bee Tree Park, South St. Louis, opened State University, Maryville. Papers pre­ May 1. Its hours are 1:00 P.M. to 5:00 P.M., sented during the conference that related Wednesdays through Sundays until Oc­ to the history of Missouri and Missou­ tober 31. Mrs. Mac Allister of Hollister rians were: Robert Flanders's "Cale­ spoke on March 23, at the museum about donia, Missouri: A Multi-Disciplinary Captain Henry Shreve. Study of an Ozarks Community"; Lynn Morrow's "Marshall and the East Woods: A County Center of the New South"; Dr. James W. Goodrich, director of Donald B. Oster's "The Midwestern Land­ the State Historical Society of Missouri, scape as Perceived by Nineteenth Cen­ spoke about the Society for the Mizzou tury Frontiersmen and Settlers"; Mary- Optimists on April 23, at the Flaming Pit ellen H. McVicker's "Bingham, The Restaurant, Columbia. The Southside Boonslick and His Students"; Sharon Optimists invited him to speak on the Pederson's "Married Women in Missouri same subject at their May 6 meeting at Education: A Case Study"; Frank D. Boone Tavern, Columbia. Cunningham's "Harry S. Truman and Universal Military Training, 1945"; and Kent M. Beck's "Troubled Convergence: Officers for the Missouri Folklore So­ Finletter, Truman and the Early Cold ciety for 1985-1986 are: Elaine Lawless, War 1945-1950." Dr. James W. Goodrich, president; Charles Mink, first vice presi­ director of the State Historical Society, dent; Jane Frick, second vice president; served on a panel for the session "His­ Donald M. Lance, secretary; and Ruth torical Societies Working in Missouri." Barton and Earl Pepmiller, cotreasurers.

Insurance Against Twins

Policy Holder, February, 1903. An Englishman has organized an insurance company to insure against twins. It does not insure that there will be no twins, but provides that in case more than one pair of twins is born in the family the surplus population will be taken care of at the expense of the company. This is a great thing for young married people, and there will probably be a rush to take out policies. Historical Notes and Comments 457

LOCAL HISTORICAL SOCIETIES Affton Historical Society side of the museum. Beginning May 25, The Affton Cougar and Oakland Quilt- the museum opened for viewing the last ers sponsored a dual show, "Reflections Sunday afternoon of each month. Other of the Quilter's Art," April 11-13, at Oak­ times can be arranged by contacting a land, 7801 Genesta, and the Auditorium member of the museum committee. The at Affton High School. The event bene­ Society meets the third Thursday of each fited the Society's historic home, Oak­ month at 7:30 P.M. at the museum. land, and the arts in the Affton School District. Barton County Historical Society Members held the April 24 quarterly Some 75 members and guests attended the April 13 quarterly meeting in the meeting at the Affton Presbyterian Law Chapel of the Lamar United Metho­ Church. The Novi Royal Tamburitzans, dist Church. Retiring board members, a string instrument group that plays and George Leker and Pauline Layne, re­ sings Croatian music, provided the pro­ ceived certificates of appreciation for gram. their many years of service to the So­ Andrew County Historical Society ciety. Members learned that the Society Officers for 1986-1987 are Mrs. Mary received first place for heritage at the Helen Hower, president; Frank Shores, community betterment awards night. vice president; Mrs. Lloyd Davis, secre­ The Society also had been nominated tary; and Mrs. Leola Nicholas, treasurer. for community service, cultural and pa­ Roy Coy, museum director, assisted triotism awards. Reba Young introduced by his wife, Ada, has arranged and added Mike Surbrugg of the Joplin Globe staff, new items to the exhibits in the museum who spoke on "Is There Gold in Golden in the Clasbey Building, Savannah. The City?" He told how geology played a museum opened on May 1, and during major part in the settlement of the town Old Fashioned Days in Savannah, May and related details about Golden City in 1-4, two groups of spinners demonstrated the 1880s. their skills. Volunteers from the Society Officers of the Society are Bob also staffed the Marx Log Cabin and Douglas, president; Reba Young, vice answered questions during the event. president and program chairman; Dal- Mrs. Martha Marcum and Mrs. Elizabeth ton Harris, treasurer; Marie Tuck, secre­ Calvert supervise several hundred orig­ tary; and Eugene Guy, museum curator. inal probate court records now housed The Society recently began special dis­ in a special room of the museum. The plays each month at the museum in museum will remain open until Novem­ Lamar. These included ladies' heads ber 1. planters, in March; fairy lamps, in April; and glass baskets in May. Aurora Historical Society The Society meets the fourth Tues­ Belton Historical Society day, monthly, at 7:30 P.M., in the Cham­ After being closed for the winter, the ber of Commerce room at the Aurora Belton Museum opened March 15 and City Hall. featured an exhibit on the early schools. Barnard Community Historical Society Located in the front portion of the Old The Society continues to receive arti­ City Hall building, 512 Main, the museum cles for display in its Depot Museum in regularly opens from 1 to 4 P.M., on Barnard. A baggage cart, presently being Monday, Wednesday and Friday. Perma­ restored, will be placed on the south nent exhibits relate to Carry Nation, Dale 458 Missouri Historical Review

Carnegie and Harry S. Truman, as well anniversary at the February 4 annual as the early history of Belton. meeting and election of officers in the Members held their April 20 quarterly American Legion building, Blue Springs. meeting in the Old City Hall. Following Dr. William House spoke about "Fur the business meeting, Hal Godet pre­ Traders." The Blue Springs High School sented the program. The speaker serves Chamber Choir provided a musical pro­ as director of the "Bedside Network," a gram. Officers elected were Bruce Dot- volunteer organization working in vet­ son, president; Dianna Wrinkle, vice erans hosptials. president; Lonnie Geelan, recording sec­ retary; Ruth McBride, corresponding Benton County Historical Society secretary; and Nadine Seeger, treasurer. Mrs. R.H. Church, of Deep water, gave The Society held its March 4 meeting the program at the March 13 meeting in at the Dillingham-Lewis House Museum the Warsaw Branch of the Boonslick in Blue Springs. John Michael, mayor of Regional Library. She presented a slide Blue Springs, discussed the plans of a show on "Area Architecture." local citizens group which he formed. At the April 10 meeting, John Owen, The Historic Preservation Task Force of Warsaw, spoke on "Symbols of Free­ will study the location and identification dom." of historic sites and buildings downtown. Members held the annual museum The April 1 meeting at the museum benefit dinner, May 30, at the Warsaw included a talk by Bobbi Austin about Community Building. A musical program the recruiting, training and opportunities followed the dinner. It featured area for volunteers at St. Mary's Hospital, musicians playing music written prior to Blue Springs. 1900. Members continue serving food at auc­ The Benton County Museum, located tions as a successful fund-raising project. on Schoolhouse Hill in Warsaw, opened Proceeds are used for the improvement on June 1. Museum hours are 1 to 5 P.M., of the museum. The Society has chosen Tuesday through Sunday, until Septem­ Robert J. Berkebile as architect for its ber 1. major undertaking, the restoration of the Bethel German Communal Colony, Inc. Chicago-Alton Hotel, built in 1879. On May 17 and 18, the Colony pre­ Bollinger County Historical Society sented the second annual Bethel Colony On April 13, the Society met at the antiques show and sale in nine 19th- courthouse in Marble Hill. Dr. Gene Rich­ century buildings, a part of the Bethel Historic District. Some 30 dealers offered ardson, of the Tennessee Valley Author­ quality 18th- and 19th-century antiques ity, Golden Pond, Kentucky, presented and art for sale. Other activities included a living-history program entitled, "A tours of three Colony homes, music by Visit With Jacob Pryor." Dressed in the Bethel German Band, home-cooked period costume, he became Pryor, the German and American meals at the Fest character he portrays at the Homeplace- Hall and lectures. Chester Calvert, of 1850. Located at Land Between the Shelbina, exhibited some of his work Lakes near Golden Pond, the Homeplace- and demonstrated the art of woodcarv- 1850 is a recreated, operational farm­ ing. Dr. Adolf Schroeder, of the Uni­ stead, complete with livestock and versity of Missouri-Columbia, spoke on equipment of the 1850s. A local musical "The German Culture in Missouri and group, the Harmonaires, presented well- its Influence in Bethel." known folk songs a cappella.

Blue Springs Historical Society Boone County Historical Society Members celebrated the Society's tenth The Society reported on several re- Historical Notes and Comments 459

cent and continuing projects. Work­ James W. Goodrich spoke on "The State shops, on January 22 and February 20, Historical Society Now and in the Fu­ related to building research, identifica­ ture." George Shirley, a member from tion, architecture, history of ownership Springfield, presented a historical music and family life. The committee, for the program at the Swinney Conservatory old homes and buildings of Boone to conclude the evening. County project, plans to compile and publish their findings. In cooperation Brush and Palette Club with the Genealogical Society of Central The Club held its regular April 6 meet­ Missouri, the Historical Society made ing in the headquarters building of the plans for a library and archival facility Deutschheim State Historic Site in Her­ in the new Boone County Historical mann. Following the business meeting, Museum. Society members have dis­ members viewed the archaeological played models and presented talks about work underway at the Strehly House, fund-raising for the museum. The Co­ one of the two houses on tour at the site. lumbia Board of Realtors held a contest, Butler County Historical Society costume dance, chili dinner and auctions The Society met for the April 28 meet­ for the museum project and raised $8,600 ing at the Margaret Harwell Art Museum for the Society's building fund. in Poplar Bluff. Dr. Jane Stephens, his­ Boone/ Duden Historical Society tory professor at Southeast Missouri State On February 24, the first organiza­ University, Cape Girardeau, and a pres­ tional meeting of the Society occurred ervation specialist, was the guest speaker. at the historic "Missouri Territorial Vil­ She presented a program on "Correct lage" in the heart of Femme Osage Val­ Methods of Restoration." ley in St. Charles County. The name of Camden County Historical Society the Society suggests its focus on the The Society meets on the third Mon­ historical heritage of Daniel Boone and day of each month at the museum in Gottfried Duden and their followers in Linn Creek. As a fund-raising project, their Missouri settlement areas. Over 20 rugs are woven on an old-fashioned persons attended the meeting and elected "barn" loom. During the summer months, the following temporary officers: Bill members give tours through the muse­ Schiermeier, chairman; and Adele Greg­ um's eight rooms of antiques and other ory, secretary/treasurer. After discussion items such as Missouri rocks, furniture, of policies and goals, members set the buggies and farm implements. Hours annual dues at $2.50 per member and are 10 A.M. to 4 P.M. made plans to meet on the last Monday of even numbered months. The meetings Campbell Area Genealogical will rotate to different historic places. and Historical Society Members officially adopted the gen­ On March 2, the Society met at the eral organization and constitution of the Campbell Branch Library. Miss Eulalia Society during the April 28 meeting at Ramsey, former teacher and principal, the Femme Osage Church hall. Ralph gave the program. Using a cassette tape, Gregory showed a series of slides on the she told about a handicapped Chippewa history of Gottfried Duden. Indian youth from North Dakota and a teacher who assisted in his learning to Boonslick Historical Society talk. Some 40 persons attended the spring dinner meeting, April 16, at Holt Hall, Carondelet Historical Society Central Methodist College in Fayette. The Society held the February 16 gen­ Following the business meeting, Dr. eral membership meeting at the Caronde- 460 Missouri Historical Review let Historic Center. A report on progress ing in the old jail building in Stockton. at the Center noted upcoming improve­ Don Owen presented the program and ments of new guttering, preparation of showed a series of slides of scenes in walls for installation of blackboard and Australia and some of the islands. refinishing the kindergarten floor. Mem­ Members met in the Community Hall bers discussed and passed an increase in in Jerico Springs on February 24. Quinten dues to individual, $10; husband and Walsh, a conservation agent, provided a wife, $15; and life, $150. Business mem­ slide-illustrated program on snakes of bership remains at $25 and junior mem­ Missouri. bership stays at 50C. Ross Wagner, his­ J.C. Thompson served as the speaker torian of the Affton Historical Society, at the March 31 meeting in the Savings gave a program on U.S. Grant's home, and Loan Building in El Dorado Springs. White Haven. A representative of the Northern Chero­ Members met for the spring luncheon kee Indians, he explained that they are a and shower for the Center on April 20. separate tribe and not a part of the The shower donations of useful items Cherokee Nation. He also said many help defray the operating costs of the Cherokees had settled in Cedar County. Center. The program by Roger Taylor Centralia Historical Society featured the early 1700 settlement located After closing during January and Feb­ at the Des Peres and Mississippi rivers. ruary for redecorating and a thorough Carroll County Historical Society house cleaning, the Society's museum Members held the March 27 meeting reopened to the public on March 1. and covered-dish supper in the DeWitt The Society sponsored an all-day craft community building. J.J. McKinney, of show at the Centralia City Hall on March DeWitt, told about early settlers and 22. The successful event raised funds for activities in the area. DeWitt will cele­ recarpeting the first floor of the mu­ brate its sesquicentennial on May 24. seum. Betty Warden entertained on the elec­ On April 7, members held their annual tronic organ. Members scheduled a clean­ meeting and a luncheon at the museum. up day, April 28, in preparation for The president and committee chairmen opening the museum in Carrollton on offered reports and an overall view of May 1. The Society has purchased a Society activities. microfilm viewer which will be placed Officers of the Society are Ruth Mil­ in the Carrollton Library for use by the ler, president; Pauline Harshbarger, vice public. president; Jacquie Forrest, secretary; and Mary Lomo, treasurer. Cass County Historical Society Some 50 members and guests attended Chariton County Historical Society the February 23 meeting in Pearson Hall, A carry-in lunch preceded the business Cass County Information Center, Har­ meeting and program, April 20, at the risonville. Sonny Wells, of Liberty, a museum in Salisbury. Dr. A.E. Schroeder, Civil War researcher, told about the last professor emeritus of German studies at year spent in compiling lists of Union the University of Missouri-Columbia, pre­ and Confederate soldiers in the area. He sented a slide program, "Research on also gave details on plans for the Bates German Heritage." Mrs. Faye Farthing, County Civil War Reenactment, April Society president, announced plans for 19-20, at the fairgrounds, Butler. a May 18 open house at the museum to commemorate the 30th anniversary of Cedar County Historical Society the museum in Salisbury. Marjorie Alice The Society held its January 27 meet­ Richardson invited everyone to attend Historical Notes and Comments 461 the Brunswick 150th anniversary celebra­ Jan Gross, secretary; and Loretta Mur­ tion, June 18-22. phy, treasurer. Roger Boyd gave the program at the Civil War Round Table of Kansas City April 22 meeting. He spoke on what is Roger D. Parker, a local member, pre­ happening with the Northeast Missouri sented the program at the February 25 Regional Planning Commission. meeting in Homestead Country Club, Prairie Village, Kansas. Dr. Parker gave Clay County Historical Society a scholarly talk on "The Southern Cav­ Members met on March 13, at the alier and the Civil War." James S. Rooney Justice Center in Lib­ A program on "Field Artillery of the erty. Milton Perry, director of historic Army of Tennessee" highlighted the sites for the Clay County Parks Depart­ March 25 meeting. The Rev. Larry J. ment, addressed the group. He told Daniel, author of a book on the subject about current projects for the various and pastor of the Oakhaven United Meth­ sites. odist Church, Memphis, Tennessee, made the presentation. Clay County Museum Asssociation Major Rick Eiserman, assigned to the Officers of the Association for 1986 Combat Studies Institute, Command and are Ron Bross, president; Jan Venable, General Staff College, Ft. Leavenworth, vice president; James Patterson, secre­ Kansas, served as the guest speaker at tary; and Laura Pharis, treasurer. the April 22 meeting. He spoke on "Lin­ Sonny Wells presented the program at coln and the Sleeping Sentinel" and re­ the February 25 meeting at the Village called an 1861 incident involving Union Inn Restaurant in Liberty. He discussed Pvt. William Scott. the War Between the States in the Clay County area. Civil War Round Table of the Ozarks The Association has a new museum Officers of the Round Table for 1986 brochure, designed by curator Ron are James Cox, president; Roland V. Fuenfhausen. Individuals and businesses Cox and John Arnold, vice presidents; purchased sponsorships which financed Bill Wood, treasurer; Louise Carlstrom, the printing of 5,000 copies. secretary; Billie Matkov, historian; and Members held the annual spring din­ Maxine Dunaway, newsletter editor. ner, April 29, in the Yates Union, William The Round Table held it February 12 Jewell College, Liberty. Missouri's Execu­ meeting at the 89er Restraurant, Spring­ tive Mansion Preservation speakers bu­ field. Don Seneker presented the program reau provided the program. It featured on "Civil War in the Southwest." a slide presentation on the mansion and The March 12 meeting featured a talk a traveling exhibit of mansion artifacts. by Dr. Tom Sweeney. He spoke on The Neth Family Singers gave musical "Southwestern Indians in the Civil War." entertainment. Dave Lane, superintendent of Wilson's Cole Camp Area Historical Society Creek National Battlefield near Spring­ The Society held the February 10 meet­ field, addressed the Round Table on ing at the Benton County R-l School, April 9. He provided an update on Wil­ Cole Camp. Pat Beckman presented a son's Creek. film, The American Parade-The 34th Clark County Historical Society Star. It featured the history and develop­ The Society held its March 25 meeting ment of the Territory of Kansas through at the Sever Library in Kahoka. Officers its admission as the 34th state of the elected were Steve Murphy, president; Union. 462 Missouri Historical Review

During a special called meeting, March Retirement Homes No. 2 Recreation Cen­ 10, members voted to make a second ter, Greenfield. John Winfield, an em­ printing of Cole Camp Area History ployee of H. & R. Block, gave a lecture 1839-1976. Miss Li Xiao-xia, of Lanzhous on tax returns and then answered ques­ Gansu Province, China, gave a program tions from the audience. on the customs, education and culture During March, the Society held its of China. annual fund-raising events, the sixth The Society presented honorary life­ grade boys' and girls' basketball tourna­ time member certificates to three mem­ ments. Proceeds from the games will be bers at the April 14 meeting. Dora Ed- used to continue restoration of historic ing Owens, Fred Green and Maurine Hulston Mill in Hulston Mill Historical Schwald Green received the awards. Park. Nora Beckman, Mable Hazlett and Laura The business portion of the April 1 Heimsoth provided the program. They meeting included evaluation of tourna­ had taught elementary grades for black ments and completion of plans for print­ students in the 1920s and 1930s. ing Hulston Mill notepaper. In keeping with the meeting date, members brought Cole County Historical Society unidentified baby pictures to see how The Society reported that Dr. Bryan many others they could fool. Some re­ Pope had resigned as president and the ceived appropriate rewards. board selected James A. Rozier as interim president. The personnel committee con­ Dallas County Historical Society tinues its efforts to locate a new curator Wayne Glenn, of radio station KTXR, for the Society's museum. Springfield, presented the program at the March 6 meeting in the O'Bannon Crawford County Historical Society Community Building in Buffalo. He gave The Society met for a carry-in dinner a history of the phonograph record and and meeting, April 17, at the Two- displayed a variety of records from his Score-Plus Building club room in Cuba. vast collection. Members listened to Dorothea Presson, Society president, selections from old records as well as reported on working with the history some old radio commercial announce­ book committee in compiling family his­ ments. tories. Members held the April 3 meeting at Creve Coeur-Chesterfield the Dallas County Abstract Office in Historical Society Buffalo. Wilburn Smithpeter told about Members held the March 11 meeting his 62 years of abstract work in the at the Creve Coeur Government Center. county. A display featured the oldest Mrs. Til Kiel presented a slide show of abstract book, circa 1867 and the modern the Manchester area. process of placing records on microfilm. The April 8 meeting featured a film Abstracts provide a good history of a on the life of Charles Russell, the great county. western painter. Ward Parker, a Society Dent County Historical Society member and cousin of the artist, gave a The Society met, March 14, at the talk on Russell and his family. Community Center in Salem. A covered- During Creve Coeur Days on May 18, dish dinner preceded the business meet­ the Society conducted a bus tour of ing and program. Dr. Michael Patrick, historic sites in Creve Coeur and Ches­ of the English Department of the Uni­ terfield. versity of Missouri-Rolla, showed slides Dade County Historical Society and discussed the "orphan trains" which On February 4, the Society met in the ran from 1854 to 1927. Mrs. Kathy Love Historical Notes and Comments 463

gave a report on a grant relating to the May 17-18. The event, a re-creation of Trail of Tears. the fur trade era, included traders, mu­ sicians and craftsmen, all in period dress. Dunklin County Museum Visitors could purchase trade goods, On April 5, during General Coutts crafts and foods authentic to the early Day, the Museum held a reception in 1800s. honor of Brig. Gen. James W. Coutts and his wife, Mary, of Kennett. Warren Franklin County Historical Society Karsten, mayor of Kennett, had issued a The Society reported on progress in proclamation designating the day. The preparations for opening the museum Missouri Senate also passed a resolution for the season on May 17. Located on praising the general for his service to the Route 1, Washington, the museum will nation and her allies in war and peace remain open until October 15. during his 30-year career in the army. Friends of Arrow Rock The reception opened a special General For the third year, the Friends, in Coutts exhibit of military memorabilia, cooperation with the Arrow Rock State medals and other items of historical in­ Historic Site and a special grant from terest from the general's personal collec­ the Historic Arrow Rock Council, pre­ tion. The military exhibit remained on sented a children's education program, display through April. April 8-May 29. Students from grades Ferguson Historical Society one through six participated in activities Members held the April 10 general including work and school life in the meeting at the Presbyterian Church in 19th century. In the past two years, more Ferguson. Mary Pheiffer had charge of than 6,000 children have experienced the the program which featured Jean Berg. program. She showed pictures from her trip to Members held their annual meeting Russia. on April 13, at the Information Center in On April 20, the Society participated Arrow Rock. Five directors and the fol­ in a "tail-gate" sale. Members brought lowing officers were reelected: Dr. John items for sale and raised funds for the Lawrence, first vice president; and Wil­ Society. liam G. Buckner, treasurer. Members set policy for use of Friends' buildings for Florissant Valley Historical Society movie sets and planned coming projects. Members held the April 13 quarterly The meeting adjourned with refresh­ meeting and a mini book fair at Taille ments and tours of the Sites Gun Shop de Noyer, Florissant. and House. Fort Osage Historical Society Friends of Historic Boonville Members met for the spring general The Friends reported successful events meeting, April 4, at the Sibley Com­ in the Thespian Hall Tonight Concert munity Center. The program included a Series. Due to cooperation with the Con­ presentation on the pioneer Reber family cerned Citizens for the Black Commu­ and their home. Susan Burton, superin­ nity, the "Sweet Saturday Night" concert tendent of special services of the Jackson on February 20, broke all box office County Parks and Recreation Depart­ records. On March 7 and 8, Addison ment, also addressed the members. She Meyer directed the Stephens College pro­ related future plans of recently organized duction of Under Milk Wood. heritage programs and museums project Members held the March 20 member­ and how Fort Osage will be affected. ship meeting at the Rod and Gun Club, The Society participated in the annual Boonville. Committees reported on work River Days celebration at Fort Osage on in progress and plans for other projects. 464 Missouri Historical Review

Friends of Keytesville accessories and a man's wedding suit. The Friends met on April 14, at the The styles spanned the period from 1860 home of President Nellie Weger in Key­ to 1955. A third memorabilia display tesville. Members discussed several items cabinet has been added to the museum. of business. Mr. and Mrs. Fletcher Parks Items from the Civil War through the and Mr. and Mrs. Stan Ross serve on a Korean Conflict fill the cabinet. committee to investigate acquiring the The Society held a carry-in dinner old mill stones at the former Hugo Bartz and quarterly meeting, April 17, in the residence for the Friends. Following a community room of the Coburn Building, clean-up day on April 28, the General Chillicothe. Edward P. Milbank, presi­ Sterling Price Museum officially opened dent of Milbank Mills, Inc., presented a for the 1986 season on May 1. Eugene program on the history of Milbank Mills. Kistler continues to serve as museum His great-grandfather founded the busi­ host. Duane Leimkuehler loaned a large ness in Chillicothe in 1867. scrapbook covering the career of Judge W.W. Rucker for display. Museum hours Grandview Historical Society are 2 to 5 P.M., Monday through Friday, The February 3 meeting at 705 Main until October 31. Street, Grandview, featured a program on Civil War equipment and dress. Judy Friends of Missouri Town-1855 and Jim Beckner, members of the Civil Officers are Arnold Adams, president; War reenactors, gave the presentation. Glen Glasco, vice president; Rita Adams, Susan Peterson, curator of the Plane­ secretary; and Lorrie Jones, treasurer. tarium of the Kansas City Museum, Missouri Town docents again donated served as speaker at the March 3 meet­ at least 400 hours of time to the on-site ing. She made an illustrated talk on "Hal- interpretation of Missouri Town during ley's Comet Return." 1985. From late April through October, Members, who attended a "green din­ the volunteers talked with 7,500 to 8,000 ner" on March 17, experienced fun and visitors. surprises. On March 25, the bright red Recent Friends activities at Missouri caboose, sent by the Union Pacific Rail­ Town-1855, Lake Jacomo near Blue road, was placed beside the Kansas City Springs, have included a quilting work­ Southern Railroad station in Grandview. shop, April 13, and spring planting and The Society continues renovation of the cleaning days, April 19 and 20. station for use as a community museum.

Glendale Historical Society Greene County Historical Society This new Society held it first meeting, Officers of the Society for 1986 are April 24, in the auditorium of the Glen­ Hayward Barnett, president; Mrs. Kitty dale City Hall. The group plans to col­ Lipscomb, vice president; Mrs. Berrien lect and permanently display old photo­ Hull, secretary; and Charles Sheppard, graphs, maps, books and memorabilia treasurer. and record oral histories. Officers include "The Flight and Plight of Bryan," by Bernard F. Lyons, president; and Mrs. Wesley Summers, highlighted the Febru­ Philip Ferrill, secretary. Meetings will ary 27 meeting at the Battlefield Heritage be held quarterly. Cafeteria in Springfield. A dramatized presentation on the life and time of Wil­ Grand River Historical Society liam Jennings Bryan, it had won second On April 7, the Society's museum in place in the individual category of the Chillicothe opened for the season. A National History Day competition last display, arranged by Jane Stark, museum year. H.C. "Mike" Compton, presiding cocurator, featured wedding dresses and commissioner of the Greene County Com- Historical Notes and Comments 465

mission, spoke on "Greene County ... Phoebe Apperson Hearst Past, Present and Future." Historical Society At the March 27 meeting, the Society On April 6, the Society held the 24th recognized those present who saw Hal- annual Arbor Day observance at Hearst ley's Comet when it appeared in 1910. Friendship Park near St. Clair. After Dr. John W. Northrip, professor of Phys­ working on the park grounds and setting ics at Southwest Missouri State Univer­ out plants, members enjoyed a program sity, Springfield, gave the program on and refreshments in the museum. Halley's Comet. Dr. Thomas Sweeney told about Jacob Henry County Historical Society Painter, an early settler and famous gun­ The Society met, April 17, at the Henry smith of Greene County, at the April 24 County Museum in Clinton. Dr. Joy Stev­ meeting. He also displayed a genuine enson, archaeologist at Central Missouri Jacob Painter rifle from his collection of State University, Warrensburg, served Civil War items. as guest speaker. She told about her experiences in studying, recording and Grundy County Historical Society preserving cemeteries in the United The Society's Grundy County Museum States and other countries. After the in Trenton opened on May 10. One of meeting, guests toured the newly built the exhibit attractions included a collec­ area of the museum and noted changes tion of metal and carved fire engines. in various room arrangements and dis­ Members of clubs, organizations and plays. RSVP serve as volunteer hosts at the museum. Committees continue with Harvey J. Higgins Historical Society plans for the celebration of the 10th This new Society, named for the anniversary of the museum this summer. founder of Higginsville in Lafayette The museum is open from 1 to 4 P.M., County, plans to hold quarterly meet­ Wednesday, Saturday, Sunday and holi­ ings. Members held the May 1 meeting days, May through October. at the Municipal Building in Higginsville. Russ Santmyer has charge of compiling William S. Harney Historical Society a series of slide/tape programs from The Society's board of directors an­ information gathered by several histo­ nounced a new chairman of the annual rians. The programs will tell and show celebration and a commitment to making the history of each lot in the original the event a major fund raiser. Evan Sas- town. When available, old photographs man, Society vice president, succeeds will be included in the slides. Ben Brown, who served as chairman for Officers include Bill Goettling, presi­ the first five celebrations. The Society dent, and Hedy A. Combs, secretary. plans to use the money raised to com­ The Society's address is: Harvey J. Hig­ plete the exterior restoration of the gins Historical Society, P.O. Box 468, Harney mansion in Sullivan. Higginsville, MO 64037.

Harrison County Historical Society Historical Association of The Society met at the Bethany Trust Greater Cape Girardeau community room on April 1. Members The Association met on March 10, in made plans for work and general clean­ the Concord Room of Colonial Federal up inside and outside of the Hamilton Savings & Loan, Cape Girardeau. Mrs. house. Other projects include repair and Kenneth Bender gave the program about paint of both porches, work on the brick her attendance at the Stovall family re­ basement walls, installation of sheet rock union in Virginia last summer. and wiring and plastering. The Association's historic home, the 466 Missouri Historical Review

Glenn House and the Carriage House during a reading and discussion series. Craft Shop opened for the 1986 season "Being Ethnic, Becoming American," the on April 1. series began on February 13, at the Plaza Library in Kansas City and continued Historical Society of Maries County until April 24. Participants read five The Society reported that it has be­ novels relating to different ethnic tradi­ come active again and will meet on the tions and met with a local scholar for six third Thursday in January, April, July evenings. Part of a national project, the and October. The latter will be the an­ nual meeting. Membership dues are $2. series was sponsored locally by the So­ The Society plans to open the Old Jail ciety and the Joint Collection, Univer­ Museum in Vienna part-time this sum­ sity of Missouri Western Historical Manu­ mer. Officers of the Society are Jean script Collection, Kansas City and State Asher, president; Paula Meyer, first vice Historical Society of Missouri Manu­ president; Henry Kaiser, second vice scripts. president; Debbie Byrd, secretary; and The Society held its annual meeting Catheryn Giesler, treasurer. Mozelle on March 9, at the Arthur Mag Center in Hutchison and John Viessman have Kansas City. Reports included outstand­ charge of publicity. ing achievements and plans for more active member participation in the Soci­ Historical Society of Polk County ety's activities and projects. Members held their March 27 meeting The 1859 Jail Museum in Indepen­ in the Gold Room in the North Ward dence featured an "Easter Parade" ex­ Museum, Bolivar. Barbara Fox, of Fair hibit during March and April. Items in Play, gave the program and demon­ the display included hats and accessories strated the techniques used in restoration from 1840 through 1960. On April 18 of old dolls. Ann Davis displayed some of her dolls that the speaker had re­ and 19, the museum held its annual flea stored. market on the corner of Main Street and Maple Avenue in Independence. All pro­ Iron County Historical Society ceeds benefited the 1859 Jail Museum. On April 20, the Society held its 12th April events at the Wornall House Mu­ annual meeting at the Arcadia Valley seum in Kansas City included a workshop United Methodist Church, Ironton. Lynn on planning an herb garden, April 19, Morrow spoke on "Dreaming Dreams in and the annual herb sale on April 26. the Arcadia Valley: The Search for a Useable Future." After contrasting failed Jasper County Historical Society visions with those that materialized, he The Society met at the First United focused on individuals from the Berry- Methodist Church in Carl Junction on man and Russell families. The program March 9. Gary Roney, a teacher in Jop­ closed with some old photographs of lin, discussed preparation of his book, general interest to the Society. Officers Summerstory, a history of Carl Junction elected were Jim Finley, president; Mrs. with many historic pictures. Mr. Roney's Elizabeth Holloman, vice president; Dr. Lauretta Walker, secretary; and Mrs. parents also attended and added some Marietta Killen, treasurer. interesting anecdotes.

Jackson County Historical Society Jennings Historical Society In celebration of the Statue of Liberty Over 60 people attended a slide pres­ centennial, Jackson County and Kansas entation, March 2, at the Jennings Civic City area residents had an opportunity Center. The show featured people, to examine ethnic heritage in America places and things from Jennings past. Historical Notes and Comments 467

Ruth and Joe Hubenschmidt presented O. Hendrickson gave a presentation on a slide show on Hawaii at the May 13 "A Treasure in our Midst," the Western meeting. Historical Manuscript Collection. Dr. Society projects include collecting in­ Hendrickson, a Posse member, serves as formation, pictures and histories of all associate director at Kansas City of the the old churches in the area. The pictures Joint Collection, University of Missouri will be copied on slides and added to Western Historical Manuscript Collec­ the collection. Plumbing has been in­ tion-State Historical Society of Missouri stalled and bids sought for a new roof Manuscripts. on the Old School House Museum. Mem­ The April 8 meeting featured a program bers plan to accomplish painting and by David Dary, a local member and cleaning in the near future. president of Westerners International. A professor of Journalism at the Univer­ Joplin Historical Society sity of Kansas, Lawrence, he excerpted On February 16, the Society presented portions of his new book, Entrepreneurs a collectibles show at the Dorothea of the Old West. Hoover Museum, Joplin. Items on dis­ play from private collections included Kingdom of Callaway Historical Society antique fans and boxes, thimbles, rose Officers of the Society for 1986 are bowls, paper dolls, Chinese artifacts and Dolores Tucker, president; Cary Augus­ Civil War artifacts, seals, elephants and tine, vice president; Warren Welsh, sec­ soapstone. ond vice president; Lori Harris, secre­ The Society reported that the museum tary; and John C. Harris, Jr., treasurer. had benefited from an intern for a semes­ Members met for the March 17 meet­ ter of service. David Dixon, a Missouri ing at the Fulton Community Center. Southern State College student, received Dr. Griffin A. Hamlin gave a slide pres­ 3 hours credit for his work. entation and related the story of the Several hundred guests shared birthday sinking of the Saluda, a Missouri River cake, punch and coffee at the Society's steamboat. celebration of Joplin's 113th birthday on A wild game supper and a program March 23, at the Dorothea B. Hoover by Shea Gentzsch highlighted the April Museum. Highlighting the number 13, 26 meeting at the Millersburg Lions Club. Dr. William Roehling, Jack Burress, The program featured coal mining in Bruce Quisenberry and Vernon Sigars Callaway County, its importance as an entertained with stories of superstitions. energy source and the jobs it provided. Recordings of guests, sharing their knowledge about superstititions, were Kirkwood Historical Society made to be filed in the archives. During Officers of the Society are Harrison a televised highlight of the event, Susan Howe, president; Carol Miller, vice presi­ Satterlee, president of the school board, dent; Mildred Carr, secretary; and presented the Rex Plumbum award to Thomas Merle, treasurer. Bruce Quisenberry. The award, named The Society held the March 11 quar­ for the "King of Lead" and a Society terly meeting and a reception for new tradition, recognizes an individual for members at Commerce Bank of Kirk­ civic participation and work for the Soci­ wood. George McCue, former arts and ety and museum. urban design critic for the St. Louis Post- Dispatch, served as guest speaker. His Kansas City Westerners slide presentation featured American com­ The Posse held its March 11 dinner memorative art in public places. meeting at the Homestead Country On April 19, the Society sponsored a Club, Prairie Village, Kansas. Gordon bus tour of St. Louis churches, "Houses 468 Missouri Historical Review of Worship." Gerhard Kramer, well- "You Don't have to be a Millionaire," known restoration architect, guided the benefited the Association and Opera tour. Theatre of St. Louis. The theme reflected The Society announced new hours for a popular song, created, recorded and History House. It is open 1 to 4 P.M., performed by bandleader Russ David Saturday and Sunday. Special tours may for the Lammert Furniture Company in be arranged by calling (314) 965-3831. the early 60s. Russ David and his combo played for dancing at the party, and La Brigade a Renault other entertainment included Opera On February 22 and 23, the group Theatre artists. Frank Popper's produc­ held a winter rendezvous and black tion, "Renaissance of a Dream," had its powder shoot in Old Mines. All partici­ premiere viewing. The show traces the pants wore the clothing style of the 18th rise of Washington Avenue as St. Louis's century, and the French presence of the grand boulevard of commerce and its area was evident. rebirth in the 1980s. In March and April, work progressed on restoration of La Brigade's second Macon County Historical Society log house, "La Maison Polhemus." This The Society held its April 8 meeting house had been moved from a mile at the public library, Macon. Twenty away and reassembled at the site of a persons attended. Members discussed the village being reconstructed in Old progress of research for a forthcoming Mines. volume on Macon County history.

Laclede County Historical Society Mid-Missouri Civil War Round Table Members held the February 24 meet­ Dr. Leslie Anders of Central Missouri ing at the Wyota Inn, Lebanon. Judge State University, Warrensburg, spoke at Jim Moore gave a talk on the history the dinner meeting, February 18, at and beginnings of the court system in Veit's Restaurant, Jefferson City, on "Pub­ Laclede County. lic Opinion in Missouri During the Civil A program on the people affected by War." President Phil Gottschalk formed the Trail of Tears march through Mis­ committees to aid efforts on the construc­ souri highlighted the March 24 meeting. tion of a new Boone County museum, to A folk singer performed the ballads of compile a catalog of area Civil War those times. sites, and to support legislative action to Professor Michael Patrick, University preserve Civil War regimental flags and of Missouri-Rolla, presented a program history. on the "orphan trains" at the April 28 The March 25 meeting took place at banquet and meeting. Jefferson Landing, Jefferson City. Roger The Society announced the publication Baker discussed "Weaponry of the Civil of Laclede County Missouri Birth Rec­ War." ords, 1884-1899. The over 80-page vol­ Jim Robertson, acting city editor for ume includes the mother's maiden name, the Columbia Daily Tribune, provided age of both parents and their place of the April 22 program on "Boone County birth. The cost of the book is $7.00, plus in the Civil War," at the lunchroom of $1.00 for postage. It can be ordered the Columbia Tribune. from Dorothy Calton, Route 1 Box 435, Lebanon, MO 65536. Miller County Historical Society The Society held a potluck luncheon Landmarks Association of St. Louis and business meeting at the courthouse The grand opening of the Lammert annex in Tuscumbia on April 13. Newly Building occurred on April 24. The event, elected officers are Ellis Livingston, Historical Notes and Comments 469 president; Ben Rogers, vice president; Monroe County Historical Society Lorena Brown, secretary; and Nathan The Society held its business meeting Calhoon, treasurer. Billie Smith, assistant on February 24, at the courthouse, Paris. archivist of the State Archives in Jeffer­ Donations to the museum included an­ son City, presented a program on that tique light fixtures, family portraits and department's function and accessibility. newspaper clippings. At the archives, genealogists, historians Mrs. Susan Bell presented a slide show and other interested citizens can use cen­ at the March 24 meeting on her trip to sus records, cemetery records, family Europe. and county histories and a complete Mil­ ler County courthouse records collection Morgan County Historical Society dating from 1837. At the February 24 business session in the courtesy room of the Bank of Ver­ Missouri Historical Society sailles, Society members discussed plans On March 13, the Society held the to clean and redecorate the Morgan first of a series of tea lectures in the County Historical Museum. The 28-room, Emerson Auditorium, Jefferson Memo­ former hotel opened to the public on rial Building, in St. Louis. Fran Walrond June 1. The museum will remain open spoke on "Stitched with Love: Christen­ 1 P.M. to 5 P.M. until September 1. ing Dresses of Two Centuries." On March 24, Bob Beckerdite, con­ An exhibition of photographs from tractor of Versailles, showed slides of the collection of The Sporting News, the dilapidated state of the 1889 Morgan "St. Louis' Baseball Hall of Fame Mem­ County Courthouse before recent re­ bers, 1905-1935," opened in the James pairs. Hazelwood Williams Gallery in Jeffer­ Rev. Lester Thornton, pastor of the son Memorial on April 8. Versailles Methodist Church, presented Members of the Society previewed a talk on "The Evolution of Farming in the exhibition, "Fulfilling the American Missouri," at the April 28 meeting. Dream: Jewish Life in St. Louis," on April 18, in the Lionberger Gallery. The Native Sons of Kansas City exhibition celebrates the 150th anniver­ Officers for 1986 are John A. Mura, sary of Jewish life in St. Louis and tells president; Donald L. Erie and Oscar W. the history of Jews in America. The core Thomas, vice presidents; A.J. Cameron, of the photodocumentary had been as­ secretary; Kenton M. Robinson, trea­ sembled as a traveling show sponsored surer; Glen L. Whitaker, historian; and by the Anti-Deflamation League of B'nai Dr. Sterrett S. Titus, historian emeritus. B'rith and the American Jewish Histori­ John G. Neihardt Corral of cal Society. The local Society added 75 the Westerners St. Louis images and religious and per­ The Westerners held their January 9 sonal artifacts. The exhibition opened to meeting at the Holiday Inn West in Co­ the public on April 20, and will be supple­ lumbia. Sue Gerard gave the program mented by a series of related educational on "Nathan Boone, Stood Too Far in the and cultural presentations. Shadow." "Art in the Missouri State Capitol" Moniteau County Historical Society highlighted the February 13 meeting. Retired schoolteacher Margaret Mar- Bob Priddy made the presentation. tine spoke at the March 17 meeting at Hilda Neihardt Petri read from the the High Point Elementary School cafe­ works of her father, John G. Neihardt, teria. Her discussion centered on the at the March 13 meeting. history of High Point. On April 10, Beverly Baker, chief of 470 Missouri Historical Review the Northern Cherokee, gave a talk. She future. The nearby Noad Boyer cabin- discussed "History and Culture of the museum also opened to visitors. Mem­ Northern Cherokee." bers and others enjoyed a bouillon party Members bring items pertaining to and fiddle music after the open house. western history for a show-and-tell fea­ Society genealogists continue to col­ ture at each meeting. lect and add records, and cataloguing Officers of the Corral are Tony Lampe, the archival material has begun. The sheriff; Charles Bell, under-sheriff; Jack Society plans to open the Archive Build­ Pickard and Dan Adams, deputy sher­ ing, weekly, for visitors and researchers iffs; Glennis Elder, registrar of marks in the future. In the meantime, questions and brands; Sue Popper, keeper of the or requests can be mailed to the Society chips; Bob and Dorothy Benson, chuck at Box 552 A, Rt. 1, Cadet-Old Mines, wranglers; Kate King, exhibits wrangler; MO 63630. Hilda Petri, judge; Dale Graham, daguer­ reotype wrangler; Harry Robinson, his­ Old Trails Historical Society torian; and John Funk, tallyman. The Society held its February 19 meet­ ing at Washington First Federal in Ball- Newton County Historical Society win. Vic Reinke, "Mr. Ellisville," spoke Officers are Juanita Lamoreaux, presi­ on the history of Ellisville and its parks. dent; Sybil Jobe, vice president; Lottie The Society reported two new honorary Hinegardner, secretary; and Mary Ellen life members, Charles Fischer and Dennison, treasurer. Werner Burkemper. Members held the March 9 meeting at The April 16 meeting featured a pro­ the Methodist Church in Neosho. Larry gram on "Down by the Station," from James, chairman of the library commit­ the National Museum of Transport. tee, showed a video tape made from an The Society sponsored a yard sale, old 1939 movie. Bakers Studio had given April 30, at the Bacon Log Cabin in the film which included businesses, Manchester. churches, schools, a pep asssembly and Osage County Historical Society other scenes around Neosho. Seventy-eight Society members and O'Fallon Historical Society other interested individuals attended the On March 3, the Society met for the April 3 meeting at the old School House, quarterly meeting and covered-dish din­ Bonnots Mill, a French settlement near ner at the Log Cabin in O'Fallon. Raleigh the Osage River. Before the business Jessup gave a report on the Missouri meeting, participants toured the old St. lottery. Members made plans for the Louis Catholic Church, the Bonnots Mill July 4 festival at the park. Methodist Church and the Dauphine Hotel and dined at Krautman's Korner Old Mines Area Historical Society restaurant. Jim Denny, chief of Survey The Society held an informal open and Registration, Division of Parks, Rec­ house, April 20, in the Archive Building, reation and Historical Preservation in Fertile. A painting of the Blessed Virgin Mary highlighted the displays of arti­ Jefferson City, presented a slide show facts, books, publications and miscel­ on the "French Connection" in Missouri laneous items. The King of France had architecture. Hallie Mantle, Osage Coun­ sent the painting to the new St. Joachim ty historian, spoke on French settlers Church in Old Mines in the 1820s, and it and their contribution to early county hung over the altar until 1920. Although history. Kathy Flippo displayed pictures the painting is damaged, the Society of the cemeteries she had recorded for plans to store it and display it in the use at the museum library in Linn. Historical Notes and Comments 471

Palmyra Heritage Seekers Pike County Historical Society Mr. and Mrs. Warren Head hosted the The Society held its April 8 dinner March 17 meeting at their home in Pal­ meeting at the Community Center in myra. Dr. Tom Lemons, chairman of Bowling Green. Sixty-four members and the tourism committee of the Palmyra guests attended. George Bailey spoke on Chamber of Commerce, discussed the "Education in Pike County." A commit­ proposal for using the Gardner House as tee collecting information on schools in a visitors information center. The project Pike County would appreciate any in­ would be a joint venture of the Cham­ formation, pictures, or tapes relating to ber, City of Palmyra and Heritage Seek­ rural, town, and private schools and col­ ers. He recommended the center operate leges. Please mail historical accounts to seven days a week, Memorial Day to Mrs. Ann Mackey, Rt. #1, Box 153, Labor Day, with volunteer staff. Warren Clarksville, MO 63336. Head introduced a video tape, "This is Platte County Historical Society Palmyra." Sponsored by the Palmyra In­ dustrial Development Authority, the Officers for 1986-1987 are Frances Hornbuckle, president; Norma Sturtridge, locally produced program promotes the Marty Pope and Ida Cox, vice presi­ Palmyra area. dents; Betty Soper, executive secretary; The group met on April 21, at the Genrose Welsh, recording secretary; Eva Gardner House, Palmyra. Members re­ Holmes, corresponding secretary; Walter viewed area newspaper coverage on the Dowd, treasurer; and Maxine Davis, as­ proposed visitors center at Gardner sistant treasurer. House. To show support for the pro­ The Society reported that the library posal, a preliminary volunteer roster was room on the basement level of the Ben available for signing. Hurley and Roberta Ferrel Platte County Museum, Platte City, Hagood, authors of Hannibal, Too, a is open for visitors. Hours are 1 to 4 P.M., forthcoming book relating stories on Tuesday and Saturday. Fran Bohachick the early history of Marion County, were serves as librarian. The library contains special guests. Mr. Hagood presented material on Platte County for historical the program on formation of Marion and/or family genealogy research. College at Philadelphia, the founding and promotion of Marion City and Col. Pony Express Historical Association William Muldrow, the dynamic force On February 9, the Association held behind both ventures. the membership meeting at Patee House Museum, St. Joseph. Frank Popplewell Pemiscot County Historical Society gave a program on chautauquas, the Harold S. Jones presented the pro­ traveling summer cultural programs in gram at the February 28 meeting at the late 1800s and early 1900s. Colonial Savings and Loan Association, The March 9 meeting featured auto- Caruthersville. He related the history of harp and dulcimer music by Nancy the school district in Pemiscot County. Davis and Myrna Schroeder of Savan­ The March 28 meeting featured a pro­ nah. gram on "Voting Through The Years." The Association surpassed its annual John Alford gave the program. membership goal of 400 this spring. When Patee House Museum opened for Perry County Historical Society the spring season on April 5, visitors The Society held its April 26 dinner paid an admission charge for the first meeting at Twin Halls, Perryville. Tex time in its history. The board voted to Yokum, guest speaker, focused on the charge $1 for adults, 50

Schuyler County Historical Society Smoky Hill Railway Some 40 members and friends of the and Historical Society Society gathered at the rural schoolhouse Members held their February 14 meet­ on the museum grounds in Lancaster for ing at the House of Lloyd Building in the April 13 meeting. Connie Hoffman, Grandview. The program featured two Schuyler County librarian, arranged the movies from Video Rails about the 6900 program. It featured the film, The Dream Centennials and the 3985 Challenger on Spinner—A Saga of the Germans in Mis­ the big-screen television. souri. The producer of the film, Dr. On March 8 and 9, the Society set up James Paulding, of Northeast Missouri the gift shop and a booth at the Great State University, Kirksville, commented American Train Show in the Exhibition on the purpose of the film. Members Hall of Municipal Auditorium in Kansas learned that the April 3 soup supper had City. Besides selling merchandise and raised over $500 for the Society's ex­ books, the booth had information about penses. the Society's efforts and plans. 474 Missouri Historical Review

Tom Carr presented the program at Texas County Genealogical the March 14 meeting, at the Farmland and Historical Society Industries Auditorium, North Kansas Members brought genealogical items City. He showed movies of recent Am- for the show-and-tell program at the trak trips to New Orleans. February 28 meeting in the Senior Citi­ The Society met on April 11, at Capi­ zens Center, Houston. tol Federal, 75th and State Line, Kansas The March 28 meeting featured Mrs. City. Tom Moriarty, of Omaha, Ne­ Elizabeth Cox. She gave a program on "How Good An Ancestor are You?" and braska, presented a video tape of the emphasized keeping records and stories 1986 snow train at North Freedom, Wis­ for future generations. consin, and films of action on the Rock Don Vincent, of Tacoma, Washington, Island's Des Moines Division in western spoke to the Society at a special meeting Iowa in the 1960s. on April 9. His topic, "Sharing the Past" Sons and Daughters of the covered Texas and surrounding counties. Blue and Gray Civil War Round Table Union Cemetery Historical Society Twenty members and guests attended Members held the March 29 meeting the February 16 meeting in the Com­ at the Loose Park Garden Center, Kansas munity Room of the American Bank in City. Nancy Russell presented her slides Maryville. Morris Walton, of Savannah, of Union Cemetery and related informa­ gave a program entitled, "Pallbearers of tion about the early settlers of Westport the Confederacy?" It related to the and Kansas City. careers of General Braxton Bragg and On April 26, after a business meeting, Lt. General John Bell Hood. members traveled to the cemetery. There The March 16 meeting featured a pro­ they assisted Bill Wiegers in locating the gram by the group's president, Tom 300 marked military graves. Lawing. He discussed the life and mili­ Vernon County Historical Society tary leadership of JO Shelby. During 1985, attendance at the Bush­ James Curram presented a talk on whacker Museum, Nevada, totaled 2,280. "Hints on Collecting Civil War Mem­ The Society's board named Glessie orabilia" at the April 20 meeting. He has Ewing as assistant to Betty Sterett, his­ been an avid collector for quite some torian and associate editor of the news­ time and shared tips on the hobby. letter.

South East Missouri Warren County Historical Society Civil War Round Table The Society museum and historical The Round Table has reorganized to library opened April 19. Located at the encourage membership involvement in corner of Walton and Market streets in programs. Instead of regular officers, a Warrenton, the museum's hours are moderator and six assistant moderators 10:00 A.M. to 4:30 P.M., Saturdays and will lead discussions on specific topics. 1:00 P.M. to 4:30 P.M., Sundays. Ruth Becker serves as curator. The April 3 meeting at the Ozark Regional Library in Ironton featured a Washington Historical Society program by Holly Turner of Potosi. She The Society's museum reopened on demonstrated spinning on an authentic March 1 and resumed its regular schedule Civil War era, Saxony spinning wheel. of 1 to 4 P.M., Friday, Saturday and Sun­ She also displayed different yarn and day. Special appointments for other dyes and utensils and typical dress of a times can be arranged by calling (314) woman of Civil War times. 239-2715. In conjunction with Franklin Historical Notes and Comments 475

County Mercantile Bank, the museum Six professors of Northwest Missouri continued to sponsor a series of art ex­ State University, Maryville, are present­ hibits. Spring showings featured respec­ ing a five-part series on "The Rush To­ tively: Missouri's historic architecture, ward Technology." The series is free March; Charles Russell, April; and early and open to the public. On April 13, at American portraits, May. Another exhibit the Weston Methodist Church, Dr. Car­ in March featured the German heritage rol Fry gave the first presentation on in Missouri and coincided with a class "Chautauqua Northwest." Chautauquas on the subject at Four Rivers Area Voca­ were a popular form of traveling enter­ tional School in Washington. tainment at the turn of the century. Wayne County Historical Society Westport Historical Society Members held the March 18 meeting Members held their February 21 quar­ at the Greenville Elementary School. Dr. terly dinner meeting at St. Paul's Episco­ James W. Goodrich, director of the State pal Church in Kansas City. The program Historical Society of Missouri, Colum­ featured a slide and music presentation bia, served as guest speaker. He spoke on the historic Folly Theater. on the benefits and responsibilities of Officers of the Society for 1986 are local historical societies in their role in Flossie B. Parsons, president; Ben Van preserving local history. Projects of the Del, Lou Brosnahan and Lydia Davin, local Society include publication of a vice presidents; M. Joan Huse, corre­ newsletter and providing old photo­ sponding secretary; Carol J. Marley, re­ graphs for a weekly series in the Wayne cording secretary; Beverly Shaw, trea­ County Journal Banner. surer; Fred L. Lee, historian; and Lianna Webster Groves Historical Society E. Trumble, editor of publications. On March 5, a prevue of a quilt show On April 19-20, the Society sponsored occurred at the Hawken House in Web­ a bus tour to Eureka Springs, Arkansas. ster Groves. During the event, the Web­ At Pea Ridge National Military Park par­ ster Groves Historic Preservation Com­ ticipants visited the restored Elkhorn mission presented a landmark plaque to Tavern and viewed a narrated film of the house. The quilt show continued the Civil War battle. A park historian until summer. The Hawken House is gave a guided bus tour of the battle­ open to the public on Thursday, Satur­ field. Upon arrival in Eureka Springs, a day and Sunday afternoons and at other reception greeted the guests at the Basin times by appointment. Interested per­ Park Hotel, one of the most historic sons may call (314) 968-1857 for further hotels in the Ozarks. Before departure information. Henrietta Ambrose serves on Sunday, guests toured Spring Street, as the new chair of the Hawken House the heart of the town's historic district, Associates, the group responsible for sup­ and Rosalie House, built by J.W. Hill, a plying tour guides and scheduling spe­ prominent Eureka Springs businessman. cial tours. On the journey home, the bus stopped The Society held its March 6 member­ at Inspiration Point for a panoramic view ship meeting at the Monday Club in of the Ozarks White River Valley. Webster Groves. Jean Piper of the Camp­ White River Valley Historical Society bell House Foundation told about and The Society held its winter meeting exhibited Veiled Prophet Fair collecti­ on March 9, at the Friendship House of bles. The School of Ozarks, Point Lookout. Weston Historical Museum Dr. Don Holliday, professor of English The museum reopened for its 26th at Southwest Missouri State University, year on March 15. It is open to the Springfield, gave the program on "Auto­ public without charge from 1:00 P.M. to biography of an American Family," 4:00 P.M., Tuesdays through Saturdays and about four generations in the White 1:30 P.M. to 5:00 P.M., Sundays. River Valley. 476 Missouri Historical Review

GIFTS Mrs. Muriel E. Akers, Caledonia, donor: Four black and white and 10 color postcards of Caledonia and the Bellevue Valley. E*

Charles Annegan, San Marcos, California, donor: Mounted black and white photograph of a train wreck, near Collins, Mo., circa 1900. E

Jack H. Armstrong, San Diego, California, donor: Data on the Branch family. R

Bank of Kimberling City, donor, through Wendy Carpenter, Kimberling City: "The Bank of Kimberling City Collection," calendars 1979-1984, 1986, featuring Ozarks scenes. R

Bosworth History Committee, Bosworth, donor: Bosworth History. R

Mrs. Virginia Botts, Columbia, donor: Material relating to Columbia and Missouri businesses, colleges and organiza­ tions. R

James R. Brown, Columbia, donor: Publications relating to Sanborn Field, University of Missouri-Columbia. R

Cass County Historical Society, Harrisonville, donor, through Anita K. East: Cass (Van Buren) County, Missouri, Marriage Records, 1836-1881, 2 vols, and Burial Sites 6- Cemeteries of Polk Township, Cass County, Missouri. R

Richard Catlett, Maureen Gerrity-Wheeler and Rita Nicholson, for Everyday People, Inc., Columbia, donor: Everday People Records. M

Florence Catlin, Columbia, donor: Over 30 photographs relating to Belton Air Force Appreciation Days, E; Belton Star-Herald, 34 issues, 1952-1965, N; and Belton Christian Church, 1971 Pictorial Directory. R

Cole Camp Area Historical Society, donor, through Roy Donnell, Cole Camp: Index to Obituaries Found in the Cole Camp Courier, 1897-1985 and Index to Weddings Found in the Cole Camp Courier, 1897-1985. N Albert G. Cooper, deceased, Columbia, donor: Photographs, chiefly of Berenice Morrison-Fuller with related views and Morrison Observatory, E; Albert G. Cooper Collection, genealogy and cor­ respondence for Cooper, Avery and Van Pelt families, M; misc. booklets, periodicals and other publications relating to Missouri. R

*These letters indicate where materials are filed at Society headquarters: E refers to Editorial Office; M, Manuscripts; R, Reference Library; RFC, Reference Fitzgerald Collection; N, Newspaper Library; B, Bay Room; and A, Art Room. Historical Notes and Comments All

Mrs. Joe S. Cunningham, Columbia, donor: Publications of Daughters of the American Colonists, National Society and Missouri Society. R

Bertha M. Williams Daarud, Columbus, Ohio, donor: "The Ozark Farmer's Daughter; How I Came To Be Me," by donor. R

Daughters of the American Revolution, Hannah Hull Chapter, donor, through Mrs. Harold Harwood, Brookfield: "Thome Funeral Home Records, 1928-1948, Laclede, Linn County, Missouri," compiled by Willo Wanda Haney Harwood. R

Mrs. Clyde Dewitt, Lea wood, Kansas, donor: "The Home of Carl Betz and Louise Wittig Betz and Their Children," by Annette Betz. R

Billy J. Evans, Nevada, donor: "The Evans Family; Alexander and Wilma Evans," by Billy Joel Evans, Sr. R Dr. James W. Goodrich, Columbia, donor: "Missouri Basketball Media Guide, 1984-85," and "Missouri Municipal Officials, 1980-81." R

Charles Jefferson Griffith, Agoura, California, donor: A Dysart Lineage, Seven Generations, compiled by donor. R

Russell G. Griffitts, Columbia, donor: Tax receipts, Karl W. Tempel, Boonville, Cooper County and Missouri, 1956-1962. R Jean Tyree Hamilton, Marshall, for Mrs. Irvin Aulgur, Jr., donor: E.M. Wright Dry Goods Store, Marshall, Missouri, Records, 1899-1948. M T.M. Hamilton, Miami, donor: Typescript, "The Man Who Escaped from the Lynching Gang," by I.G. Dyer. R

Mary J. Matthews Happy, New York, New York, donor: Photograph and slides with listing of works by Miller, Opel and Torbitt, architects. E Vlasta Hinshaw, for United Methodist Women of the Missouri United Methodist Church, Columbia, donor: United Methodist Women of the Missouri United Methodist Church, Colum­ bia, Records. M Kansas City Royals, Kansas City, donor: Official Program World Series 1985. R Howard C. Litton, Festus, donor: Transcriptions of writings by Eliza Frizzell, 1860s, items relating to De Soto and Festus. R Mrs. Edna Hazel McCullough Lowery, Falls Church, Virginia, donor: "Bilyeu Research Material," from files of donor and Davis Data, Vols. 1-7, compiled by donor. R 478 Missouri Historical Review

Robert G. Lowry, Aurora, donor: Footprints: The Life Stories of Robert Graham Lowry and Susan Louise Thurman . . . 1620-1985, compiled by donor. R

Linda Lyle, Columbia, donor: Photographs of Johnny Haden, C.A. Haden, Drury Graduation Class, 1880, and Abraham Lincoln Memorial Card, loaned for copying. E

Robert H. and Twilah McFarland, Rolla, donors: McFarland Collections, compiled by donors. R

Forrest Meadows, Bethany, donor: Material on the Wyant family, compiled by William Walter Wyant. R

Patricia A. Mitchell, Columbus, Ohio, donor: Dysart and Variants . . . , by Dorsey W. Dysart. R Mrs. Ruby M. Mouser, San Jose, California, donor: Mouser family history material. R Mrs. William G. Murdick, Farmington, for Daughters of the American Colonists, John Forster Chapter and Daughters of the American Revolution, Sarah Barton Murphy Chapter, donors: "Cemetery Records, St. Francois County, Missouri," copied by Mrs. William G. Murdick. R Mrs. Virginia Nichols, Columbia, donor: Publications, Missouri State Society of National Society United States Daughters of 1812. R

Cheryl Oberhaus, Vandalia, donor: "Rock Hill Cemetery, Rush Hill, Missouri," loaned for copying. R

Mary Elizabeth Nelson Owen, Lebanon, donor: Mounted photographs of the Missouri State Fair. M

Barbara and James Painter, Jefferson City, donors: Scrutchfield: A Family History—North Carolina, Tennessee, Missouri, com­ piled by donors. R Walter L. Pfeffer II, Columbia, donor: Items relating to the Jefferson Club, University of Missouri-Columbia. R R.L. Polk & Co., Kansas City, donor: City directories for Branson-Hollister-Forsyth, 1978, Blue Springs and Wash­ ington, 1983, Monett and Poplar Bluff, 1984, and Springfield, 1985. R Presbytery of Missouri Union, donor, through J. Joseph Trower, Jefferson City: Minutes of Stated Meeting, 1984 and 1985. R

Fredric D. Redeker, Jefferson City, donor: Fredric D. Redeker Collection. M

Alice Richardson, Kansas City, Kansas, donor: "Baker Family History," and "Murray Family History," both compiled by donor. R Historical Notes and Comments 479

Dr. Edwin Smith, Cape Girardeau, donor, through Dr. and Mrs. A.E. Schroeder, Columbia: Grass-Root Sculptors in Missouri: A Photographic Essay, compiled by donor. R Dr. William Stephenson, Columbia, donor: Program, testimonial dinner for Edward E. Wall, 1926, R; black and white photograph of groundbreaking ceremonies, Neff Hall, University of Missouri- Columbia. E Gaylord Strange, Eldon, donor: 1850 ir 1860 Census Miller County, Missouri, 1870 Census Miller County, Missouri, 1880 Census Miller County, Missouri, N; Marriages Miller County, Missouri, Book D and Book E, all copied and printed by donor. R

Elizabeth Suits, Columbia, donor: "Rosa Pearle's Paper: A Genteel Rebel," research paper by donor. N Fay Coleen Swyers, Warrenton, donor: Directories and other items on Warrenton, Mo. R Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth Tisdel, Columbia, donors: Material relating to Butterfield Youth Services, Boone County and St. Louis. R Thomas M. Todd, Junction City, Kansas, donor: Behold the Ancestors, compiled by donor. R

Alice H. Turley, Blackwater, donor: 1837 letter by David Barton and Democratic Central Committee, Cooper County, Missouri, Records. M Harold Vogel, Sedalia, donor: Roots of Hickory: A Murphy-Pitts Narrative Family History, by donor. R Charles H. Walden, Columbia, donor: Material on Hallsville. R Henry J. Waters III, Columbia, donor: Over 50 copy photographs of prominent citizens of early Columbia. E

Warren D. Welliver, Columbia, donor: History of the Academy, by donor. R

Jesse James Burglar

Pony Express Mail, December, 1983. "Jesse James Burglar Sentenced to Penitentiary"—One burglar was sentenced to 3 years in the penitentiary, and another goes before Judge Frank Connett next week for the Aug. 22 burglary of the Jesse James Home. A replica of the gun that killed Jesse was stolen, but police recovered it minutes later when four suspects were caught. Two men are still waiting trial. 480 Missouri Historical Review

MISSOURI HISTORY IN NEWSPAPERS Adrian Journal April 10, 1986—"Bates County, Missouri, The Border War becomes the Civil War [a calendar of events]," compiled by H. Sonny Wells.

Belle Banner February 19, 1986—"A Mean Crossing Local Man [Ilde Ewers] Recalls The Good And Bad Of Vienna's Swinging Bridge [over Maries River]."

Boonville Daily News February 19, 26, March 5, 12, 19, 26, April 2, 9, 16, 23, 1986—"Remembrances From the Friends of Historic Boonville," a series, featured historic sites, old photos and personalities of the area.

Boonville Penny Post April 16, 1986—An early 1880s view of the first permanent location of the Kemper Family School.

Bowling Green Times February 19, March 19, April 2, 1986—"Pike County Memories," a series, featured old area photographs.

Branson Beacon February 20,1986—" '86 Progress Edition" featured several historical articles. March 13—"[Taney County] Schoolhouses served as community buildings, churches Former Superintendent [Emmett Adams] marks school history," by Linda Isaacs.

Branson Beacon-Leader March 11,1986—Photographs of tornado destruction at Melva, Mo. in 1920.

Brunswick Brunswicker March 20, April 24,1986—Photographs of Brunswick in 1872 and 1876.

Butler Bates County News-Headliner April 17,1986—"Dr. [Elliot] Pyle residence before and after."

C anton Press-Ne ws Journal February 6, 27, March 13, 27, April 17, 24, 1986—"Yesteryear's Pictures," a series. February 27—"St. Patrick [Mo.] preparing for 50th celebration [of the sham­ rock cachet stamp for mail]."

Cape Girardeau Southeast Missourian February 23, 1986—"100 Years Ago: Steamboats and newspapers in plentiful supply around Cape [Girardeau]." March 30—"Writer [G.D. Fronabarger] records city's progress [since 1927]." April 4—"[St. Vincent de Paul Catholic] Parish to mark 150th year."

Carrollton Daily Democrat February 7, 21, 28, March 7,14, 21, 28, April 25,1986—Old area photographs. Historical Notes and Comments 481

Carthage Press February 4, 1986—"Evidence Of Another Civil War Victim [Fernando A. Harrington] In The Area Is Found," by Marvin L. VanGilder. February 18, 19, 20, 21—A four-part series on the Maj. Hampton Lynch Boon family and home in Carthage. March 12—An old photograph of the concession stand at Lakeside Park. March 31—"Carthage Past Helps Future . . . Advancing Through Historic Pres­ ervation." This, and the articles below, by Marvin VanGilder. March 31—"Local Schools Shaped By Unique Past." March 31—"Memorial Hall: Busiest Building In Town." April 2—"[World War I] Artillery Pieces Remind All Of Our Significant Heritage." April 3—"Veterans Groups [American Legion, Veterans of Foreign Wars and Disabled American Veterans] Are Community Leaders." Centralia Fireside Guard March 26,1986—"Centralia's [railroad] depots have colorful history." This, and the article below, by Eileen S. Bennett. March 26—"[Columbia] Spur [on the Northern Missouri Railroad] battle is century old." Chillicothe Constitution-Tribune March 26, April 9, 1986—"Good ole golden rule days [at former Chillicothe Reorganized District 2 rural schools]," by Carolyn Cook Leffler. Clinton Daily Democrat February 7, 26, March 3, 13, April 1, 3, 4, 9, 10, 1986—"Remember When," a series, featured old area photographs. Columbia Daily Tribune February 23, 1986—"Gentle Prisoner of Anatomy [Ella Ewing]," by Eric Johnson. March 2—"The Compleat Chronicler [John Crighton]," by Mark Hirsch. March 13—"[R.P. Christeson] A Noted Collector [of old-time fiddle music]," by Wm. D. Rogers. Columbia Missourian April 30, 1986—"Tales of Daniel Boone's companion [James Davis] make Rambo's exploits look tame," by Tom Ladwig. Dexter Daily Statesman April 7,1986—Photographs of damage from June 1916 tornado near Dexter. Festus Daily News-Democrat March 14, 1986—"Plattin [Mo.] Rattler [train on Mississippi River and Bonne Terre Railroad] still rumbling through George Reid's memory," by Jack Lovelace. Flat River Daily Journal February 26, 1986—"Researcher tells story of area Russians [immigration into St. Francois County about 1900 and the Greek-Catholic and Russian Orthodox churches at Desloge, Mo.]," by Joe Welschmeyer. Fredericktown Democrat-News March 6, 1986—"Current [Madison County] courthouse erected at turn of century," by John Paul Skaggs. 482 Missouri Historical Review

Fulton Sun March 2, 1986—"Bringing [Winston] Churchill to Fulton [in 1946]," by Gary Partney. April 24—"Looking back on a [Fulton Heritage] week of historical events [commemorating 1946 visit of Sir Winston Churchill and President Harry S. Tru­ man]," by Warren Hollrah.

Grant City Times-Tribune March 12,1986—Old photographs of Parnell.

Hannibal Courier-Post February 8, March 1, 8,15, 29, April 5,12,19, 26,1986—Old area photographs. March 15—"[American] Legion observes 67 years." This, and the article below, by Gene Hoenes. April 15—"[Marion County Mutual Loan and Building Association] Celebrating 100 years in banking."

Humansville Star-Leader April 3, 1986—"Many memories [of Birdsong Blacksmith Shop]," from informa­ tion provided by Art Witt. Independence Examiner March 3, 1986—"Famous painting [Order No. 11 by George Caleb Bingham] once hung in [Joseph] Mercer home," by Charles Burke. March 12—"Area woman [Edith Rudicil Sintz] tells story of Halley's [Comet] visit in 1910," by Dorothy Brandt Marra. March 14—"Short Street bears the name of lumberman, RLDS bishop [Ellis Short]," by Frank Haight, Jr. March 17—"Strained glass panes bring magic to [Hughes-Gregg] home," by Charles Burke. April 1—"70th Anniversary April 1, 1916-April 1, 1986 Beards Decorating Center 70 Years and Going Strong." April 14—"Hickman home scene of many weddings," by Charles Burke. April 17—"Big blaze on Square dampens [President Harry S.] Truman's inaugura­ tion day [January 20, 1949]," by Frank Haight, Jr. Ironton Mountain Echo February 12, 19, 26, March 5, 12, April 2, 9,16, 1986—"Focus on Iron County," a series, featured old area photographs. April 30—"Local pioneer [Reagan] family honored," by Rudy Reagan. Jackson Cash-Book Journal April 9,1986—"Old Noce house was Burfordville store." Jefferson City Capital Daily News April 24, 1986—"[Frank P.] Blair keeps Missouri in the union [during Civil War]." Jefferson City Post-Tribune February 19,1986—"Painting shows first Tipton train." March 26—"Mural in Senate chamber depicts famous pioneer [Daniel Boone]." Joplin Globe February 14, March 14, April 4,1986—Old area photographs. Historical Notes and Comments 483

Kansas City Star February 2, 16, 23, March 2, 30, April 6, 13, 20, 27, 1986—A pictorial album, a series by John J. Doohan, featured events and scenes from Kansas City's past. February 20—"Life returns to shell of old Weston [St. George] hotel," by Bill Graham. Kansas City Times February 14, 28, March 14, 28, April 25, 1986—"Postcard from old Kansas City," by Mrs. Sam Ray, featured respectively: Main Street, north from 12th; "Home of Julia A.W. Baker and Her Children"; stone bridge across Dykes Branch; Tea Foyer, Muehlebach Hotel, all in Kansas City; and river scene, Parkville in the distance.

Kennett Daily Dunklin Democrat March 21, 1986—"Ordinances Provide a Unique Look at a Younger Kennett," by Keith Brumley. April 1—"Remembering [a history of Caruth, Mo.] . . . 1936," reprinted. Laurie Highway 5Beacon April 23,1986—"Old Purvis post office building being restored." Lebanon Daily Becord March 26, 1986—"This old house [built by the Cauchois family] . . . over a century in Lebanon," by Jo Woodward. March [?]—Progress Edition, "It was only yesterday . . ." featured many his­ torical articles and photographs. April 23—"Rebuilt [old stone burr] mill, over a century old, 'works great'," by Jo Woodward.

Linn Unterrified Democrat April 9, 1986—"Original [Osage County] courthouse being restored [in Loose Creek]," by Paul Slater. April 30—"When 'Lucky Lindy' [Charles Lindbergh] visited Deer Creek [in 1924]," by Dora Benedict Keilholz. Mansfield Mirror-Republican March 13, 1986—A 1929 photograph of the interior of an insurance and real estate office in Mansfield. Marshall Democrat-News February 3, 4, 5, 6,12,13,14,17,18, 20, 21, 26, 27, 28, March 1, 4, 5,11,13,14, 17,18, 20, 21, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31, April 1, 2, 3, 8, 9,10,11,15,17,18, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29,1986—Old area photographs. Maryville Daily Forum February 12,17, 23, 24, March 29, April 14,1986—Old area photographs. February 17—"Legends of the Talbots," by James William Curram. February 23—"[Isaac Charles] Parker was 'the hanging judge'," by James William Curram. February 24—"Fairfax teacher [Lois Barlow Chambers] showed champion steer in 1920," by Bill Scott, reprinted. March 24, April 19—Old area photographs. March 24—"General [Thomas J.] McQuidy founded Quitman," by James William Curram. 484 Missouri Historical Review

Mexico Ledger March 29, 1986—A 1922 photograph of 4-H Achievement Day in Audrain County.

Monroe City News January 30, 1986—"Monroe City Bank—Its history from 1875 until 1986," compiled by Robert H. Maddox, as told by Juanita Yates.

Neosho Daily News April 4,1986—An old photograph of the Alexander and Son Plow Factory.

Nevada Daily Mail April 17,1986—"The silk craze hit Missouri [in 1838]," by Tom Ladwig. April 23—"An end for [Thomas W. Vandiver] house-[Terpezone]sanitarium- [Ferry] funeral home-apartment." April 24—"Fur traders got best of deal [at rendezvous]," by Tom Ladwig.

Nevada Sunday Herald February 16, 23,1986—Old area photographs. April 20—"Dedication service set . . . [First] Presbyterian Church has stood the test of time," by Glessie Ewing.

New Madrid Weekly Record February 7,1986—"The Oldest Inhabitant [Joseph Michel] & The Early Settle­ ment of New Madrid," reprinted.

Parkville Northland Gazette February 12, 1986—"Looking ahead, Looking back Platte Co. Gazette [news­ paper] 1885," by Nancy Jack. February 12—"Parkville a-bustle in early days, too," by Donna Scherer.

Perryville Perry County Republic February 18, 1986—"Perry County Album" featured a photo of Fishes Store at Lithium after a 1918 cyclone. April 29—An old photograph of the county courthouse.

Piedmont Journal-Banner February 6, 20, 27, March 6, 13, 20, 27, April 3,10,17,1986—"Historical Wayne County," a series, featured old area photographs.

Richland Mirror February 6,1986—"[Denver] Sullens restores 1871 flint stone mill."

Rock Port Atchison County Mail March 13,1986—"Looking Back . . . Early Settlers of Atchison County." March 27—"History of early towns in Atchison and Holt Counties." Rolla Daily News April 17,1986—"An Old-Fashioned Celebration [Edgar Prairie Days, for Edgar Springs 115th birthday]," by Liz Denker. St. Charles Weekend Journal April 13, 1986—"Herculaneum Made Good On Its Shot [towers] For Statewide Recognition," by Liz Irwin. Historical Notes and Comments 485

St. Clair Missourian April 23, 1986—"Gray Summit Offers Interesting Background," by Jerry Warner.

St. James Leader-Journal March 26, 1986—"After 150 years, Hermann decides to forgive its founder [George Bayer]." April 2—"Part 2: Hermann revitalized by restoration of historic buildings." This, and the article above, by Will Rand.

St. Joseph Gazette February 7, March 7,1986—Old area photographs. March 7—"[Bernhard Joseph Witt] Family bakery took much effort," by Marie Witt Sauer.

St. Joseph News-Press/Gazette February 7,1986—1890 photograph of students of old Everett School.

St. Louis Globe-Democrat March 7,1986—" 'Silent city' filled with history, Bellefontaine Cemetery is final home for many of city's great," by Violet Kimball. April 12—"[Pierre Jean] De Smet devoted life to converting Indians." April 12—"[Florissant] Area's past entwined with St. Ferdinand's [Catholic Church]," by Gregory J. Conroy.

St. Louis Neighborhood Journal February 5,1986—"Street Names Changed—Again," by Gail Compton. February 5, 19, March 5, 19—"Now & Then," a series by Skip Gatermann, featured: Broadway reveals history, McKinley Bridge and boasts of South St. Louis. February 12—"Lafayette Park Pursuit A History Of St. Louis Garden's Grandeur," by Ken Walk. March 5—"Recalling A Dashing Young Man [Loren Murchison]," by Harry C. Coates, Sr.

St. Louis North County Journal April 30,1986—An old photograph of the Florissant post office.

St Louis Post-Dispatch February 13, 1986—"Burning Need: Restoration Of Old Firehouses," by John M. McGuire. March 9—"Inaugural [a World War II minesweeper]: Naval History On River­ front [in St. Louis]," by Charlotte Grimes. March 9—"Old Grain [Dawt] Mill Turns Into A Power Plant [in Ozark County]," by Kathryn S. Love.

Sikeston Daily Standard February 10, 1986—"The sinking of the steamer Oceanus [in Mississippi River in 1872]," by Edison Shrum. March 24—"Indian relics now on display [in New Madrid Historical Museum]." April 28—"Charleston man [Van Noisworthy] recalls encounter [with Ernest Pletchinl938]." 486 Missouri Historical Review

Springfield Daily News March 11, 1986—"Webster Co. 'Tightwad' Forkner's Hill residents know town by other name," by Lorraine Kee Montre.

Sweet Springs Herald April 10,1986—"Flash from the Past" featured the Cayton Buggy Factory.

Troy Free Press February 5, 1986—"Old Monroe Business [Schacher's Store] Celebrates 100 Years Of Service," by Rick Kelley, reprinted.

Vienna Maries Gazette-Adviser February 19, 1986—Old photographs of Hotel Maries and the T.A. Felker home, both in Vienna. Warrensburg Daily Star-Journal April 16, 1986—"A Hobby [of Bill Rumsey as a Civil War reenactor] Shot Full Of History," by Carol Mills. Washington Missourian April 30, 1986—"End of the Line for Union's 99-Year Old Train Depot," by Tom Beaver. April 30—"Labadie Was Once a Lively Town; A Look Into Its Past and Future," by Suzanne Hill. Waynes ville Ft. Gateway Guide April 3,1986—"Mo. Hall Of Fame [Jesse James and the inquest and burial after his death]," by Paul J. Hamilton.

Have You Ever Wondered?

Senior Sentinel, October, 1983. "Have You Ever Wondered?" When the Louis and Clark Expedition returned to St. Louis? (1806) When the first Legislature in what is now Missouri met? (1806) When the first act concerning "divorce and alimony" passed the Territorial Legislature? (1807) When the first Missouri newspaper was published? (1808) When the first steamboat to navigate the Mississippi arrived in St. Louis? (1817) When the first steamboat to ascend the Missouri River arrived at Franklin? (1819) When Missouri was admitted to the Union? (1821) When the permanent seat of Missouri Government was established in Jefferson City? (1826) When the Missouri Legislature abolished the whipping post and pillory as criminal punishment? (1826) When the Missouri State penitentiary received its first prisoner? (1836) When the first public school in Missouri was opened? (1838) When the University of Missouri was officially opened? (1841) When the Missouri Pacific Railroad was chartered? (1849) When the first baseball "match game" was held in St. Louis? (1860) When the first pony express rider passed through Missouri? (1860) Historical Notes and Comments 487

MISSOURI HISTORY IN MAGAZINES Bulletin, Johnson County Historical Society, Inc., April, 1986: "The Katy [Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railroad], Sutherland [Mo.] and Me," by Laura Ebersole; "A Pioneer [Ferguson] Cemetery Restored"; "Memories of the 1930's The Depres­ sion Years," by Rowland West; "The Wedding [in 1889] and The Couple [Jennie Lee Cooper and Henry Eugene Fewel]," by Ruth Barber Dudley.

Cherry Diamond, March, 1986: "[Albert] Red Schoendienst: A Dream Come True."

Concordia Historical Institute Quarterly, Winter, 1985: "Adolph John Soldan, 1877- 1971," by Albert T. Bostelmann; "Wittenberg, Missouri 1839-1984," by Edison Shrum.

DeKalb County Heritage, January, 1986: "This Baby Grew Up Served As First President Of DeKalb Co. Historical Society," by Lora Margaret Redman Lockhart; "Autobiography Of Mrs. Amanda Jeffries Bearss," reprinted. , April, 1986: "Round Top [School] Memories," by Earl H. Beckwith; "A Walk Down Yankee Street, Maysville, 1916," by Pearl Crow and Anna Horner; "Autobiography of Mrs. Amanda Jeffries Bearss," reprinted; "[Orlando G.] MacDonald-[Frank A.] Gantz House and Family . . . Stewarts- ville, Missouri."

Disciple, April, 1986: "Surviving to Serve [Longview Chapel, built by R.A. Long near Kansas City]," by Gerald E. Brown.

Florissant Valley Quarterly, April, 1986: "Florissant—a colorful blend of the old with the new, Part 2," by Kathleen M. Morrison; "St. Stanislaus Seminary A History and a Tour," by Sharon Crowley and Tony Stein.

Gateway Heritage, Winter, 1985-1986: "The Doctor's Scrapbook: A collaboration of [Dr. Moses Lewis] Linton and [Father Pierre Jean] De Smet," by Rev. John J. Killoren, S.J.; "The St. Louis Years of Ulysses S. Grant," by Thomas J. Keiser; "Afro-American Cemeteries in St. Louis," by Kathy McKoy; "Visions of the West: Romance and Reality," by Peter Michel.

Gateway Postcard Club News, March/April, 1986: "The St. Louis Views, New McKinley Bridge [1910]," by Skip Gatermann.

Genealogists' Exchange, April, 1986: "Pioneer Genealogies: A Genealogy of Jean Baptiste DeGuire LaRose."

General Baptist Messenger, January-February, 1986: A special issue, "Centennial Year—1986" commemorated the publication's 100th year.

Greene County Historical Bulletin, Volume 49, 1985: "Harry Truman In Greene County," an address by John Hulston.

Greene County Historical Society Bulletin, April, 1986: "Jacob Painter," from material provided by Mrs. Nadine Hunkler.

Iron County Historical Society Newsletter, April, 1986: "Iron County Profiles Hiram N. Tong Co-founder of Ironton," submitted by Helen Tong Cheaney. 488 Missouri Historical Review

Jasper County Missouri Journal, March, 1986: "Eulogy for Andrew Palmer Jackson Janney."

Jewish Hospital 216, March/April, 1986: "[Franz U.] Steinberg: a legacy of prog­ ress," by Sharon E. Zaring.

Journal, Jackson County Historical Society, Winter, 1986: "A look at slavery in Missouri," by Anne Chiarelli; "Historic Notes About Neighborhoods: Kansas City's Country Club District," by Gordon Hendrickson; "Jackson County Historical Society and How It Grew."

Journal of the Historical ir Genealogical Society of Douglas County Missouri, December, 1985: "Douglas County's Only Legal Hanging [of Edward W. Perry in 1897]"; "Arno School Memories," by Ersel (Staley) Clinkingbeard; " 'Play' Ground [at school]," by Claire Lakey and Ersel Clinkingbeard; "The Turners of Arno," by Florence (Silvey) Garrison; "Arno—The Second County Seat"; "Odd Fellows [Arno Lodge No. 343 of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows]," by Glen Dale Hartley; "Modern Woodmen of America [Arno Camp 7045]," by Glen Dale Hartley; "Ozark-Douglas County Pioneers: Jeremiah Coats and Robert Hicks," submitted by Nancie Todd Weber.

Kansas City Genealogist, Winter/Spring, 1985: "Recollections of Old Times in Kansas City from the Journal of Mattie Lykins Bingham"; "Thumbnail Biography," of Ada Campbell Owen; "My Favorite Ancestor: Dr. Archibald Bigbie Spruill," by Grace H. Spruill Cook; "George Caleb Bingham's Contested Election, Saline County, 1846," by Gordon Seyffert; "The Kansas City Police Department A Century of Service"; "David Bogar School & Church Leader Morgan County, Missouri," by Ilene Sims Yarnell.

Keys to Springfield, April, 1986: "Fair Haven Children's Home," by Annabelle Scott Whobrey.

Kirksville Magazine, Fall, 1985: "The First [American] School of Osteopathy Part V—War & Turmoil [1917-1920]," by Georgia Walter.

Laclede County Historical Society Newsletter, Winter, 1986: "Roe, Missouri," by Kirk Pearce.

Landmarks Letter, January/February, 1986: An article on the Benton Park neighbor­ hood in St. Louis; "St. Louis Architects [John Ludwig Wees]: Famous and Not So Famous (part 9)." , March/April, 1986: An article on the Neighborhood Gardens Apartments, first low-rent housing in St. Louis; "St. Louis Architects [William S. Eames]: Famous and Not So Famous (part 10)."

Longview Current, January 30, 1986: "[R.A.] Long's charity a true success," by Michael E. Benson.

Maneater, February 4, 1986: "The Evolution Of a Campus [Francis Quadrangle, University of Missouri-Columbia]," by Karen Samples.

Maryland Historical Magazine, Winter, 1985: "Maryland at the St. Louis World's Fair," by Mary Boccaccio. Historical Notes and Comments 489

Missouri Folklore Society Newsletter, February, 1986: "History of the Missouri Folklore Society," by Rebecca B. Schroeder.

Missouri Highway and Transportation News, February, 1986: "A Tribute to Service [by Dale Carney]," by Sue W. Muck; "Farewell to a Friend [George Satter- lee]," by Sue W. Muck. , March, 1986: "[Kenneth C] Townley Retires," by Sue W. Muck.

Missouri Municipal Review, February, 1986: "Bloomfield lives up to its name— 150th Birthday," by Billie Edwards. , March, 1986: "Sugar Creek community profile," by John C. O'Renick; "Florissant Celebrates 200 Years." April, 1986: "The Rebirth of Cuba, Missouri," by Keith Krulik and Percy Pascoe.

Missouri Press News, April, 1986: "Humansville Paper [Star-Leader] Sold By [Gary and Helen] Sosnieckis"; "New Editor and Publisher Take Over For [Joseph] Pulitzer [Jr. at St. Louis Post-Dispatch]"; "Parkville Paper [former Platte County Gazette renamed Northland Gazette] Marks 100th; Ownership Change An­ nounced," by Nancy Jack.

Missouri Supreme Court Historical Journal, Spring, 1986: "The Ousting of the Judges [William V.N. Bay and John D.S. Dryden in 1865]," by D.A. Divilbiss; "Missouri's First Supreme Court [Mathias McGirk, John Dillard Cook and John Rice Jones]."

Mojuco [Moberly Area Junior College] News, January, 1986: "Memories [on the history of bands at the college]," by Ralph E. Gerhard. , March/April, 1986: "Memories [of Kappa Phi Delta musical fraternity]," by Ralph E. Gerhard.

Muleskinner, April 24, 1986: "[Laura J.] Yeater [Hall] celebrates 45th anniversary [at Central Missouri State University, Warrensburg]," by Calvin L. Caylor.

Museum of the Fur Trade Quarterly, Spring, 1986: "Collection Corner—J. Albright Rifle."

Newsletter of the Phelps County Historical Society, April, 1986: "The Big Fizzle: Newburg's Hopes for a Lead and Zinc Mining Boom, 1909-1912," by Mark Stauter.

Newton County Saga, March, 1986: "[Newton County] Museum"; "Iron Door Cave"; "Pet Milk Company"; "A Civil War Memoir [of Martha Rice Geyer]," from Harold Guthrie Geyer, reprinted.

North Dakota History, Winter, 1986: "Some Medical Aspects of the Lewis and Clark Expedition," by Cindy Fent.

Ozark Happenings Newsletter, January/February, 1986: An article on the old Lundy (Maris) Mill in Texas County; "Benjamin Lundy Maris"; an article on Emmett Leo Kelly. 490 Missouri Historical Review

Ozarks Mountaineer, March-April, 1986: "The Delusive Dogwood," by Steven Foster; "Crane Creek's Caretaker [Dr. Dorothy Leake]," by Marti Attoun; "From Mano to Cassville, to Oklahoma—Third Life For an Old Log Cabin [built by George Stever]"; "Growing Up in the Ozarks [vacations at Ozark Beach]," by Walter E. Wells.

Past Times Saint Charles, Second Quarter, 1985: "The Great Tobacco Era Of Western St. Charles County," by Barb Mittelbuscher and Gerry Matlock; "Civil War Skirmish At Wentzville," by Gerry Matlock; "Civil War Created Divided Loyalties In St. Charles County," by Dennis Babbit; "Washington, Missouri Ferry [Bright Star] Pressed Into Civil War Service"; ". . . Our Indian Pre- History The Peopling of North America," by George A. Feltz; "The St. Charles Pontoon Bridge A Short, Troubled Existence," by Robert G. Schultz. , Third Quarter, 1985: "St. Joseph [Health Center's Centennial," by Harvey Wildt; "History For Sale [home of Dr. John Baptiste Muschany in St. Charles Co.]," by Elaine Kid well; "Our Indian Pre-History The Peopling of North America," by George A. Feltz; "Emmaus Is A 'Home' [for the mentally retarded]"; "Eagle Fork—Olivet Presbyterian Church," by Barb Eisenbath Mittelbuscher. Patrol News, February, 1986: "Sergeant Marvin E. Taylor 'The Best Years Were At Lebanon'."

Pemiscot County Missouri Quarterly, January, 1986: "Josephine VanCleve," by Jessie Markey. Perry County Heritage, Winter, 1986: "Harrington's Cave"; "The Family of Mother Magdalen Hayden"; "Perry County in the Civil War"; "What Exactly Is a Legend [of the Burnt Mill]?" "The Birmingham Road," by Lou Hudson Pellican; "Early History of Perry County," by Peter Dean, reprinted; "Court in Perry County, 1824."

Pioneer Times, January, 1986: "German Ancestry: The Bauer Family," submitted by Steven A. Bauer; "The Courtneys of Clay County, Part II," submitted by Wilrena Calvert Miller; "[William G.] Phelan's Regiment Missouri Confed­ erates," transcribed by Roger Baker; "William Martin Allen," by William Dale Allen; "Will Records [of John Lewis Wersen]"; "Henry Dodge," by Lew Larkin, reprinted. Platte County Missouri Historical ir Genealogical Society Bulletin, Winter, 1986: "Ancient Wonders in Platte County, Relics of the Mound Builders," reprinted. Prairie Gleaner, March, 1986: "Lafayette County, History of Salem Congregation United Church of Christ," reprinted; "Saline County, History and Information Concerning New Prospect Baptist Church, North of Slater, Missouri." Preservation News, February, 1986: "Jazzing up the neighborhood Kansas City's 18th and Vine reawakens to musical beat [at Mutual Musicians Foundation]," by Arnold M. Berke. Ray County Mirror, April, 1986: "The Battle of Knoxville and Other Incidents," by Judge L.S. Magill, reprinted; "Louisa Lillard Remembers Pioneer Days," reprinted; "Interesting Incidents in [Ray County] History Recalled," by Henry White, reprinted. Historical Notes and Comments 491

Resume, Historical Society of Polk County, January, 1986: "County Seat [Bolivar] Began In Rustic Setting."

Rural Missouri, March, 1986: "The day the earth Shook [New Madrid earthquake, 1811-1812]," by Shannon Graham.

St. Louis, February, 1986: "Diversity [University] City," by Cynthia Pappas. , March, 1986: "Inventor of the Year Victor Hermelin is exercising his way into retirement," by Candace O'Connor; "Scrapbook: The [18]'85 World Champions [St. Louis Browns baseball team]," by Jim Rygelski. April, 1986: "Go Johnnie [Johnson] Go Go Go," by Joseph M. Schuster.

St. Louis Bar Journal, Spring, 1986: "Cracking the Great Whiskey Ring," by Keltner W. Locke.

Saint Louis Commerce, April, 1986: "St. Louis [Browns baseball team] won the series in six games [in 1886]," by Jim Rygelski; "Century of Commerce Club to honor 17 new members [St. Louis Science Center, Beehler Steel Products Co., Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, Moolah Temple Shrine, St. Louis Artists' Guild, Equality Savings and Loan, Washington Savings and Loan, Sporting News, South Side Day Nursery and Evangelical Children's Home]."

St. Louis Home Magazine, February, 1986: "Landmarks Association of St. Louis, Inc., Neighborhood Garden Apartments."

School &• Community, Spring, 1986: "The Legend of Bunker Hill [Ranch Resort, established by E.T. Behrens in Shannon County]," by Jill Young Miller.

Scott County Historical Society Newsletter, February, 1986: "Reuben Norman— Early Resident of Scott County, Mo.," by Mitchell D. Norman.

Soulard Mardi Gras '86, February, 1986: "Soulard Market"; "Soulard [neighbor­ hood]^ Distinct Heritage," by Skip Gatermann, reprinted.

Southwest Missourian, Spring, 1986: "She's watched the school grow, At 96, Julia Sullivan could possibly be SMSU [Southwest Missouri State University]'s senior alum," by Don Payton.

Springfield! Magazine, February, 1986: "Springfield's Long Love Affair With Aunt Martha's Pancakes," by Sherlu Walpole; "The Gray-Campbell House Saga, Part Two," by Charles E. Gray; "Doc Cotter's Drugstore: Haven for Young Heathens [in 1920s]," by William J. Moore; "Your Neighbor's Faith, Peacetime Prosperity Revives First [Christian] Church." , March, 1986: "Name Changes Are Old Story for Institu­ tion [Southwest Missouri State University] at 901 South National," by Bob Glazier; "Zenith [Electronics Corp.] Springfield's Embattled Giant," by Judson Howell; "Ralph Slavens," by Laura Scott; "Local Color in the Queen City of the Ozarks-1914, Part One," by William J. Moore; "The Gray-Campbell House Saga, Part Three," by Charles E. Gray; "Your Neighbor's Faith, Top Laity Leads First Christian Church." 492 Missouri Historical Review

, April, 1986: "Your Neighbor's Faith, Christian [Church in Springfield] Organ War [1885-1887]"; "Ivella McWhorter Elsey, First Woman Attorney Ever to Hang Up Her Own Shingle in Springfield," by Sherlu Walpole; "A Springfield Blacksmith Turns Inventor [William James Kerr]," by Shirley Stewart; "Zenith, Springfield's Embattled Giant," by Judson Howell; "Local Color in the Queen City of the Ozarks-1915, Part Two," by William J. Moore.

Stephens, Spring, 1986: "A Stephens [College] Pioneer, Gifts From a Dancer [Harriette Ann Gray]," by Mary Parker Buckles.

Waterways Journal, February 10, 1986: "The McDougall [towboat] Took Oil Barges Down to Ships," by James V. Swift. , March 3, 1986: "Artist Thomas Benton Liked River Subjects," by James V. Swift. _, March 10, 1986: "Barry Dean [towboat] Cornerstone of Rose Barge [Line]," by James V. Swift. Westminster College Report, Spring, 1986: "Family ties The relationship between the [Harry and Bess] Truman family and Westminster spans more than a century," by James H. Williams; "Rhodes Scholars [from Westminster College, Harry Jones, David Maxwell, Michael Duff and Doug Hunt]."

Whistle Stop, Volume 14, Number 1, 1986: "Harry S. Truman's 'Pickwick Papers' 1930-1934," by William E. Pemberton. White River Valley Historical Quarterly, Winter, 1986: "A.S. Layton," furnished by Martha Layton Chambers, contributed by Missy Hunter; "A Trip to Get the Doctor—1906," by Ruth Asher; "Hickory Grove, Missouri, on Crane Creek," by Kristal Robertson; "Descendants of William & Charlotte (Harrison) Harp," compiled by Edna Hazel McCullogh Lowery & Mildred Lander Roden.

Word and Way, April 24, 1986: "Matron Ida Linn provides a firsthand account of MBCH [Missouri Baptist Children's Home] early years," reprinted.

All Hail to "Sandy"

Springfieldian, January, 1924. A mechanical bricklayer has been invented by a Scotchman. Very probably the device sprang full-grown from the heat of his indignation over the performance of the everyday sort of bricklayer. With a mortar tank, a hopper of brick, and a motor, the new machine is said to lay its course of brick, come back, break joints, and even skip the openings. The thing even "tops" each brick to settle it in the mortar. In short, the machine is a very paragon in technique. Besides, it has amazing capacity for work. It makes such speed that three men have all they can do to keep it full of new bricks and fresh mortar. It is described as laying 1,200 to 1,500 bricks an hour or 10,000 a day if it sticks to the ordinary bricklayer's day. Historical Notes and Comments 493

IN MEMORIAM RONALD LEE SOMERVILLE ADAMSON, JASON RAINEY, SR., Van Nuys, Recently retired judge of the Missouri California: September 2,1889-November Court of Appeals Western District and 10,1985. trustee of the State Historical Society of ANDREWS, LEROYG., Chicago, Illinois: Missouri, Ronald Lee Somerville died October 24, 1911-August 2, 1985. April 11, 1986, at Kansas City Research BURKHART, FLOSSIE EDITH, Macon: Feb­ Medical Center. The son of George W. ruary 24,1911-September 26, 1985. and Elsie Somerville, he was born on CAPELL, W. HARRY, Kansas City: July February 1, 1921, in Hopkins, Missouri. 6, 1907-December4, 1985. Graduating in 1939 from Chillicothe FANCLER, MRS. LUCILLE HARRIS, Bunce- High School, Judge Somerville attended ton: February 22, 1910-February 24, Park College in Parkville, and West­ 1985. minster College, Fulton. In 1941, during GONZ, CHARLES H., Cottage Grove, Min­ World War II, he began his U.S. Navy nesota: August 28, 1937-November 3, service as a dive bomber pilot. He re­ 1985. ceived the Navy Cross, Distinguished GREEN, GEORGE A., St. Louis: October Flying Cross, three Air Medals and the 21, 1901-September 12, 1984. Navy's Unit Citation. After the war, he JANNEY, ANDREW J., Carthage: October studied at the University of Missouri- 16, 1912-December 28, 1985. Columbia School of Law and graduated KALLENBERGER, J.J., Kansas City: Sep­ in 1949. tember 1, 1913-January 11, 1985. Judge Somerville practiced law in Chil­ KINGSLEY, THOMAS, Lexington, Ken­ licothe, served five years as Livingston tucky: July 21, 1895-June 13, 1985. County prosecuting attorney and was elected to the state senate in 1964. Gov­ KISSEE, JACK B., Independence: Febru­ ary 3, 1924-March 1, 1986. ernor Christopher Bond appointed him to the Court of Appeals in 1973. He KOEVENIG, MARIAN F., St. Louis: June served as a board member of the Chilli­ 10, 1928-June 27, 1985. cothe Hospital, Grace Episcopal Church LEMASTER, MRS. GERALDINE, Lexington: and Chillicothe State Bank. He was a August 9, 1928-February 6, 1986. member of the American Legion Posts MARTIN, ETHEL M., Springfield: Octo­ 25, 40 and 8, the Grand River Historical ber 29, 1900-February 3, 1986. Society, Missouri and Livingston County RICE, E.L., St. Louis: March 11, 1902- Bar associations and Phi Delta Phi and October 14, 1985. Delta Tau Delta fraternities. SPENCER, JAMES LEWIS, Pasadena, Cali­ Judge Somerville married Kathleen fornia: July 6, 1902-March 7, 1982. Marley on January 27, 1948. She survives STEPHAN, JOHN F., Kansas City: January him as do his mother of Higginsville; 20, 1908-February 20, 1982. three daughers, Kimberly Hughes of Ana­ THAXTON, DR. JOHN Q., Albuquerque, heim Hills, California, Shelley Reed of New Mexico: June 22, 1899-January 13, Breckenridge and Brynell Somerville of 1986. New York City; and one son, Peter M. THOMAS, KENNETH L., Waynesville: Somerville of Rock Port. April 7, 1922-September 27, 1985. TRAINER, JAMES S., Cuba: April 18, 1906-March 29, 1985. 494 Missouri Historical Review BOOK REVIEW

Colonial Ste. Genevieve. By Carl J. Ekberg (Gerald, Missouri: Patrice Press, 1985). 541 pp. Illustrated. Maps. Bibliography. Indexed. $28.95. Carl J. Ekberg's Colonial Ste. Genevieve is an excellent and exciting study of the French settlement of Ste. Genevieve from its beginnings through the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. The impact of this work is considerable as it describes intensively the develop­ ment of this somewhat isolated village, but Ekberg has extended its worth well beyond that. Through looking at the dependencies and interrelationships connecting Ste. Genevieve with the Mississippi Valley, French Canada and New Orleans, he has contributed to our understanding of French settlement in North America. Ste. Genevieve was founded in the 1749-1751 period rather than the 1730s which, until now, has been the generally accepted date. Even at this later date it became the first permanent settle­ ment, other than native American, on the west bank of the Mississippi. Settlers in the early years were French colonists from settle­ ments on the east bank and for the most part had been in North America for several generations. The 1752 census reported 23 persons in Ste. Genevieve. Growth remained slow until 1763 when England took control of Canada and everything east of the Missis­ sippi River. That event motivated many Illinois and Canadian French to cross the river. By the census of 1772, the village population had increased to 691 persons. During the same period, however, St. Louis was founded, grew to a similar size and displaced Ste. Genevieve as the dominant settlement on the west bank. The 1780s and 1790s saw the arrival of some refugees of the French Revolution and an increasing number of settlers from the United States. Also during this period, the people of Old Ste. Historical Notes and Comments 495

Genevieve, close to the Mississippi, wearied of periodic flooding and moved the town to higher ground. In spite of those changes, Ste. Genevieve had reached her population plateau and remained a small village throughout the Colonial period. From the beginning, agriculture proved the economic founda­ tion of the community and its reason for existence. Lead mining, salt making and fur trading all added to prosperity but played a subservient role. Slave labor appeared vital to production and to the village's existence. Large landowners with several slaves became prominent members of the community and its leaders. Social structure was similar to that found in France centuries earlier with considerable attention paid to family, wealth and property. Yet it developed as a more fluid society in which one could rise or fall more rapidly. Everyday life seems to have been much like that in other frontier settlements. Indian problems caused irritation and occa­ sional fear. Famine, although rare, did occur. High infant mortal­ ity, numerous fevers and life without much medical care all added to the tenuous existence. Yet Ste. Genevieve probably remained more stable than most settlements and its people more secure. A large nucleus of families committed themselves to staying and succeeding there. The community also profited from good leader­ ship, especially that of the Valle family. In addition, the Roman Catholic religion encompassed most, and at times all, of the people and lent stability. At times, outside influences threatened the village. Colonial Wars and the American Revolution intensified the Indian problem. The United States' desire to expand and the French Revolution brought intrigue, or at least news of it. Both Spain and the Catholic Church sometimes failed to provide local representatives of qual­ ity. In reality, several of these problems never reached a rather isolated Ste. Genevieve. Residents handled others with patience, creativity and local leadership which negated their impact. Through all these changes, Ste. Genevieve remained remark­ ably stable. That, in fact, seems to be the dominant characteristic of the town during this half century of tremendous change all around it. Ekberg has produced a readable, well-organized work show­ ing meticulous and exhaustive research, excellent breadth and depth and a surprising amount of detail. Possibly more attention could have been paid to the quantita­ tive historical approach. In many cases the reader could profit 496 Missouri Historical Review from seeing the demographic data rather than examples and con­ clusions drawn from it. In other cases, alternate interpretations of the data might be found. Colonial Ste. Genevieve is definitive in many ways and should be the most useful book for years to come. Hopefully it will motivate other more specialized work on various aspects of French settlement in the Mississippi River Valley and Ste. Genevieve. Jefferson College, Hillsboro Rarry Ellis

Doom For The Caboose

Saint Louis Commerce, January, 1985. "Kabuis" is the Dutch word for a ship's galley. Perhaps that explains "caboose" in English. Starting in the 1830s, U.S. railroads housed trainmen in shanties built in boxcars or on flatcars. These evolved into the caboose, a special car on the end of a freight train. In 1863, a cupola was added atop the caboose after a conductor discovered that he could see his train better by standing on boxes and watching through a hole in the car's roof. Conductors took pride in their cabooses, despite such derogatory nicknames a crummy, doghouse, bonebreaker, snake wagon, or hearse. Faster trains made cooking aboard unnecessary. Air brakes, friction bearings, electronic hotbox detectors and computers, and labor agreements ending the need for sleeping quarters all spelled doom for the caboose. Cabooses are required now in only four states: Nebraska, Montana, Oregon and Virginia.

Beach Blanket Toads

All Outdoors Weekly News Stories, October, 1985. ST. JOSEPH—Next thing you know, they'll be wanting sunglasses and beach towels. Larry Yowell, staff specialist for the Conservation Department in northwest Missouri, is used to fielding calls from people with unusual problems, so he was the right man when a woman called about parched toads. "Our dry summer was to blame," he says. "This lady had found several toads in her driveway that, in her words, were 'extremely parched.' " The lady had solved that situation by taking the toads around her house to a shady water spiggot where they were, as Yowell says, "hanging around and enjoying their pool." But the woman's problem was she thought they weren't getting enough to eat. Not even slowed down, Yowell immediately recommended the lady use an exten­ sion cord and string a trouble light at the side of the house, on the spiggot. "I assured her that not only would those toads get plenty of night bugs, they might be troubled by obesity." Historical Notes and Comments 497

BOOK NOTES St. Joseph Sesquicentennial, 1835-1985, Westphalia, Mo. Mary Ann Crede Klebba, editor-in-chief (Westphalia Historical Society, 1985). 272 pp. Illustrated. Maps. Not indexed. $15.00. This hardback volume presents the 150-year history of St. Joseph Parish in Central Missouri. In 1835, a colony of educated Westphalian Catholics traveled up the Osage River and settled along the Big Maries River. The area reminded them of their home in Westphalia, Germany, so they named the settlement, "New Westphalia." Jesuit missionaries regularly visited the Catholic com­ munities along the Missouri River in that region. Father Christian Hoecken celebrated the first mass on the banks of the Maries River, August 6, 1835. Three years later, the church formed a mission of 13 counties in Mid-Missouri, with a resident priest located in Westphalia. The history features the church and pastors, the School Sisters of Notre Dame, stained glass windows of the church, reminis­ cences of the Westphalia communities, Father Helias's census of 1839, businesses now and then, organizations and family histories. It also lists native sons and daughters religious vocations, post­ masters 1848-1983, and parish members of May 1, 1985. Several pages of advertising helped finance the publication. The book may be ordered for $15.00, plus $3.00 postage, from Westphalia Historical Society, Ms. Pat Hilkemeyer, Museum Direc­ tor, Main Street, Westphalia, Missouri 65085.

Growing Up On a Farm in Missouri. By Mary Threlkeld Pilcher (New York, New York: Vantage Press, Inc., 1985). 79 pp. Illustrated. Not indexed. $8.95. Mary Threlkeld Pilcher writes about growing up on a farm in the Monroe County area of Missouri. She reflects on travel before automobiles; her family, friends and relatives; winter and summer activities; education in rural schools; holidays, especially Christmas festivities; church; farm work; depression years; the drought; and health. The author started the book as a history of two pioneer Missouri families, but her description of the era before and after World War I makes this an interesting historical narrative. A hardback volume, Growing Up On a Farm in Missouri, may be purchased in local bookstores. Inquiries also may be addressed 498 Missouri Historical Review to Vantage Press, Inc., 516 West 34th Street, New York, New York 10001.

Conservation Federation of Missouri, 50 Years of Service (Con­ servation Federation of Missouri, 1985). 52 pp. Illustrated. Not indexed. Free with membership. This paperback booklet is a special issue of Missouri Wildlife, an official publication of the Conservation Federation of Missouri. It commemorates CFM's 50th anniversary. On September 10, 1935, 75 men, concerned about the deplor­ able state of wildlife and forest resources, met in Columbia and organized the Restoration and Conservation Federation of Mis­ souri. Their campaign lifted the state's conservation program from the quagmire of political patronage to the pinnacle of progressive wildlife management. They secured the best basic wildlife con­ servation law in the nation and have built the best state wildlife and forestry program to be found anywhere. The various authors are members of CFM, who recall some respresentative leaders and events for this "birthday card" publica­ tion. Two chapters feature Syd Stephens, an organizer, and Rudolf Bennitt, early chief advisor of the federation. The book lists CFM presidents 1935-1985, and 1985 CFM affiliates, and concludes with information about the federation today and the challenge for tomorrow. The commemorative booklet is available from Conservation Federation of Missouri, 242 East High Street, Jefferson City, Mis­ souri 65101-3220. Free to members and new members with a $10.00 membership in CFM, it also will be sent free to readers who mention they read about it in the MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW. Readers should enclose $1.00 for postage and handling.

Missouri History on the Table: 250 Years of Good Cooking and Good Eating. Edited and illustrated by Jean Rissover (250th Cele­ bration Commission, Ste. Genevieve, Mo., 1985). 102 pp. Illus­ trated. Indexed. $5.50. An unusual cookbook, this spiral-bound volume combines history and old-time recipes. It is intended to reflect the growth and development of the state's 250 years of white settlement, preceded by centuries of Indian residency. A variety of tastes and styles are represented and the stories behind the recipes make very interesting reading. All testify to the richness and diversity of the Missouri heritage. Historical Notes and Comments 499

In this book may be found recipes for Elderblossom Fritters, Indian Fish Soup, Wild Game Marinade, Jesusalem Artichokes, Deer Sausage, Wild Greens Salad, Railroaders' Rabbit Stew and Cracklin' Corn Bread. Some of the items included in the book were prize winners in the Ste. Genevieve 250th Celebration Historic Cooking Competition, held in 1985. The cookbook sells for $5.50, plus $1.50 postage and handling. Checks should be made to the Tourist Information Center and sent to the center at South Third Street, Ste. Genevieve, Missouri 63670.

Missouri Archives Rulletin. A Guide To County Records on Microfilm. Published by Secretary of State Roy D. Blunt (Jefferson City [1986]). 64 pp. Illustrated. Maps. Not indexed. No charge. For genealogists and local historians, this paperback volume provides a general guide to county records available on microfilm at the Missouri State Archives in Jefferson City. Generally these records range from date of the county's organization through 1900. Part One contains a chronological listing showing the dates of organization for all 114 counties, a county outline map of Missouri, a description of the record series included in the guide and a brief discussion of federal and state census records. Part Two contains a listing of records arranged alphabetically by county. Records available for each county office may include Recorder of Deeds, Clerk of Circuit Court, Probate Court, County Court, Chancery Court, Court of Common Pleas, County Assessor and County Superintendent of Schools. The dates are included for all records available. Two maps are provided for each county: one showing its location in Missouri and the other displaying township boundaries. The booklet is sent upon request, at no charge, from the Missouri State Archives, P.O. Box 778, Jefferson City, Missouri 65102.

Together We Celebrate Our Heritage. By Nelson Memorial United Methodist Church (1984). 58 pp. Illustrated. Appendices. Footnoted. Bibliography. Not indexed. $2.50. Members of the Nelson Memorial United Methodist Church, in Boonville, produced this paperback booklet to perpetuate the Methodist heritage and commemorate the bicentennial of the United Methodist church in the United States. 500 Historical Notes and Comments

The Boonville congregation is the oldest in Missouri West Conference. The Reverend John Scripps conducted the first service there in 1817 in a private home. Well-known artist George Caleb Bingham numbered among the early worshipers. He considered becoming a minister instead of a painter. The Nelson Memorial United Methodist Church, the congre­ gation's third and present building, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was dedicated, February 11, 1917. Together We Celebrate Our Heritage relates the founding of the Methodist church by John Wesley and recalls the early circuit riders who brought Methodism to Missouri. However, the history deals primarily with the Boonville congregation. Appendices list Boonville ministers from 1818 to 1985, District Superintendents for the same period and the current membership. Anyone interested in the Boonville church may obtain a copy of the booklet for $2.50 from Nelson Memorial United Methodist Church, 407 East Spring Street, Boonville, Missouri 65233.

Our Own Little Town: Newtown, Missouri, 1858-1983. Com­ piled by the Newtown Quasquicentennial Association (Milan, Mis­ souri: The Milan Standard, 1985). 225 pp. Illustrated. Maps. Not indexed. $12.50. This hardbound volume marks the quasquicentennial anni­ versary of this northern Missouri community (population 270) located in Sullivan County. After the first settlers arrived in the 1840s, land sales placed Newtown on the Sullivan and Putnam counties border only a few miles from Mercer County. With the arrival of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway line from Marion to Kansas City in 1887, local residents moved their homes and businesses to the new section of town nearer to the railroad depot. The historical narrative of Newtown includes numerous con­ temporary newspaper accounts and a diary entry. Here the authors describe a variety of natural disasters and technological and public works improvements. Subsequent individual vignettes cover church, school, newspaper, sport, business and community association histories. The last section includes 91 Newtown area family his­ tories and numerous family photos. Our Own Little Town may be ordered from Lenora Gregory, Box 68, Newtown, Missouri 64667 for $12.50. INDEX TO VOLUME LXXX COMPILED BY HIROKO SOMERS

Barry County, 256, 258, 260, 262-264, 267, 397 "A.B. Cross Lumber Company, 1858-1871," by George Barry Dean (towboat), art. on, listed, 492 Ehrlich & Peggy E. Schrock, 14-31; (illus.) Barry, George W., art. on, listed, 110 Adair County Historical Society, 79 Barton County Historical Society, 79, 324, 457 Adams, Emmett, art. on, listed, 480 Barton, J.T., art. on, listed, 245 Adams, Patricia L., "Fighting For Democracy in St. Barton, Ruth, 456 Louis: Civil Rights During World War II," 58-75; Baseball (illus.) —arts, on, listed, 110, 111, 112, 236, 357, 491 Adamson, Jason Rainey, Sr., obit., 493 —book on, reviewed, 249-250 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, art. on, 1-13; (illus.) Basey, D.C., art. on, listed, 101 Adventures of Tom Sawyer, 1 Baskets, arts, on, listed, 245, .354 Affton Historical Society, 79, 324, 457 Bates County, art. on, listed, 480 Aid Hardware, art. on, listed, 358 Bates County Historical Society, 80, 208 Akins, Zoe, art. on, listed, 346 Bates, Gov. Frederick, art. on, listed, 246 Alexander and Son Plow Factory, art. on, listed, 484 Battle of Greenville, 184 Alexander, Bob & Jeaneal, art. on, listed, 244 Battle of Knoxville, art. on, listed, 490 Alexander, Ralph, art. on, listed, 353 Battle of Pea Ridge, 47 Allegheny College, Pa., 274, 275 Battle of Pilot Knob, art. on, listed, 110 Allegri, S.L., obit., 248 Battle of Shiloh, 47, 177 Allen, George E., 158, 162-164 Battle of Westport, 30, 191 Allen, William Martin, art. on, listed, 490 Battle of Wilson's Creek, 44, 177 Alligator Horse, art. on, listed, 350 Bauer family, art. on, listed, 490 Alpha Kappa Alpha (sorority), 60 Bauer, G.A., engraving by, 317 (illus.) Altenburg, Mo., art. on, listed, 237 Baughman, Lydia, 284 Alton, Mo., art. on, listed, 358 Baxter Springs, Kan., 396, 401, 402; 402 (illus.) Ambussen Hydraulic Construction Company, 256 Bay, William V.N., ,35; art. on, listed, 489 American Fur Company, art. on, listed, 244 Bayer, George, art. on, listed, 485 American Legion, arts, on, listed 353, 481, 482 Beal family, art. on, listed, 347 American Library Association, 76 Bear Creek Baptist Church, art. on, listed, 236 Amertorp Corporation, St. Louis, 73 Beards Decorating Center, art. on, listed, 482 Anderson, William (Bloody Bill), 133, 451; art. on, Bearss, Mrs. Amanda Jeffries, arts, on, listed, 487 listed, 246 Bearss, Ed, 456 Andrew County Historical Society, 79, 208, 324, 457 Beatles, art. on, listed, 358 Andrews, Le Roy G., obit., 493 Beaver Dam, 256 Anheuser-Busch Company, St. Louis, 388, 389 Beck, Kent M, 456 Anzeiger des Western, 425 Becker, William Dee, 67 Appleby, Pearl, art. on, listed, .356 Beckley, Brent, 408 Arapahoe school district, art. on, listed, 347 Beckman, Leona J., obit., 248 Architects Beehler Steel Products Co., St. Louis, art. on, listed, — Kansas City, arts, on, listed, 242, 351 491 —St. Louis, arts, on, listed, 109, 243, 352, 488 Bees, art. on, listed, 352 Architecture, arts, on, listed, 107, 108, 110 Behrens, E.T., art. on, listed, 491 Ark.-Mo. League, art. on, listed, 110 Belgique, Mo., art. on, listed, 110 Arkansas folklore, book on, noted, 253 Bell, R.J., 50 Army of the West, 135, 136, 139-142, 144, 148, 155 Belle, Mo., art. on, listed, 104 Arno, Mo., arts, on, listed, 488 Bellefontaine Cemetery, art. on, listed, 485 Arrow Rock, Mo., arts, on, listed, 351 Bellevue Valley Historical Society, 80 Arthur, Pres. Chester A., 423, 448 Belmont, Mo., art. on, listed, 247 Asbury, Mo., art. on, listed, 103 Belton Historical Society, 80, 208, 325, 457 Astroth, Anna, 65, 66 Benjamin, Judah P., 432 Atchison County, arts, on, listed, 348, 484 Bentley, Minnie, 326 Atherton, Dr. Lewis E., 452, 453 Benton County Historical Society, 209, 458 Atkins, Burl W., obit., 115 Benton Park, St. Louis, art. on, listed, 488 Audrain County Benton, Thomas Hart (artist) —arts, on, listed, 104, 354, 484 —art. on, 1-13 —medicine, book on, noted, 366-367 —art. on, listed, 492 Audrain County Historical Society, 79, 208, 324 —book on, reviewed, 360-361 Audubon, John James, arts, on, listed, 107, 109, 241, —illustrations by, front covers, Oct., Jan., Apr. and 350 July issues; (illus.) Aull Brothers, art. on, listed, 354 Benton, Thomas Hart (senator), 35-37, 425; 36 (illus.); Aurora Historical Society, 324, 457 art. on, listed, 355 Ayers, Cornelia, obit., 115 Bent's Fort, Colorado, 138-140 Bethel German Communal Colony, 325, 458 Bethune, Mary McLeod, 60 Babcock, Lucille Farmer, art. on, listed, 354 Bethurem, Karen, art. on, listed, 112 Bagley, Mary, The Front Row: Missouri's Grand Bibliographisches Institut, 308 Theatres, noted, 120 Biehle, Mo., art. on, listed, 346 Baird, William Thomas, art. on, listed, 350 Big Spring, Palmyra, art. on, listed, 104 Baker, Frankie, art. on, listed, 244 Bills, Carole, Nathan Boone, the neglected hero, Baker, Julia A.W., art. on, listed, 483 noted, 118-119 Baker University, 302 Bills, Mrs. Elmer, Sr., obit., 359 Ballew, Elgin & Marie, art. on, listed, 107 Bingham, George Caleb, 305, 449-451 (illus.); arts, on, Ballous Pictorial and Drawing-Room Companion, listed, 102, 243, 350, 482, 488 318; 319 (illus.) Bingham, Mattie Lykins, arts, on, listed, 243, 488 Bangert, Edna, art. on, listed, 351 Birdsong Blacksmith, art. on, listed, 482 Banks, Gen. Nathaniel P., 51, 53; 52 (illus.) Bishop, Jim, 168 Bannon, Rev. John, 196, 197 Bittersweet Earth, noted, 364-365 Barger, Mrs. Laura C, obit., 248 Bittner, William, obit., 115 Barnard Community Histrorical Society, 457 Black River, 183, 185, 186, 188, 193 Barnes, Francis M., Ill, 196, 199, 202, 203; 198, 202 Blackington, A.D., 401 (illus.) Blacks Barr, Lawrence H., obit., 248 —arts, on, listed, 108, 345, 488 Barr, Mary M., 451 —book on, reviewed, 249-250 Barr, Robert S., 449-451; 450 (illus.) —Civil Rights, art. on, 58-75 Barr, William, 451 Blair, Frank, 425, 427; art. on, listed, 482 Barrow, Clyde, art. on, listed, 110 Blannerhassett-Adams, Mrs. Teresa, 378

501 502 Index

Blend ville, Mo., 403 Bruns "Big House," art. on, listed, 349 Bliss, D.M., 415 Brunswick, Mo., arts, on, listed, 101, 107, 480 Bloomfield, Mo., 182; arts, on, listed, 344, 489 Brush and Palette Club, 81, 210, 459 Blow, Susan, kindergarten, art. on, listed, 241 Bryan, Lonnie, art. on, listed, 358 Blue Eye, Mo., 262 Bryant Springs Mill, art. on, listed, 238 Blue Mills, Jackson County, arts, on, listed, 237, 243 Bryant, William Cullen, 155 Blue Springs, Mo., arts, on, listed, 235, 244 Buchanan, James, 427 Blue Springs, First Christian Church, art. on, listed, Buchanan, Samuel V., Sr., obit., 248 111 Buckner, Gen. Simon B., 441 Blue Springs Historical Society, 80, 209, 325, 458 Bull Shoals Dam, 255, 257 Blue's Variety Store, art. on, listed, 101 Bullene, Thomas B, 370 Blum, John Morton, 175 Bunker Hill, art. on, listed, 491 Blunt, James G., 48, 49 Burbridge, Gen. John Q., 184 Blunt, Roy D., 456 Burckhartt, George Frederick, book on, noted, 120-121 Board of Lady Managers, 371, 372, 378, 387 Burfordville, Mo., arts, on, listed, 237, 482 Boats, art. on, listed, 113 Burgers' Ozark Country Cured Hams, Inc., art. on, Bob-O-Links Country Hoe-Down, art. on, listed, 354 listed, 244 Boekerton Baptist Church, art. on, listed, 348 Burkhart, Flossie Edith, obit., 493 Boettinger, John, 164, 165 Burnett, Peter, art. on, listed, 354 Bogar, David, art. on, listed, 488 Burns, Col. Simon B., 51, 53, 54 Bolivar, Mo., arts, on, listed, 101, 491 Burnt Mill, art. on, listed, 490 Bollinger County Historical Society, 458 Burrus family, art. on, listed, 110 Bollinger County, log cabin, art. on, listed, 347 Burton, William, art. on, listed, 244 Bollinger Covered Bridge, Cape Girardeau County, Busby, L.T. and Nondes, art. on, listed, 345 art. on, listed, 344 Busch, CM., 401, 402 Bonne Femme Academy, 450 Busch, Don, art. on, listed, 356 Bonne Terre Railroad, art. on, listed, 481 Bush, George, 455 Bonniebrook Historical Society, 209 Busiek, Urban J., art. on, listed, 356 Bonsack, Frederick C, art. on, listed, 243 Businesses, 20-22, 30, 62-65, 69-75, 130, 256, 257, 270, Book Notes, 118-122, 251-254, 362-368, 497-500 271, 303, 377, 383, 387, 388, 389, 397, 415, 416 Book Reviews, 116-117, 249-250, 360-361, 494-496 —Aid Hardware, art. on, listed, 358 Boomer, Col. George, art. on, listed, 346 —American Fur Company, art. on, listed, 244 Boon, Maj. Hampton Lynch, art. on, listed, 481 —bakeries, arts, on, listed, 352, 485 Boone, Blind (John William), art. on, listed, 111 —banks, arts, on, listed, 108, 484, 491 Boone County, 449, 451; arts, on, listed, 111, 243 —Beards Decorating Center, art. on, listed, 482 Boone County Cooperative Electrical Association, —blacksmiths, arts, on, listed, 105, 244, 355, 482 arts, on, listed, 107 —bottling companies, arts, on, listed, 344, 357 Boone County Historical Society, 80, 210, 325, 458 —Burgers' Ozark Country Cured Hams, art. on, Boone, Daniel, arts, on, listed, 108, 242, 350, 353, 354, listed, 244 481, 482 —Cape Girardeau, art. on, listed, 101 Boone/Duden Historical Society, 459 —Cross, A.B., Lumber Company, art. on, 14-32; Boone, Nathan (illus.) —arts, on, listed, 241, 245 —factories, arts, on, listed, 245, 484, 486 —book on, noted, 118-119 —Farrar Auction Barn, art. on, listed, 358 Boone's Lick, 450; arts, on, listed, 345 —Ford garage, art. on, listed, 236 Boone's Lick Road, art. on, listed, 111 —Franz Sheet Metal, art. on, listed, 107 Boonslick Historical Society, 81, 459 —funeral homes, arts, on, listed, 344, 484 Boonville, Mo., 42, 43, 177; arts, on, listed, 101, 235, —Gannett Company, art. on, listed, 247 344, 357, 480 —Hagenbeck's Circus, 383 Booth, Norene Ritterhouse, art. on, listed, 244 —Hudson Foods, art. on, listed, 356 Boutros, David, "The West Illustrated: Meyer's Views —Kansas City, arts, on, listed, 103, 346 of Missouri River Towns," 304-320; (illus.) —McNeil Corporation, art. on, listed, 246 Bower's Mill, art. on, listed, 245 —Ozark Airlines, art. on, listed, 242 Bowling Green, Mo., art. on, listed, 101 —Pet Milk Company, art. on, listed, 489 Boyer, Pierre, art. on, listed, 355 —Pete's Candyland, art. on, listed, 350 Bradbury, John, 80, 221, 336 —Pound Construction Company, 405 Bradford County, Pa., 396, 420, 421 —real estate, arts, on, listed, 107, 245 Bradford County Taxpayers Association, 421 —Rose Barge Line, art. on, listed, 492 Brady, Dorothy J., 167, 168 —Rosedale, art. on, listed, 235 Brandin, Donald, art. on, listed, 355 —St. Louis, arts, on, listed, 112, 355, 491 Branson, Mo., 267, 268, 271; arts, on, listed, 245, 354, —shoe, art. on, listed, 348 480 —Siren's Palace, Kirksville, art. on, listed, 350 Brashear, John C, art. on, listed, 345 —South Side Day Nursery, art. on, listed, 491 Breckinridge, John C, 37-41 —Springfield, arts, on, listed, 113, 247, 262, 356, Breckinridge, Samuel, 423 491, 492 Brewer, Mrs. Curtis E., obit., 359 —stores, arts, on, listed, 101, 344, 355, 486 Bridger, Jim, art. on, listed, 110 —White Livery Stable, art. on, listed, 245 Bridges, 384; arts, on, listed 240, 344, 348, 349, 480, —White Swan Restaurant, art. on, listed, 240 483, 485, 487, 490 —Winter and Walt Company, Joplin, 418 Bright Star (ferry), art. on, listed, 490 Butler County, Mo., 184, 195 Bronaugh, Mo., art. on, listed, 347 Butler County Historical Society, 81, 210, 325, 459 Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, 60, 61 Byrnes, Sen. James F., 157, 158, 164, 171-175 Brown, B. Gratz, 425, 426; 425 (illus.) Brown, Charlie, 263 (illus.) Brown, Jack Edward, art. on, listed, 113 CIO, 62, 160 Brown, James W., 196 Cabell, E.C, 429, 431, 433 Brown, John, art. on, listed, 350 Cabool, Mo., art. on, listed, 101 Brown, Lillian Mason, 371 Cabool History Society, 81, 210 Brown, Samuel, Sr., art. on, listed, 354 Caldwell County Historical Society, 210, 325 Brown, Col. Staunton, 267; 259 (illus.) Callaway, Mo., arts, on, listed, 102, 241 Browne, A.B., obit., 115 Callaway County, 136, 450 Brownlee, Dr. Richard S., 123, 197, 199, 202-203; 198, Callaway, Flanders, art. on, listed, 241 202 (illus.) Callaway, John, art. on, listed, 241 Bruce, Janet, 218; The Kansas City Monarchs: Cham­ Callaway, R.E, 263 pions of Black Baseball, reviewed, 249-250 Called to Be Faithful: A History of the Sisters of St. Bruemmer, Mary, art. on, listed, 113 Francis, Maryville, Missouri, noted, 254 Brunda, Nicholas A., obit., 248 Index 503

Camden, Mo., art. on, listed, 105 Chesterfield, Mo., arts, on, listed, 112, 348 Camden County Historical Society, 210, 459 Chihauhau, Mexico, 144, 145, 149, 150, 152-154 Camden Point, Mo., art. on, listed, 348 Chillicothe, Mo., arts, on, listed, 101, 481 Cameron, Edward A., art. on, listed, 109 Chitwood, Mo., 403, 406, 407, 409, 411, 412 Camp Jackson, St. Louis, 428; art. on, listed, 112 Christensen, Lawrence O., 454 Campbell Area Genealogical and Historical Society, Christeson, R.P., art. on, listed, 481 210, 459 Christian Colleges, arts, on, listed, 348, 356 Campbell-Gray house, art. on, listed, 356 Christian University, book on, noted, 251 Campbell House, arts, on, listed, 246, 347 Chubb, R. Walston, 74 Candler family, art. on, listed, 245 Chula, Mo., arts, on, listed, 101, 235 Cane Hill, Arkansas, 48 Churches Cannon, Joe, 127 —Baptist, arts, on, listed, 105, 111, 236, 240, 245, Canton, Mo., arts, on, listed, 101, 235, 344, 480 348, 349, 354, 490 Canton, Noah, art. on, listed, 104 —Camp Ground, Scotland Co., art. on, listed, 104 Cape Girardeau (boat), art. on, listed, 357 —Catholic, arts, on, listed, 104, 110, 247, 349, 480, Cape Girardeau, Mo., 183, 185, 193, 443; arts, on, 481, 485 listed, 101, 480 —Christ, Unity, Springfield, art. on, listed, 112 Cape Girardeau County, arts, on, listed, 237, 344, 480 —Christian, arts, on, listed, 102, 239 Cape Girardeau County Historical Society, 211 —Christian (Disciples of Christ), arts, on, listed, Capell, W. Harry, obit., 493 111, 356, 491, 492 Capital City Communications, 130 —Church of Christ, arts, on, listed, 104, 236, 237, Cappeln, Mo., art. on, listed, 111 490 Carl Junction, Mo., 406, 407, 409, 410, 417 —Eastern Star Chapel, art. on, listed, 108 Carleton College, art. on, listed, 356 —Elm Spring, art. on, listed, 103 Carnegie Libraries, art. on, listed, 246 —Episcopal, arts, on, listed, 351, 448 Carney, Dale, art. on, listed, 489 —Hannibal, art. on, listed, 351 Carondelet, Mo., arts, on, listed, 107, 241 —Kidd's Chapel, art. on, listed, 245 Carondelet Historical Society, 81, 211, 326, 459 —Longview Chapel, art. on, listed, 487 Carrington, Capt. John S., 183 —Lutheran, arts, on, listed, 102, 105, 113, 237 Carroll County Historical Society, 81, 211, 326, 460 —Methodist, 247, 286; arts, on, listed, 102, 105; Carrollton, Mo., arts, on, listed, 101, 235, 344, 480 books on, noted, 118, 252-253, 499-500 Carter Carburetor, 64, 73 —Our Lady of the Ozarks, art. on, listed, 344 Carter, Col. George W., 181-183 —Presbyterian, arts, on, listed, 245, 357, 484, 490 Carterville, Mo., 396, 398 —Russian Orthodox Church, Desloge, art. on, listed, Carterville Hotel, 411 481 Carthage, Mo., 43, 177, 375, 380, 395, 396, 398, 399, —Ste. Genevieve, art. on, listed, 239 414; arts, on, listed, 101, 481 —St. Joseph Catholic Parish, Westphalia, art. on, Caruth, Mo., art. on, listed, 483 listed, 201; book on, noted, 497 Caruthersville, Mo., arts, on, listed, 235, 344, 481 —St. Peter's, Deer, art. on, listed, 237 Carver, George Washington, arts, on, listed, 245, 349 —St. Thomas Romanian Orthodox, art. on, listed, Casa Loma Ballroom, art. on, listed, 246 105 Casey, Koleen, art. on, listed, 112" —Walton Chapel, art. on, listed, 350 Cass County, arts, on, listed, 101, 103, 105, 235 Churchill, Gen. Thomas C, 52-54, 56 Cass County Historical Society, 81, 460 Churchill, Winston, arts, on, listed, 482 Cassatt, Mary, 387 Cinque Hommes Creek, art. on, listed, 354 Cassell, Frank A., "Missouri and the Columbian Ex­ Citizen's Bank, Florissant, art. on, listed, 108 position of 1893," 369-394; (illus.) Citizens Civil Rights Committee (CCRC), 69-75 Cassville, Mo., 44, 46, 262; art. on, listed, 490 Civil Liberties Committee, 69 Castle Rock, Mo., art. on, listed, 346 Civil War, 15, 20, 22-24, 29, 31, 256, 273-275, 303 Caston, Jasper, 69 —arts, on, 33-57; 176-195 Catholic Missourian, 119 —arts, on, listed, 103, 105, 106, 110, 112, 239, 242, Catledge, Turner, 173 247, 344, 350, 354, 355, 480, 481, 482, 486, 489, 490 Cattle drives, Texas, art. on, listed, 245 —book on, noted, 362-363 Cauchois family art. on, listed, 483 —Confederacy, art. on, 422-448 Caves, arts, on, listed, 109, 243 Civil War Round Table Associates of Little Rock, Cayton Buggy Factory, art. on, listed, 486 ArlcciiiScis 435 Cedar County, 128; arts, on, listed, 106, 239, 349 Civil War Round Table of Kansas City, 82, 212, 326, Cedar County Historical Society, 82, 211, 326, 460 461 Cedar Gap Southern Baptist Church, art. on, listed, Civil War Round Table of St. Louis, 83, 212, 327 349 Civil War Round Table of the Ozarks, 212, 327, 461 Cemeteries Clarence, Mo., art. on, listed, 235 —arts, on, listed, 111, 346, 485, 487 Clark, Champ, 155 —Kansas City, book on, noted, 251 Clark, Charlie E., obit., 115 Centennial Exposition, Philadelphia, 373 Clark County Historical Society, 461 Centerville, Mo., 184, 186 Clark, George W., 446 Central Missouri State University, art. on, listed, 489 Clark, Gen. John B., 53, 177 Central Wesleyan College, art. on, listed, 356 Clark, Sen. John B., Sr., 432, 439-441; 440 (illus.) Centralia, Mo. 451; art. on, listed, 481 Clark, Kimball, "The Epic March of Doniphan's Mis­ Centralia Historical Society, 82, 460 sourians," 134-155; (illus.) Cerro Gordo, Mexico, 136 Clark, Maj. Meriwether Lewis, 139 Chalk Bluff, Ark., 183, 193, 194 Clawson, Cornelius, 276, 279, 286, 295, 297 Chambers, Lois Barlow, art. on, listed, 483 Clawson, Elizabeth, 275 Chamois, Mo., arts, on, listed, 104, 237 Clawson, Matthias, 275, 276, 279, 280, 282, 283, 286, Chandler, W.T., art. on, listed, 344 295-297 302 Chanute, Kan., 418 Clay County, arts, on, listed, 242, 354, 490 Chapman School, art. on, listed, 354 Clay County Historical Society, 213, 327, 461 Charcoal, art. on, listed, 353 Clay County Museum Association, 83, 213, 327, 461 Chariton County, art. on, listed, 241 Clayton, Mo., art. on, listed, 350 Chariton County Historical Society, 82, 212, 326, 460 Clear, Henry and Fletcher, 397 Charm Is Broken: Readings in Arkansas and Missouri Clearwater Dam, 256, 257 Folklore, noted, 253 Clemens, Jane Lampton, 1; art. on, listed, 241 Chase, J.E., 271 Clemens, John Marhall, 1 Chase-Park Plaza hotel, art. on, listed, 105 Clemens, Pamela, art. on, listed, 242 Cherokee Bay, Mo., 183, 185, 186, 193 Clemens, Samuel Langhorne, see Twain, Mark Cherokee County, Kan., 414, 415 Cline, George, art. on, listed, 110 Cherokee Indians, art. on, listed, 357 Clinton, Mo., arts, on, listed, 102, 235, 345, 481 Cherokee, Kan., 413, 416 Clinton County Historical Society, 213, 327 504 Index

Clinton Eye, art. on, listed, 345 Crowley, J. Donald, One Hundred Years of Huckle­ Clum, Edward Ferdinand, book on, noted, 364 berry Finn: The Boy, His Book, and American Clymer, Harry C, art. on, listed, 109 Culture, reviewed, 116-117 Coats, Jeremiah, art. on, listed, 488 Crowley, Leo, 171, 172 Coffey, Edward Me D., 373 Crowley's Ridge, Mo., 183 Coffeyville, Kan., 418 Crutcher, Dan, 88, 219, 330 Coffman, R.R., obit., 115 Cuba, Mo., art. on, listed, 489 Coger, Leslie Irene, art. on, listed, 247 Culbertson, Nola, art. on, listed, 112 Cole Camp Area Historical Society, 83, 213, 461 Culver-Stockton College: The First 130 Years, by Cole County, 35, 36, 38, 57, 136, 299; art. on, listed, George R. Lee, noted, 251 346 Cunningham, Frank D., 456 Cole County Historical Society, 213, 462 Cunningham, Dr. Noble E., 196, 197 Coleman, Dolly, art. on, listed, 347 Cupples, Samuel, House, art. on, listed, 246 Coleman, Earle P., obit., 115 Current River, 180, 181, 292, 293; book on, noted, 362 Colleges, see Schools Current View, Mo., art. on, listed, 350 Collins, Andy, 81, 199, 226, 227; 197 (illus.); "To the Curry, Dr. Nancy, art. on, listed, 112 Victor Belongs the Spoils," 176-195; (illus.) Curtis, Gen. Samuel R., 47 Collins, C.J., obit., 248 Curtiss-Wright, St. Louis, 72 Colonial Ste. Genevieve, reviewed, 494-496 Cyclone, at Gilmore, art. on, listed, 242 Columbia, Mo., 450; arts, on, listed, 243, 345, 352, 353, 356,357,481,492 D Columbian Exposition, 1893, Chicago, art. on, 369- Dade County Historical Society, 83, 214, 328, 462 394; (illus.) Dains, Mary K., "Thomas Hart Benton's Huck Finn Columbus, Kan., 411, 412, 414-419; 414 (illus.) Illustrations Commemorate Mark Twain," 1-13; Colvin, S.A., art. on, listed, 354 (illus.) Comanche Indians, 137 Dallas County Historical Society, 83, 214, 328, 462 Comet, art. on, listed, 357 Dan, Charles D., art. on, listed, 244 Concordia Historical Institute, 213, 327 Dana, Charles A., 306-308, 310, 313 Congress of Industrial Organizations' Political Action Danzero, Domino, art. on, listed, 356 Committee (CIO-PAC), 160 Darneal, Louise, art. on, listed, 246 Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), 75 Dauphin County, Pa., 274 Conical (dredge boat), art. on, listed, 357 Davidson, Gen. J.W., 184 Conley House, Columbia, art. on, listed, 352 Daviess County, book on, noted, 363 Conquering the Rivers: Henry Miller Shreve and the Davis, Col. C.W., 194 Navigation of America's Inland Waterways, by Edith Davis, Elijah, family, art. on, listed, 238 McCall, noted, 253-254 Davis, Ilus W., 196 Conrow, Aaron, 56 Davis, James, art. on, listed, 481 Conroy, Jack, art. on, listed, 244 Davis, Pres. Jefferson, 46, 48, 55, 423, 428, 429, 432, Conservation Federation of Missouri, 50 Years of Ser­ 433, 434, 439, 445, 446; 429 (illus.) vice, noted, 498 Davis, Kearny, 55 Continental Army, 138 Davis, Mary Louise, art. on, listed, 245 Conway, Mo., art. on, listed, 106 Dawson, Jack, art. on, listed, 107 Cook, Fannie, 67, 73, 74 DeBow, J.D.B.,431 Cook, John Dillard, art. on, listed, 489 De La Chaumette family, art. on, listed, 112 Cook Loren, Co., art. on, listed, 247 De Leon, Gen. Ponce, 147 Cook, Samuel B., 401 De Luziere, Pierre DeLassus, art. on, listed, 348 Cookbook, Parent-Teacher Association, Branson, art. De Smet, Father Pierre Jean, arts, on, listed, 485, 487 on, listed, 354 De Soto, Mo., art. on, listed, 236 Cooking, recipes, book on, noted, 498-499 Dean, Lou, art. on, listed, 356 Cooper, Benjamin A., art. on, listed, 102 Dean, O.K., 412, 413 Cooper County, 34 Deer, Mo., art. on, listed, 237 Cooper, Jennie Lee, art. on, listed, 487 Deer Creek, Mo., art. on, listed, 483 Cooper's Fort, art. on, listed, 102 DeKalb County Historical Society, 84, 214, 328; art. Copley, Lenora Strickland, art. on, listed, 358 on, listed, 487 Corinth, Miss., 47, 48, 179 Delashmutt family, art. on, listed, 112 Corning, Mo., arts, on, listed, 102, 105 Delia, Joe, art. on, listed, 107 Corwin, C.J., 40 Dellert, John, art. on, listed, 353 Cote Sans Dessein, Mo., art. on, listed, 109 Delta, Mo., art. on, listed, 237 Cotter's Drugstore, art. on, listed, 491 Democratic National Committee, 157, 158, 162, 164 Courthouses Democratic National Convention, 1944, 156, 162 —arts, on, listed, 102, 104, 110, 351, 481, 483, 484 Dennis, Dr. Enoch, art. on, listed, 107 —Independence, 310 (illus.) Dent County, 288-290, 292 —Jackson County, 32; 31 (illus.) Dent County Historical Society, 215, 462 —St. Louis, 308, 310, 313, 315; 314, 315 (illus.) Depression, art. on, listed, 487 Courtney family, arts, on, listed, 354, 490 Des Arc, Ark., 47, 48, 51 Couzins, Phoebe, 371, 372; 371 (illus.) Desloge, Mo., churches, art. on, listed, 481 Cowan, Fred W., 421 DeVoto, Bernard, 2 Cowskin Prairie, Mo., 43 Dewey Short Orator of the Ozarks. Vol. I, by Robert Cox, James M., 117 S. Wiley, noted, 367 Dewey, Col. William, 180 Coy, Madison Daniel, art. on, listed, 108 Dexter, Mo., arts, on, listed, 102, 236, 345, 481 Cozby, R.T., obit., 359 Dick, Robert, art. on, listed, 353 Crane, Mo., book on, noted, 364 Dickey, Walter S., art. on, listed, 103 Crane.Creek, Mo., arts, on, listed, 247, 490, 492 Dillon, John A., house, inside back cover, Jan. issue; Crawford County, art. on, listed, 349 (illus.) Crawford County Historical Society, 83, 214, 327, 462 Disabled American Veterans, art. on, listed, 481 Cree, Fred, 131; 123 (illus.) Dixon, Mo., art. on, listed, 236 Crestwood, Mo., art. on, listed, 355 Dixon, Emma Ledbetter, art. on, listed, 358 Creve Coeur-Chesterfield Historical Society, 83, 214, Dockery, Mo., arts, on, listed, 105, 355 462 Dodge, Henry, art. on, listed, 490 Dodson, Ann Fair, art. on, listed, 356 Crighton, John, art. on, listed, 481 Dog Creek, art. on, listed, 246 Cross, A.B., Lumber Company, art. on, 14-32 Dogwood, art. on, listed, 490 Cross & Taylor, Kansas City, 38 Doniphan, Mo., 181, 182, 186; art. on, listed, 107 Cross, Asa Beebe, art. on, 14-32; 14 (illus.) Doniphan, Col. Alexander, 35; art. on, 134-155; 137 Crouch, Edwin, art. on, listed, 242 (illus.) Crow, Jim, 67, 71-73 Doniphan, George, 138 Index 505

Doniphan, Joseph, 138 Fancier, Mrs. Lucille Harris, obit., 493 Douglas County, 292; arts, on, listed, 108, 358, 488 Farmer, J.H., art. on, listed, 239 Douglas, Stephen A., 37-40, 426 Farmington, Mo., 48, 188 Douglas, William ()., 161, 164-169, 171-174 Farrar, Frank, arts, on, listed, 357, 358 Douthit, William Evans, art. on, listed, 112 Fatty's (tavern), Needmore, 128 Dove, Mo., post office, art. on, listed, 346 Fausett, Raymond, 268, 269 Drew, Mo., art. on, listed, 243 Fayette, Mo., art. on, listed, 345 Dryden, John D.S., art. on, listed, 489 Fayetteville, Arkansas, 48 Duden, Gottfried, art. on, listed, 240 Federal Power Commission, 256 Duden Settlement, art. on, listed, 349 Felker, T.A., art. on, listed, 486 Duff, Michael, art. on, listed, 492 Felling, Dr. Raymond J., 95; obit., 115 Duffner, Father Ralph Joseph Jacob, art. on, listed, Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR), 65, 69 247 Felton, Jay, art. on, listed, 352 Dug Spring, Mo., 177 Fenton, Mo., art. on, listed, 246 Dunbar, Irwin, art. on, listed, 350 Ferdinand, King of Spain, 138 Duncan, Arthur, 124; (illus.) Fergason, Sgt. E.T., art. on, listed, 354 Dunklin County Museum, Kennett, 463; inside back Ferguson, Mo., art. on, listed, 242 cover, July issue; (illus.) Ferguson Cemetery, art. on, listed, 487 Duvall, Mrs. Hattie, 71 Ferguson Historical Society, 84, 328, 463 Dye, Bill, art. on, listed, 246 Ferraro, Geraldine, 128 Dyer, David P., 447 Ferrell, Ben, Museum, art. on, listed, 354 Ferris Wheel, 383 Ferry funeral home, art. on, listed, 484 Eagle Fork, Mo., art. on, listed, 490 Festus, Mo., arts, on, listed, 345 Eagleton, Norma Haddad, art. on, listed, 356 '"Few Men But Many Widows. . .': The Daniel Fogle Eagleton, Sen. Thomas F., art. on, listed, 243 Letters August 8-September 4, 1867," edited by Eakin, J.R., 442 James W. Goodrich & Donald B. Oster, 273-303; Eames, William S., art. on, listed, 488 (illus.) Earthquake, New Madrid, art. on, listed, 491 Fewel, Henry Eugene, art. on, listed, 487 East Prairie Eagle (newspaper), art. on, listed, 244 Field, Eugene, House and Toy Museum, 78 Easterly, Thomas, 315, 317, 318; daguerreotype by, "Fighting For Democrary in St. Louis: Civil Rights 315, 316 (illus.) During World War II," by Patricia L. Adams, 58-75; Eastern Jasper County Historical Society, 84 (illus.) Eastern Star Chapel, art. on, listed, 108 First American School of Osteopathy, art. on, listed, Eastern Star, St. Louis Chapter, 68 488 Eden Theological Seminary, 71; art. on, listed, 113 Fisher, J. Porter, obit., 359 Eden-Webster Library, art. on, listed, 113 Fisher, James J., 201; 126, 199 (illus.); "History and Edgar Springs, Mo., art. on, listed, 484 Newspapering," 123-133; (illus.) Edgerton Middle School, art. on, listed, 239 Fisher, Kaye, 123 Edina, Mo., arts, on, listed, 102, 236, 345 Fisk, Gen. C.B., 185, 186 Edison Brothers Stores, art. on, listed, 355 Fitch, Fred IL, 414-420 Education, arts, on, listed, 111, 242, 353 Fite, Joe, arts, on, listed, 247 Edwards, Gov. John C, 35 Fitts, Orvis, 456 Ehrlich, George, "The A.B. Cross Lumber Company, Fitzpatrick, Daniel R., cartoon by, 156 (illus.) 1858-1871," 14-32; (illus.) Flagg, Edmund, 308, 310, 312 El Brazito, Mexico, 146, 153 Flanders, Robert, 456 El Camino Real, 144 Fleagle, William Harrison, art. on, listed, 245 El Paso, 146, 148, 149 Flight of the Phoenix, a biography of The School of El Paso Del Norte, 144 the Ozarks . . . a Unique American College, noted, Electric Park, art. on, listed, 237 363 Eliff, J.L., 409 Flood Control Act of 1941, 255 Elkhorn Tavern, 47 Floods, art. on, listed, 347 Elliott, R. Kenneth, 196 Florida, Mo., 1 Ellis, Barry, book review by, 494-496 Florissant, Mo., arts, on, listed, 108, 242, 349, 351, 485, Elm Spring, Mo., art. on, listed, 103 487, 489 Elms Hotel, Excelsior Springs, art. on, listed, 352 Florissant Valley Historical Society, 84, 215, 328, 463 Elsey, Ivella McWhorter, art. on, listed, 492 Floyd family, art. on, listed, 347 Emma, Mo., art. on, listed, 236 Flynn, Edward J., 158, 162-164, 171 Empire District Electric Company, 256, 257 Foggy River boys, art. on, listed, 247 English, Thomas B., 37 Fogle, Christopher, 274, 275 Ensor, Allison R., 117 Fogle, Daniel, art. on, 273-303; 273 (illus.) Equality Savings & Loan, art. on, listed, 491 Fogle, Elizabeth Clawson, 303 Ernestville, Mo., art. on, listed, 236 Fogle, Rachel Minsker, 274 Eureka, Mo., art. on, listed, 246 Fogle, William C, 303 Evangelical Children's Home, art. on, listed, 491 Foley, William E., 454 Evans, Mrs. C.A., obit., 115 Folklore Evans, Roger, 259 (illus.) —book on, noted, 253 Everett School, art. on, listed, 485 —industrial, art. on, listed, 244 Ewers, Ilde, art. on, listed, 480 Folksongs, arts, on, listed, 245, 354 Ewing, Ella, art. on, listed, 481 Football, arts, on, listed, 239, 357 Ewing family, art. on, listed, 357 Force Bill, 372 Ewing, Gen. Thomas, 189, 191-193 Ford, Bob, 133 Excelsior Springs, Mo., art. on, listed, 352 Ford, Gladys R., obit., 359 Excelsior Springs Historical Museum, 215 Forest City, Mo., 126 Eyles, Betty Rae, obit., 248 Forest Park, St. Louis, 370, 394, 423; art. on, listed, 352 Forsyth, Mo., art. on, listed, 247 FASCO Industries, Inc., art. on, listed, 356 Fort Curtis, Ark., 50 FDR; My Boss, 166-167 Fort Davidson, Mo., 188 Fagan, Gen. James F., 188, 189, 191; 189 (illus.) Fort Donelson, 47 Fagan, James S., 51 Fort Henry, 47 Fair Employment Practice Commission (FEPC), I Fort Leavenworth, 35, 135-137, 139, 141, 147, 148, 153 62-64, 73, 75 Fort Osage Historical Society, 215, 463 Fair Haven Children's Home, art. on, listed, 488 Fort Smith, Ark., 430 Fairfax, Mo., art. on, listed, 483 Forts, arts, on, listed, 105, 110 Famous Barr, St. Louis, 70, 71, 74, 75 Fortner, Dr. Mildred, art. on, listed, 112 506 Index

Foss, Zachariah, House, art. on, listed, 349 Goodrich, Linda Andreoli, 322 Foster, Ralph, Museum, art. on, listed, 245 Goodrich, Lisa, 322 Francis, Gov. David, 370, 372-375, 382, 392, 393; 392 Gordon C. Greene (boat), art. on, listed, 357 (illus.) Gordon, Marshall, art. on, listed, 356 Francis, Joseph, art. on, listed, 247 Gordonville, Mo., art. on, listed, 237 Francis Quadrangle, art. on, listed, 357 Gorgas, Gen. Josiah, 433 Frank, Nathan, 373, 375, 381, 382; 374 (illus.) Gottschall, Henry & Josephine, art. on, listed, 107 Franklin, Mo., 450; art. on, listed, 350 Graf, J.J., 197 Franklin County, 136; arts, on, listed, 109, 239; 349 Graham Historical Society, 85, 216 Franklin County Historical Society, 84, 215, 328, 463 Granby, Mo., 397 Franz Sheet Metal, art. on, listed, 107 Grand Falls, Mo., 399, 400, 402, 403 Fredericktown, Mo., 182, 188 Grand River Historical Society, 85, 216, 329, 464 Freeburg, Mo., art. on, listed, 346 Grandview Historical Society, 85, 216, 329, 464 Freeman, A.D., art. on, listed, 355 Grant, David, 61, 63, 64, 67, 71, 72, 75; 63, 70 (illus.) Freeman, John, art. on, listed, 355 Grant, Pres. Ulysses S., 134,136, 447; art. on, listed, 487 Frick, Jane, 456 Graveyard Hill, Ark., 50 Friedenberg Lutheran Historical Society, 84 Gray-Campbell house, arts, on, listed, 356, 491 Friend of Audrain: A History of Medicine in Audrain Gray, George, mural by, 194 (illus.) County, noted, 366-367 Gray, Harriette Ann, art. on, listed, 492 Friends of Arrow Rock, 84, 215, 329, 463 Gray Summit, Mo., art. on, listed, 485 Friends of Historic Boonville, 85, 216, 329, 463 Gray, Wanda, art. on, listed, 112 Friends of Keytesville, 85, 464 Green, Charles W., 373 Friends of Missouri Town-1855, 85, 216, 329, 464 Green, Eleanor, 65 Frisco railroad, arts, on, listed, 110, 345 Green, George A., obit., 493 Fritz, William E., obit., 115 Green, James S., 36, 40, 41 Frohna, Mo., art. on, listed, 346 Green, Tony, obit., 248 From Southern Village to Midwestern City: Columbia, An Greene, Col. Colton, 42, 181, 182 Illustrated History, by Alan R. Havig, noted, 362-363 Greene County, 381; arts, on, listed, 112, 358, 487 Fronabarger, CD., art. on, listed, 480 Greene County Historical Society, 86, 216, 464 Front Row: Missouri's Grand Theatres (The), by Mary Greenfield, Mo., 385 Bagley, noted, 120 Greenville, Mo., 179-181 Frost, Donald M., obit., 248 Greenwell, Guy, art. on, listed, 354 Fruitland, Mo., art. on, listed, 237 Greer's Ferry Dam, 256 Fuerbringer, Dr. Alfred O., 197 Gregg, H.H., 373, 374 Fulenwider, Caroline Imlay, 451 Greyhounds, art. on, listed, 353 Fulton, Mo., 449-451, 455 Griffith, Alfred W., obit., 359 —arts, on, listed, 482 Growing Up On a Farm in Missouri, by Mary Threlkeld —Rotary Club, book on, noted, 366 Pilcher, noted, 497-498 Fulton, Sarah Roller, art. on, listed, 352 Grubbs, Robert M., obit., 115 Funk, Ernest M., art. on, listed, 352 Grundy County Historical Society, 86, 217, 329, 475 Fur Trade, arts, on., listed, 351, 484 Grundy County Museum —art. on, listed, 106 —inside back cover, April issue; (illus.) Galena, Kan., 398, 399, 402-404, 411, 412, 415, 418, 419; Gulf port (boat), art. on, listed, 113 413, 420 (illus.) Gunn & Curtiss, Kansas City, 377 Gamble, Gov. Hamilton R., 180 Guns, arts, on, listed, 356, 489 Gannett Company, art. on, listed, 247 Gunther, Georgianna, 420 Gantt, Col. Edward W., 442 Gwynn, J.K., 375, 376 Gantz, Frank A., art. on, listed, 487 Gasconade County Historical Society, 329 Gaugh, Percival, 21 H Gayoso, Mo., art. on, listed, 347 Haden, Joel H., art. on, listed, 356 Gellhorn, Edna, 67; 68 (illus.) Hagenbeck's Circus, 383 General Baptist Messenger, art. on, listed, 487 Hainline family, art. on, listed, 351 "General Mosby M. Parsons: Missouri Secessionist," by Hall, Larry, obit., 248 Robert E. Miller, 33-57; (illus.) Halley's Comet, arts, on, listed, 241, 349, 353, 482 Gentry, Nicholas, 373, 391; 374 (illus.) Hamilton, Mo., art. on, listed, 244 George, Mrs. Floy F., obit., 115 Hamilton, Elsey, 77 George Frederick Burckhartt and the Origin of the Mis­ Hamilton, Jean Tvree, 454 souri State Seal and Burckhartts in Missouri History, by Hamley, A. Joe, 390 Mary Miller Smiser, noted, 120-121 Hammel Real Estate, art. on, listed, 107 Georgetown, Mo., 299; art. on, listed, 105 Handley, Don, art. on, listed, 113 Germans, arts, on, listed, 105, 110, 241, 246, 351, 490 Handy, W.C, art. on, listed, 246 Geyer, Martha Rice, art. on, listed, 489 "Hanged by the Neck Until Dead": The Complete story Giddings, Col. D.C, 182 of the only legal hanging in Barry County history, Giesen, Mother M. Augustine, book on, noted, 254 noted, 364 Gifts, 96-100, 230-234, 339-343, 476-479 Hannegan, Robert E., 157, 158, 162-164, 166-169, 171-174; Gilmore, Mo., arts, on, listed, 242 168 (illus.) Gilmore, Thomas, art. on, listed, 242 Hannibal, Mo., 1; arts, on, listed, 102, 109, 236, 240, 351, Gilpin, Maj. William, 143 482 Gladden Valley, 292 Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad, 31 Gladish, Judge Harry E., Sr., obit., 248 Hannon, Robert E., art. on, listed, 246 Glass, David, art. on, listed, 356 Harding, Chester, arts, on, listed, 350 Gleason School, art. on, listed, 238 Harley, Mrs. V.B., 387 Glendale Historical Society, 464 Harney, Gen. William S., 430 Godsey, Helen and Townsend, Flight of the Phoenix, a Harney, William S., Historical Society, 465 biography of The School of the Ozarks ... a Unique Harp, William & Charlotte Harrison, family, art. on, American College, noted, 363 listed, 492 Goetze, Johannes, art. on, listed, 110 Harper, Roy W., art. on, listed, 112 Golden, Mo., 260, 262, 267 Harrington, Mo., cave, art. on, listed, 490 Golden Eagle River Museum, 456 Harrington, Fernando A., art. on, listed, 481 Gonz, Charles H., obit., 493 Harris family, art. on, listed, 347 Goodrich, Dr. James W., 94, 123, 197, 218, 321-322, 452, Harris, Jesse & Polly, art. on, listed, 344 453, 456, 459, 475; 321 (illus.); " 'Few Men But Many Harrisburg, Mo., art. on, listed, 101 Widows . . .': The Daniel Fogle Letters August 8- Harrison County Historical Society, 86, 217, 465 September 4, 1867," 272-303; (illus.) Harrison, Lloyd A., arts, on, listed, 244, 353 Goodrich, Kimberly, 322 Harrison Mills, Mo., art. on, listed, 236 Index 507

Hart brothers, Camden County, 390 Hodge, Leta, The Friend of Audrain: A History of Medi­ Hartmann, Susan M., 454 cine in Audrain County, noted, 366-367 Harvey, Mrs. Marie Turner, art. on, listed, 350 Hoester, Robert G.K., 196 Hatcher, Earl, art. on, listed, 353 Hogan, Mary, 35 Hatcher, Robert Anthony, art. on, listed, 349 Holden, Mo., arts, on, listed, 241 Hatfield, Guy, 410 Hollars, Denver, 262 Havig, Alan R., 88, 454 Hollister, Mo., 266 (illus.); art. on, listed, 104 —book review by, 116-117 Holloway, John, art. on, listed, 354 —From Southern Village to Midwestern City: Colum­ Holmes, Gen. Theophilus H., 49, 50,180, 423, 434, 435, 439 bia, An Illustrated History, noted, 362-363 Holt County Historical Society, 87 Hawken House, art. on, listed, 246 Homes Hay, making, art. on, listed, 239 —Bates, Gov. Frederick, art. on, listed, 246 Hayden, Mother Magdalen, family, art. on, listed, 490 —Bruns "Big House," art. on, listed, 349 Hayden, Stephen T., art. on, listed, 354 —Brunswick, art. on, listed, 101 Hayti, Mo., arts, on, listed, 103, 246 —Busby, L.T. & Nondes, art. on, listed, 345 Hayward Baptist Church, art. on, listed, 348 —Coriley, Columbia, art. on, listed, 352 Hazlett, James A., art. on, listed, 353 —Crouch, Edwin, art. on, listed, 242 Hearnes, Warren E., art. on, listed, 353 —Cupples, Samuel, art. on, listed, 246 Hearst, Phoebe Apperson, art. on, listed, 350 —Dillon, John A., inside back cover, Jan. issue; (illus.) Hearst, Phoebe Apperson, Historical Society, 465 —Foss, Zachariah, art. on, listed, 349 Heaster, Brenda L., "Who's on Second: The 1944 Demo­ —Gray-Campbell, art. on, listed, 356 cratic Vice Presidential Nomination," 156-175; (illus.) —Harris, Jesse & Polly, art. on, listed, 344 Heatherly, Mrs. Opal, obit., 248 —Hawken, art. on, listed, 246 Hecla (dredge boat), art. on, listed, 357 —Kern, New Bourbon, art. on, listed, 348 Heim, Joseph, 419 —Kirksville, art. on, listed, 350 Helena, Ark., 435 —Lampton, Centralia, art. on, listed, 235 Hemingway, Ernest, 131 —Lilac Hill, art. on, listed, 345 Hendricks, Abraham, arts, on, listed 111, 245 —Nevada, art. on, listed, 104 Hennings, Sen. Thomas C, Jr., 262 —Old Rock, St. Louis, art. on, listed, 108 Henry County Historical Society, 86, 217, 329, 465 —orphans, art. on, listed, 345 Hensley, John R., "In the Shadow of Table Rock Dam: —Pappas, Bette & Ted, art. on, listed, 111 the Army Corps of Engineers, Civil Engineering & —Ravenswood, art. on, listed, 353 Local Communities," 255-272; (illus.) —Rock, St. Louis, art. on, listed, 243 Herculaneum, Mo., arts, on, listed, 236, 484 —Shauwecker, art. on, listed, 346 Herder, Col. John, 186 —Snow, Joseph H., art. on, listed, 107 Here Lies Kansas City: A collection of our city's notables —Snow, William D. & Anna McDonald, art. on, listed, and their final resting places, by Wilda Sandy, noted, 107 251 —Taille de Noyer, art. on, listed, 349 Heredia, Gen. Jose A., 151 —Vaile Mansion, art. on, listed, 237 Heritage League of Greater Kansas City, 218 —Wilson, Mr. & Mrs. John, art. on, listed, 344 Hermann, Mo., arts, on, listed, 109, 485 Honey War, art. on, listed, 236 Hermelin, Victor, art. on, listed, 491 Hoover Christian Church, art. on, listed, 239 Herron, Gen. Francis J., 48, 49, 57 Hoover, Dorothea B., art. on, listed, 353 Hickman, Augusta Tucker, art. on, listed, 245 Hoover, Herbert, Library, art. on, listed, 112 Hickman home, art. on, listed, 482 Hopkins, Mo., art. on, listed, 103 Hickman Mills Community Christian Church, art. on, Hopkins, Harry, 170 listed, 102 Hospitals, arts, on, listed, 102,103, 244, 247, 355, 356 Hickory County, arts, on, listed, 103, 236, 345 Hotels, 194, 411; arts, on, listed, 105, 237, 351, 352 Hickory County Historical Society, 218 Howard County, 136,147 Hickory Grove, Mo., art. on, listed, 492 —arts, on, listed, 102, 345 Hicks, Robert, art. on, listed, 488 —schools, hist, of, book on, noted, 252 Higbee Area Historical Society, 86 Howard County Homemaker Extension Clubs, School Higgins, Andrew Jackson, 76 Days: Histories of the Schools of Howard County, Higgins, Harvey J., Historical Society, 465 noted, 252 Highway, Route 66, art. on, listed, 344 Howard, Goldena, Mark Twain Book, noted, 365 Hill, Abram, art. on, listed, 111 Howard, James H., art. on, listed, 238 Hill, Mrs Edith S., obit., 248 Howard, Lena Dawson, art. on, listed, 106 Hill homestead, art. on, listed, 107 Howard, Oliver, 335; Mark Twain Book, noted, 365 Hilleman, Albert, arts, on, listed, 106 Howard, William B., Cemetery, Lee's Summit, art. on, Hillman, Sidney, 160, 169,170, 173 listed, 346 Hindman, Gen. Thomas C, 48, 49, 54 Howell County, 276, 280, 284, 292, 293, 296; art. on, listed, Hinkson Creek, art. on, listed, 243 358 Hirner, Sr. Louise, O.S.F., Called to Be Faithful: A History Howell-Oregon Electric Co-op, art. on, listed, 358 of the Sisters of St. Francis, Maryville, Missouri, noted, Huck Finn (boat), art. on, listed, 113 254 Hudson Foods, Inc., art. on, listed, 356 Historic Florissant, 330 Huff, Lottie M., obit., 248 Historic Hermann, 218, 330 Huggins, Mo., art. on, listed, 355 Historic Kansas City Foundation, 87, 218, 330 Hughes, Pvt. John T., 142 Historical Association of Greater Cape Girardeau, 87, 218, Hulston, John K., 119, 196 330,465 Humansville, Mo., art. on, listed, 103 Historical Society of Maries County, 466 Hunt, Shirley L., obit., 359 Historical Society of Polk County, 87, 218, 330, 466 Hunter, Mrs. Harold, obit., 359 Historical Society of University City, 218 Hunter, Lucille, art. on, listed, 353 History of Crane, Mo., Stone County, 1895-1985, noted, Hunter, R.M.T., 431 364 Hunter, Robert N., arts, on, listed, 244, 353 History of Daviess County, Missouri, noted, 363 Huzzah Creek, Mo., 286 History of Saline County, Missouri, 1983, noted, 118 History of Scott County, Missouri Up To The Year 1880, I noted, 121-122 Ickes, Harold L., 159,160; 159 (illus.) History of the Marshfield United Methodist Church Immanuel Lutheran Church, art. on, listed, 237 (1984), noted, 118 "In the Shadow of Table Rock Dam: The Army Corps of History of the Missouri National Guard Association: 35 Engineers, Civil Engineering & Local Communities," Years of Progress, 1948-1983, Volume One, noted, 121 by John R. Hensley, 255-272; (illus.) History of the United Methodist Churches of Missouri, Independence, Mo., 137, 143, 191, 299-300, 305, 308, 310, noted, 252-253 318 Hitler, Adolph, 59 —arts, on, listed, 109, 237 Hockaday, John M., arts, on, listed, 107, 241 —courthouse, 310 (illus.) 508 Index

Independence Sanitarium, art. on, listed, 355 Indian Creek Settlement, 150 years, 1833-1983, noted, KIRX (radio station), art. on, listed, 350 365-366 KMOX (radio station), art. on, listed, 246 Indians, arts, on, listed, 103, 107, 346, 353, 357 KRXL (radio station), art. on, listed, 350 Insco, Mike, art. on, listed, 348 KTTS-TV (Channel 10), arts, on, listed, 247 Iphan, Don Alphonso, 138 KWTO, Springfield, art. on, listed, 247 Iron County, 189, 283, 290, 292; arts, on, listed, 103, 237, KYTV, Springfield, art. on, listed, 247 346, 482 Kabrich Opera House, art. on, listed, 108 Iron County Historical Society, 219, 466; art. on, listed, Kachulis, Peter, art. on, listed, 350 237 Kallenberger, J.J., obit., 493 Iron Mountain, 188; art. on, listed, 350 Kansas City, Mo., 14, 15, 17-25, 27, 29, 32, 124-126, 131, Ironton, Mo., 184, 189, 277, 289, 290 191, 305, 308, 312, 313, 370, 371, 373-378, 381-384, 387, Irvin, John, 323 390-392, 405, 409; 21, 27, 31, 312, 319 (illus.) Irwin, Ray W., obit., 115 -arts, on, listed, 103, 113, 237, 242, 243, 246, 346, 351, Itschner, Gen. E.C, 263; (illus.) 352, 353, 483, 488 Ivanhoe Masonic Temple, art. on, listed, 108 —businesses, arts, on, listed, 103, 109, 237, 346, 353, 483 —cemeteries, book on, noted, 251 —historic sites, arts, on, listed, 109, 112, 351, 483, 488 Jacks Fork River, 293; book on, noted, 362 Kansas City Area Archivists, 78 Jackson, Col. Albert, 179 Kansas City, Clinton and Springfield Railway, art. on, Jackson, Gov. Clairborne F., 39-43, 46-48, 51, 422, 423, listed, 103 426, 428, 430, 432; 39 (illus.) Kansas City Cyclists Club, 390 Jackson, Col. Congreve, 143 Kansas City Metropolitan Community College, art. on, Jackson County, 133, 136 listed, 352 —arts, on, listed, 111, 114, 243, 245, 346 Kansas City Monarchs: Champions of Black Baseball, —courthouse, Kansas City, 32; 31 (illus.) reviewed, 249-250 Jackson County Historical Society, 219, 466 Kansas City Speedway, art. on, listed, 103 Jackson, G.E., 262 Kansas City Star, 124, 125,127, 129-131, 133, 174; building, Jackson, Hancock, 39, 40, 426 129 (illus.) Jackson, Roscoe "Red," arts, on, listed, 247, 358 Kansas City Times, 124, 125,127, 129 Jackson, Sen. Samuel D., 161 Kansas City Westerners, 88, 220, 331, 467 Jackson, T.J., 134 Kaufman, Nathan, art. on, listed, 357 Jackson, Terron, art. on, listed, 242 Kaufmann, Aloys P., 67, 74 Jacksonport, Ark., 50, 192, 194, 195 Kearny, Gen. Stephen Watts, 35, 138-149, 142; 139 (illus.) James, Frank, arts, on, listed, 108, 347, 351 Keenan, Anne T., 455 James, Jesse, arts, on, listed, 108, 347, 351, 354, 356 Keeth, Nora Whittle, art. on, listed, 355 James Memorial Library, art. on, listed, 112 Keith, Mrs. George, 387 Jamesport, Mo., art. on, listed, 344 Kelly, Edward J., 158, 162-164, 173 Jane, Mo., art. on, listed, 356 Kelly, Emmett Leo, art. on, listed, 489 Jane Clemens Neighbors, 323 KemoH's (restaurant), art. on, listed, 355 Jasper County, arts, on, listed, 101, 114, 344 Kemp, Julia, 79 Jasper County Historical Society, 87, 219, 330, 466 Kemper Family School, art. on, listed, 480 Jefferson City, 34, 37, 40-42, 51, 127, 191, 296, 299, 308, Kemper, Bishop Jackson, art. on, listed, 351 310, 315, 318, 430; 43, 316, 317 (illus.); arts, on, listed, Kemper Junior College, art. on, listed, 243 103, 357 Kennedy, J.C.G., 318 Jefferson County, Pa., 274, 282 Kennedy, William C, art. on, listed, 241 Jefferson National Expansion Memorial, art. on, listed, Kennett, Mo., Dunklin County Museum, inside back cover, July issue; (illus.) 246 Kennett, Younger, art. on, listed, 483 Jefferson, Thomas, Monument, UMC, art. on, listed, 113 Kern House, art. on, listed, 348 Jenkins' Ferry, 53 Kerr, William James, art. on, listed, 492 Jennings Historical Society, 87, 219, 466 Kewpie doll, art. on, listed, 113 Joanna Village, Mo., arts, on, listed, 238, 347 Keyte, James, art. on, listed, 107 Johnson, Pres. Andrew, 446 Keytesville, Mo., art. on, listed, 107 Johnson County, arts, on, listed, 241, 245, 354 Kidd's Chapel Church, art. on, listed, 245 Johnson County Historical Society, 220 Kiel Auditorium, St. Louis, 62, 64 Johnson, J.P., 54; art. on, listed, 105 Kilburn, Samuel, engraving by, 319 (illus.) Johnson, Johnnie, art. on, listed, 491 Kimball, W.W., 397 Johnson, Sen. R.W., 55 Kimberling Bridge, 264 (illus.) Johnson, Richard S., obit., 115 Kimberling City, Mo., art. on, listed, 355 Johnson, Sen. Robert W., 439 Kinderpost, Mo., art. on, listed, 237 Johnson, Waldo P., 51 Kingdom of Callaway Historical Society, 88, 220, 331, 467 Johnson, York, art. on, listed, 113 Kingsley, Thomas, obit., 493 Johnston, Gen. Albert Sidney, 47, 430, 431 Kingsville Baptist Church, art. on, listed, 236 Johnston, John, 17, 20 Kinney, Joseph, art. on, listed, 110 Johnston, T.W., 131; 132 (illus.) Kiowa Indians, 137 Joint Collection, Univ. of Mo. West. Hist. Ms. Coll.-St. Kirksville, Mo., arts, on, listed, 346, 350 Hist. Soc. of Mo. Mss., 76, 128 Kirkwood, Mo., 371; arts, on, listed, 109, 243, 352 Joliet, Louis, art. on, listed, 349 Kirkwood Historical Society, 88, 331, 467 Jolly Mill Park, art. on, listed, 354 Kirkwood, Laura Nelson, 131; 132 (illus.) Jones, Charles "Chuck", The Story of a Small Town Kissee, Jack B., obit., 493 Rotary Club, Club 1381, Fulton, Missouri, noted, 366 Klebba, Mary Ann Crede, St. Joseph Sesquicentennial, Jones, Charles H., 370 1835-1985, Westphalia, Mo., noted, 497 Jones, Harold S., 91; art. on, listed, 354 Knights of Malta, art. on, listed, 113 Jones, Harry, art. on, listed, 492 Knox, John, 405 Jones, John Rice, art. on, listed, 489 Knoxville, Mo., art. on, listed, 490 Jones, Larry, art. on, listed, 353 Koevenig, Marian F., obit., 493 Joplin, Mo., 256, 262, 370, 380, 385, 397-401, 402, 403, 405, Koplar, Harold, art. on, listed, 105 407-412, 417-419; arts, on, listed, 103, 110, 237, 346, 350, Kramer, Gerhardt, 77; inside back cover, Oct. issue 353, 482 Kremer, Joe, art. on, listed, 107 Joplin Globe, 399, 400, 403, 404, 407, 409-413, 417; 408, 410 Kurtz, Charles, 393 (illus.) Joplin High School, art. on, listed, 242 La Brigade a Renault, 88, 220, 331, 468 Joplin Historical Society, 88, 220, 467 Labadie, Mo., art. on, listed, 486 Josephson, Matthew, 169 Laclede County, art. on, listed, 243 Juarez, Benito, 446 Laclede County Historical Society, 88, 220, 468 Index 509

Laclede Rangers, 136, 139 Locust Hill Farm, art. on, listed, 107 Lafayette County, 128, 136; arts, on, listed, 354, 490 Log Cabins, arts, on, listed, 106,110, 345, 347, 354, 490 Lafayette County Historical Society, 88 Logan College of Chiropractic, Chesterfield, art. on, Lafayette Park, art. on, listed, 485 listed, 112 Lafayette Square, art. on, listed, 352 Logan, Sheridan A., 196 LaForge, Robert, art. on, listed, 347 Lombardo's, St. Louis, art. on, listed, 355 Lake Paseo, art. on, listed, 103 Lone Jack, log cabin, art. on, listed, 110 Lake Saint Louis, Mo., Transfiguration Episcopal Church, Lone Star, Mo., art. on, listed, 104 art. on, listed, 351 Lone Star Mill, art. on, listed, 354 Lake Taneycomo, 256; art. on, listed, 354 Long, R.A., arts, on, listed, 487, 488 Lakes Country Private Industry Council, art. on, listed, Longview Chapel, art. on, listed, 487 113 Longview Farm, art. on, listed, 243 Lakeside Park, art. on, listed, 481 Loose Creek, Mo., art. on, listed, 483 Lakey, Simon, family, art. on, listed, 108 Lottery, art. on, listed, 348 Lamar, Mo., 43 Lottes, J. Otto, Library, art. on, listed, 353 Lambert International Airport, St. Louis, art. on, listed, Louisiana, Mo., art. on, listed, 238 112 Louisiana Purchase Exposition, 369, 393 Lampton House, art. on, listed, 235 Lowell Business College, 396 Lance, Donald M., 456 Lowry City First Baptist Church, art. on, listed, 354 Landen, Mrs. E.W., obit., 248 Lubschez, Benjamin, art. on, listed, 242 Landmarks Association of St. Louis, 221, 468 Lundy (Maris) Mill, art. on, listed, 489 Lane, James H., 45 Lyday, Henry A., 41 Lane, Rose Wilder, arts, on, listed, 112, 241 Lyles, Leo, art. on, listed, 246 Langdon, Olivia, 2 Lyon, Gen. Nathaniel, 42, 44; 45 (illus.); art. on, listed, 112 Lankford, Nancy, 453 Larkin, John, Cemetery, art. on, listed, 111 Mc LaRose, Jean Baptiste DeGuire, art. on, listed, 487 McCall, Edith, Conquering the Rivers: Henry Miller Shreve Larson, Sidney, book review by, 360-361 and the Navigation of America's Inland Waterways, Laundry, art. on, listed, 110 noted, 253-254 Law, Homer and Evelyn, 128 McClellan, George, 134 Lawless, Elaine, 456 McCloud, Edward, obit., 248 Lawrence, Kan., 30, 301 McClurg, Gov. John W., 447 Lawrence County Historical Society, 88, 221, 331 McCowen, Mrs. Allan H., 323 Layton, A.S., art. on, listed, 492 McCulloch, Gen. Ben, 43, 44, 54, 429, 430 Lazear, Col. Bazel F., 180 McDaniel, Olin S., obit., 359 League, Mary Catherine Appier, art. on, listed, 107 McDonald, Orlando C, art. on, listed, 487 Leake, Dr. Dorothy, arts, on, listed, 247, 490 McDonald, R.L., 370 Lear, Clyde, A History of the Missouri National Guard McDougall (towboat), art. on, listed, 492 Association: 35 Years of Progress, 1948-1983, Volume McDowell Prison, St. Louis, 192 One, noted, 121 McGirk, Mathias, art. on, listed, 489 Leavenworth, Kan., 299-301 McGowan, Hugh, 373, 374 Lebanon, Mo., 381; arts, on, listed, 483, 490 McHaffie family, art. on, listed, 247 Lee, George R., Culver-Stockton College: The First 130 McHenry, Myra, 128 Years, noted, 251 McKinley Bridge, St. Louis, arts, on, listed, 485, 487 Lee, Gen. Robert E., 134,136, 194, 445 McLaughlin, Lyle, art. on, listed, 244 Leedy, William H., 77 McLevy, Dr. J.H., art. on, listed, 241 Leeper, Capt. William, art. on, 176-195 McMurry, John, 296 Lee s Summit, Mo., cemetery, art. on, listed, 346 McNair, Gov. Alexander, art. on, listed, 111 Lefmann, Wil, art. on, listed, 244 McNeal, Theodore, 61, 63, 66, 67, 70, 72, 74, 75; 70 (illus.) LeGrand, Iola E., arts, on, listed, 109, 243, 352 McNeil Corporation, art. on, listed, 246 Lemaster, Mrs. Geraldine, obit., 493 McNeil, Gen. John, 182, 183; 182 (illus.) Lemons, Minnie Lee, arts, on, listed, 113 McNeil, W.K., The Charm Is Broken: Readings in Arkan­ Lester, Dr. Tom, art. on, listed, 351 sas and Missouri Folklore, noted, 253 LeVan, Ida Elizabeth, 396, 397 McNeill, C.A., 418 Lewis & Clark Expedition, arts, on, listed, 109, 489 McPherson, Elijah Tipton, art. on, listed, 108 Lewis, Col. L.M., 440 McQuidy, Gen. Thomas J., art. on, listed, 483 Lewis, Ralph Otto, obit., 359 McVicker, Maryellen H., 456 Lexington, Mo., 45, 177, 447 McWhiney, Dr. Grady, 456 Lexington Historical Association, 88 Libraries, 160, 310, 312 M -arts, on, listed, 112, 113, 237, 246 Mace, Lee, obit., 359 —St. Louis Medical, art. on, listed, 112 Mackaman, Frank, 78 —University of Missouri-Columbia, arts, on, listed, 246, MacMonnies, Mrs. Mary, 386 353 MacNeil-Lehrer News Hour, 133 —Warren County Historical, inside back cover; Oct. Macon County Historical Society, 221, 332, 468 issue; (illus.) Maddox, Pearl, 68-71, 73 Lieber, Francis, 447 Madison County, arts, on, listed, 236, 481 Lilac Hill (farm), Howard County, art. on, listed, 345 Magers, Mrs. Mae W., obit., 115 Lile, Pink, art. on, listed, 358 Majors, Alexander, Historical Trust, 78 Lillard, Louisa, art. on, listed, 490 Mallory, Arthur, art. on, listed, 356 Lincoln, Pres. Abraham, 42, 192, 193, 442 Malone, Bill, art. on, listed, 247 Lincoln County, art. on, listed, 244 Mansell, Robert & Elizabeth, art. on, listed, 355 Lincoln County Historical and Archeological Society, 331 Mansfield, Mo., art. on, listed, 483 Lindbergh, Charles, art. on, listed, 483 Maramec, Mo., hist, of, art. on, listed, 352 Link, Marilyn, art. on, listed, 356 Marble Hill, Mo., arts, on, listed, 238, 347 Link, Theodore C, art. on, listed, 109 March, David D., 454 Linn, Mo., 127; art. on, listed, 104 March on Washington Movement (MOWM), 59, 61, 62, Linn, Ida, art. on, listed, 492 64-67, 69, 70, 72, 73, 75 Linns Mill, Mo., art. on, listed, 244 Marcy, William, 152 Linton, Dr. Moses Lewis, art. on, listed, 487 Mari-Osa Heritage Society, 332 Lionberger, Bones, 127 Maries County, art. on, listed, 240 Lionberger, Erie, 77 Maries River, art. on, listed, 480 Lionberger, Isaac H., art. on, listed, 351 Marion County Mutual Loan and Building Association, Little Alice Summers (song), art. on, listed, 245 art. on, listed, 482 Little, David, art. on, listed, 110 Maris, Benjamin Lundy, art. on, listed, 489 Little League, art. on, listed, 235 Mark Twain (boats), arts, on, listed, 357 Little Rock, Ark., 51, 56, 180, 193, 263, 435; 436, 437 (illus.) Mark Twain Book, noted, 365 510 Index

Mark Twain Boyhood Home Associates, 323 Miner, Eva, obit., 115 Marks' Mill, Mo., 53 Mineral, Kan., 419 Marling, Karal Ann, Tom Benton and His Drawings: A Mineral Cities Railway Co., art. on, 395-421 Biographical Essay and a Collection of His Sketches, Mining, lead & zinc, art. on, listed, 489 Studies, and Mural Cartoons, reviewed, 360-361 Mink, Charles R., 456; book review by, 249-250 Marmaduke, Gen. John S., 51, 180, 181, 183, 188, 189, 191, Mississippi River, 47, 273, 275, 304, 305, 429, 434; 309 443; 181 (illus.) (illus.); arts, on, listed, 347, 485 Marquette, Jacques, art. on, listed, 349 Mississippi River and Bonne Terre Railroad, art. on, listed, Marshall, Mo., arts, on, listed, 104, 238, 347, 483 481 Marshall, Mr. and Mrs. Elmore, art. on, listed, 348 Mississippi Valley, arts, on, listed, 110, 242 Marshall, Joe B., obit., 359 Missouri Marshall (Texas) Republican, 444 —architecture, art. on, listed, 110 Marshfield United Methodist Church, book on, noted, 118 -arts, on, listed, 241, 246, 347, 350, 355 Martin/Burrus family, art. on, listed, 110 —Capital, art. on, listed, 357 Martin, Ethel M., obit., 493 —Civil War, arts, on, listed, 103, 490 Martin, Jay, 117 —folklore, book on, noted, 253 Martin, Louis, art. on, listed, 354 —Germans, arts, on, listed, 105, 240, 244, 246 Maryville, Mo. —Indians, art. on, listed, 353 -arts, on, listed, 104, 238, 244, 347, 483 —lion hunt, art. on, listed, 239 —Sisters of St. Francis, book on, noted, 254 —mules, art. on, listed, 354 Mascot Mandolin Orchestra, Kansas City, 382 —place names, arts, on, listed, 110, 353 Masonic Hall, Neosho, 46 (illus.) —postmasters, arts, on, listed, 112, 356 Massey, Benjamin F., 36 —Revolutionary War, soldiers in, arts, on, listed, 244, Massey, Ellen Gray, 229; Bittersweet Earth, noted, 364-365 353 Masucci, Jimmy, art. on, listed, 353 —schools, arts, on, listed, 244, 353 Maurer, Joseph J., obit., 248 —Senate Chamber, mural, art. on, listed, 482 Maury, Matthew F., 446 —silk, art. on, listed, 484 Maximilian I, Emperor of Mexico, 446 —slavery, art. on, listed, 488 Maxvill, Dal, art. on, listed, 357 —southern, map of, 289 (illus.) Maxwell, David, art. on, listed, 492 —State Seal, book on, noted, 120-121 Maysville, 387; art. on, listed, 487 —theatres, book on, noted, 120 Meador, W.R., Sr., arts, on, listed, 348, 355 —United Methodist Churches, book on, noted, 252-253 Mechanic's Bank, K.C., 21, 22; 21 (illus.) "Missouri and the Columbian Exposition of 1893," by Medicine, Audrain Co., book on, noted, 366-367 Frank A. Cassell, 369-394; (illus.) Medlin, George, 127 Missouri Archaeological Society, 266 Meeker, Ezra, art. on, listed, 103 Missouri Archives Bulletin A Guide To County Records on Megargel, I.F., 401 Microfilr.., noted, 499 Melton, Emory, 324; "Hanged by the Neck Until Dead": Missouri Baptist Children's Home, arts, on, listed, 358, 492 The Complete story of the only legal hanging in Barry Missouri Botanical Garden, arts, on, listed, 242, 243, 246 County history, noted, 364 Missouri Brigade, 51 Melva, Mo., tornado, art. on, listed, 480 Missouri Committee for the Humanities, 78 Memminger, C.C, 438 Missouri Conference on History, 456 Mendota, Mo., 127 Missouri Conservation Federation of, art. on, listed, 245; Meramec Highlands, art. on, listed, 246 book on, noted, 498 Meramec River, 288 Missouri Court of Appeals, art. on, listed, 243 Meramec Valley, art. on, listed, 246 Missouri Democrat, 425 Mercantile Library, St. Louis, 310, 312 Missouri Department of Natural Resources, 77 Mercer, Joseph, home, art. on, listed, 482 Missouri Div. of Res. & Dev., 262 Merchant's Exchange, St. Louis, 379 Missouri Farmers Association (MFA), art. on, listed, 241 Meredith, James H., art. on, listed, 112 Missouri First Mounted Volunteers, 136 Mermod & Jaccard Jewelry Company, 388 Missouri Folklore Society, 456; hist, of, art. on, listed, 489 Messineo, Peter, art. on, listed, 112 Missouri General Assembly, 40, 45-46, 127, 423, 426, 431, Metropolitan Association for Philanthropy, St. Louis, art. 447 on, listed, 112 Missouri Heritage Trust, 77, 445 Mexican War, 35; art. on, 134-155 Missouri Highway Patrol, art. on, listed, 354 Mexico, Mo., 449; arts, on, listed, 108, 242, 244 Missouri Historical Review, Board of Editors, 454 Meyer, Bob, 78 Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis, 89, 222, 315, 316, Meyer, Duane, arts, on, listed, 353, 356 332, 386, 469; art. on, listed, 351 Meyer, Herrmann Julius, 305-308, 318, 320 Missouri History in Magazines, 107-114, 241-247, 350-358, Meyer, Joseph, art. on, 304-320 487-492 Meyer, Mildred, art. on, listed, 108 Missouri History in Newspapers, 101-106, 235-240, 344- Meyer, Scott, 78, 223 349, 480-486 Meyer's Monatschefte (journal), 307 Missouri History on the Table: 250 Years of Good Cook­ Meyers Universum, 305, 306, 308 ing and Good Eating, by Jean Rissover, noted, 498-499 Michel, Joseph, art. on, listed, 484 Missouri Junior Academy of Science, hist, of, art. on, Mid-Missouri Civil War Round Table, 221, 332, 468 listed, 357 Middletown, Mo., art. on, listed, 238 Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railroad, art. on, listed, 487 Midway Plaisance, Chicago, 383 Missouri Library Association, art. on, listed, 355 Mihalevich, Norma Lee, art. on, listed, 353 Missouri Mansion Preservation, Inc., 323 Miller, Bob, 78 Missouri National Guard Miller, Christian, 297 —arts, on, listed, 106, 241, 244 Miller County, 296; art. on, listed, 345 —Assoc, book on, noted, 121 Miller County Historical Society, 89, 221, 468 Missouri Pacific Railroad, 30; arts, on, listed, 238, 243, 349 Miller, Edgar J., obit., 115 Missouri Press Association (MPA), arts, on, listed, 353 Miller, Mrs. Joseph C, obit., 115 Missouri Rehabilitation Center, art. on, listed, 247 Miller, Mary, 297 Missouri Republican, 448 Miller, Robert E. Missouri River, 19, 30, 34, 45, 135, 177, 191, 304, 305, 308, —"General Mosby M. Parsons: Missouri Secessionist," 313, 317, 318, 320 33-57; (illus.) —arts, on, listed, 105, 108, 111, 240, 246, 344, 349 —" 'One of the Ruling Class' Thomas Caute Reynolds: —towns, art. on, 304-320; (illus.) Second Confederate Governor of Missouri," 422-448; Missouri Southern State College, art. on, listed, 242 (illus.) Missouri State Chest Hospital, art. on, listed, 247 Miller, Tom, 127 Missouri State Guard, 42, 43, 45-48, 177, 451; art. on, listed, Millersville, Mo., art. on, listed, 237 350 Mills, arts, on, listed, 237, 238, 245, 346, 354, 484, 485, 489 Missouri State Highway Commission, 260, 264 Minden, Mo., 403, 411 Missouri State Militia, 179; arts, on, listed, 107, 350 Mine Au Breton Historical Society, 89, 221 Missouri State Museum, 77, 323, 455 Index 511

Missouri Supreme Court, 447; art. on, listed, 489 National Register of Historic Places, 206; art. on, listed, Missouri Volunteers, 35 351 Mitchell, A.W., art. on, listed, 236 Native Sons of Kansas City, 469 Mitchell, Nellie, art. on, listed, 358 Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Church, Belgique, art. Mitchell, Sen. Thomas, 439 on, listed, 110 Mitchell, W.T., 405 Navajo Indians, 35 Moberly, Mo., arts, on, listed, 238, 245 Needmore, Mo., 128 Moberly Area Junior College, arts, on, listed, 489 Neihardt, John G., Corral of the Westerners, 469 Moberly, Col. W.E., art. on, listed, 238 Neiman, Van Lou Criswell, art. on, listed, 108 Modern Woodmen of America, art. on, listed, 488 Nelson House, Kansas City, 26, 32 Moniteau Chapel Methodist Church, art. on, listed, 102 Nelson Memorial United Methodist Church, book on, Moniteau County, art. on, listed, 244 noted, 499-500 Moniteau County Historical Society, 222, 333, 469 Nelson, William Rockhill, 130, 131; 132 (illus.) Monroe City Bank, art. on, listed, 484 Nemaha County, Kan., 126 Monroe County, 1; book on, noted, 497-498 Neosho, Mo., 43, 46, 302, 431 Monroe County Historical Society, 333, 469 —arts, on, listed, 104, 109, 245, 353 Monterrey, Mexico, 57 —Masonic Hall, 46 (illus.) Montgomery County Historical Society, 222 Nevada, Mo., 45; arts, on, listed, 104, 107, 238, 347, 484 Montgomery, Maj. Sam, 185 New Bourbon, Mo., art. on, listed, 348 Moolah Temple Shrine, art. on, listed, 491 New Haven, Mo., arts, on, listed, 244, 355 Moore, Alfred, family, arts, on, listed, 109, 243 New Madrid, Mo., 373, 430; arts, on, listed, 104, 114, 238, Moore, Ellen, 397 484, 491 Moore, Capt. Frank N., art. on, 395-421; 398 (illus.) New Madrid County, art. on, listed, 347 Moore, Guy LeVan, 396 New Madrid Historical Museum, art. on, listed, 485 Moore, Helen, 397 New Madrid Weekly Record (newspaper), arts, on, listed, Moore, Jennie, 396 244,347 Moore, Larry, art. on, listed, 110 New Melle, Mo., arts, on, listed, 111 Moore, May, 397 New Mexico Territory, 140,142 Moore, Mrs. Patti, 371, 378 New Prospect Baptist Church, arts, on, listed, 354, 490 Moore, Percival, 415 New Wells, Mo., art. on, listed, 346 Moore, William F., obit., 115 New York giants (baseball team), art. on, listed, 236 Morgan County, art. on, listed, 488 New York Times, 160, 173 Morgan County Historical Society, 89, 222, 333, 469 New York Tribune, 142, 306 Morin, Jesse, art. on, listed, 348 Newburg, Mo., art. on, listed, 489 Mormons, 133; art. on, listed, 246 Newell, P.J., art. on, listed, 353 Morris, Mrs. Leona, 455 Newspapers, 60, 70, 71, 119, 127, 142, 160, 173, 195, 306, Morrison-Knudson Company, 257, 270, 271 410, 412-416, 419, 424, 425, 442, 444, 448, 451 Morrow, James W., 35 —art. on, 123-133 Morrow, Lynn, 456 —arts, on, listed, 244, 247, 347 Morrow, Miriam W., obit., 248 —Cape Girardeau, art. on, listed, 480 Morss, Samuel, 131; 132 (illus.) —Clinton Eye, art. on, listed, 345 Morton, Thelma, obit., 359 —Hannibal, art. on, listed, 351 Mound Builders, art. on, listed, 490 —Humansville Star-Leader, art. on, listed, 489 Mound City Museum Association, 90 -Joplin Globe, 399, 400, 403, 404, 407, 409-413, 417; Mount Vernon, Mo., arts, on, listed, 108, 247, 352 408, 410 (illus.) Mountain Grove, arts, on, listed, 238, 347 —New Haven Leader, art. on, listed, 244 Muehlebach Hotel, art. on, listed, 483 —Parkville Northland Gazette, art. on, listed, 489 Mules, art. on, listed, 354 —Platte County Gazette, arts, on, listed, 484, 489 Mulligan, Col. James, 177 —Portageville Southeast Missourian, art. on, listed, 348 Municipal Theatre Association, St. Louis, art. on, listed, —Princeton Post-Telegraph, art. on, listed, 244 105 —St. Louis Argus, 60, 64, 71; 63, 66, 72, 74 (illus.) Murchison, Loren, art. on, listed, 485 —St. Louis Missouri Gazette, art. on, listed, 347 Muri, Wayne, art. on, listed, 244 —St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 71, 156 (illus.); art. on, listed, Murphy, Daniel & Johanna, art. on, listed, 243 489 Murrah, Gov. Pendelton, 436 —St. Louis Republic, 370-371, 425 Murray, Philip, 160,169,170 Newton County, arts, on, listed, 349, 354 Murray, Shirley, art. on, listed, 112 Newton County Historical Society, 90, 470 Muschany, Dr. John Baptiste, home, St. Charles County, Newton County Museum, Neosho, arts, on, listed, 110, art. on, listed, 490 245,489 Museums, 456 Newtown, book on, noted, 500 -arts, on, listed, 106, 109, 110, 112, 244, 245, 247, 351, Nickle, Joe, art. on, listed, 347 354 485 489 Nielson, Mrs. Edward, Sr., obit., 248 —Missouri State, 77, 323, 455 Nilles, Mrs. Ada, obit., 359 —series, inside back cover, Oct., Jan., Apr. and July Nixon, Don, obit., 115 issues; (illus.) Noce house, art. on, listed, 482 Music, Country, art. on, listed, 355 Nodaway County, art. on, listed, 345 Music Hall Association, 391 Nodaway County Historical Society, 90, 223 Mutton Hollow, art. on, listed, 245 Noisworthy, Van, art. on, listed, 485 Mutual Musicians Foundation, art. on, listed, 490 Nolte, William, art. on, listed, 110 Myers, Hazel, 335 Norfork Dam, 255, 257 Myrdal, Gunnar, 58, 59 Norman family, art. on, listed, 243 Norman, Jones, family, art. on, listed, 247 N Norman, Reuben, art. on, listed, 491 NAACP, 59, 61, 63, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75 Normandy, Mo., art. on, listed, 245 Nangle, Mrs. James F., obit., 115 Normandy Area Historical Association, 334 Napton, Mo., art. on, listed 111 North Missouri Railroad, 37 Nash, Mrs. Wade L., 323 Northeast Missouri State University, arts, on, listed, 353, Nathan Boone, the neglected hero, by Carole Bills, noted, 356 118-119 Northern Missouri Railroad, art. on, listed, 481 Nation, Carry A., 128, 133; art. on, listed, 108 "Nothing Seemed Impossible: Frank N. Moore and the Mineral Cities Railway," by Robert E. Smith, 395-421; National Archives, 195 (illus.) National Association of Postmasters of United States, arts. on, listed, 112, 356 O National Council for Negro Women, 60 Oak Grove School, arts, on, listed, 235, 358 National Museum of Transport, art. on, listed, 109 Oak Ridge, Mo., art. on, listed, 237 National Park Service, 266, 267 O'Brien, Pat, 213 512 Index

Oceanus (steamboat), art. on, listed, 485 —Forest, St. Louis, 370, 394, 423; art. on, listed, 352 O'Fallon, Mo., arts, on, listed, 110 -Jackson, Chicago, 376, 379, 381, 383, 388, 391, 394 O'Fallon Historical Society, 90, 223, 334, 470 —Jolly Mill, art. on, listed, 354 O'Hare, Kate Richards, art. on, listed, 108 —Lafayette, St. Louis, art. on, listed, 485 Old Appleton, Mo., arts, on, listed, 346 —Lakeside, art. on, listed, 481 Old Appleton Bridge Restoration Committee, 455 —Tuxedo, Webster Groves, art. on, listed, 113 Old Drum (dog), art. on, listed, 244 Parkville, Mo., arts, on, listed, 483, 484 Old Mines Area Historical Society, 223, 470 Parkville Northland Gazette, art. on, listed, 489 Old Monroe, Schacher's Store, art. on, listed, 486 Parkwood School, Joplin, art. on, listed, 242 Old Rock House, art. on, listed, 108 Parnell, Mo., art. on, listed, 482 Old Trails Historical Society, 90, 223, 334, 470 Parrish, William E., 424 Olden, Mo., 384 Parry, Mrs. Mary Banks, 197 Olivet Presbyterian Church, Eagle Fork, art. on, listed, Parsons, Kan., 418 490 Parsons, Adolph Gustavus, 34 Olson, Dr. James C, 196 Parsons, Gen. Mosby M., 426; art. on, 33-37; (illus.) Olympics, 1904, art. on, listed, 353 Parsons, Patience Monroe, 34 Omaha, Neb., 299 Patterson, Mo., 180, 182,188, 193 One Hundred Years of Huckleberry Finn: The Boy, His Patton, Mo., art. on, listed, 346 Book and American Culture, by Robert Sattelmeyer Pauley, Edwin C, 158, 162-165 and J. Donald Crowley, reviewed, 116-117 Paw Paw Militia, art. on, listed, 350 " 'One of the Ruling Class' Thomas Caute Reynolds: Sec­ Payton, Robert L.Y., 41, 42 ond Confederate Governor of Missouri," by Robert E. Pearl Harbor, 60 Miller, 422-448; (illus.) Peck, Mrs. Helen A., 371 O'Neill, Paul, art. on, listed, 109 Peck, John Mason, 308, 310, 312, 313 Order No. 11 (painting), art. on, listed, 482 Pederson, Sharon, 456 Order No. 11, Civil War, art. on, listed, 355 Pelster housebarn, art. on, listed, 109 Oregon County, 48, 292; caves, art. on, listed, 109 Pemiscot County Historical Society, 90, 223-224, 335, 471 Oregon Trail, art. on, listed, 108 Pendergast, T.J., 131 O'Reilly Automotive, arts, on, listed, 113 Pennsylvania Tax Commission, 421 Orianna (trolley), 395 (illus.) Pepmiller, Earl, 456 Orphan Trains, art. on, listed, 106 Perry County, arts, on, listed, 104, 110, 238, 239, 348, 351, Orr, Sample, 40 354, 484, 490 Osage County, 127; arts, on, listed, 104, 346, .354, 483 Perry County Historical Society, 335, 471 Osage County Historical Society, 334, 470 Perry, Edward W., hanging of, art. on, listed, 488 Oster, Donald B., 456; " 'Few Men But Many Widows Pershing, Gen. John J., art. on, listed, 351 . . .': The Daniel Fogle Letters August 8-September 4, Pet Milk Company, art. on, listed, 489 1867," 273-303; (illus.) Peterson, A.D., obit., 359 Our Lady of the Ozarks, Carthage, art. on, listed, 344 Pete's Candyland, art. on, listed, 350 Our Own Little Town: Newtown, Missouri, 1858-1983, Petree, C.E., obit., 115 noted, 500 Peyton, Sen. R.L.Y., 439 Our Story: The People of the Diocese of Jefferson City, Phelan, William C, arts, on, listed, 110, 354, 490 1956-1984, noted, 119 Phelps County, 279, 280 Outlaws, arts, on, listed, 103, 108, 110, 246, 347, 351, 354, Phelps County Museum, inside back cover, Jan. issue; 356,486 (illus.) Overall, Wilson, art. on, listed, 355 Phelps, Mrs. John, 378 Overby, Osmund, 78 Phelps, John S., 44 Owen, Ada Campbell, art. on, listed, 488 Photography, hist, of, art. on, listed, 351 Owen, Juliette, art. on, listed, 353 Piasa Bird, legend, art. on, listed, 241 Owen, Luella, art. on, listed, 353 Picher, O.H., 370, 409 Owen, Mary Alicia, art. on, listed, 353 Pickle, Dr. Linda S., 199; 197 (illus.) Ozark, Mo., arts, on, listed, 352 Pierce City Baptist Church, art. on, listed, 105 Ozark Airlines, art. on, listed, 242 Pierpont, Edward, 447 Ozark Beach, art. on, listed, 490 Pigman Ranch, art. on, listed, 358 Ozark Belles, art. on, listed, 356 Pike County, arts, on, listed, 235, 346, 480 Ozark County, 288, 292; arts, on, listed, 485, 488 Pike County Historical Society, 91, 224, 335, 471 Ozark Electric Cooperative, Inc., Mt. Vernon, art. on, Pike, Daniel W., art. on, listed, 103 listed, 108 Pike, Leslie Francis, 81; Indian Creek Settlement, 150 Ozark Mountains, 283 years, 1833-1983, noted, 265 Ozark Playgrounds Association, 262 Pilant, William Richard, art. on, listed, 245 Ozark Power and Water Company, 256 Pilcher, Mary Threlkeld, Growing Up On a Farm in Ozark Society, art. on, listed, 354 Missouri, noted, 497-498 Ozark Wesleyan College, art. on, listed, 344 Pilot Knob, Mo., 182, 184, 186, 188, 189, 191, 279, 283, 385; Ozarks, 130, 267, 271; arts, on, listed, 102, 110, 245, 349, 184, 190, 279 (illus.); church, art. on, listed, 237 352, 354, 356, 358, 490, 491, 492 Pinchot, Gov. Gifford, 421 Pioneer, Mo., 397 Pittman's Ferry, Ark., 180, 185 Pabst Brewing Company, Milwaukee, 388, 389 Pitts, Fannie, 65 Pace, Isaac, art. on, listed, 245 Pittsburg, Kan., 403-406, 411-416 Pacific Railroad, 37, 42 Pittsburg Electric Railway, 416-419 Painter, Jacob, art. on, listed, 358 Pittsburg Headlight, 413, 415, 419 Palmer, Mrs. Bertha, 372 Pittsburg Railway Company, 414, 415 Palmetto, Mo., art. on, listed, 112 Pittsburgh, Binghamton and Eastern Railroad, 399 Palmyra, Mo., arts, on, listed, 104, 109, 347, 356 Pittsburgh Courier, 60 Palmyra Heritage Seekers, 90, 334, 471 Platte City, Mo., 373 Palo Alto, Cal., 135, 153 Platte County, 136; arts, on, listed, 111, 348, 354, 490 Pancakes, Aunt Martha's, art. on, listed, 491 Platte County Gazette (newspaper), arts, on, listed, 484, Pansy, Mo., art. on, listed, 108 489 Pappas, Bette and Ted, house, art. on, listed, 111 Platte County Historical Society, 91, 224, 335, 471 Parent-Teachers Association, Branson, art. on, listed, 354 Plattin, Mo., train, art. on, listed, 481 Parham, Mrs. Sallie, 63 (illus.) Plattsburg Mineral Springs, art. on, listed, 106 Paris Union Lodge No. 19, art. on, listed, 351 Pleasant Hill, Mo., 299 Parker, Bonnie, art. on, listed, 110 Pleasant Hill Historical Society, 91, 224, 335 Parker, Isaac Charles, art. on, listed, 483 Pletch, Ernest, art. on, listed, 485 Parker, James W., art. on, listed, 114 Plowed Ground, Kan., 133 Parker, Oliver, 449, 450 Plummer Family Country Music Show, art. on, listed, 354 Parks Pocahantis, 295 —Electric, K.C, art. on, listed, 237 Pocahontas, Ark., 48, 185, 186 Index 513

Pocahontas, Mo., art. on, listed, 237 Regional Commerce and Growth Association (RCGA), St. Pohl, Walter H., obit., 359 Louis, art. on, listed, 112 Poison Spring, Mo., 53 Reid, George, art. on, listed, 481 Politics, art. on, 156-175 Reilly, Dr. Timothy F., 452 Polk County, art. on, listed, 235 Renfrow family, art. on, listed, 358 Polk, Pres. James K., 137, 142, 152, 155 Renick, Mo., art. on, listed, 110 Polk, Trusten, 36, 441 Repper, Lynn Gastineau, art. on, listed, 356 Pontiac, Mo., art. on, listed, 245 Reves, Capt. Timothy, art. on, 176-195 Pony Express Historical Association, 471 Revolutionary War, soldiers in Missouri, arts, on, listed, Poplar Bluff, Mo., 181, 185, 187, 188; art. on, listed, 105 111,244,353 Port Isabel, 155 Reynolds County, log cabin, art. on, listed, 354 Portageville Southeast Missourian (newspaper), art. on, Reynolds, Eliza, 424 listed, 348 Reynolds, George Norton, 424 Post Offices, arts, on, listed, 102, 112, 236, .346, 355? 356, Reynolds, Gen. J.J., 193 483, 485 Reynolds, Thomas Caute, 40, 41, 51, 56; art. on, 422-448; Postmasters, arts, on, listed, 112, 356 422 (illus.) Pound Construction Company, Chicago, 405 Rhodes family, art. on, listed, 347 Pound, Nicholas D., 405 Rhodes Scholars, Westminster College, art. on, listed, 492 Powe, Mo., art. on, listed, 350 Rice, E.L., obit., 493 Powers, Helen, 387 Rice Shelter, Mo., 266 Powersite Dam, 256 Richardson, Pvt. William H., 146, 150 Prairie, Audrain Co., art. on, listed, 104 Richmond, Mo., 47, 133; arts, on, listed, 105, 239 Prairie Grove, Ark., 48, 57 Richmond, Va., 48, 49, 424, 430-434, 441 President (excursion boat), art. on, listed, 113 Ridings, M.O., family, art. on, listed, 244 Price, A.M., 197 Rifle, J. Albright, art. on, listed, 489 Price Place, Ark., art. on, listed, 245 Rigdon, Sidney, art. on, listed, 355 Price, Col. Sam, 408, 409 Rindisbacher, Peter, art. on, listed, 242 Price, Gen. Sterling, 30, 41-46, 48-51, 53-56, 144, 177, 179, Rinne, Lt. William, 193 183, 188, 189, 422, 423, 428, 430, 432, 435, 437-445; 50, Ripley County, 177, 184, 186 188, 438 (illus.) Rippey, George W., 18, 22, 24 Priddy, Bob, 81, 196 Rippey, Matthew, 18-20, 27-29 Primm, Dr. J. Neal, 453 Rippey, S.L., 18, 24-25 Princeton Post-Telegraph, art. on, listed, 244 Rissover, Jean, Missouri History on the Table: 250 Years Progress of the Republic, 318; 319 (illus.) of Good Cooking and Good Eating, noted, 498-499 Protiva, Harold, art. on, listed, 353 Rivers, 42, 51-54, 140, 150, 179, 183, 191, 194, 275, 288, 302 Pulaski County, 381 -Black, 183, 185, 186, 188,193 Pulitzer, Joseph, Jr., art. on, listed, 489 —Current, 180, 181, 292, 293; book on, noted, 362 Pulitzer, Joseph, II, 72-74 —Jacks Fork, 293: book on, noted, 362 Punxsutawney, Pa., 297 —Maries, art. on, listed, 480 Purves, Lloyd, art. on, listed, 356 —Mississippi, 47, 155, 273, 275, 313, 429, 434; arts, on, Purvis, Mo., P.O., art. on, listed, 483 listed, 242, 347, 481, 485 Putnam County, 127 —Missouri River, 19, 30, 34, 45, 135, 177, 191, 304, 305, Putnam County Historical Society, 472 308, 313, 317, 318, 320; arts, on, listed, 105, 240, 246, Pyle, Dr. Elliot, art. on, listed, 480 344 349 —Spring, 407, 415, 418 -White, 51, 255-257, 266, 267, 271; 256 (illus.); art. on, Quantrill, William C, 30, 437 listed, 344 Queen City, Mo., art. on, listed, 237 Riverton, Mo., art. on, listed, 358 Quitman, Mo., arts, on, listed, 104, 483 Roads, Mo., art. on, listed, 347 Roanoke, Mo., 445, 447 R Robbins, Maj. Josephus, 185 Ragtime music, art. on, listed, 113 Roberts, Roy, 131 Railroads, 31, 37, 42, 303, 399, 450 Robidoux Creek, Mo., 297 —electric, art. on, 395-421; (illus.) Robidoux Hotel, St. Joseph, 194 —Frisco, depot, arts, on, listed, 110, 345 Rocheport Railroad Company, 450 —Kansas City, Clinton and Springfield, art. on, listed, Rock Hill, Mo., art. on, listed, 353 103 Rock House, St. Louis, art. on, listed, 243 —Mississippi River and Bonne Terre, art. on, listed, 481 Rock Port, Mo., art. on, listed, 239 —Missouri, Kansas and Texas, art. on, listed, 487 Rockhouse Cave, art. on, listed, 243 -Missouri Pacific, 30; arts, on, listed, 238, 243, 349 Roe, Mo., art. on, listed, 488 —Northern Missouri, art. on, listed, 481 Rogers, A.H., 396, 406, 407, 410-412, 417, 420, 421; 417 —St. Francois County, art. on, listed, 102 (illus.) —Tri-State Mineral District, art. on, 395-421; (illus.) Rogers, Col. J.B., 186, 193 Rains, Gen. James S., 44 Rohan, Mrs. Helen Towles, and Rohan Woods School, art. Ralls County Historical Society, 91, 335 on, listed, 105 Ramsey, Charles K., art. on, listed, 24,3 Rolla, Mo., 45, 48, 182, 189, 279-281, 391; arts, on, listed, Randolph, A. Phillip, 59-68, 75; 63 (illus.) 110, 348 Randolph County, historic sites, art. on, listed, 245 Rollins, Anthony W., 450 Randolph County Historical Society, 224 Roosevelt, Eleanor, 163, 175 Rat, Mo., post office, art. on, listed, 112 Roosevelt, Pres. Franklin D., 60, 64; art. on, 156-175; 172 Raton Pass, 140 (illus.) Ravens wood (home), art. on, listed, 353 Roosevelt, Franklin D., Library, 168 Rawlings, R.C, 418, 419 Roper's, Charles, Bakery, Ozark, art. on, listed, 352 Ray County, arts, on, listed, 111, 348, 353, 490 Rose Barge Line, art. on, listed, 492 Ray County Historical Society, 91, 224, 335, 472; art. on, Rosecrans, Gen. William Starke, 192; art. on, listed, 242 listed, 246 Rosedale, Mo., art. on, listed, 235 Ray, S.J., cartoon by, 174 (illus.) Rosenman, Samuel I., 159, 160; 159 (illus.) Rayburn, Sam, 163, 164 Rossi, Father, art. on, listed, 351 Rotary Club, Fulton, book on, noted, 366 Raytown Historical Society, 91, 224, 335, 472 Roubidoux Post Office, Texas County, 297 Reagan family, art. on, listed, 482 Round Top School, art. on, listed, 487 Reagan, Pres. Ronald, 127, 128 Rowland, Perlee, art. on, listed, 354 Recker, L.H. & Virginia, art. on, listed, 244 Rubey, Harry, obit., 248 Red River, 51-52 Rumsey, Bill, art. on, listed, 486 Red Rover (hospital boat), art. on, listed, 242 Rural Electrification Administration, art. on, listed, 111 Reesman, Dale, 196 Russell, Mrs. J., 378 Regan, John K., art. on, listed, 112 Russians, immigration, art. on, listed, 481 514 Index

Ruxton, Lt. George, 144, 146 St. Louis World's Fair, art. on, listed, 488 Ryle, Walter Harrington, art. on, listed, 350 St. Louis Zoo, art. on, listed, 246 St. Patrick, Mo., art. on, listed, 480 St. St. Peter's Church, art. on, listed, 237 Saint Alexander Catholic Church Parish, Belle, art. on, St. Stanislaus Seminary, art. on, listed, 487 listed, 104 St. Thomas Romanian Orthodox Church, art. on, listed, St. Charles, Mo., 308, 310, 313; 309 (illus.); arts, on, listed, 105 109,490 St. Vincent de Paul Catholic Parish, art. on, listed, 480 St. Charles College, St. Charles, 34 Sts. Peter and Paul Catholic Church, art. on, listed, 247 St. Charles County, arts, on, listed, 241, 242, 490 St. Charles County Historical Society, 92, 225 St. Clair County, arts, on, listed, 243, 245, 354 Sabe, Rulo, art. on, listed, 241 St. de Chantal Academy of the Visitation, art. on, listed, Sager, Eric, 79, 211 247 Saint, see St. St. Elizabeth's Hospital, Hannibal, art. on, listed, 102 Salaway, Rev. A.P., 285 St. Ferdinand Shrine, Florissant, art. on, listed, 349 Salem, Mo., 288-290 St. Ferdinand's Catholic Church, Florissant, art. on, listed, Salem Congregation United Church of Christ, hist, of, art. 485 on, listed, 490 St. Francis River, 179, 183 Saline County, 136 St. Francisville, Mo., 179 -arts, on, listed, 111, 243, 245, 354, 488, 490 St. Francois County, arts, on, listed, 102, 481 —book on, noted, 118 St. Francois County Electric Railroad Company, art. on, Saline County Historical Society, 92, 473; History of Saline listed, 102 County, Missouri, 1983, noted, 118 St. Francois County Historical Society, 92, 225, 335, 472 Salisbury, Mo., art. on, listed, 349 Ste. Genevieve, Mo. Saluda (steamboat), art. on, listed, 246 —arts, on, listed, 108, 109, 242 Sanders, Mrs. Dorothy R., obit., 359 —book on, reviewed, 494-496 Sandy, Wilda, Here Lies Kansas City: A collection of our —church, art. on, listed, 239 city's notables and their final resting places, noted, 251 St. George Hotel, art. on, listed, 483 Santa Fe, New Mexico, 140-144; 141 (illus.) St. George's Episcopal Church, 448 Santa Fe Railroad, 303 St. James, James Memorial Library, art. on, listed, 112 Santa Fe Trail, 137; arts, on, listed, 245, 354 St. John United Church of Christ, Emma, art. on, listed, Sappington, Mo., art. on, listed, 355 236 Sappington, Dr. John, art. on, listed, 351 St. John's Lutheran Church, Corning, arts, on, listed, 102, Sattelmeyer, Robert, One Hundred Years of Huckleberry 105 Finn: The Boy, His Book, and American Culture, re­ St. John's Regional Health Center, Springfield, art. on, viewed, 116-117 listed, 356 Sattlerlee, George, art. on, listed, 489 St. John's United Church of Christ, Chamois, arts, on, Saunders, Romulus M., 424 listed, 104, 237 Scammon, Kan., 411, 414-416, 418 St. Joseph, Mo., 19, 41, 194, 305, 308, 312, 318, 370, 375, Scarlett, Bishop William, 67; 68 (illus.) 378, 379, 381, 387, 388, 392; 311 (illus.); arts, on, listed, Schacher's Store, art. on, listed, 486 105, 109, 239, 348, 485 Schmitt, Otto and Viola, art. on, listed, 357 St. Joseph Catholic Parish, Westphalia Schneider, Dr. Erwin H., obit., 248 —art. on, listed, 104 Schoendienst, Albert Red, art. on, listed, 487 —book on, noted, 497 Schofield, Gen. John M., 48 St. Joseph Health Center, art. on, listed, 490 Schofield, William H., 302, 303 St. Joseph Historical Society, 336, 472 School Days: Histories of the Schools of Howard County, St. Joseph Sesquicentennial, 1835-1985, Westphalia, Mo., Missouri, by Howard County Homemaker Extension by Mary Ann Crede Klebba, noted, 497 Clubs, noted, 252 St. Joseph State Hospital, psychiatric museum, art. on, School of the Ozarks listed, 244 —art. on, listed, 245 St. Louis, 14-20, 22, 24, 27, 29-31, 35, 37, 126, 136, 155, 163, —book on, noted, 363 184, 191, 192, 276, 277, 282, 290, 305, 308, 310, 312, 313, Schools, 34, 59, 71, 123-125, 128, 130, 131, 135, 266, 267, 315, 369-371, 373-376, 378, 379, 381, 382, 384-390, 391, 274, 275, 302, 391-393, 396, 424, 447, 450, 451, 455 393, 394, 409, 412, 423, 424, 425, 427, 428, 447, 448; 277, —arts, on, listed, 110, 112, 353 309, 314, 315, 385, 427 (illus.) —colleges, arts, on, listed, 112, 242, 243, 344, 345, 348, —apartments, arts, on, listed, 488, 491 352, 356, 489, 492 —architects, arts, on, listed, 109, 243, 352, 488 —colleges, books on, noted, 251, 363 —art. on, 58-75; (illus.) —medical, arts, on, listed, 112, 488 -arts, on, listed, 107, 111, 113, 239, 246, 247, 349, 355, —private, arts, on, listed, 105, 109, 243, 247, 344, 352, 356, 357, 485, 487, 491 356,480 —businesses, arts, on, listed, 105, 112, 246, 351, 355, 491 —public, arts, on, listed, 103,104, 113, 235, 238, 239, 240, —Camp Jackson, 428; art. on, listed, 112 241, 242, 245, 354, 358, 480, 481, 485, 487, 488 —cemeteries, arts, on, listed, 485, 487 —seminaries, arts, on, listed, 113, 487 —fur trade, art. on, listed, 351 —singing, art. on, listed, 354 —neighborhoods, arts, on, listed, 247, 352, 356, 488, 491 —Springfield, arts, on, listed, 113, 356 —parks, arts, on, listed, 352, 485 —state, for handicapped, art. on, listed, 244 —public buildings, arts, on, listed, 246, 247, 485 —universities, arts, on, listed, 110, 113, 245, 246, 349, —Rock House, arts, on, listed, 108, 243 352, 353, 356, 357, 488, 489, 491 —streets, art. on, listed, 485 Schowengerdt, Neal and Margaret, inside back cover, —strike, 1877, art. on, listed, 352 Oct. issue —suburbs, arts, on, listed, 246, 355 Schrock, Peggy E., "The A.B. Cross Lumber Company, —theaters, arts, on, listed, 105, 112 1858-1871," 14-31; (illus.) —Union Station, 59; arts, on, listed, 108, 109, 242, 246, Schuble, Sue, art. on, listed, 112 247 Schuchard, Oliver, Two Ozark Rivers, the Current and St. Louis Artists' Guild, art. on, listed, 491 the Jacks Fork, noted, 362 St. Louis Browns, arts, on, listed, 491 Schulman, Robert, 117 St. Louis Cardinals, arts, on, listed, 111, 112, 357 Schumacher, Mrs. Gladys, obit., 248 St. Louis County, 378, 381, 387, 423, 447; arts, on, listed, Schuyler County Historical Society, 92, 225, 336, 473 246 Schwerdiman, Robert C, obit., 115 St. Louis Missouri Gazette, art. on, listed, 347 Scorah, Mrs. R.L., obit., 248 St. Louis Post-Dispatch, art. on, listed, 489 Scotland County, Camp Ground Church, art. on, listed, St. Louis Republic, 370-371 St. Louis Science Center, art. on, listed, 491 104 St. Louis Shipbuilding and Steel, 73 Scotland County Historical Society, 92, 225, 473 St. Louis University, 59, 71 Scott, Annabelle, art. on, listed, 358 St. Louis Westerners, 92, 225, 336, 472 Scott City, log cabin, art. on, listed, 106 Index 515

Scott County Sosnieckis, Joseph and Helen, art. on, listed, 489 —arts, on, listed, 349, 491 Soulard neighborhood, St. Louis, arts, on, listed, 247, 356, —hist, of, book on, noted, 121-122 491 Scott County Historical Society, 92, 225, 336, 473 South Central Mo. Highway Assoc, 262, 265 Scott, Paul, art. on, listed, 110 South East Missouri Civil War Round Table, 93, 226, 336, Scott, Winfield, 136 474 Scottish Rite, art. on, listed, 491 South Side Day Nursery, art. on, listed, 491 Seaton, Richard A., History of the United Methodist Southard, Mo., art. on, listed, 109 Churches of Missouri, noted, 252-553 Southard, Glenis, art. on, listed, 240 Second Arkansas Cavalry, 193 Southeast Missouri Street Railroad, 396 Sedalia, Mo., 373, 391; art. on, listed, 105 Southern Hotel, art. on, listed, 351 Sedgewickville, Mo., art. on, listed, 237 Southwest Baptist Univ., art. on, listed, 110 Sellars, Dr. Richard W., 453 Southwest Missouri Electric Railroad, 395, 396, 398, 402, Settle, Garner, art. on, listed, 246 403, 406, 407, 409-412, 414, 417, 420, 421; 395, 417, 420 Sever, H.E., Memorial Library, art. on, listed, 237 (illus.) Sexton Hotel, art. on, listed, 237 Southwest Mo. State Univ., arts, on, listed, 491 Shackelford, Earl, art. on, listed, 353 Southwestern Bell, St. Louis, 65 Shamrock cachet stamp, art. on, listed, 480 Spainhower, John, art. on, listed, 353 Shannon County, 292; art. on, listed, 491 Spanish Land Grant, art. on, listed, 110 Sharps family, art. on, listed, 105 Sparks, Mrs. J.P., 378 Shattuck, L.E., 391 Spencer, James Lewis, obit., 493 Shauwecker House, art. on, listed, 346 Sporfing News, art. on, listed, 491 Shaw, Henry, art. on, listed, 242 Sprague, Heloise Marie, 424 Shawneetown, Mo., art. on, listed, 346 Spring River, 407, 415, 418 Shearer, Andrew, 415 Spring River Academy, arts, on, listed, 109, 243, 352 Shelby County, art. on, listed, 105 Spring River Power Company, 415 Shelby County Historical Society, 93, 239, 473 Springfield, Mo., 43, 44, 177, 256, 302, 375, 378, 395; arts. Shelby, Gen. Joseph O., 57, 182, 183, 187, 188, 191, 193, on, listed, 112, 113, 247, 356, 491, 492 443-445; 188, 445 (illus.) Springs beget caves, art. on, listed, 354 Shell City, Mo., 126 Spruill, Dr. Archibald Bigbie, art. on, listed, 488 Shell Knob, Mo., 260, 262, 263, 265 Stanberry, Mo., 391 Shepard, Linda, 410 Standish, Col. Austin, 56 "Shepherd of the Hills" (drama), art. on, listed, 245 Standish, Mildred, 56, 57 Sherman, William Tecumseh, art. on, listed, 351 Stark, Gov. Lloyd C, 163 Shipman, Capt. S.V., 183 Starr, Belle, art. on, listed, 110 Shippee, James Mett, art. on, listed, 243 State Historical Society of Missouri, 2, 449, 451, 453, 455; Shirley, Myra Bell, art. on, listed, 110 Annual Meeting, 196-201; (illus.) Short, Dewey, 262, 265, 267-269; 259, 263, 269 (illus.); State Horticulture Society, Missouri, 376 book on, noted, 367 Steamboats, arts, on, listed, 108, 246, 344, 357, 480, 485 Short, Ellis, art. on, listed, 482 Steele, Gen. Frederick, 52-54 Shreve, Capt. Henry Miller Steelville, Mo., art. on, listed, 345 —art. on, listed, 247 Steinberg, Franz U., art. on, listed, 488 —book on, noted, 253-254 Stenz, George C, 306 Shreveport, Louisiana, 33, 51, 54-57, 433, 443-445 Stephan, John F., obit., 493 Shrum, Edison, The History of Scott County, Missouri Up Stephens, Alexander H., 433 To The Year 1880, noted, 121-122 Stephens, Amelia Hockaday, 449, 450; 449 (illus.) Shumate family, art. on, listed, 112 Stephens, Anna, 450 Sigel, Col. Franz, 43 Stephens College, arts, on, listed, 356, 492 Sikeston, Mo., arts, on, listed, 106, 239 Stephens, Mrs. E. Sydney, 449 Simmons, John "Hi", art. on, listed, 353 Stephens, Edwin, 450 Simon, Harold C, & Co., art. on, listed, 245 Stephens, Elijah, 449 Singleton, Mary Eliza Barr, 449, 451; (illus.) Stephens, James Leachman, 449, 450; 449 (illus.) Singleton, Middleton Glaze, 451 Stephens, Martha Renfro, 449 Sintz, Edith Rudicil, art. on, listed, 482 Stern family, art. on, listed, 351 Siren's Palace, art. on, listed, 350 Stet, Mo., art. on, listed, 347 Sisters of Mercy, art. on, listed, 356 Stever, George, art. on, listed, 490 Sisters of St. Francis, book on, noted, 254 Stewartsville, Mo., arts, on, listed, 107, 487 Sites, John P., art. on, listed, 242 Still, Andrew Taylor, art. on, listed, 237 Skiff, Frederick, 393 Stippville, Kan., 419 Slater, Mo., arts, on, listed, 245, 354 Stoddard County, arts, on, listed 236, 344, 345 Slaughter, Enos, art. on, listed, 112 Stone County, 256, 258, 262, 263; arts, on, listed, 245, 247, Slavens, Ralph, art. on, listed, 491 358 Smelter Hill, Mo., 405, 406 Stone, Seer, art. on, listed, 111 Smick, Mrs. Caroline B., obit., 115 Stone, Gov. William, 381-383 Smith, Mrs. Amanda, obit., 359 Story of a Small Town Rotary Club, Club 1381, Fulton, Smith, Charles A., art. on, listed, 351 Missouri, noted, 366 Smith, Gen. E. Kirby, 49, 52, 54, 55, 423, 433, 435, 441, 443, Stover, Mo., art. on, listed, 240 444, 446; 54 (illus.) Strawhun, Samuel A., art. on, listed, 110 Smith, Earl, art. on, listed, 247 Streck, Col. Edwin P., obit., 248 Smith family, arts, on, listed, 245, 354 Streetcar, Hannibal, art. on, listed, 102 Smith, Capt. James, 193 Streetcars, art. on, 395-421 Smith, Joseph, III, art. on, listed, 246 Stretz, Leonard R., obit., 248 Smith, Lee C, obit., 359 Stickland, Dr. Arvarh E., 196, 454 Smith, Peter, 194 Strike, 1877, art. on, listed, 352 Smith, Robert E., "Nothing Seemed Impossible: Frank N. Sturgis, Gen. Samuel D., 44, 45 Moore and the Mineral Cities Railway," 395-421; (illus.) Sugar Creek, Mo., art. on, listed, 489 Smith, Wallace Herndon, art. on, listed, 243 Sullens, Denver, art. on, listed, 484 Smith, Willard A., 393 Sullivan County Historical Society, 226 Smithville High School, art. on, listed, 239 Sullivan, John, obit., 248 Smoky Hill Railway and Historical Society, 92, 339,473 Sullivan, Julia, art. on, listed, 491 Snead, Thomas L., 423, 431, 435, 441 Summers, Dr. Joseph, 78 Snow house, Ste warts ville, art. on, listed, 107 Sunset Hills, Mo., art. on, listed, 355 Socolfsky, Dr. Homer E., 452-453 Supreme Court of Mo. Hist. Society, 76 Soldan, Adolph John, art. on, listed, 487 Sutherland, Mo., art. on, listed, 487 Somerville, Ronald Lee, obit., 493 Swart, Mrs. Annie L.Y., 371 Sons and Daughters of the Blue and Gray Civil War Swasey, William Albert, art. on, listed, 352 Round Table, 93, 336, 474 Swift & Co., Kansas City, art. on, listed, 346 516 Index

Swift, Larry, art. on, listed, 353 Twain, Mark Symington, Sen. Stuart, 262, 263 (illus.) —Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, art. on, 1-13; (illus.); book on, reviewed, 116-117 -arts, on, listed, 108, 109, 113, 236, 240, 241, 351 Table Rock Booster's Association, 269-271 —book on, noted, 365 Table Rock Dam, art. on, 255-272; 255, 258, 261, 271 —Life on the Mississippi, Benton illustrations, front (illus.) covers, Oct., Jan., Apr. and July issues (illus.) Taft, Robert, 318 Twitty, Lynn, art. on, listed, 353 Taille de Noyer, art. on, listed, 349 Two Ozark Rivers, the Current and the Jacks Fork, noted, Talbert, William Edward, art. on, listed, 246 362 Talbots, art. on, listed, 483 Tyler (gunboat), 50 Taney County, 256, 267, 271; arts, on, listed, 245, 344, 480 Tyler, Col. J.F., 186 Taussig, James, 425 Taylor, Marvin E., art. on, listed, 490 U Taylor, Rachael, 18, 20 Ulmer, Ernst, 78 Taylor, Gen. Richard, 52 Umbach, Paul W., art. on, listed, 107 Taylor, William E., Jr., 25, 26, 30 Union, Mo., art. on, listed, 486 Taylor, Gen. Zachary, 35, 136, 154 Union Cemetery Historical Society, 94, 226, 337, 474 Teague, Bessie, art. on, listed, 247 Union City Realty and Mining Company, 397 Telephone, Ernestville, art. on, listed, 236 Union Station, St. Louis, 59; arts, on, listed, 108, 109, 242, Terpezone sanitarium, art. on, listed, 484 246,247 Tesreau, Charles Monroe, art. on, listed, 236 Union Stock Yards Company, Springfield, 262 Testrake, John, 133 Unionville, Mo., art. on, listed, 106 Texas and Southeast Kansas Railroad, 414 United Daughters of Confederacy, art. on, listed, 107 Texas County, 292; arts, on, listed, 237, 354, 489 United States Employment Service, 64 Texas County Genealogical and Historical Society, 93, United States Government 226, 336, 474 —Army Corps of Engineers, art. on, 255-272 Thaxton, Dr. John Q., obit., 493 —National Security Council, art. on, listed, 242 Theaters —troops, 60, 107, 397 -arts, on, listed, 108, 112, 245, 350, 352, 357 United States Illustrated (The), 305-318; (illus.) —book on, noted, 120 United States Supreme Court, 170 Thespian Hall, art. on, listed, 357 University City, Mo., arts, on, listed, 242, 357, 491 "Thomas Hart Benton's Huck Finn Illustrations Com­ University of Kansas, 123-125, 128, 131 memorate Mark Twain," by Mary K. Dains, 1-13; (illus.) University of Missouri, 123, 130, 131, 266, 267, 450, 451; Thomas, John, art. on, listed, 242 arts, on, listed, 109, 349, 352 Thomas, Kenneth L., obit., 493 University of Missouri-Columbia, 391, 392; arts, on, listed, Thompson, Gen. M. Jeff, 41, 47, 193, 194, 430, 444; 194 109, 113, 246, 353, 357, 488 (illus.) University of Missouri-Rolla, Stonehenge, art. on, listed, Thompson, "Wild" Bill, art. on, listed, 351 245 Thornbrugh, Harold, art. on, listed, 103 Unterrified Democrat (newspaper), 127 Thornfield, Mo., art. on, listed, 357 Upton, Lucile Morris, 119 Thorton, Winnie Shelton, art. on, listed, 245 Urban League, St. Louis, 60-62, 73 Tichenor, Trebor, 79, 211; art. on, listed, 113 Utah Construction Company, 257 Tilden, Samuel J., 448 Tilley Treasure, art. on, listed, 353 Tin Mountain, art. on, listed, 236 V-E Day, Kansas City, art. on, listed, 113 Tipton, Mo., 42; train, art. on, listed, 482 Vaile Mansion, art. on, listed, 237 "To the Victor Belongs the Spoils," by Andy Collins, 176- Valley of the Mississippi, 313 195; (illus.) Valley Park, Mo., art. on, listed, 246 Together We Celebrate Our Heritage, noted, 499-500 Van Brunt and Howe, Kansas City, 383 Tolbert, Wilma, art. on, listed, 356 Van Buren, Ark., 46, 51; 319 (illus.) Tom Benton and His Drawings: A Biographical Essay and Van Dorn, Gen. Earl, 46, 47, 177, 178 a Collection of His Sketches, Studies, and Mural Car­ VanCleve, Josephine, 91; art. on, listed, 490 toons, by Karal Ann Marling, reviewed, 360-361 Vandiver, Thomas W., art. on, listed, 484 Tom Sawyer, art. on, listed, 242 Vaughan, Bill, 131 Tomatoes, art. on, listed, 245 Vaughn, Everett Rufus, obit., 248 Tong, Hiram N., art. on, listed, 487 Vera Cruz, Mo., art. on, listed, 108 Tornadoes, arts, on, listed, 480, 481 Vernon County, arts, on, listed, 104, 238, 243 Totsch, Theresa, art. on, listed, 110 Vernon County Historical Society, 94, 227, 337, 474 Touhill, Dr. Blanche M., 196 Vest, George C, 448 Townley, Kenneth C, art. on, listed, 489 Veterans of Foreign Wars, art. on, listed, 481 Towns, Missouri River, art. on, 304-320; (illus.); art. on, Vice Presidential nomination, art. on, 156-175 listed, 108 Vicksburg, Mississippi, 49, 180, 184 Trail of Tears, art. on, listed, 357 Vienna, Mo., arts, on, listed, 480, 486 Trainer, James S., obit., 493 Viola, Mo., 260, 262, 265 Traywick, Leland, art. on, listed, 356 Virtrified Brick and Tile Company, 416 Tri-County Historical and Museum Society of King Voss, Jerry, 127 City, 94 Tri-State Mineral Dist., railroads, art. on, 395-421 Trigg, John C, 405, 407-409 WMBH (radio station), art. on, listed, 350 Triplett, Mo., art. on, listed, 241 Waggoner-Gates Mill, art. on, listed, 237 Trockmorton, John H., art. on, listed, 111 Wagner Electric, St. Louis, 73 Truitt, Archie W., art. on, listed, 350 Wahl, J.S., Bottling Co., art. on, listed, 344 Truman, Harry S., 157, 158, 161-165, 167, 169-175; 163 Waldo, David, 143 (illus.); arts, on, listed, 114, 242, 358, 482 Walker, Frank C, 158, 162-164, 166, 171 Tucker, Mrs. Avis Green, 76 Walker, John C, 53, 54 Tulley, Grace, 166-168; 167 (illus.) Walker, Leroy P., 429 Turkington, W.E., 413 Walker, Nancy, 117 Turner family, Arno, art. on, listed, 488 Walker, Price, obit., 115 Turner, Henry Smith, art. on, listed, 245 Walker Springs, art. on, listed, 106 Walker, Vivian, art. on, listed, 353 Turner, Nora Edith Tellie Jennings, art. on, listed, 108 Wallace, Al, art. on, listed, 246 Turner, Tina, art. on, listed, 355 Wallace, Henry A., 157-166, 169-175; 161 (illus.) Tuscumbia School, art. on, listed, 240 Wallace, John, arts, on, listed, 111 Tuttle-Ayers-Woodward, art. on, listed, 103 Waller, Mike, 130 Tuttle, Frank W., art. on, listed, 103 Wallower, E.Z., 403, 404, 406-408; 404 (illus.) Tuxedo Park, art. on, listed, 113 Walsh, Thomas, 17 Index 517

Walton Chapel Church, art. on, listed, 350 White Swan Restaurant, art. on, listed, 240 Ward, Burtis Reed, art. on, listed, 354 White, Walter, 63; (illus.) Warren, B.H., 401 Whitewater, Mo., art. on, listed, 237 Warren County Historical Society, 94, 227, 474 Whitewater River, 183 Warren County Museum and Historical Library, inside Whitmer, David, art. on, listed, 111 back cover, Oct. issue; (illus.) Whitton, Rex, 263 Warrensburg, Mo., 299, 378; arts, on, listed, 238, 241, 244, Whobrey, Bert, art. on, listed, 358 489 "Who's on Second: The 1944 Democratic Vice Presidential Wars, see also Civil War Nomination," by Brenda L. Heaster, 156-175; (illus.) —Mexican, 35; art. on, 134-155 Wickman, Gus, arts, on, listed, 112, 113 —Revolutionary, arts, on, listed, 111, 244, 353 Widenhofer, Woody, art. on, listed, 109 —World War I, arts, on, listed, 107, 347 Wilcox, Cadmus, 446 —World War II, 257; art. on, listed, 350 Wild, J.C, 313, 315; engraving by, 314 (illus.) Washington, Mo., 191, 192; arts, on, listed, 106, 240, 349, Wiley, Robert S., Dewey Short Orator of the Ozarks. Vol. 490 I, noted, 367 Washington County, art. on, listed, 239 Wilkes, Lanceford Bramblett, art. on, listed, 356 Washington, George, 138, 384 Wilkins, Roy, 59 Washington Historical Society, 227, 337, 474 Williams family, art. on, listed, 111 Washington Landing, art. on, listed, 106 Williams, Maj. H.H., 191, 192 Washington Savings & Loan, art. on, listed, 491 Williams, Mrs. John, III, 323 Washington University, 59, 393, 447 Williams, Kenneth E., art. on, listed, 110 Wasola, Mo., art. on, listed, 235 Williams, Tennessee, art. on, listed, 352 Waters, Sen. William B., obit., 115 Williamsburg, Kan., 303 Watson, Gen. Edwin M. (Pa), 158, 171 Wills, James, art. on, listed, 111 Waverly, Mo., arts, on, listed, 240, 349 Wilson Brim-Daniel Funeral Home, art. on, listed, 344 Wayne County, 177, 194; arts, on, listed, 348, 484 Wilson, Maj. James, 189, 191, 192 Wayne County Historical Society, 227, 337, 475 Wilson, John, home, art. on, listed, 344 Wear, William, obit., 115 Wilson, Robert, 42 Weatherby, Mo., art. on, listed, 107 Wilson's Creek, Mo., 44 Webb City, Mo., 380, 396, 398, 399, 412; art. on, listed, 107 Wine, arts, on, listed, 110, 244, 349 Webber, John, family, art. on, listed, 110 Winter and Walt Company, Joplin, 418 Webster County, art. on, listed, 486 Winter, Bud, 78 Webster, Daniel, 137 Wis well, W.A., 405 Webster Groves, Mo., art. on, listed, 113 Witt, Bernhard Joseph, art. on, listed, 485 Webster Groves Historical Society, 94, 227, 337, 475 Wittenberg, Mo., art. on, listed, 487 Webster, Joseph, 197 Wolf, Maj. Enoch, 192 Webster, Milton, 63 Women, arts, on, listed, 112, 244 Webster University, art. on, listed, 113 Woodbury, Hattie Hicks, art. on, listed, 354 Wees, John Ludwig, art. on, listed, 488 Woodlawn Country Club, art. on, listed, 352 Weir City, Kan., 411, 414, 416, 418, 419 Woodson, Mrs. Marshall S., 449 Wells, Mary, 35 Wool, Gen. John Ellis, 149, 154 Wells, Robert W., 34, 35, 42 Wooldridge, Wilfred E., art. on, listed, 109 Wells, William David and Bessie Joen, art. on, listed, 345 World War I, 59; arts, on, listed, 107, 347, 481 Welsh, Dr. Donald H., 453 World War II, 58, 59, 75, 257; arts, on, listed, 350, 485 Wentzville, Mo., art. on, listed, 490 Wortley, Neil C, art. on, listed, 112 Wentzville Historical Society, 95, 228, 337 Wright, Dalton, art. on, listed, 353 Wersen, John Lewis, art. on, listed, 490 Wright, Denver M., art. on, listed, 239 "West Illustrated: Meyer's Views of Missouri River Wright, Frank Lloyd, art. on, listed, 111 Towns," by David Boutros, 304-320; (illus.) Wright, Harold Bell, Theater and Museum, art. on, listed, West, J.M., 128 245 West Plains, Mo., 294-296, 381; arts, on, listed, 357, 358 Wright, Norman, art. on, listed, 245 Western Journal and Civilian, 317; (illus.) Wyre, Robert L., obit., 359 Westminster College, 455; arts, on, listed, 492 Weston, Mo., 305, 308, 312, 318; 311 (illus.); arts, on, listed, 105, 483 YMCA, St. Louis, 61 Weston Historical Museum, 95, 228, 475 Yeager, Mary, 92 Westphalia, Mo., St. Joseph Catholic Parish, art. on, listed, Yellow Stone (steamboat), art. on, listed, 357 104; book on, noted, 496 Young, Brigham, art. on, listed, 110 Westport, Mo., 191; art. on, listed, 114 Young Men's Christian Assoc, art. on, listed, 351 Westport Historical Society, 95, 228, 338, 475 Young, Mrs. Viriginia, 76,196-199 Wheeler, Henry, 70 White River, 51, 255-257, 266, 267, 271; 256 (illus.); arts. on, listed, 247, 344, 354 Zenith Electronics Corp., arts, on, listed, 491 White River Booster Association, 257 Zoar Baptist Church, art. on, listed, 111 White River Valley Historical Society, 228, 338, 475 Zorn, Rev. R.M., obit., 248 White Rock Quarry, art. on, listed, 344 Zuni Indians, 144 518 Missouri Historical Review

Historic Missouri: A Pictorical Narrative is a publication of the State Historical Society. This 140-page pictorial history contains over 400 illustrations and accompanying captions. Historic Missouri should be of genuine interest to teachers and students of Missouri history and the general public.

To purchase a copy, send $1.75 in check or money order payable to the State Historical Society of Missouri, 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, Missouri 65201.

HISTORIC MISSOURI A PICTORIAL NARRATIVE

Compiled by THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY' OF MISSOURI

COLUMBIA MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW

Published Quarterly by

THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI COLUMBIA, MISSOURI

Copyright © 1986 by the State Historical Society of Missouri 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, Missouri 65201

JAMES W. GOODRICH VOLUME LXXX EDITOR OCTOBER, 1985- MARY K. DAINS ASSOCIATE EDITOR JULY, 1986 CONTRIBUTORS

VOLUME LXXX, NOS. 1, 2, 3 AND 4

ADAMS, PATRICIA L., archivist, Saint Louis Art Museum.

BOUTROS, DAVID, senior manuscript specialist, Joint Collection, University of Missouri Western Historical Manuscript Collection-Kansas City, State Historical Society of Missouri Manuscripts.

CASSELL, FRANK A., associate professor of History and chair of the Department of History, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.

CLARK, KIMBALL, free-lance author and native Missourian living in Arlington, Virginia.

COLLINS, ANDY, student, University of Missouri-Columbia.

DAINS, MARY K., associate editor of the MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW.

EHRLICH, GEORGE, professor of Art History, University of Missouri-Kansas City.

FISHER, JAMES J., newspaper columnist, Kansas City Times.

GOODRICH, JAMES W., director, State Historical Society of Missouri.

HEASTER, BRENDA L., substitute teacher, Community School System, Valparaiso, Indiana.

HENSLEY, JOHN R., assistant curator of technology, St. Louis Science Center, St. Louis.

MILLER, ROBERT E., retired chemist, St. Louis.

OSTER, DONALD B., associate professor of History, University of Missouri-Rolla.

SCHROCK, PEGGY E., doctoral student in Art History, University of Illinois, Urbana- Champaign.

SMITH, ROBERT E., professor of History, Missouri Southern State College, Joplin. CONTENTS

VOLUME LXXX, NOS. 1, 2, 3 AND 4

THE A.B. CROSS LUMBER COMPANY, 1858-1871. By George Ehrlich and Peggy E. Schrock 14

THE EPIC MARCH OF DONIPHAN'S MISSOURIANS. By Kimball Clark 134

"FEW MEN BUT MANY WIDOWS. . .": THE DANIEL FOGLE LETTERS, AUGUST 8- SEPTEMBER 4, 1867. Edited by James W. Goodrich and Donald B. Oster 273

FIGHTING FOR DEMOCRACY IN ST. LOUIS: CIVIL RIGHTS DURING WORLD WAR II. By Patricia L. Adams 58

GENERAL MOSBY M. PARSONS: MISSOURI SECESSIONIST. By Robert E. Miller 33

HISTORY AND NEWSPAPERING. By James J. Fisher 123

IN THE SHADOW OF TABLE ROCK DAM: THE ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, CIVIL

ENGINEERING & LOCAL COMMUNITIES. By John R. Hensley 255

MISSOURI AND THE COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION OF 1893. By Frank A. Cassell 369

NOTHING SEEMED IMPOSSIBLE: FRANK N. MOORE AND THE MINERAL CITIES RAILWAY. By Robert E. Smith 395

"ONE OF THE RULING CLASS," THOMAS CAUTE REYNOLDS: THE SECOND

CONFEDERATE GOVERNOR OF MISSOURI. By Robert E. Miller 422

THOMAS HART BENTON'S HUCK FINN ILLUSTRATIONS COMMEMORATE MARK TWAIN.

By Mary K. Dains 1

To THE VICTOR BELONGS THE SPOILS. By Andy Collins 176

THE WEST ILLUSTRATED: MEYER'S VIEWS OF MISSOURI RIVER TOWNS. By David Boutros 304

WHO'S ON SECOND: THE 1944 DEMOCRATIC VICE PRESIDENTIAL NOMINATION. By Brenda L. Heaster 156

DUNKLIN COUNTY MUSEUM The Dunklin County Museum at 122 College Street, in downtown Kennett, occupies a prominent position on the northeast corner of the courthouse square. A group of local citizens founded the museum in 1976 after the American Revolution Bicentennial promoted historical awareness. Dunklin County residents have a rich and varied heritage to preserve. The counties of Dunklin, Pemiscot and a portion of New Madrid extend south of the Mason-Dixon Line. When the state boundary was being drawn, John Hardeman Walker and other prominent landowners desired to be included in the state of Missouri. Their trading and business activities occurred in the larger northern cities of Cape Girardeau, Ste. Genevieve and St. Louis. The landowners petitioned Congress, and the bootheel section of Southeast Missouri resulted. Dunklin County, organized February 14, 1845, received its name for Missouri Governor Daniel Dunklin. The county seat was laid out at a Delaware and Shawnee Indian village site and named Chilletecaux for the Indian chief. Later the name changed to Butler and finally Kennett, in honor of St. Louis mayor L.M. Kennett. The New Madrid earthquakes of 1811-1812 threatened this isolated region of forest lowland and swamp. Settled originally by hunters and trappers, the population grew slowly. During the Civil War, residents sided with the South. Union and Confederate troops and guerrillas constantly roamed the bootheel. The arrival of the Little River Valley and Arkansas Railroad at Maiden in 1878 contributed to the area's recovery. Land reclamation began in 1893, and the Little River Drainage District in Dunklin County grew into one of the largest systems in the United States. Cotton dominated the county's agricultural production, and Kennett became a cotton town, socially and economically. Merchants opened charge accounts payable at harvest. Prosperity depended on the season and the market. By the mid-1900s, new industries had begun moving to Kennett, including Ely and Walker Clothing, Emerson Electric and Uniroyal. County population declined, but Kennett grew, providing evidence of increasing urban industrialization. Constructed in 1902-1903 as a joint project by the city and the Masonic Lodge, the museum building cost $6,000. Museum directors lease it for $1.00 per year from the city of Kennett. Municipal offices, "holding" cells and council rooms originally occupied the ground floor, while the Masonic Order met on the second. The Masons ceased to use their quarters in the 1950s. When the city constructed a new municipal building in 1976, officials decided to preserve the old structure as a significant local landmark, now listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The 35'x 85' brick building features 14^' ceilings of pressed metal, a wide oak stairway and 24 double-hung windows, some of imitation cathedral, translucent glass. Builders supposedly manu­ factured the brick locally along the St. Francois River. Some 3,000 people annually visit the museum, open free of charge, Wednesday and Saturday, 1:30-5 P.M., March through November; and Saturday only, December through February. Special exhibits have featured pottery in Missouri, graniteware, quilting, hunting and fishing, and birds of Dunklin County. Other popular displays include working, scale-model, mechanized steam engines and toys locally made, Indian artifacts, early farming equipment, political memorabilia and military medals and uniforms. The museum also houses the Charles and Bettie Birthright collection of letters, written by former slaves to their owners and friends. All provide insight into the area's colorful history.