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Thesis Reference Thesis Antioxidant profiles of new chemical entities as multifunctional hits for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders CRESSEND, Delphine Abstract Le stress oxydatif est impliqué dans de nombreuses maladies telles que les maladies neurodégénératives. Pour prévenir et retarder ces maladies, les composés antioxydants suscitent un grand intérêt. Pour accéder plus rapidement à ces molécules, des paramètres nécessaires pour la réalisation de criblages à haut débit ont été définis dans quatre tests à l'aide d'un ensemble de composés. Ces méthodes évaluent les propriétés antioxydantes de composés contre les radicaux peroxyls (test ALP et ORAC), DPPH• et ABTS•–. Ensuite, une analyse par classification ascendante hiérarchique des paramètres de puissance et de vitesse de réaction a conduit à des profils antioxydants. Ils regroupent des composés caractérisés par des propriétés antioxydantes similaires envers les trois radicaux et de leur activité en présence de la protéine. De plus, une procédure définissant un ordre précis pour la réalisation des tests a pu être mise en place. Pour mieux caractériser les antioxydants, une étude électrochimique a permis d'estimer le potentiel formel de l'acide caféique et de la mélatonine [...] Reference CRESSEND, Delphine. Antioxidant profiles of new chemical entities as multifunctional hits for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Thèse de doctorat : Univ. Genève, 2010, no. Sc. 4271 URN : urn:nbn:ch:unige-132486 DOI : 10.13097/archive-ouverte/unige:13248 Available at: http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:13248 Disclaimer: layout of this document may differ from the published version. 1 / 1 UNIVERSITÉ DE GENÈVE FACULTÉ DES SCIENCES Section des sciences pharmaceutiques Professeur P.-A. Carrupt Antioxidant Profiles Of New Chemical Entities As Multifunctional Hits For The Treatment Of Neurodegenerative Disorders THÈSE présentée à la Faculté des sciences de l’Université de Genève pour obtenir le grade de Docteur ès sciences, mention interdisciplinaires par Delphine Cressend de Annecy (France) Thèse No 4271 GENÈVE Atelier d’impression ReproMail 2010 UNIVERSITÉ DE GENÈVE FACULTÉ DES SCIENCES Section des sciences pharmaceutiques Professeur P.-A. Carrupt Antioxidant Profiles Of New Chemical Entities As Multifunctional Hits For The Treatment Of Neurodegenerative Disorders THÈSE présentée à la Faculté des sciences de l’Université de Genève pour obtenir le grade de Docteur ès sciences, mention interdisciplinaires par Delphine Cressend de Annecy (France) Thèse No 4271 GENÈVE Atelier d’impression ReproMail 2010 Remerciements Je tiens à exprimer ma plus sincère reconnaissance au Professeur Pierre- Alain Carrupt pour m’avoir permis d’effectuer ce travail de thèse au sein du groupe de pharmacochimie. Je le remercie de m’avoir fait confiance tout au long de ces années et d’avoir mis à ma disposition les moyens pour réaliser ce travail dans de très bonnes conditions. Merci aussi pour sa disponibilité et pour son soutien. Je remercie profondément le Docteur Christophe Roussel qui m’a transmis les compétences nécessaires en électrochimie, domaine qui m’était inconnu et qui se trouve être intéressant et utile. Je le remercie également pour sa patience et sa disponibilité ainsi que pour sa bonne humeur et son enthousiasme. Je remercie également le Docteure Marianne Reist-Oechslin pour son soutien, son encadrement et pour tous les bons conseils qu’elle m’a donné au cours de ces années. Merci au Professeur Olivier Duval, au Docteure Marianne Reist-Oechslin, au Docteur Christophe Roussel et au Docteur Philippe Christen, membres du jury de thèse, pour leur lecture attentive du manuscrit, leurs remarques pertinentes et leurs précieuses recommandations. Je remercie tous mes collègues de Pharmacochimie, en particulier le Docteure Liliana Sintra-Grilo et Céline Le Bourdonnec pour leur bonne humeur et les bons moments passés au 418, mais aussi Bénédicte Gross-Valoton, Fabrice Gillerat, Virginie Beyeler, Christophe Fancey, Laurent Starrenberger, Sandra Alvarez, Cédric Devard, Elisabeth Favre, les Drs. Alessandra Nurisso, Sophie Martel, Antoine Daina et Alessandra Zizzari, Philippe Eugster, Karine Vuignier, Nils Oberhauser, Christina Pomilio, Kevin Nadin, les Drs. Juan Bravo, Julien Boccard, Saviana Di Giovani, Francesca Bertolini, Vincent Gasparik et Yveline Henchoz pour avoir rendu ma thèse agréable. Je remercie également Sylvia Passaquay-Rion de m’avoir aidée dans les démarches administratives, pour sa bonne humeur et pour sa capacité à référencer un grand nombre de publications en un temps très court ! Un merci aussi aux Drs. Hanjörg Eder et Elisabeth Rivara-Minten ainsi qu’à Jessica Ortelli pour leur bonne humeur pendant les TPs et pour leur soutien. Merci à Julia Dreyer, Fabien Guarrasi et Jérémy De Mooij pour leur contribution à mon travail de thèse et pour leur sympathie. J’adresse un merci particulier au Docteure Amandine Lebeau-Guillot qui m’a accompagnée tout au long de ma thèse, qui m’a soutenue et aidée grâce à son énergie. Merci aussi pour ces bons moments de rigolade ! Enfin, je remercie mes amis et particulièrement Yannick et Cyndy, ma belle-famille, ma famille et particulièrement mes parents, mon frère et mon mari Julien pour leur soutien et leur présence tout au long de ces années. Table of content Résumé de la thèse Abbreviations Chapter 1 Introduction ...................................................................... 1 1-1 Oxidative stress ................................................................................................. 1 1-2 Antioxidant defenses ........................................................................................ 4 1-2.1 Enzymatic antioxidant defenses ................................................................ 4 1-2.2 Non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses ......................................................... 6 1-2.2.1 Endogenous antioxidant compounds ......................................................... 6 1-2.2.2 Exogenous antioxidant compounds ............................................................ 8 1-2.2.2.1 Vitamins ........................................................................................ 8 1-2.2.2.2 Polyphenols ................................................................................... 9 1-2.2.2.3 Other antioxidant compounds .................................................... 12 1-3 Oxidative stress-induced diseases .............................................................. 15 1-3.1 Alzheimer’s disease .................................................................................. 15 1-3.2 Parkinson’s disease ................................................................................... 17 1-3.3 Antioxidant strategies in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases ........... 18 1-4 Multifunctional drugs .................................................................................... 19 1-5 Scope and aims of the thesis ......................................................................... 23 Chapter 2 Determination of parameters for the characterization of new antioxidant compounds .................................. 43 2-1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 43 2-2 Materials and methods ................................................................................... 46 2-2.1 Materials ................................................................................................... 46 2-2.2 Methods ..................................................................................................... 47 2-2.2.1 ALP assay .................................................................................................. 47 2-2.2.2 ORAC assay .............................................................................................. 49 2-2.2.3 DPPH• assay ............................................................................................. 50 2-2.2.4 ABTS•– assay ............................................................................................. 51 2-3 Results and discussion ................................................................................... 53 2-3.1 Screening parameters ............................................................................... 53 2-3.1.1 ALP assay .................................................................................................. 53 2-3.1.2 ORAC assay .............................................................................................. 58 2-3.1.3 DPPH• assay ............................................................................................. 60 2-3.1.4 ABTS•– assay ............................................................................................. 66 2-3.2 Ranking of the compounds into potency classes ..................................... 70 2-3.3 Similarity of ALP assay with ORAC assay ............................................. 74 2-4 Conclusion ........................................................................................................ 75 Chapter 3 Antioxidant profiles as a result of a clustering analyses ............................................................................ 79 3-1 Introduction – How to perform a cluster analysis .................................. 79 3-2 Materials and methods ................................................................................... 83 3-2.1 Materials ................................................................................................... 83
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