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Bvolume 3, Port Hawkesbury-Canso Strait, Nova State of Knowledge on Fate and Behaviour of Ship-Source Petroleum Product Spills: Volume 3, Port Hawkesbury- Canso Strait, Nova Scotia Scott A. Ryan¹, Gary Wohlgeschaffen¹, Nusrat Jahan¹, Haibo Niu², Alice C. Ortmann¹, Trevor N. Brown¹, Thomas L. King¹, and Jason Clyburne³ ¹Centre for Offshore Oil, Gas and Energy Research, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2 ²Department of Engineering, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3 ³Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3 2019 Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 3176 Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Manuscript reports contain scientific and technical information that contributes to existing knowledge but which deals with national or regional problems. Distribution is restricted to institutions or individuals located in particular regions of Canada. However, no restriction is placed on subject matter, and the series reflects the broad interests and policies of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, namely, fisheries and aquatic sciences. Manuscript reports may be cited as full publications. The correct citation appears above the abstract of each report. Each report is abstracted in the data base Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts. Manuscript reports are produced regionally but are numbered nationally. Requests for individual reports will be filled by the issuing establishment listed on the front cover and title page. Numbers 1-900 in this series were issued as Manuscript Reports (Biological Series) of the Biological Board of Canada, and subsequent to 1937 when the name of the Board was changed by Act of Parliament, as Manuscript Reports (Biological Series) of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Numbers 1426 - 1550 were issued as Department of Fisheries and Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service Manuscript Reports. The current series name was changed with report number 1551. Rapport manuscrit canadien des sciences halieutiques et aquatiques Les rapports manuscrits contiennent des renseignements scientifiques et techniques qui constituent une contribution aux connaissances actuelles, mais qui traitent de problèmes nationaux ou régionaux. La distribution en est limitée aux organismes et aux personnes de régions particulières du Canada. II n'y a aucune restriction quant au sujet; de fait, la série reflète la vaste gamme des intérêts et des politiques de Pêches et Océans Canada, c'est-à-dire les sciences halieutiques et aquatiques. Les rapports manuscrits peuvent être cités comme des publications à part entière. Le titre exact figure au-dessus du résumé de chaque rapport. Les rapports manuscrits sont résumés dans la base de données Résumés des sciences aquatiques et halieutiques. Les rapports manuscrits sont produits à l'échelon régional, mais numérotés à l'échelon national. Les demandes de rapports seront satisfaites par l'établissement auteur dont le nom figure sur la couverture et la page du titre. Les numéros 1 à 900 de cette série ont été publiés à titre de Manuscrits (série biologique) de l'Office de biologie du Canada, et après le changement de la désignation de cet organisme par décret du Parlement, en 1937, ont été classés comme Manuscrits (série biologique) de l'Office des recherches sur les pêcheries du Canada. Les numéros 901 à 1425 ont été publiés à titre de Rapports manuscrits de l'Office des recherches sur les pêcheries du Canada. Les numéros 1426 à 1550 sont parus à titre de Rapports manuscrits du Service des pêches et de la mer, ministère des Pêches et de l'Environnement. Le nom actuel de la série a été établi lors de la parution du numéro 1551. Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 3176 2019 State of Knowledge on Fate and Behaviour of Ship-Source Petroleum Product Spills: Volume 3, Port Hawkesbury-Canso Strait, Nova Scotia by Scott A. Ryan1, Gary Wohlgeschaffen1, Nusrat Jahan1, Haibo Niu2, Alice C. Ortmann1, Trevor N. Brown1, Thomas L. King1, and Jason Clyburne3 1. Centre for Offshore Oil, Gas and Energy Research, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2 2. Department of Engineering, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3 3. Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3 © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2019 Cat. No. Fs97-4/3176E-PDF ISBN 978-0-660-30896-8 ISSN 1488-5387 Correct citation for this publication: Ryan, S.A., Wohlgeschaffen, G., Jahan, N., Niu, H., Ortmann, A.C., Brown, T.N., King, T.L., and Clyburne, J. 2019. State of Knowledge on Fate and Behaviour of Ship-Source Petroleum Product Spills: Volume 3, Port Hawkesbury-Canso Strait, Nova Scotia. Can. Manuscr. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 3176: viii + 41 p. ii CONTENTS Abstract .......................................................................................................................... vii Résumé ......................................................................................................................... viii 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1 2 Geography ............................................................................................................... 3 3 Hydrography ............................................................................................................ 6 3.1 Bathymetry ........................................................................................................ 6 3.2 Currents ............................................................................................................ 7 3.3 Tides ................................................................................................................. 8 3.4 Watershed......................................................................................................... 9 3.5 Salinity and Water Temperature ..................................................................... 10 4 Climate ................................................................................................................... 13 4.1 Temperature and Precipitation ........................................................................ 13 4.2 Wind and Waves ............................................................................................. 13 5 Past Oil Spills ......................................................................................................... 16 5.1 Arrow Spill ....................................................................................................... 17 6 Modelling ................................................................................................................ 18 6.1 Oil Behaviour .................................................................................................. 18 6.2 Oil Transport ................................................................................................... 28 7 Conclusions ........................................................................................................... 37 8 References ............................................................................................................. 38 iii FIGURES Figure 1. Port Hawkesbury and the Strait of Canso study area ....................................... 3 Figure 2. Map of the Strait of Canso. River data (blue lines) from Nova Scotia Geographic Data Directory (Government of Nova Scotia 2019). .......................... 4 Figure 3. Photo of the Canso Causeway ......................................................................... 5 Figure 4. Bathymetry of the Strait of Canso and Chedabucto Bay, depth values in metres. ................................................................................................................. 6 Figure 5. Measured tides in Port Hawkesbury, 30 April - 7 May 2004, time in GMT, height in meters (Parrott 2010) ................................................................... 9 Figure 6. Freshwater discharge (m3/s) in the Strait of Canso (Gregory et al. 1993) ........ 9 Figure 7. Temperature and salinity along the Strait of Canso from May 1-3, 1973 (Vilks et al. 1975). ............................................................................................... 11 Figure 8. Temperature and salinity along the Strait of Canso from August 13-15, 1973 (Vilks et al. 1975). ...................................................................................... 12 Figure 9. Wind rose for Port Hawkesbury January 2003 ............................................... 19 Figure 10. Current rose for Port Hawkesbury January 2003 ......................................... 19 Figure 11. Sea water temperature ................................................................................. 20 Figure 12. Oil budget for a spill of ALC.......................................................................... 22 Figure 13. Predicted change in viscosity for a spill of ALC ............................................ 22 Figure 14. Predicted change in density for a spill of ALC .............................................. 23 Figure 15. Oil budget for a spill of diesel ....................................................................... 24 Figure 16. Oil budget for a spill of IFO180 ..................................................................... 25 Figure 17. Predicted change in viscosity for a spill of IFO180 ....................................... 25 Figure 18. Predicted change in density of IFO180 .......................................................
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