Spring 2009 HKS in DC

Home , Danny Sebright, David Plouffe, Dunster House, Jeffrey Liebman, Nadav Tamir, Nancy Sutley

n Going, Going, Green! HARVARD Planning for change Diplomatic Measures KENNEDY The power of dialogue magazine Washington Calls SCHOOL spring 2009 HKS in DC

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DEPARTMENTS Diplomatic Measures Going, Going, Green! Washington Calls Designs onDevelopment issue Embedding Markets Global Lighting theway Lighting for human rights mc/mpa 2004 Congressman John Lewis Classnotes News bites from around the school Genser continues pushfor human rights mpp 1994 Mason Program celebrates 50 Alumna Wafaa El-Sadr The dean’s The word

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Harvard for goals sets agreener campus. . Professor of the Practice of Diplomacy Nicholas Diplomacy Professor thePractice puts Burns apremium of of on dialogue.

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left to right: levi stolove; chris pyle; Jim Orca; page 30, martha stewart (top and bottom right), Stephanie Mitchell/harvard news office (bottom left); leah fasten Photograph: Piers B cyclone Nargis Irrawaddy D On thecover: Rice planting inthe elta inthewake of enatar Lane Press Printer Jennifer E Diane Designers L Steve Nadis Miranda Daniloff M M Julia Hanna Contributing Writers R Associate Editor Sarah Abrams P Senior Director of Alumni Relations M Communications andPublic Affairs Associate Dean for Editor ewis Rice aige Ennis obert O’Neill att Kohut elodie Jackson Sibley 30 aton A mc/mpa mc/mpa lden mc/mpa ancusi 2003 2010 2001 Scott Steven Janice C Heather Price B David L David King C Sayuri Inoue D Harry Bill Dodd D Henry Phil C Joe B Jeanie B Jennifer Armini Magazine Advisory Board rights reserved. and F C E F Phone: 617-495-1164 C 79 JohnF and P O School of Government John F Harvard Kennedy School Magazine is published three times a year by ax: 617-495-5424 -mail: olin Jackson opyright ©2009 by thePresident ambridge, M raig en M ffice of C ergantino ellows of C Harvard Sandler T ronin ublic Affairs . Kennedy cKay Saragoni alan urning, Jr. uberoff Singer [email protected] eSio arnett . Kennedy mc/mpa ommunications mpp mc/mpa mc/mpa mc/mpa mpp mc/mpa mc/mpa mc/mpa assachusetts 02138 mc/mpa mc/mpa mc/mpa mc/mpa mc/mpa 1996 mc/mpa

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executive summary the end results

Dear reader, Freedom Fighter Jared Genser’s Genser, who represents Aung human rights work, profiled in San Suu Kyi, the world’s only New cases have As the world looks for leadership in solving the myriad of our Spring 2008 issue, continues imprisoned Nobel Peace Prize challenges facing us today — from the global economic crisis been taken to make a difference. Genser laureate, also generated a letter, to climate change — we are once again reminded of the critical mpp 1998 led a team of lawyers at signed by 112 former presidents up in Gambia, role the Harvard Kennedy School plays in shaping the debate his law firm, dla Piper, last fall and prime ministers, calling and training those dedicated to serving the public. Our mission in preparing a report on human on un Secretary-General Ban Peru, and has never been more urgent or vital. rights abuses in North Korea. Ki-moon mc/mpa 1984 to go It is gratifying to see that despite the significant earnings Vietnam. “Failure to Protect: The Ongoing to Burma to press for Suu gap between those working in the private and public sectors, Challenge of North Korea” was Kyi’s release. the majority of our students — approximately 60 percent — commissioned by former Czech And the nonprofit Genser organization also received its go on to careers in public service. In these challenging times Republic President Václav Havel, created to represent prisoners first two foundation grants. The when public servants are needed more than ever, we are former Norwegian Prime of conscience around the nonprofit also settled into new committed to doing all we can to support and inspire these Minister Kjell Magne Bondevik, world, Freedom Now, has also office space — donated by Yang dedicated individuals. and Nobel Peace Prize Laureate continued to grow. New cases Jian-li phd 2001, whom Genser I am pleased to report that since becoming dean, I have Elie Wiesel. have been taken up in Gambia, represented during his imprison- doubled our financial aid to students. Despite these difficult Peru, and Vietnam; full-time ment in China, which lasted economic times for the school, I am committed to continuing staff has been hired; and the from 2002 to 2007. this level of support and to finding new sources of revenue to expand our financial aid program. We also continue to strive to offer the best possible training for our students. Our experiential courses, which offer on-the- job experience; our annual policy analysis exercise (pae); and our numerous internship and fellowship programs, all provide An Account of War Linda Correction: Readers of students with critical hands-on training. Bilmes’s ongoing research into the Winter 2009 issue’s And through the Institute of Politics (iop), our students the costs of the wars in Iraq and Classnotes section may are continuously exposed to a diverse group of political leaders Afghanistan has had an impact have seen our feature of and public servants from around the world, from the iop on veterans of those conflicts. an alumni book, Shelter fellows who hold weekly study groups to the major world This is a special moment — a now or never moment — in Bilmes, whose book The Me. The author is Juliette leaders appearing in the school’s Forum. the history of the Kennedy School. According to a recent youth Three Trillion Dollar War: The Fay mpp 1992 and not, as Finally, in the last year our Office of Career Advancement survey conducted by the iop the majority of youth polled now True Cost of the Iraq Conflict was we mistakenly noted, (oca) has greatly expanded its services in providing career believe politics and public service are worthy professions, a featured in the Spring 2008 issue, Juliette Fay mc/mpa 1986. information. In one new initiative, oca has engaged faculty significant change in outlook from previous surveys conducted worked with a team of neurolo- We regret the error and to help students match their public service interests with during the last several decades. gists and psychiatrists to estimate apologize for the confu- potential job opportunities. In the words of iop Director Bill Purcell, “The hearts and the long-term medical and sion. Fay’s debut novel, The alumni and faculty you will read about in the follow- the minds of young people are back.” economic consequences of trau- which follows the life ing pages are wonderful examples of the public servants we In these difficult times, when talented public servants are matic brain injury (tbi), one of a woman dealing train. Alumni Jim Taylor and Debbie Aung Din Taylor, both so desperately needed and our youth are demonstrating a of the signature injuries of the with the unexpected mc/mpa 1990, through their entrepreneurial work in Burma, renewed energy and enthusiasm for public service, we want conflicts. The findings contributed to the death of her husband, helped restore order after Cyclone Nargis devastated much to be sure to provide the best possible training and support According to some estimates, is published by Avon, of the country last year. for these future leaders. as many as 320,000 U.S. troops U.S. Department of Veterans an imprint of Harper Wafaa El-Sadr mc/mpa 1996, a physician who last year We welcome your thoughts and suggestions. suffered from tbi during their Collins. received a MacArthur Foundation fellowship, is another deployments. Some 15 percent Affairs raising maximum Dean David T. Ellwood alumnus making a difference in the world. El-Sadr’s innova- of individuals with mild injuries April 2009 compensation. . . . tive approach to treating hiv/aids patients, both here and will eventually suffer from in Sub-Saharan Africa, during the last three decades has serious cognitive deficits such changed the way the disease and its victims are approached. as memory loss or neurological The findings contributed injury from 10 percent disability You will also read about our faculty and alumni who have problems such as seizures. But to the U.S. Department of to 40 percent. been asked to serve in the new administration. We are very mild brain injuries, according Veterans Affairs raising maxi- Bilmes also brought her proud of those from our community who will be working to research, cannot be detected mum compensation for the expertise on veterans’ issues to in Washington. by scans. victims of mild traumatic brain the Obama transition, working on the Veterans Affairs team. ayton k ent D

2 harvard kennedy school 3 public interest Rising Star Home Innovator alumni Jonathan Karush Awards Nicolas Retsinas, director of the Joint San Francisco First mpp 2007 was named a Rising Star Center for Housing Studies, was recently honored by Politics magazine for his work by Builder magazine, the official publication of the alumni David Chiu mpp 1995 was recently for Liberty Concepts, a provider National Association of Home Builders, as one of elected president of the San Francisco Board of Web sites and software to 30 top innovators in the home building industry in of Supervisors. Chiu, an attorney, was elected Democratic campaigns and the past 30 years. The award recognizes building to the board in November as the district’s first progressive organizations. Karush industry leaders who have shown a lifetime commit- Chinese American representative and voted founded the organization in 2000 ment to helping people in the communities in which in at the board’s inaugural meeting in January while still an undergraduate. The they live. as its first Chinese American president. Chiu award, given annually to selected founded Grassroots Enterprise, a company that Republicans and Democrats under r on the web www.jchs.harvard.edu provides online communications technology 35, recognizes individuals who Top Scholar to organizations and businesses, mostly for have made a significant impact in faculty A survey of international political causes. political consulting and advocacy. relations scholars found that former hks Dean Joseph Nye was seen as Wrong Question the scholar whose work has had the Finance Head Helping Hand “ Ask the greatest impact on U.S. foreign policy students Harvard Kennedy Appointment Suzanne Cooper has been STUDENTS Research into human trafficking received support recently with the creation of wrong makers if they take away only one in the past 20 years. The survey was named interim cfo at the Harvard Kennedy School. the Sunny Dupree pae Award, established by Kathryn Wasserman Davis, on the School students got a plug in message: ‘Ask the wrong question, released in February by the Teaching, She replaced Stew Uretsky, who left in December occasion of her 100th birthday and in honor of human rights advocate Sunny Dupree. Davis’s question, February in the New Statesman by and you get a useless answer.’” Research, and International Policy after more than eight years at the school. She will gift, through the Carr Center’s Initiative to Stop Human Trafficking, will fund student research London’s Sunday Times columnist The wrong question at the (trip) Project and the Institute remain associate academic dean during this period. projects that look at human trafficking issues for the Policy Analysis Exercise (pae). The pae is a and you Irwin Stelzer. In a column about moment, says Stelzer, is whether for the Theory and Practice of thesis-like project focusing on real problems for real clients that is required for all Master in the British and American econo- we’re in a recession or depression. International Relations at the Public Policy students. get a mies, the American economist That question, he says, will result College of William and Mary in Computer Outreach useless writes: “Students at Harvard’s in wasted “hours comparing our Williamsburg, Virginia. r Alumni :: www.hks.harvard.edu/alumni John F. Kennedy School of situation with the often-misre- answer.” Government succeed as policy- membered 1930s . . . .” Campaign Guru On Campus David Plouffe, r Degree programs :: www.hks.harvard.edu/degrees one of the masterminds behind Head Start Applications Up Barack Obama’s presidential Students Students come to the Kennedy campaign, was a visiting fellow School to train for future careers helping find at the Institute of Politics in Students Whether it’s Mason, and International practical solutions to some of society’s most diffi- the economy or the “Obama Development programs, rose April. Plouffe met with students cult problems, but students in Linda Bilmes’s effect,” applications to the 13 percent. “I like to attribute it and participated in a public budgeting class got a head start in making a differ- school’s two-year Master in more to the excitement about k istoc right and left: bottom tewart,

policy class. S ence. Two years ago students assessed the town Public Policy (mpp) program government now as a solution on the web of Hull’s flood preparations in order to help are up this year by 34 rather than a problem,” said r percent — from 1,269 a year Joseph McCarthy in a Harvard www.iop.harvard.edu the town qualify for a federal flood insurance program. The student project was a success and ago to 1,696 applications this Crimson interview in early year. The two-year Master in March. Another factor, say Alumni While still a now reaches 67 coun- the recently awarded fema certification will Public Administration program administrators, is the economic tries. A recent shipment student at the Kennedy tewart produce substantial reductions in Hull home- S remained flat this year, while downturn, which predictably School, Timothy of computers to students Welcome owners’ flood insurance bills. the Master in Public Adminis- results in increased Anderson mc/mpa in Port Victoria, Kenya, Alumni Paige Ennis

oe alterio, top right: martha right: martha top alterio, j oe left: top tration program overall, which applications. 2000 started Computer allowed two students mc/mpa 2010 became senior director also includes the Mid-Career, Exchange, a project to develop a science connecting youth around project, which they for alumni relations at Harvard the world to the Internet recently entered in the Kennedy School in February. (See while keeping working national science compe- page 36 for director’s letter.) She was “ I like to attribute it more to the excitement computers out of land- tition. Their project was previously director of marketing, fills. Over the years, the judged fifth-best in all sales, alumni relations, and admis- about government now as a solution project has grown in of Kenya. sions in the school’s Executive rather than a problem.” scope and impact and Education department. martha left: alterio; j oe left: k ; far I stoc left: top

4 harvard kennedy school 5 from the charles Visionary Physician

Using the same approach, she was able to increase the number of hiv-positive mothers who remained in care by working with her pediatric colleagues to create a mother- alumni When Wafaa El-Sadr mc/mpa 1996 first heard child clinic. about victims of aids, the disease had not yet been named. Soon she was bringing her family-focused approach to She remembers the precise moment. It was in 1982 in Sub-Saharan Africa as founding director of the International Cleveland at Case Western Reserve University School of Center for aids Care and Treatment Program, which now Medicine, where she was finishing up a research fellowship supports programs in 14 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa in infectious diseases. Her mentor showed her a report from and Asia. Refusing to accept the common wisdom that the Centers for Disease Control listing the deaths of five treatment in poverty-stricken countries is useless and that young men in New York City from pneumocystis pneu- prevention is the only course, she showed that successful monia, a rare form of pneumonia not usually contracted antiretroviral treatment and comprehensive prevention and by the young. care were possible by again focusing on the lives of the “He said,” El-Sadr recalls sitting in her office at the people affected by the disease. Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, By the mid-1990s, after more than a decade of nonstop where she is a professor of medicine and epidemiology, work, El-Sadr felt she needed her skill set to catch up to her “‘you should read this because you’re going back to New growing responsibilities. York and this might be important.’” “You grow in your position, and suddenly you’re super- On her return to New York, El-Sadr, an Egyptian-born vising large numbers of people. You fall into it without and -trained physician, began seeing increasing numbers of really having much training in management and leader- patients, mostly gay men, with the same condition, brought ship,” she says. on by the disease eventually labeled hiv/aids (Human El-Sadr enrolled at the Kennedy School where she was Immune Deficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency struck by the school’s methodology, in particular its case Syndrome). In just a few years, the number of new infec- method and its group-focused approach. “I had to learn to step back and accept that this was a different method,” she says. “It’s slower, on one hand, but For the past quarter States and abroad confront which are currently providing it’s probably more effective in the end.” century, El-Sadr has aids. As founding director care to more than half-a- Today she divides her time developed consistently of the International Center million people. Last spring between the United States and Sub-Saharan Africa, following original and effective for aids Care and Treatment she was rewarded for her work patients, and overseeing, designing, and evaluating ways to help communi- Program, she oversees hiv/ with a prestigious MacArthur programs in both locations. While an estimated 22 million ties both in the United aids programs in 14 countries, Fellowship. people are now living with hiv in Sub-Saharan Africa, El-Sadr points to a silver lining amongst the devastation. “As horrible as tions in the United States climbed to 130,000 per year, this epidemic is, it has the potential to transform health affecting a widening spectrum of individuals. By the early systems in this part of the world,” she says. “There’s never 1990s, she was also seeing an increase in the number of been such focus and energy, and it’s because of the passion cases of tuberculosis. around hiv and around the people with hiv. It has forced With what was to become a hallmark of her approach people to look at things and want to change them.” to care, El-Sadr helped bring the spread of tb under control As for how the epidemic has affected her personally, by her patient-centered approach. Suspecting that patients El-Sadr, now 58, who last spring was awarded a McArthur were not completing the six-month treatment because they Fellowship, says her work with the disease has enriched her often lacked the strong family networks that help patients life beyond her imagination. “It has been a window into want to get well, she created a home-like atmosphere in the worlds I may never have known. I feel my life would have clinic, one where patients enjoyed coming. In one year, the been much shallower.” s SA completion rate rose from 11 percent in 1992 to 89 percent tolove S in 1993. L evi

6 harvard kennedy school 7 :: FROM THE CHARLES | spring 2009 | www.hks.harvard.edu

Democracy Refreshed Framing the Ask

research Men are more likely to negotiate for higher pay than women — as members of the subordinate sex — should be other- women, researchers have long found. And that has raised the ques- oriented, caring, and deferential.” tion of whether women ought to emulate men, to become more In a series of studies, Bowles and Babcock looked at whether research Archon assertive, more aggressive, if they want the same compensation. any strategy would allow women to successfully negotiate for higher But while negotiation is the way to a higher salary, women can salaries without damaging future relations with colleagues. Archon Fung Fung, Ford Founda- also expose themselves to other risks by taking that route. Research The findings indicated that women must work to find a balance Q A tion Professor of shows that a woman’s relationships within an institution would be between validating their negotiating behavior and communicating damaged by her attempt to negotiate for higher compensation. their concern for organizational relationships. Women were viewed Democracy and New research by Hannah Riley Bowles mpp 1994, associate more positively if they used justifications or excuses for the negoti- Citizenship and codirector of the Taubman Center for State professor of public policy, coauthored with Linda Babcock of ating behavior that reframed the negotiating behavior as legitimate Carnegie Mellon University, explores the use of relational accounts — while underscoring their concern for positive organizational and Local Government’s Transparency Policy Project, analyzes explanations that simultaneously legitimize a woman’s request and relationships. the effectiveness of U.S. and international transparency convey concern for organizational relationships — in overcoming “What is of greatest value in these relational accounts is the that “compensation negotiation dilemma.” principles underlying their effectiveness — that is, finding a way of systems. During last fall’s presidential election, he rolled out The narrative that accompanies a woman’s negotiation for a explaining one’s negotiating behavior as legitimate while communi- MyFairElection.com, which allowed citizens to report on higher salary, the research found, has a large effect on whether an cating attention to organizational relationships,” the authors wrote. evaluator would view that request positively or negatively. “To be effective, women will have to devise strategies that are their experiences at the polls. “Attempting to negotiate for higher compensation is socially authentic to their own personality and that fit the norms and culture risky for women because it violates prescriptive sex stereotypes,” of their organizational environment and the interpersonal context Q How successful was MyFairElection.com as a start-up project? Bowles and Babcock wrote. of the negotiation.” s RDO MyFairElection.com brought a dynamic that people call “crowd sourcing” “Competitively negotiating for greater resources for oneself — think of individual ratings on Amazon.com or TripAdvisor — from the contradicts the normative expectations for feminine behavior that private sector to the public sector problem of access to polling places on election day, 2008. It is based on the idea that we can get a much better picture of the world if a lot of people can contribute their little piece of information about it. We had a couple thousand reports. This was an early experiment in this phenom- Rep. Barry Finegold* mc/mpa 2003 (D-Andover) Rep. Charles Murphy* mc/mpa 2002 enon. Even in this election there were several initiatives like this — Twitter the Vote Chair, Telecommunications, Utilities and Energy, (D-Burlington) Chair, House Ways and Means, former Vice Chair of Judiciary and Video the Vote had a similar idea. In successive elections we’ll see many more former Vice Chair of Bonding, Capital people doing versions of this. Expenditures, and State Assets Footprint Q What did your findings reveal? There were a couple of interesting findings. Most of the people reporting had very Rep. Alice Wolf mc/mpa 1978, iop 1994 Recognizing good voting experiences. Eighty to eighty-five percent were very satisfied, rating Rep. Jay Kaufman hksee 2002 (D-Cambridge) Chair, Elder Affairs, former their experiences four and five stars out of a five-star scale. Another interesting (D-Lexington) Chair, Revenue, Vice Chair of Public Health the Chair finding was that a substantial number of people reported having to wait a long former Chair of Public Service The Harvard Kennedy School time, but they didn’t consider it a huge problem. They thought it was worth it. Sen. Jack Hart* mc/mpa 2000 (D-South Boston), will be a strong presence in the chair, Senate Committee on Bills in Third Reading and Oregon has a vote-by-mail system, and almost all of the Oregon voters reporting Massachusetts State House with Rep. Peter Koutoujian* Senate Steering and Policy Committee gave five-star ratings. They wanted to tell everyone else how good their voting mc/mpa 2003 (D-Waltham) Chair, the recent appointment of several system was. Financial Services, former Chair of Rep. Marty Walz mc/mpa 2000 (D-Back Bay) graduates of the Kennedy School’s Health Care Chair, Education, former Vice Chair of Ethics mc/mpa program as chairs of legis- Q What’s next for this project? Rep. Kevin Honan* mc/mpa 1999 lative committees, many of them I hope to convene a meeting between different organizations that had similar (D-Allston/Brighton), reappointed House Chair, first-time chairs tapped by Rep. efforts so we can all compare notes and see what we want to do or what ought Joint Committee on Housing Robert DeLeo (D-Winthrop), the to be done in the next cycle because everyone did it in a slightly different way. Rep. Alice Peisch* mc/mpa 2009 new speaker of the Massachusetts (D-Wellesley), Vice Chair, Revenue House of Representatives. Q How does this project fit in with your overall research direction? This project is part of a general class of solutions in which technology can make social problems and the effects of public policies more transparent. In this case Rep. William Straus* mc/mpa 2007 it’s the transparency of the election, but there are all sorts of ways that the use of (D-Mattapoisett) Chair, Environment, technological platforms can make the world more transparent. For example, Natural Resources, former Vice Chair of Revenue Archon Fung I think the use of crowd-sourcing technology will be extremely important in the economic stimulus package as it unfolds. s SA

martha stewart martha * Attended hks as Rappaport Urban Scholars 8 harvard kennedy school 9 :: FROM THE CHARLES | spring 2009 | www.hks.harvard.edu

Chellie Pingree s&l 1996 prevailed in a marathon Debbie Halvorson s&l 1999, a Democrat, won the 11th State and Local campaign, including a six-way Democratic primary, in her District in Illinois, a seat that had been held by a Republican successful bid to fill an open congressional seat in 2008 in for 14 years. The first woman to serve as state senate majority Celebrates 30 Years Maine’s 1st District. Over the course of both the primary and leader in Illinois, Halvorson was elected to the state senate in the general election, she participated in a mind-boggling 59 1996, where she got to know fellow freshman Barack Obama. As the Senior Executives in State and Local debates. Pingree like Debbie Halvorson (facing page), served Her old colleague became a subject of great interest on the “ I think it as state senate majority leader, stepping down in 2000 due to campaign trail in 2008. “I had a Republican tell me after the Government Executive Education program term limits. She then ran for the U.S. Senate against incumbent election that he voted for me because I could get anything we helped me celebrates its 30th anniversary, it’s a fitting Republican Susan Collins in 2002. “In some ways, that race was wanted done in the district,” she said. “I laughed, of course. become helpful preparation for running again. I learned a tremendous I told him I’ll sure try.” time to reflect on the program’s success in amount about raising money and building a campaign organi- Halvorson, who began her political career by running for the first preparing leaders to make the most of their zation, and I built up my name recognition,” she said about her town clerk, attended the State and Local program in 1999. loss to Collins. “I also probably got a thicker skin. Campaigns “I know it sounds corny or clichéd, but it truly was life- woman in careers in public service. The program has are tough, and it helps to have been through it before when a changing,” she said. After completing it, Halvorson, a single the state had more than 2,500 participants from all campaign gets tough.” mother of three, was energized to return to school to complete After the 2002 Senate race, Pingree spent four years in her undergraduate education and then continue on for a of Illinois 50 states and 20 countries, including both Washington, serving as the president and ceo of Common master’s degree. “It gave me that confidence that I could do Debbie Halvorson to serve as civil servants and elected officials from Cause, a nonpartisan, nonprofit advocacy organization dedi- anything. I think it helped me become the first woman in the cated to promoting government accountability and citizen state of Illinois to serve as majority leader.” is often a lack of understanding between majority all branches and levels of state and local participation in the political process. When Maine’s 1st District She particularly valued the cross-section of participants in the two. “People learned to get along and government. For some program alumni, seat opened up due to the retirement of Representative Tom the program. “The civil servants and the elected officials really work together to do a good job for our leader.” Allen, she realized that her best path to service might again be ended up learning from each other,” she said, noting that there constituents.” :: debbie Halvorson their paths to service have continued at the through electoral politics. “I could spend time in Washington federal level as members of the U.S. House lobbying members of Congress to do what I thought they should, or I could be the person who cast the vote herself, so of Representatives. The 111th Congress will I decided to give it a try.” add three more State and Local alumni to Pingree came to the State and Local program in 1996. “More Mike Coffman s&l 1995, a Republican, served as an elected offi- His record of public service began when he enlisted in the than anything, it’s a good place to test out some ideas and ways cial in both the executive and legislative branches of state government U.S. Army at age 17 and continued through decades of active their ranks, bringing the current total to 10. of thinking in a safe environment. You’re not doing it in the before winning an open seat in Colorado’s 6th Congressional District. and reserve duty. A veteran of the Army and the Marine Corps, local press or trying it out in a committee in your home state. Coffman, the outgoing Colorado secretary of state, had previously Coffman resigned as state treasurer in 2005 to serve in Iraq. You’re doing it with other people who are trying to stretch and held the offices of state treasurer, state senator, and state representa- He completed a full tour of duty before returning to run for think a little bit differently as well,” she said. “It was an excep- tive. “I was well known in the district,” he said, explaining his success and serve as secretary of state. tionally good program. I really valued the experience, felt in a four-way primary and the general election. While serving as a state senator in 1995, Coffman attended fortunate to do it, and have recommended it to many others the State and Local program. “It was a really exciting program. along the way.” A lot of it was based on decisionmaking from both a policy- Mike Coffman, second from left making and an administrative perspective,” he said. “Being with people who were relatively senior and on the move up was energizing. There was a real cross-section of participants.” Since then, he has been part of an extensive network of “ More than Colorado State and Local program alumni. “There’s a pretty anything, it’s significant alumni population of leaders in Colorado who have gone through the program,” he said. s MK a good place to test out some ideas and ways of thinking “ A lot of [the program] was

Chellie in a safe based on decisionmaking Pingree environment.” from both a policymaking :: chellie Pingree and an administrative perspective.” :: Mike Coffman e coffman mi k e of right: courtesy bottom halvorson: debbie of right: courtesy P ingree; above C hellie of courtesy left:

10 harvard kennedy school 11 :: FROM THE CHARLES | spring 2009 | www.hks.harvard.edu big ideas “located roughly in the center of the Flush with “Senior civilian and military leaders cultural spectrum . . . between the publics often lack a common understanding research samplings living in Islamic and Western societies.” Success of roles and reciprocal responsibilities “This suggests that migrant popula- within the partnership. For example, tions living in Rotterdam, Bradford, and civilians may not see their role in Berlin are in the process of adapting to Sim became involved in toilets as he was looking for making policy as accompanied by a “Once a risk is in Western cultures, while at the same time social work that would offer more meaning to his life, responsibility to ensure that the military continuing to reflect the values learned which had otherwise been devoted to growing his busi- has fully informed that process and people’s minds, their through primary socialization in their nesses (“something that would be a discovery of how to the implementation issues have been original countries of origin,” the authors live life usefully,” he says). But his interest had focused addressed. Military leaders may not willingness to pay to write. on narrower areas, such as the design of public toilets always view their right to advise as a avoid it will often be and their maintenance. His toilet epiphany, he says, responsibility, and they may construe happened during a trip to China, when he visited a their professional advising role as narrow relatively impervious How much we forget village that had recently begun using toilets and realized and reactive rather than broad and to significant changes In a study of Pakistani schoolchildren, the immensity of the impact on the villagers’ lives. proactive.” Harvard Kennedy School Associate “Everything is related to toilets because toilets are :: From “Parameters of Partnership: U.S. in probability.” Professor of Public Policy Asim Ijaz so intimate to the human being,” Sim says. “It is the Civil/Military Relations in the 21st Century,” Khwaja, together with colleagues, looked cheapest preventive medicine for the poor, a measure :: From “Overreaction to Fearsome Risks,” by Sarah Sewall, lecturer in public policy, and by Richard Zeckhauser, Ramsey Professor of at how learning lingers. In “Here Today, of affluence and quality of life, a symbol of status and John White, Belfer lecturer. Political Economy, and Cass Sunstein, Harvard Gone Tomorrow? Examining the Extent dignity, a tourism earner, a great source of return on Law School professor. and Implications of Low Persistence in investment for any buildings and communities, and its Child Learning,” they found that main- impact on water pollution, public health, and other Teaching the children well taining learning is challenging since things like aqua-culture is extremely important.” Schools in Philadelphia managed by “Just because a government measure is only a fifth to a half of achievement Sim’s organization now coordinates the growing for-profit companies outperformed given an environmental label does not persists between grades. number of toilet organization chapters (150 in more schools under nonprofit management necessarily mean that it is motivated than 50 countries, and growing), helps build the infra- in both reading and math, and district- primarily — or even at all — by bona structure for the toilet market managed schools in math, according to fide environmental objectives. To see the Putting a premium on where to grow (he believes toilets a new study by Harvard Kennedy School point, one has only to look at the massive should not be simply handed we earn Jack Sim professors Paul Peterson and Matthew mistake of American subsidies of ethanol Comparing the wages earned by people out, but that people should have Chingos. Thirty-six underperforming (and protection against competing inside and outside the United States a sense of ownership), and city schools were placed under for-profit bio-fuels imports from Brazil). If each with the same identical background acts as a clearinghouse for and nonprofit management by the country on its own imposes border (same country of birth, same education, information. Perhaps most importantly the organization Philadelphia School Reform Commission adjustments for imports in whatever same work experience), Lant Pritchett, helped put the issue on the map through advocacy and in 2002. Peterson’s and Chingos’s study way suits national politics, they will be professor of the practice of development, public relations. has followed performance since then. poorly targeted, discriminatory, and often and colleagues calculated the “place “Due to our vanity, we refuse to admit our relation- covertly protectionist.” premium.” They estimate that a moder- ship to the toilet, avoiding discussions and shutting ately skilled worker would gain $10,000 our minds to new thinking and innovative solutions,” :: From “Environmental Effects of International more moving to the United States — a says Sim, who is studying part-time for a master’s at Shifting color lines Trade,” by Jeffrey Frankel, Harpel Professor of figure roughly double the average income Singapore’s Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy. “What happens when blacks are no Capital Formation and Growth. in the developing world. “This means “We are mentally constipated, and wto’s mission is to longer at the center of civil rights that [policy barriers to labor movement] alumni Jack Sim hksee 2008 is head of the World Toilet Organization facilitate both good bowel and vowel movements.” enforcement?” Harvard Kennedy School result in one of the biggest distortions and committed to encouraging toilet use worldwide. If that movement seems to be happening now, it is Associate Professor of Public Policy Kim Cultural baggage in any global market, create the largest This is the point where people usually start snickering and making bad thanks in part to the World Toilet Summits Sim has Williams asked herself as she prepared In Europe, where migrants make up form of wage discrimination in today’s jokes about “flushing” (see headline) and “going.” They’d probably continue organized and the creation of a United Nations’ World new research on the politics of racial almost 10 percent of the population, world, and lead to what is potentially the laughing if they went to the Web site for his organization, the World Toilet Toilet Day (November 19) he lobbied for. and ethnic change in urban America. integration is a vital question. Particularly greatest antipoverty intervention avail- Organization, whose logo is a blue, heart-shaped toilet seat. And the work has given Sim that sense of meaning Preliminary results from the research, so in the case of Muslim migrants, who able for people from poor countries,” But Sim gets it. In fact he is happy to play along because he knows that if that he was looking for, not just because of the recogni- which surveyed 346 black leaders in the some observers see as creating their own they write. someone’s laughing, then he can usually get them to listen. And when they tion and awards he receives, such as being named one of worlds of politics, business, and religion, societies separate from the mainstream. listen, this is what he tells them: Nearly two-fifths of the world’s popula- Time magazine’s Heroes of the Environment last year. found many feeling displaced by Latinos. New research by Pippa Norris, lecturer To learn more about hks research, go to tion — 2.5 billion — does not have access to a toilet. Half of the world’s hospital “The social sector gives such spiritual rewards that in comparative politics at the Kennedy r www.hks.harvard.edu/research-publications. beds are, at any one time, filled with people sickened by water-borne diseases money could never buy,” he says. s RDO School, and Ronald Inglehart of the caused mostly by water polluted by untreated sewage. Nearly 1.8 million chil- University of Michigan examined the dren die from diarrhea each year. social values of Muslim migrants living in Western societies and found them Jim O rca

12 harvard kennedy school 13 Designs on Development A special approach to development creates a unique response to catastrophe

by Robert O’Neill photography by Piers Benatar

14 harvard kennedy school 15 spring 2009 | www.hks.harvard.edu

When Cyclone Nargis tore into Burma in May 2008, laying waste to a large part of the country and killing more than 150,000 people, relief workers mobilized to help the survivors. At regular township coordination meetings, ngo The agency had been moving tens of thousands Jim and Debbie Taylor started the Burma workers from Yangon city, as well as experts flown in of temporary shelters and improvised water storage program in 2004. by major international relief agencies, hammered out tanks into the worst hit areas. They had been reaching They had met doing development work in the the logistics of getting aid into the flooded Irrawaddy the victims of the storm directly, not leaving the Mississippi Delta in 1978, right out of college. Delta region. As they talked of trucks, boats, tons of supplies at regional hubs and leaving the local “We are both motivated by a desire to improve food, distribution points, some local Burmese men government to organize the distribution. And they the lives of people living in poverty,” says Jim Taylor. sat quietly at the back of the room. They worked for had the supplies people needed most because they “We’ve been given a lot by our families and our International Development Enterprises (ide), a had spoken directly, and listened intently, to the education and always felt a desire to use those skills nonprofit whose Burma operation is run by two survivors. to serve others.” social entrepreneurs, Jim Taylor and Debbie Aung By the end of relief operations, the Taylors esti- The Taylors were interested in working abroad. Din Taylor, both mc/mpa 1990. mate their agency had reached more than a million They went to Cambodia as the country was lurching The men were a little more rustic than the typical people (out of the more than 2 million affected by the toward peace following the devastating rule of the relief worker. “Most of our staff are former rice storm), supplying more than 73,000 family shelters, Khmer Rouge. They worked rebuilding large-scale farmers — regular rural folks,” says Jim Taylor. “One 58,000 farm recovery kits, 4,200 large-capacity water irrigation and in rural health care and learned impor- visiting donor called them ‘salty’ in comparison to tanks, and 110,000 landless families with food rice. tant lessons about direct knowledge of the people the urban-based staff of most groups.” They didn’t It was one of the most effective relief efforts of they were trying to help. get that much attention until the extent of ide’s the first few months. Perhaps most surprising of all, “The relationships we formed there were some “We are both motivated by a desire to improve the reach and effectiveness became apparent. ide was not a relief agency. of the deepest we have ever formed in our lives,” make that product as low-cost as possible and sell lives of people living in recalls Jim. it to the farmer. It’s a concept dubbed “discover, poverty,” say Jim and It was there that they also met Thomas Vallely design, deliver.” Debbie Taylor (above). The couple met doing mc/mpa 1983, director of the Kennedy School’s In Burma, what the farmers needed most was development work in the Vietnam Program. The Taylors felt that they needed water for irrigation, and the cheapest way to get them Mississippi Delta in 1978. LOST LAND more economics training if they were going to make that water, and extend their growing season after the development their lives’ work, and Vallely encouraged rains had passed, was a foot-powered water pump. them to attend the Kennedy School. They designed a model that could be made cheaply Arriving in 1989, the couple immersed themselves locally and that worked best in local conditions. in development economics and policy analysis. As Today they can sell the pump for as low as $12 soon as they graduated, they returned to interna- through a network of more than 200 agro-dealer tional work, moving to Indonesia for seven years shops and delivery agents at the village level, dealing before eventually returning to the United States and directly with the users and helping them set the settling in California in 1997. pumps up and troubleshoot any problems. The $12 Jim got an mba, worked for an agribusiness multi- investment profits the average Burmese farmer about national, and then a dotcom start-up. Debbie had $200 in additional crop sales. That’s money that is been spending more and more time in her native used on things like education and food for the family. Burma, (her father had been the country’s head In just a few years, almost 40,000 families have forester, and though she had grown up largely outside purchased pumps. The Taylors estimate that during Burma, she had retained deep ties to the country). the past four years they have helped 175,000 people, Soon the desire to work overseas took over again. spread across 10,000 villages lift themselves out of But when they decided to move to Burma, with extreme poverty. their two school-age children, they knew they did not Their close relationship with rural households want to work in traditional aid. allows them to constantly work on new products. Satellite images (left) of Burma’s “Most of our staff are former rice They wanted to affect broad change using the Setting up a local design lab with help from Stan- Irrawaddy Delta region before farmers — regular rural folks. One (above) and after (below) cyclone visiting donor called them ‘salty,’” private sector, allowing the people they wanted to ford’s graduate-level Entrepreneurial Design for Nargis hint at the damage inflicted Jim Taylor says of ide’s staff (above). help to define value for themselves. Extreme Affordability course, the Taylors and their by the May 2008 disaster. The But they were able to reach some of In Burma, the Taylors quickly set about finding product design team have developed or redesigned storm is estimated to have killed the worst-hit areas quickly, assess the more than 150,000 people, needs of storm survivors, and bring out what smallholder farmers needed the most to a number of simple but productive products, such displaced 800,000, and affected vital supplies to more than 1,200 jump-start their productivity, and then how to as low-cost water storage bags and a rechargeable the food security of 2.4 million. villages within a few weeks. 16 harvard kennedy school 17 spring 2009 | www.hks.harvard.edu 2

solar light, and they are developing others, including 1 a human-powered rice thresher and a line of fuel- efficient cooking stoves. Their approach, dealing directly with the end users of their products, has allowed them to develop deep relationships at the local level. The openness with which they approach their work — “We’re very transparent about what we do,” Jim Taylor says — has allowed them to conduct their work without interfer- ence from the government. When Nargis struck, all these factors allowed the Taylors to respond in a unique way. Initially they moved quickly to locate about 20 staff members who had been caught in the path of the storm. While an operations center was set up in

the former capital, Yangon, staff from all over the 3 4 5 country began to scour the disaster zone. They found their colleagues, alive and well. But they also found an area more devastated than they could have imag- ined: tens of thousands dead, villages annihilated, livestock and crops destroyed. Reacting to the emergency, the Taylors mobilized all their organization’s resources for the relief effort. Their staff in the area were able to assess the most immediate needs of the survivors: first, shelter and drinking water. Using rapid prototyping techniques, the Taylors determined the optimal size of the plastic tarp shelter needed (3 meters by 4 meters). They repurposed water tanks they had been developing for drip irrigation systems. The products were literally designed, built, and shipped into the needed areas within days. Canada, and the United States, as well as individuals, 1. A four-hour boat ride 3, 4, 5. More than 116,000 “We came directly to their village, despite the They also continue to build on their ties with the Staff members traveled over flooded roads and all impressed with the efficiency of their operation. from the town of Labutta, landless families each distance and difficulty, to deliver assistance into their Kennedy School. Vallely, the man who first urged Wae Daunt is located close received a 50kg supply of down muddy canals infested with leeches and snakes. Donations totaled $10 million. to the Irrawaddy Delta’s rice. For many in the village hands,” she says. “We were able to model good gover- them to study at hks, visited them in January to help In areas where roads had been destroyed, they used The Taylors worked quickly to engineer a recovery mouth. When the cyclone of Twa Khan Yan Lay the nance and transparency.” assess the nation’s agriculture needs. The Taylors’ boats, battling torrential rains and high winds to gain package for small farmers: hand tillers to replace the hit, 60 percent of the aid helped pull them Goods were distributed directly, not through work may be used as a case study. And they plan to villagers were killed. through the lean months access directly to those who needed the supplies. draft animals lost in the cyclone; rice seed that could A boy was one of the 200 of September and October, intermediaries, and transparently, so everyone knew offer internship opportunities to several Kennedy “They have been the true heroes of this crisis,” grow in the soils altered by the flood of sea water; that survived. before the rice harvest. what everyone else was getting. The actual process of School students this summer. Debbie Taylor says of the staff, who endured long diesel to power farm equipment; and fertilizer to “It it wasn’t for you we distribution was helpful to farmers too. “Being called And they know their work has made a real 2. In the village of Ka would have had to go to weeks without a break. boost rice yields. Nyingone, the cyclone killed the side of the road with out by name and being recognized as individuals also difference in people’s lives. But the work was far from over. After relief came More than 58,000 kits were distributed in time 70 people out of about a cup and beg for food,” affirmed the dignity of survivors,” Debbie Taylor says. “We’ve lost our homes, our belongings, our rice rebuilding. for the planting deadline in late July. And one 1,000 and flattened most said one grateful recipient It will take years for the Delta to return to normal, seed, our food, animals, and everything, and it is houses. Villagers told the (above left). Transparency “By mid-June farmers were telling us they were month’s supply of rice was delivered to more than Taylors that without assis- in the aid distribution was the Taylors predict. But they will continue their social difficult,” a farmer from the Delta told them last desperate to plant their rice crop in time for the rainy 110,000 landless families. tance, which included the also important. entrepreneurship work. Currently they are in the summer. “But we have to say that one good thing season,” Debbie Taylor says. Villagers in the delta, Debbie Taylor says, were not loan of tillers and supply process of spinning off from ide into a new organiza- that has come out of this disaster is we’ve come to of special rice seed, they Funds came in from Western governments, just appreciative of what their staff had done, but also could not have planted the tion called Proximity. know we have friends from the outside world who including the United Kingdom, Norway, Denmark, of how they had done it. rice crop in time. care about us.” s

18 harvard kennedy school 19

This information represents as comprehensive a list as was available to the Kennedy School on April 1, 2009. For developments and additions, an updated list is available on the school’s washington calls Web site at www.hks.harvard.edu.

HHHHH H HH HH H H H H H white house It perhaps shouldn’t Department H H H H John Holdren, Professor of Environmental Nancy-Ann DeParle iop 2000, Director, Peter Rouse mc/mpa 1977, Senior Advisor to surprise anyone that a H H White House H H Policy, Assistant to the President for Science White House Office of Health Reform the President, Transition Cochair school of government, H H Office and Technology, Director of the White House H Henry DeSio mc/mpa 2001, Deputy Director of Nancy Sutley mpp 1986, Chair, White House especially one as keenly H H H Office of Science and Technology Policy, and White House Management and Administration Council on Environmental Quality

Agency H sensitive to the call of H

H Cochair of the President’s Council of Advisors Rashad Hussain mpa2 2007, Deputy Paul Volcker ksg 1951, Chairman, Economic

public service and so deeply H Waiting Senate H

H on Science and Technology (pcast) Associate Counsel Recovery Advisory Board H

committed to the real-world approval H Lawrence Summers, University Professor,

H Cody Keenan mpp 2008, Presidential Joani Walsh mpa 2007, Transition Working Group

H H

application of its innova- Red = Transition Team H Director, National Economic Council Speechwriter H

tive ideas, should see some Member H Candace Chin mpp 2008, Special Assistant David Medina mpp 1993, Deputy Chief of Staff

H H

of its best and brightest H to the Director of Presidential Personnel, for the First Lady H

Transition Personnel Department

be called on to serve the H H H H H

President of the United H States. After all, the flow to, and

from, Washington by alumni Sure Can Pick ’Em and faculty has set the Ashton Carter H Damon Munchus Tom Vilsack Samantha Power, Professor of Science mpp 1994, Deputy iop Fellow 2008, national Professor of Practice of The Innovations in American school apart from its very defense and International treasury Assistant Secretary for agriculture Secretary of Agriculture security Global Leadership and Government awards, adminis- beginning. Affairs, Undersecretary Banking and Finance, Jonathan Adelstein H council Public Policy, Senior tered by the Ash Institute for “The school is unique for Acquisition, Office of Legislative hks 1987, Administrator Director of Multilateral Democratic Governance and because not only do we Technology, and Affairs, fdic Transition for the Rural Utilities Affairs, Transition Team Innovation, were created to have a tradition of providing Logistics, Transition Team Member Service Member recognize and reward excel- a scholarly background for Team Member Josh Gotbaum Sarah Sewall nism 1995, lence in the private sector. thinking systematically John White, Lecturer, mpp 1976, Transition Lecturer in Public Policy, So it shouldn’t come as a about problems, but we Defense Department, Team Lead Linda Bilmes, Lecturer National Security Agencies, surprise that three recent winners were among President also have practitioners, Transition Team Lead housing in Public Policy, Transition Team Lead homeland veterans management Obama’s cabinet picks. people that have actually and urban Shaun Donovan Transition Team security affairs and budget Former Arizona Gov. Janet been there,” says Dean Rand Beers, Lecturer in development mpa2 1995, Secretary Member Jeffrey Liebman, Professor Napolitano was picked to serve David Ellwood, himself a Public Policy, Counselor of Housing and Urban of Public Policy, Executive to the Secretary, Development Associate Director, as Secretary of Homeland former assistant secretary Transition Team Lead William Apgar, Lecturer Transition Team Member Security, New York City Housing at the Department of Health Bridger McGaw in Public Policy, Senior Xavier de Souza Briggs Commissioner Shaun Donovan and Human Services in the mpa2 1995 was tapped to head mpp 2004, Advisor for Mortgage mpa 1993, Associate Clinton administration. Acting Assistant Finance Director for General the Department of Housing “So what comes out of the Secretary for the Nicholas Retsinas, health David Blumenthal Government Programs and Urban Development, and school are powerful ideas Private Sector Director, Joint Center and mpp 1975, National environmental former Iowa Gov. Thomas state interior that reach beyond the for Housing Studies, human Coordinator for Health protection Lisa Jackson hksee 2003, Vilsack was picked to head academic world and make Karl Eikenberry Transition Team services Information Technology Administrator the Agriculture Department. a real difference.” nsf 1993, Member Cynthia Giles H Napolitano and Donovan won in 2008: Napolitano for But the election of U.S. Ambassador mc/mpa 2000, Assistant a program that helped reduce President Barack Obama, to Afghanistan William Shafroth H Administrator for recidivism and institutional and the broad array of mc/mpa 1991, Deputy Enforcement and Assistant Secretary for Compliance Assurance violence in state prisons; serious challenges the Donovan for the creation of a Amanda Fuchs Miller Fish, Wildlife, and Parks Rick Wade country and his admin- small fund that allow the construction mpa 2003, mc/mpa 1997, Senior Fred Hochberg istration face, has seen business and of thousands of units of low- justice Office of Legal Policy energy Rod O’Connor commerce Advisor and Acting hksee s&l 1996, Small hks consumer income housing. Vilsack was an unusually large Tom Perez H mpp 1987, mc/mpa 2003, Chief of Staff Business Administration, safety honored in 2005 for a program contingent decamp for Assistant Attorney Chief of Staff, Transition Team Lead exchanging red tape for flex- Washington. General, Civil Rights, Secretary of Energy Marla Felcher, Lecturer in ibility in state government. Transition Working Public Policy, Consumer Group Product Safety Commission

20 harvard kennedy school 21 Kennedy School ideas and leadership point Harvard in a greener direction Going

by Lewis Rice illustrations by chris pyle

Twenty years ago, Clark, the Harvey Brooks Kennedy School representa- director of Harvard’s new Office before many people knew Professor of International tives John Holdren, the Teresa for Sustainability (see sidebar). what global climate change Science, Public Policy, and and John Heinz Professor of Issuing its report in June, was, William Clark was writing Human Development, last year Environmental Policy, who was the committee recommended about the subject. Now the served as chair, along with recently appointed assistant that Harvard should cut its Kennedy School professor Tom Vautin, associate vice to President Barack Obama for greenhouse gas emissions by has helped shape a plan for president for facilities and science and technology and 30 percent by the year 2016. Harvard University to address environmental services, of the director of the White House The report also urges Harvard the problem by reducing its Harvard University Task Force Office ofS cience and Technology to conduct annual and more own greenhouse gas (ghg) on Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Policy; Craig Altemose mpp/jd formal quadrennial reviews of its emissions. He was joined by 20 other 2010; and Heather Henriksen progress and commit to a univer- task force members, including mc/mpa 2008, who later became sitywide research initiative on climate change.

22 harvard kennedy school 23 spring 2009 | www.hks.harvard.edu Gallagher, will produce a book of the same name designed to “hks’s continued focus on on-site conservation proj- brief the Obama administration and Congress. ects, in addition to Renewable Energy Certificates (rec) In addition, Kennedy School professors Iris Bohnet and purchases has moved the school towards a significant Top ten actions Jennifer Lerner are researching behavioral economics to ghg reduction,” the Office for Sustainability reports. determine how best to encourage behavior that will support In order for Harvard to fulfill its mission while the Harvard sustainability effort. For in order to accomplish meeting the reduction goals, the task force recom- 1 Drive less. 5 Take shorter showers. 8 Wash clothes in cold such an ambitious goal, Clark emphasized, “It will require that mended investment in some type of offset or low carbon Walk, bike, and take public transpor- Showers account for two-thirds of water. we be incredibly creative in technologies we adopt, new fuel energy technology, which involves receiving credit for tation instead. all water heating costs. Save, on Up to 90 percent of the energy used sources, and, indeed, behavioral changes.” supporting technology creation or others in reducing average, 350 pounds of carbon 2 Turn off computers. to wash clothes goes toward heating The report from the task force outlines why change is their emissions. The Kennedy School in 2005 offset its dioxide and $99 per year by short- the water. Computers in sleep mode and needed, bolstered by findings contending that greenhouse gas entire electric usage by acquiring rec, commodities that ening the length of your showers or laptops closed but plugged in use emissions pose “a clear and present danger to society.” Noting support renewable energy development. turning down the water temperature. 9 Ditch the plastic. power. Avoid disposable water bottles and that increased emissions and the rising temperature of the Yet the task force report acknowledges that offsets are 6 Adjust your thermostat. earth’s surface may lead to “truly catastrophic impacts,” the sometimes pejoratively characterized as “buying indul- 3 Unplug chargers. use refillable containers. Dress for the season and take it easy task force concluded that emissions from the United States and gences.” Clark emphasizes that offsets wouldn’t serve as Those little plastic transformer boxes 10 Reduce. Reuse. Recycle. on the thermostat. Turn down the the industrialized world should decrease 30 percent from 2005 an excuse for doing less than possible on campus; at the that charge cell phones and cameras heat when not in your room. Rethink. and other items use electricity in levels by 2030 — and that Harvard and other leading institu- same time, the university cannot take drastic measures your house, even when they are not 7 Eat less meat. From the Office for Sustainability tions should do even better. such as vacating buildings or laboratories. In the end, attached to equipment. Livestock are a major contributor to These findings, according to Clark, drove the task force offsets will benefit the environment, he notes, because global greenhouse gas (ghg) emis- r www.green.harvard. recommendation of a 30 percent reduction in greenhouse gas “it doesn’t care who reduces emissions.” 4 Turn out the lights. sions. Reducing the quantity of meat edu/takeaction emissions at Harvard in the short term. That goal is “as deeply The task force having disbanded after issuing its Simply turning out the lights in empty in your diet can significantly decrease based in what Harvard can do as what the science says we need report, Harvard is now undertaking an implementation rooms can save significant amounts your own ghg footprint. of energy. to do,” he says. planning process, a university-wide effort led by the Harvard’s own greenhouse gas emissions, which have been Office for Sustainability. The process will involve capital tracked since 2000, have grown by an average of 4 percent a and facilities planning as well as engagement and year. The university can reverse this trend and spur reductions innovation from all levels of the campus, says Clark. Harvard President Drew Faust, who formed the assurance that we really understood the science and technology through a combination of improved energy efficiency, reduc- The effort will be complicated, but he encapsulates task force, called the recommendations “ambitious and of the problem. That was hugely important because there’s tion in energy consumed, controlled growth, and offsetting it with a simple image. Imagine a hiker who packs a far-reaching, reflecting both the urgency of the climate been all manner of controversy on the climate issue.” emissions we cannot mitigate. Clark calls enhanced energy backpack that’s too heavy. If she keeps taking out even problem and Harvard’s opportunity to show leader- The students, he said, advanced their strong views and those efficiency a “win-win,” as it will not only reduce emissions but the smallest of items, eventually the pack will become ship in addressing the issue.” Following the release of of the larger student population, while maintaining a profes- energy bills as well — costs that now approach $100 million noticeably lighter. Each single thing may not matter the report, the University held a “Harvard Sustainability sional role as members of the committee. “Craig had thought annually at Harvard. much, but the accumulated effort will make a real Celebration” in October that featured former vice presi- deeply about the ethical dimensions of humanity’s approach Major emissions reduction will become even more essential difference in the end. s dent and Harvard alumnus Al Gore, a leading and early to the issue. He saw it as existential and talked about the moral when Harvard expands its operations into Allston. Managing Lewis Rice is a freelance writer living in Arlington, advocate of calling attention to the climate change issue, responsibility of the university,” Clark said. Henriksen “was just that growth, according to the report, “requires balancing the Massachusetts. who in 2007 received the Nobel Peace Prize. superb in getting people to spend the extra time to listen to scale and energy burden of the university with its mission, The task force was formed, according to Clark, each other, craft common ground, and bring us back into the sometimes referred to as ‘right’ sizing.” after former Harvard President Lawrence Summers next meeting in a way that we could actually move forward.” established a broad set of sustainability principles for As for Clark himself, his work leading the task force drew the university. When Faust became president, she on a career focused on climate change and sustainability. expanded that effort, propelled by a campuswide desire In the early 1980s, he edited one of the U.S. government’s force’s goals and manages the students focused on climate issues. to minimize the institution’s impacts on the environ- first reviews of the climate issue. He also ran a program for university’s sustainability initiatives. She was picked to serve on the ment, he said. the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis in Driving principles Before coming to the Kennedy university task force after that group “There was a very broad faculty, student, and staff Vienna, which developed one of the first interdisciplinary School, Henriksen was director of met with Harvard President Drew interest and engagement in issues of climate,” he said. studies of sustainability issues. Clark currently codirects corporate marketing and business Faust to discuss the university’s “There was a consensus across campus that this was a the Sustainability Science Program at Harvard’s Center for heather Henriksen mc/mpa development at Time Warner and commitment to reducing green- very serious problem that many of us were working on, International Development, which seeks to advance under- 2008 hoped she would become a had also worked with Environmental house gases. sustainability director after gradu- Entrepreneurs, a group of business “It was an incredible learning and that certainly would be an area in which we had standing of “human-environment systems” and promote ating. She just thought she might leaders who tout the economic experience,” Henriksen says about both competence and the world would have expecta- sustainability. have to travel a little farther to get benefits of earth-friendly policies. her time on the task force, “not only tions that we would move forward with it.” Clark pointed to other Kennedy School faculty members that job. Her interest in the environment to learn even more about climate Clark praised the contributions of the Kennedy who work on climate change and sustainability. On the Henriksen was tapped last fall was first sparked when she suffered change from some of the world’s School representatives on the task force. Holdren, public policy side, they include Robert Stavins, director of to become director of Harvard’s from mercury poison from eating foremost scientists, but also to really who until his recent administration appointments the Harvard Environmental Economics Program and chair of new Office forS ustainability after fish. “I had a personal wakeup call to dig into all the touch points on how was director of the Science, Technology, and Public the Environment and Natural Resources Faculty Group at the serving as a student representative the impact of toxins on public health policy would affect the university Policy Program at the Belfer Center for Science and Kennedy School, who with other Kennedy School professors on the Task Force on Greenhouse and the impact of the environment and what would be the driving prin- International Affairs, is one of the foremost authorities is leading an effort to forge international climate agreements. Gas Emissions. The office oversees on people’s health,” she says. ciples in actually coming up with on climate in the country, he said. “John was one of my The school also recently hosted a conference called “Acting in the implementation of the task While at the Kennedy School, recommendations.” two or three anchors on the state of the science. He’s Time on Energy Policy,” which, under the leadership of Kelly Henriksen joined a group of graduate authoritative on it and incredibly clear. He brought an is py l e ch r is

24 harvard kennedy school 25 Diplomatic In an illustrious foreign service career spanning Measures more than 27 years, Nicholas Burns achieved great success helping to shape an agree- ment regarding India’s nuclear energy policy and brokering a military defense deal with Israel among other accomplishments. But of all the responsibilities he’s had while representing U.S. interests in Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East, his most recent assignment may have been the most challenging and the most telling. For three years, until his retirement in April 2008 from his post as undersecretary of state for political affairs, Burns was America’s lead negotiator on Iran, Former State spearheading efforts to curb that nation’s nuclear ambitions. But Department he performed that job without ever setting foot in Iran or talking official Nicholas with an Iranian official. Burns was not alone in that regard, as the Burns believes same has been true for every U.S. diplomat of his generation. In fact, talking should in the 30 years following the revolution of 1979 that deposed the come first Shah of Iran, the United States has had no diplomatic relations with that country whatsoever. In many ways, that experience sums up what is wrong — or has been wrong — with U.S. foreign policy, according to Burns, who by Steve Nadis joined the Harvard Kennedy School faculty last September photograph by as a professor of the practice of leah fasten diplomacy and international politics. “We have to talk to our adver- saries,” he insists. “There’s nothing to be gained from shutting ourselves off from the rest of the

26 harvard kennedy school 27 spring 2009 | www.hks.harvard.edu

world — or from one of the most important and The U.S. Agency for International Development be engagement, multilateral engagement, and purposeful Which is not to suggest there isn’t a time and place powerful states in the Middle East,” he adds. “My view (usaid), which provides economic and humanitarian world leadership.” for talk between government officials. In fact, Burns is that by talking to them, we only strengthen our assistance around the world under the guidance of the Although the global warming issue offers a critical believes that discussions with Iran make sense today, position.” State Department, serves as another example. “We had challenge for the world, Burns says, “it’s also a challenge even though we can’t enter into such a conversation Barack Obama espoused a similar philosophy for roughly 15,000 aid officers during the height of the that should unite the world.” Moreover, he sees it as an naively. Instead we need to adopt a tough-minded atti- which he was attacked during the presidential campaign Vietnam War, but now there are just 3,000,” says Burns, opportunity for the United States — and the newly tude, given that Iran is a “very dangerous government” by John McCain and Sarah Palin, who called his willing- a decline of about 80 percent. “The fact is, we haven’t installed Obama administration — to assume a positive that is funding most of the Mid-East terrorist groups, ness to talk with hostile nations naïve at best and “bad sufficiently funded diplomacy at a time when we need leadership role. actively seeking its own nuclear weapons, and generally judgment,” or even “dangerous,” at worst. But within it more than ever.” “When I’ve traveled overseas to Asia, Europe, and wreaking havoc in Iraq. Keeping Iran from becoming a minutes of being sworn in as president, Obama restated That need has grown, despite the relative Latin America, people would often say, ‘You want us to nuclear weapons power is a top priority, but that very theme in his inaugural address, telling leaders neglect diplomacy currently receives, because help you on terrorism, but you won’t help us on our how can we accomplish that? Since military of countries like Iran and North Korea that “we will the 21st century shows every sign of being the biggest concern, global warming, despite the fact that force is not likely to work, nor would that extend our hand if you will unclench your fist.” In her The United era of globalization. Although the United States you’re the world’s biggest carbon emitter,’” Burns recalls. The cost of diminish the Iranian-terrorism connection, first day on the job as secretary of state, Hillary Clinton is the greatest power in the world and is likely Although the United States was not a party to the Kyoto Burns believes that sitting down with also pledged a renewed emphasis on diplomacy in our States to remain so for the rest of our lifetimes, Burns Treaty, we have the chance — as well as an obliga- increasing Iranian officials below the presidential level international dealings. says, other countries — like China, India, tion — to get involved in the next round. At a climate would be an important first step. Much needs to change, in Burns’s opinion, as our employs Brazil — are rising to power. conference to be held in Copenhagen in late-2009, the “Just ignoring them and hoping they relations with Iran, or lack thereof, show the extent to “But this is not something to be feared,” he participants intend to draft a treaty that goes beyond go away is not a wise strategy. The first rule which diplomacy has taken a backseat in U.S. foreign more notes. “This can be good news, rather than bad Kyoto, “and this time we can be in the thick of the battle, diplomatic of statesmanship is ‘know your adversary,’ policy. “In reacting to 9/11, we’ve focused more on what news. It’s in our interests to see other countries contributing positively to the world’s problems,” says and when it comes to the Iranians, we we can do militarily and through intelligence, but we musicians grow stronger so long as we can find a way to Burns. “Our fate is to lead, and our task is to lead well.” corps is literally don’t know who they are or what need a more balanced approach because it’s rare that a work collaboratively with them.” As he sees The hope is that, once again, people will view the United they think.” problem lends itself to a single solution.” Diplomacy in its it, there’s been an incredible burden on the States as a force for good in the world, rehabilitating an miniscule The initial goal should just be to meet needs to be put back into the mix in a big way since, by American taxpayer and American soldier, and image that was badly tarnished after Guantanamo, Abu and talk and see if we can come to any kind his reckoning, 90 percent of foreign policy is diplomacy. military the prospect of other countries stepping up Ghraib, and other low points in American conduct over compared of settlement or shared ideas. “We might As such, it should be regarded as our first line of offense and taking on more responsibility ought to be recent years. get lucky and resolve some issues peacefully, rather than as a mere afterthought. bands than applauded. The take-home message is that we Becoming an effective world leader, he says, will with the which is always better,” Burns says. “There’s Iraq is an example of what can go wrong when we can no longer operate alone in the world; we require a shift in attitude, as well as the ability to listen no sense in trying the military option give short shrift to diplomacy in favor of military action. the State need to ask other countries to do more, to send to and respect others. It will also take a new and broader cost of without talking to them first.” He doesn’t With the benefit of hindsight, Burns says, one can see more troops, and to pay more. interpretation of what diplomacy is all about. see a significant downside to colloquy that the 2003 invasion of Iraq was “a mistake based on Department While this is not a radical idea, Burns “A lot of people think of diplomacy as high-minded increasing or between the two sides. If the talks succeed, faulty assumptions — among them that this was a situa- acknowledges, it represents a major departure conversations over cocktails or tea,” says Burns. “But we’ll have avoided a potentially catastrophic tion that lent itself to a quick military solution.” Instead, has from the first term of the Bush presidency that’s the antique view. Diplomacy in the 21st century maintaining war. And if the talks fail, we’ll be in a better it led to a five-year-plus occupation that few people when the United States sometimes acted involves getting out in the field, rolling up our sleeves, position to convince Russia, China, and foresaw because we didn’t appreciate the political divi- diplomats. unilaterally. With the appointment of Condo- and trying to help the people of the world in a more military other nations to endorse tougher sanctions sions within Iraq. lezza Rice as secretary of state in its second direct way.” The modern view of diplomacy is much against Iran. Overall our involvement there created more problems term, says Burns, the administration began more expansive, essentially encompassing foreign policy troops. Either way we should make a concerted than it solved, he says, illustrating in graphic terms why taking diplomacy more seriously. itself, including foreign assistance, economic develop- effort to get to the negotiating table, we need to “revalidate diplomacy as a principle means Isolationism — a philosophy embraced ment and reconstruction, institution building, military exhausting every diplomatic option before of statecraft.” by some Americans throughout the nation’s and security training, and the provision of basic services. contemplating military measures. War This is not to imply, adds Burns, that we should history — is no longer an option either. All of these elements are deemed critical to long- with Iran is neither inevitable nor desirable, reduce support for the military. A strong military is As the world becomes increasingly complex term success, and they come into play in a place like Burns insists. Talking, on the contrary, essential for a strong diplomacy and the integration of and interconnected, Burns maintains, our best Afghanistan, where, according to Burns, the war poses gives us our best possible chance of success, the two is essential for a successful foreign policy. But recourse lies in building coalitions. That’s an extremely difficult situation for President Obama. even though some observers may not relish our current national strategy relies too heavily on the because the biggest problems facing the world The fighting is becoming bloodier and more dangerous, the prospect of such deliberations. He military, while at the same time diplomacy remains today — global warming, terrorism, interna- with every indication pointing to things getting worse cites former Israeli prime minister (and undervalued, underutilized, and underfunded. tional drug and crime cartels, pandemics, and before they get better. Burns believes that it would be in Nobel Peace Prize winner) Yitzhak Rabin, As an example, Burns points to the fact that the the like — cannot be solved by a single country the interests of both the United States and Afghanistan who once said: “You don’t make peace United States employs more musicians in its military acting alone. Nor can we insulate ourselves to be talking with lower-level members of the Taliban. with friends. You make peace with very bands than the State Department has diplomats (pres- from these problems by just staying home, That said, however, at the moment, the most auspicious unsavory enemies.” And so far, no one has ently about 6,500). Another 1,500 to 2,000 diplomats are Burns says. avenue for diplomacy lies in economic and humani- found a way of doing that — of “making needed to get up to what he calls “full strength.” The “We live in a globalized world and have to tarian programs, like building schools and hospitals, peace” — without opening up some sort cost of increasing the diplomatic corps is miniscule engage in it.” The United States needs to find rather than in summit conferences, says Burns. “This is of dialogue, no matter how unsavory compared with the cost of increasing or maintaining a different way of reacting to international a battle for the hearts and minds of the Afghan people. the foe. s military troops. dilemmas, he adds, “and I hope the answer will We need to show them that the world we want is better Steve Nadis is a Cambridge-based journalist. for them than the world under Taliban rule.”

28 harvard kennedy school 29 bully pulpit

THE BUZZ “ Google “ So how in search the world guys

has Ken Auletta could convince “ You can’t be become themselves in in politics Microsoft’s 2005, 2006 that today without worst nightmare. the price of a having your It’s also the house in Las own YouTube worst nightmare Vegas should be channel.” for any number worth $350,000 :: Steve Grove mpp 2006, head of of other media I’ll never know, news and politics at YouTube, at an Message of Hope iop brown bag about the critical role of companies.” but it’s not YouTube in politics today. :: New Yorker columnist Ken Auletta compatible about the growing influence and power of Google, at a Shorenstein Center with a rational “ There’s no brown bag lunch. model.” “As a nation and a people we have come a great question that :: Ed Glaeser, Glimp Professor of distance,” said Georgia Congressman John Lewis at this was a Economics and Director of the the Forum in November, just two weeks after the elec- “ The Israeli Taubman Center and Rappaport tion of Barack Obama as the United States’ first African transformational people have not Institute, on the real estate bubble in American president. places like Nevada, where there are “For hundreds of years there have been a people campaign . . . . known a single few restrictions on housing supply, struggling and believing, pressing and praying, at the Rappaport Institute’s 101 Series. sacrificing and dying in hopes that they could bring Whether day of peace and this nation to this moment and beyond,” said Lewis, who as a young man marched alongside Martin Luther this will be a the Palestinian King, Jr. “ All presidents Obama was able to convince the American people transformational people have that change is possible, said Lewis. “When nothing else are blind dates.” will do, you have to believe that it can be done. presidency or not had a day of :: Jonathan Alter, columnist for People told us that we wouldn’t make it from Selma to not, I do not justice.” Newsweek, at a Shorenstein Center Montgomery, that we wouldn’t get a voting rights act brown bag about what to expect from passed, that we wouldn’t get a civil rights act, but we :: Nicholas Burns, professor of the know.” the Obama didn’t give up. You must never, ever give up. There may practice of diplomacy, speaking on Adam Nagourney, national presidency. be some disappointments, some interruptions, some :: the 61 years since the creation of political reporter for The setbacks, but you keep pushing, you keep moving.” Israel, at a Forum event on peace in New York Times at a Lewis praised the press for its role in bringing the the volatile region. Shorenstein Center civil rights struggle to the people. “The press has been brown bag about a sympathetic referee in the struggle for social justice.” whether Barack Lewis delivered the 2008 Theodore H. White Lecture Adam Obama’s presidency on Press and Politics, an annual event at the Kennedy Jonathan Nagourney will be as transforma- Alter School that honors the life and career of political jour- tional as his candidacy. nalist Theodore H. White, one of the early architects of the Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and on k lei n Public Policy. rt te wa s ri gh t: lei t os t ha t: ma rt ll p ho a ll le f

30 harvard kennedy school 31 :: BULLY PULPIT | spring 2009 | www.hks.harvard.edu in print

Embedding Global Markets and the un’s Global Compact, along with certification institu- An Enduring Challenge tions — have moved in to fill the void, promoting codes of :: John Ruggie conduct. Despite great progress in promoting voluntary initiatives, their scope remains limited. In 1982, John Ruggie introduced the concept of In addition, great tensions exist around globalization. It has “embedded liberalism” into the field of inter- produced a backlash due to the unequal distribution of globaliza-

Mike McConnell national affairs. At the time it was an utterly tion’s benefits. Also, global rule making has become unbalanced. novel approach, one that studied postwar For example, the World Trade Organization has strengthened international trade and monetary regimes and rules around property rights, while rules intended to promote David Axelrod explored how capitalist countries combined social agendas, such as labor standards, in some cases have become the efficiencies of the markets with broader weaker. Globalization has for many meant a greater vulnerability Forum | Soft Underbelly Ever-changing security threats, values of the commu- including the increasing threat of terrorism and competition for nity . . . hence the resources such as energy, food, and water demand an agile intelli- “embedding” of When Obama and McCain campaign gence community, Director of National Intelligence Mike McConnell Forum | Moment of Peril markets. managers discussed the election in the Forum, talk turned to pivotal said during a visit to the Forum in December. McConnell paid particular In his new book, attention to the dangers of bioterrorism and cyberterrorism. He said moments that altered the course of the campaign. Iraq and the economy Embedding Global Markets: An Enduring that there was a “better than even chance in the next five years” of a were enormously important, perhaps decisive. But the coverage of bioterrorism attack somewhere in the globe. He also described the Obama’s association with Rev. Jeremiah Wright was also a “moment of Challenge, Ruggie, the Kirkpatrick threat of cyberterrorism as the country’s “soft underbelly.” “The United peril.” David Axelrod, chief campaign strategist, described how Obama Professor of International Affairs, has States depends on the cyber infrastructure more heavily than any other wrote his seminal speech on race relations around his busy campaign assembled the writings of almost a dozen nation on earth,” he said. schedule, eventually finishing just hours before he would deliver it. scholars to explore if and how this “I woke up at about two in the morning and there was the speech on concept can be applied on a global scale. my Blackberry,” Axelrod said. “I spooled through the speech and I In 1999, United Nations Secretary e-mailed him back saying, ‘This is why you should be president.’” General Kofi Annan summed up the importance of the concept at the World Economic Forum in Davos: “Our challenge today is to devise a similar [to Forum | Theory of Nonviolence Some of the women peace embedded liberalism] compact on the activists attending the 10th annual Women and Security Program global scale, to underpin the new global took part in a panel at the Forum in January calling for female perspectives economy . . . . Until we do, the global to be heard in the new administration of President Barack Obama.

“Women bring a different definition of security,” said Orzala Ashraf, economy will be fragile and vulnerable.” founder of Humanitarian Assistance for the Women and Children of office Annan’s words resonate nearly a Afghanistan. Marini de Livera, a national project coordinator for the decade later, as the U.S. financial sector un Development Programme in Sri Lanka, noted that although her country ard news meltdown has reached nearly every has seen female presidents, those women rulers are leading a patriarchal country in every corner of the globe. society. “Ahimsa, nonviolence, is the theory, but violence is the practice,” The book is divided into three

she said. Hussein Hassouna ll/ har v M itche parts — the analytics of embedded liberalism, a survey of macro-patterns in the tephanie industrialized countries that show this concept in practice, and to unpredictable forces, such as the 1997 Asian financial crisis and a look forward toward possible building blocks for globalization. those that global markets are experiencing today. ; S ha l e v i ;

u s Ruggie, former director of the Mossavar-Rahmani Center for However, the world still seems to be grappling with the notion Forum | Whose Problem? How to build a framework Business and Government, argues that applying this concept of embedding markets. “Ironically,” Ruggie writes, “it seems that toward reconciliation in Iraq? That was the question pondered to the international arena of globalization may prove daunting, the public has never abandoned the social expectations and aspi- by a panel of diplomats, scholars, and journalists at the Forum ; marc stewart but he is quite sure that corporate actors will play a role. rations expressed in the embedded liberalism compromise.” in December. Ambassador Hussein Hassouna, chief representative of the League of Arab Nations to the United States, One reason for the difficulty is that there is no single “govern- There is a fundamental recalibration going on in the public/ urged that one important point not be forgotten: “The issue of ment” on the international level as there had been on the national private sector balance, Ruggie concludes, occurring at the global

Iraq is a local problem, it is a regional problem, and it is a global ; martha stewart level, and international institutions are not strong enough to level as well as domestic. It therefore seems certain that govern- problem,” he said. “But however we try to approach this issue, counterbalance. “Governments played a key role enacting and ments, states, businesses, and civil society will continue to Left to right: Swanee Hunt, we have to realize that any approach, any solution, concerns sustaining this compromise,” Ruggie notes, especially in not letting struggle — perhaps “haltingly and erratically with something akin Josephine Abalang, Marini the people of Iraq — their destiny and their fate. And it is up to de Livera, and Rufa Guiam markets get too far beyond regulatory capacity and safety nets. to an embedded liberalism compromise.” s MDM : martha l eft top

them to choose what they want.” stewart Civil actors and global civil organizations and move- from ments — such as the corporate social responsibility movements ockwise c l right : martha

32 harvard kennedy school 33 :: IN PRINT | spring 2009 | www.hks.harvard.edu

Providing Public Goods in Transitional China The Patron’s Payoff :: Tony Saich Conspicuous Commissions in Italian Renaissance Art :: Richard Zeckhauser

Economics may be a science and not an art. But Richard Zeckhauser has managed to combine his expertise in economics with insight into the world of art in a new book called The Patron’s Payoff: Conspicuous Commissions in Italian Renaissance Art. Coauthored with Jonathan Nelson, coordinator of art history at Syracuse University in Florence, the book explores how those who supported artists did so not only out of love for beautiful objects. Indeed, the authors show that patrons sought to promote themselves and their families through “conspicuous commissions,” a play on the term “conspicuous consumption.” And the patronage even influenced the art itself. “The ways in which artists met their patrons’ needs for self- promotion dramatically affected the nature, appearance, and China’s economic development has moved content of paintings, sculptures, and buildings,” they write. Tony Saich many hundreds of millions from the coun- Zeckhauser, the Ramsey Professor of Political Economy, tryside to the city, from the field to the views Renaissance practices through the prism of modern factory, and from poverty to something economic theories such as signaling. Patrons would commis- more comfortable. But as the country sion works in order to signal their culture and taste. In the case jumped upward, its social welfare system slipped backward. Before the late 1970s, most welfare was provided through the workplace or rural collectives. But that changed with economic reform. The privatization of state-owned industry alone led to the loss of an estimated 40 to 50 million jobs and their attendant benefits. Reform moved the responsibility for those public goods back toward the household or underfunded local programs. Medical insurance, pensions, and other social welfare became the privileges of the few — those working in select industries or for the government. Medical insurance coverage rates, for example, dropped from around 80 percent to around five percent. In Providing Public Goods in Transitional China, Anthony Saich, Daewoo Professor of International Affairs and director of the Ash Institute, examines how the Chinese government has dealt with these great changes. He analyzes how the government is rebuilding social welfare of Renaissance art, the most affluent and Richard Zeckhauser structures by increasing its investment in social welfare or by part- noble patrons wanted to convey “magnifi- nering with civil society organizations. cence,” often seeking long-lasting commis- He also asks how modern China, whose identity is so deeply sions such as public buildings to purchase the greatest glory for rooted in the idea of equality, has dealt with its evolution into a the money. He also applies the concept of game theory to the land of great disparity and how it plans to transform itself into a art world, exploring the payoffs derived by artists and patrons more equitable nation. s RDO based on their interaction with and influence over one another. For art patrons, the goal was to distinguish themselves in stewart the eyes of audiences, according to Zeckhauser. Status, as well as beauty, is in the eye of the beholder. s LR : martha photos

34 36 36 37, 44 38 41 alumni Director letter classnotes from the field connections books voices spring 2009 | www.hks.harvard.edu/alumni ayton Kent d FROM THE FIELD Jacqueline Collins mc/mpa 2001 A Catalyst for Age

Jacqueline Collins mc/mpa 2001, s&l 2005

Growing up in segregation-era McComb, Mississippi, Jacqueline Collins mc/mpa 2001, s&l 2005 didn’t so much learn lessons about equity and social justice, she lived them.

“I think we’re all shaped by groups, where she volunteered on and social justice that have always our generation, and my formation campaigns including one against driven her. Fallout from sub-prime came during the 1960s,” she says. alcohol and tobacco advertise- mortgage lending first became an “My major influences were John F. ments targeting inner-city youth (a issue in her district five years ago; Kennedy, Robert Kennedy, and Dr. campaign that saw Chicago ban bill- since then, Collins, who serves Martin Luther King, Jr.” boards for those products in the city), as chair of the Senate Financial Now as state senator repre- she was struck by the experience of Institutions Committee, has worked senting a district on the south side affecting change through a combina- to craft legislation that will bring of Chicago, Collins has been putting tion of faith and action. some support to Illinois residents, those lessons to good use, fighting After some soul-searching, she left including a recent bill to establish for legislation aimed at helping those her television job in 1999 and applied a three-month moratorium on worst hit by the housing crisis and by to the Kennedy School’s Mid-Career mortgage foreclosures so that home- predatory lending practices. Program and to Harvard Divinity owners will have the time to enter Collins first sought to work in School, where she received a master’s counseling and develop an alternative public service through journalism. in theological studies in 2003. payment plan. She reported on issues such as Not long after completing those Despite the difficulties the finan- redlining, voter disenfranchisement, degrees, Collins was convinced by cial crisis and the recent gubernato- and housing discrimination. She was her pastor to return home and run rial political scandal have wrought on nominated for an Emmy for her work for the Illinois State Senate. At the her constituents in her home state, as an editor at cbs-tv in Chicago. time, she was living in the home of Collins sees reason for optimism But by the late 1990s she found John Kenneth Galbraith, the eminent and hope. journalism was changing. Harvard economist, an experience “I still believe in the political “When I entered the field, jour- Collins describes as “a great gift.” process as a catalyst for change nalism wasn’t a sensational, celebrity- After some reassurance that she and see the role and responsibility oriented profession,” says Collins. “It would run as a Democrat, Galbraith, of public service as the vehicle to was more investigative, more focused who passed away in 2006, and his make real the promise of American on creating an informed citizenry.” wife, Kitty, hosted Collins’s first fund- Democracy.” s JH She had always been involved in raiser in their home. the public sphere, though. Through Collins’s legislative focus has y Rees y her work with Chicago-based church centered on the same issues of equity B r an d

harvard kennedy school 37 alumni connections Highlights from around the world

OCA on the Road Office of career Advancement The hks Office of Career Advancement and the Alumni Relations Office cosponsor a series of Career Networking Events in several U.S. cities on an annual basis. Throughout the month of January, present and former students and local area professionals gathered in New York City, Washington, DC, and San Francisco to network with other members of the hks community, as well as local representatives from a variety of sectors. Participants in each city enjoyed a combination of keynote speakers, panel presentations, informal meetings, and struc- tured networking opportunities. Crisis and Opportunity New York City Two hundred New York- New england Harvard Kennedy School Dean Washington, DC area alumni shared an David Ellwood spoke to members of the hks New The hks Career Night in evening of socializing England Alumni Association on December 12. Washington, DC, was held and networking January Among other pertinent issues, Ellwood discussed at the National Press Club 21 in Manhattan. Tami the economic crisis, the U.S. elections, and on January 22. Alumni Kesselman mpa2 1995 President Obama’s Transition Team. Following his and area representatives, hosted a panel presenta- remarks, an evening reception was held at the at organization-specific tion on job search strate- Harvard Club of Boston. tables, were on hand gies called “Creating the to serve as resource Career Path You Want.” r Alumni :: www.hks.harvard.edu/alumni sfor approximately 600 A number of informal SAN FRANCISCO attendees. In conjunc- lunches were held Extraordinary Times Bay Area alumni met tion with this event, throughout the city as January 14 to build the hks Office of Career part of the 2009 Career Minnesota “If President Obama’s on the success of last Advancement organized Networking event. words move from rhetoric to action year’s hks Career alumni panel discus- Dean’s Council member Networking Event, sions throughout the city. Richard Plepler, copresi- in the United States and around coordinated by the hks Joseph McCarthy, senior dent of hbo, hosted and the world, the skills and talents regional association associate dean and sponsored this event at of our graduates will be in high in San Francisco. More director of degree the hbo building in New than 100 participants programs, Donald Tighe York City. demand.” gathered for an evening mc/mpa 1999, president The Minnesota hks alumni chapter joined with the Harvard of mingling, networking, of the DC Regional Alumni Club of Minnesota and the hks Office of Enrollment Services and reconnecting. Paul Association, and many to coordinate a reception for area alumni on February 11. Tauber mpp 1992 and alumni hosts were instru- Robin Engel, director of mpa programs, gave the keynote Coblentz, Patch, Duffy mental in making the address and discussed “The Role of the Kennedy School and Bass llp graciously event possible. in Extraordinary Times.” Engel stressed the relevance of hosted this event at a Kennedy School education in the context of President San Francisco’s Ferry Obama’s recent elections and the challenges that his Debating Party administration will face. Building. new york, ny The New York City Alumni Steering Committee welcomed newly relocated London Calling members of the class of 2007 to the nyc alumni network at its holiday party on December London Nicholas Burns, professor of the 19th. Fifty alumni from a variety of graduating practice of diplomacy, discussed “Foreign Policy Challenges Facing the Obama Administration” classes and professional fields gathered to remi- nisce about their hks experience and to share during his address January 25 to approximately k t; istoc 30 alumni at the hks Forum in London. Attendees news about their current work. Party-goers a r gathered at the Sloane Club for an evening of spent three hours enjoying food, drinks, and

cocktails, dinner, and a q&a session after Burns conversation. The steering committee is plan- w ste t h a spoke to the group. ning other events and encourages all alumni in t: Ma r (To learn more about Nicholas Burns’s the area to join in the fun.

ideas, see story on page 26.) o p l e f T

38 alumni publications

t Royal Escape t Welcome to the t Leadership as a Vocation Susan Froetschel mc/mpa 1989 Urban Revolution Celebrating the 25th Anniversary of the McCloy Froetschel’s How Cities Are Changing third mystery the World Program at Harvard University Edited by Tim Maxiam Rusche follows a fictional Jeb Brugmann mc/mpa 1988 mc/mpa 2004 and Guido British princess Cities are now home to more Houben mpa2 2004 as she struggles to than half the world’s people. separate herself This new concentration of people, McCloy Program alumni join from the husband which is expected to increase to Kennedy School faculty and and the royal 5.5 billion in the next 25 years, is German public policy school family she married transforming ecology, economics, pioneers in examining all facets into. Besides politics, and social relations of leadership, including why it is chronicling everywhere, for needed, how it can be taught, and Princess Elena’s efforts to raise her better or for worse, the opportunities for leadership children and live her life despite Brugmann writes. in globalization. Harvard the stifling pressure of the royal And as the world academics Joseph Nye and trap she finds herself in, the book itself is organized Barbara Kellerman are joined by, also questions the value of the into an urban among others, Kennedy School monarchy as a public institution system, the nature alumni: Rasmus Tenbergen mpa2 in the modern world. of what we call the 2001; Maria Tampe mpa2 2005, city is also being hksee 2005; Sebastian Lorenz transformed. mpa2 1998; Maximilan Martin t Sudden Threat mpa2 2000; Mirjam Schöning A.J. Tata nsf 2000 mpa2 2000; Holm Keller mpa2 No Small Change: 1996; Sebastian Litta mpa2 2010; The action thriller is a prequel t Susanna Krueger mpa2 2002; to Tata’s first book, Rogue Threat. Pension Funds and Corporate Engagement Stefanie Teggemann mpa2 2000; Tata, who has commanded a Manjana Milkoreit Tessa Hebb paratrooper battalion in the 82nd mpp 2007; Dietmar mc/mpa 1996 Airborne Division and was the Herz mpa2 1989; deputy commanding general of Pension funds are the Ebrahim Afsah the 10th Mountain Division in largest single driver of mpa2 2001; and Afghanistan in 2006 to 2007, is global financial markets. Marius Busemeyer donating all royalties from sales But because they will mc/mpa 2005. of the book to the United Services have to pay out benefits Organization Hospital Services over many decades, those Fund to help care funds are also increasingly for wounded concerned about the veterans and their long-term value of the stocks families. they hold and are therefore engaging with corporations to raise their environmental, social, and governance standards. Hebb examines the positive and negative aspects this corporate engagement can have on both the funds and the corporations they seek to influence.

harvard kennedy school 41 Nadav Tamir mc/mpa 2004 FROM THE FIELD Issa Kassissieh mc/mpa 2004 uncommon alliance

Issa Kassissieh mc/mpa 2004 and Nadav Tamir mc/mpa 2004 speak at the Mason 50th reunion last November.

“He was the only Palestinian, and we were a group of Israelis,” says Nadav Tamir mc/mpa 2004, as he remembers the beginnings of his if I win, he loses. We used ourselves as test cases, which made the lessons friendship with Kennedy School classmate Issa Kassissieh mc/mpa tangible.” 2004. Though they had grown up just a short distance apart, Tamir Both are hopeful but realistic about the change a new American and Kassissieh lived on opposite sides of a struggle that has blighted president can help bring. “There are their people for generations. spoilers who would like to sabotage any peaceful process,” says Tamir. “On But at the Kennedy School, a place important it is for people in the the other hand, there are many people they would come to appreciate as a Middle East to see each other, to talk, like Issa and myself who believe in a “neutral ground” thousands of miles and to mingle with others. At home two-state solution. It needs persever- distant from the conflict, they were we can’t do that.” ance and leadership, but that’s what able to form a close friendship. And It went so well that the pair we learned at the Kennedy School. using, in part, some of the lessons decided to address other groups in Everything is possible, and we are learned together in the classrooms, and around Boston. “The moderate committed to making it happen.” they have even embarked on an effort Palestinian voice is not heard so The two are expanding their to help both sides draw closer. much in the States,” Kassissieh joint efforts through involvement “We created this human connec- says. “My voice is heard better with in Israeli-Palestinian Negotiating tion between us,” says Tamir, who Nadav’s and his is heard better with Partners, a group focused on has served as consul general of Israel mine. This is how we create change increasing the effectiveness of nego- to New England since 2006. It was a — through dialogue, engagement, tiations by bringing common tools connection that inevitably found its and changing wrong perceptions.” and methodologies to senior officials expression in addressing the conflict The challenge of coming to terms on both sides of the table. Beside that so dominated theirs and their with their own differences was met in their personal friendship, they both nations’ lives. Eventually they decided part with tools they acquired at the recognize the value of their connec- to give a joint talk in the Forum Kennedy School. “The blame game is tion in achieving something for their about the issues surrounding the actually the ultimate work avoidance respective homelands. conflict. — that was an insight from our lead- “The Kennedy School creates “Each spoke from his heart and ership class,” Tamir remarks. “Insights this synergy by bringing together mind, and we took many questions from leadership and negotiation people from all over the world in from the audience,” says Kassissieh, classes helped them think about how an atmosphere of openness,” Tamir a senior foreign policy advisor for to create value and expand the pie for says. “With that sort of environment, Palestinian Prime Minister Mahmoud both Israelis and Palestinians without people can transform themselves and

Abbas. “It was a message about how resorting to a zero-sum game where their lives in the real world.” s JH t a r w ste t h a

44 Ma r Board of Directors Ernest Goodson mpa 2002 Victor Chu Rayona Sharpnack Lou Kerr of the HKS Alumni Fred Hochberg s&l 1996 Tony Conza Anisya Thomas Sung Joo Kim Henry Hubschman mpp 1973, Howard Cox, Jr. executive committee Patricia Kouba Association jd 1972 Bharat Desai at-large Roelfien Kuijpers David Hulse mpp 1984 Arnold Donald Renee LaBran executive committee Sharon Allen Mazen Jaidah mpp 1996 Bülent Eczaciba¸si Diane Laurance Michèle Boutros-Ghali Rudy Brioché mpp 2000, Chair David Johnson mpp 1983 hrh Princess Firyal of Jordan Robin Leeds Diane Dixon Rosario Calderon mpa 1988, Karen Kalish mpa 2000 Jacob Frenkel Amy Levine Jean Minskoff Grant, Former Chair vice Chair Stacey Keare mpp 1994 Steven Green Renee Brody Levow Janice Bryant Howroyd Jacquelyne Weatherspoon John Kennedy mpa 1988 Clifford Gundle Sheela Levy Claudia Kahn mpa 1991, Treasurer Petros Kokkalis mpa 2002 Azadeh Hariri Deborah Lindholm Francine LeFrak Gary Schwarz mpa 2007, Secretary Florence Koplow mpa 1995 James Harpel Carol Locke Farah Karim mpa2 2001, James Langevin mpa2 1994 Alan Hassenfeld corporate members Linda LoRe members-at-large Pat Lawson mpa 1989 John Incledon Jennifer Allyn mpp 1994, Ann Lovell Paul Hodge mpa 2000, Ex-Officio Nancy LeaMond mcp 1974 Tasso Jereissati PricewaterhouseCoopers Maria Paola Luksic Giles Whiting mpp 2005 Leon Loeb mpp 1972 Nicholas Josefowitz Mary Bennett, Crowe Horwath llp Ranjini Manian Kent Lucken mpa 2001 Maha Kaddoura mpa 2000 Best Buy Florine Mark members J. Michael McGinnis mpp 1977 Joseph Kasputys Beth Brooke, Ernst & Young Lana Marks Gayane Afrikian mpa 2005 Patricia McGinnis mpa 1975 George Kellner Michelle Gadsden-Williams, Bobbi McKenna Jeff Amestoy mpa 1982 Robert Metzger bcsia Jamileh Kharrazi novartis Ellen McLaughlin Marilyn Averill mpa 2000 Preston Miller, Jr. mpa 1976 Nemir Kirdar Dana Hagendorf, Audemars Piguet Pamela McLean Michael Cardoso mpa 2005 Marcia Morris mpa 1993 Latifa Kosta Janice Bryant Howroyd, Neena Mehta Roland Castañeda jd/mpp 1974 Ajay Nagpal mpp 1992 Ned Lamont act-1 Personnel Services Ellen Mignoni Kriengsak Chareonwongsak Robert Olian mpp/jd 1977 Nicholas Lazares Lorie Jackson mpa 1982, ExxonMobil Diane Miller mpa 2007 Anthony Otten mpp 1981 Brandt Louie Angela Schwers, Pearson Education Patricia Mitchell Shannon Christian mpp 1987 Howard Paster mcrp 1979 Bertram Lubner members Ellen Jane Moore Andrea Marmolejo mpa 1988 Anne Reed mpa 1981 Yoko Makino Barbara Morrison Carla Abourjeily Kathe Mullally mpa 1998 Jorge Rosenblut mpa2 1985 George Mallinckrodt Valerie Mosley Giselle Acevedo Daniel Ostergaard mpa 2004 Sean Rowland mpa 1997 W.A. Manoukian Pansy Muller Mindy Lipson Aisen Lenora Peters Gant ksgee 1997/99 Sean Charles Rush mpa2 2007 Deryck Maughan Marilyn Carlson Nelson Maha Al-Juffali-Ghandour Pradeep Singh mpa 1991 Danny Sebright mpa 2001 Mark Mendell Anne Nobles Wendy Appelbaum Janet Thompson mpa 1987 Daniel Sheffey mpp 1989 James Metzger Julia Novy-Hildesley Elizabeth Arky associate members Harry Sherr mpa 2003 Yogendra Modi Gun Nowak Jan Babiak Andrew Sieg mpp 1992 Anthony Morris Anna Ouroumian Greg Rosenbaum jd/mpp 1977 Ellyn Bank Heather Steans mpp 1987 Marvin Odum Aysen Ozyegin Emily Card phd, mpa 1981, Marilyn Barrett Bob Suh mpa2 1985 Idan Ofer Kristine Pearson haa Representative Barbara Beck Harriett “Tee” Taggart mcp 1973 Jorma Ollila Maureen Peckman Armando Lopez-Fernandez Clare Beckton mpa 2005 Elizabeth Tamposi mpa 1984 Alvar Ortiz Cusnier mpa 1983 Carol Penn mpa 1978, haa Representative Stephanie Bell Rose mpa 1984 William Tobey mpp 1984 Minnie Osmeña mc/mpa 1978 Carol Perrin Nicoletta Bernardi Joseph Tompkins mpp 1975, jd 1974 hksee 2000 Sarah Raiss Dean’s Alumni Carol Lavin Bernick Stacey Gillis Weber mpa2 1990 Richard Plepler Joyce Reuben Susan Bogart Leadership Council Thomas White mpa2 1982 Andrew Rappaport Margaret Rose Cecelia Boone Greg Rosenbaum jd/mpp 1977, Chair Gita Wirjawan mpa 2000 Gordon Rawlinson Nancy Russell Maria Efantis Brennan Joseph Caldwell mpa 1985, Wilfred Wong mpa 1987 John Reed Sarina Russo Maxine Burton vice Chair Rudy Brioche mpp 2000, Ex-Officio David Richards Kim Samuel-Johnson Mary Carrington José María Figueres mpa 1991, James Rogers, Jr. Virginia Sanchez Deborah Carstens vice Chair Visiting Committee Greg Rosenbaum mpp/jd 1977 Hoda Sarofim-Sawiris Joan Chrestay Joshua Gotbaum mpp/jd 1976, Joseph Roxe Susan Silbermann Joel Fleishman, Chair Kathy Cloninger vice Chair Mohammad Safadi Pamela Smith Charles Baker, Jr. Betty Cohen Paul Hodge mpa 2000, Paul Sagan Pernille Spiers-Lopez Robert Belfer Anne Cointreau Founding Chair and Vice Chair Armen Sarkissian Fredericka Stevenson Douglas Bereuter mcp 1966 Elizabeth Colton Yoko Makino mpa 1999, Vice Chair Ralph Schlosstein Vickie Sullivan Rebecca Blank Lizbeth Cooney Hilda Ochoa-Brillembourg Mark Schwartz Mary Green Swig John Deutch Laurie Cunnington mpa 1972, Vice Chair John Shane Robin Talbert Cheryl Dorsey mpa/md 1992 Darlene Dagget Michael Spies mcrp 1982, Vice Chair Nicholas Shreiber Sandra Taylor Ann Fudge Martha De Laurentiis Judy Wade mpp 1989, Vice Chair Neil Smith Linda Kaplan Thaler John Gage Cristina de Manuel Jill Wagner mpa2 1983, Vice Chair Rory Stear Emily Tong Joshua Gotbaum mpp/jd 1976 Saundra Dockser Joan Abrams mpa 1993 Peter Steiner Beatrice Trussardi James Harpel Ivelisse Estrada Geraldine Bermejo Acuna-Sunshine Björn Stigson Kathleen Valenti James Johnson Haifa Fakhouri mpp 1996 Christen Sveaas Damayanti Vasudevan Lawrence Katz Nina Fialkow Merribel Ayres smg 1984 Tony Tamer Herta Von Stiegel Harold Koh Anne Finucane Douglas Bereuter mcp 1966, John Taysom Lauren Wachtler Peter Malkin Marsha Firestone mpa 1973 Sidney Topol Diedra Wager Bijan Mossavar-Rahmani Stacy Fisher Stuart Bernstein mpa2 1991 Samir Toubassy Judith Wagner mpa 1982 Janie Fong Jeffrey Bialos mpp 1980 Stokley Towles Meredith Wagner Franklin Raines Karen Frank William Blais mpa2 1982 Marvin Traub Claudia Walters Alice Rivlin Carolee Friedlander Osman Boyner mpa2 2001 Donald Tsang mpa 1982 Lara Warner David Rubenstein Carol Fulp Teresa Brady mpp 1983 Adair Turner Leigh Wasson Ralph Schlosstein Maureen Gaffney Joseph Campbell mpp 1978 Agâh U˘gur Marcia Wilson Klaus Schwab mpa 1967 Denise Gatling Craig Cardon mpa 2002 Enzo Viscusi Marie Wilson Marta Tienda Dana Goldinger Alexandre Chavarot mpp 1992 Brooke Wade Ellen Wingard Lan Xue Sandra Gooch Nancy Connery mpa 1979 John Whitehead Ann Ziegler Sarah Moores Walker Guthrie Robert Culver mpa 1978 Malcolm Wiener Dean’s Council Sheila Harrell William Cunningham mpa 1983 J. McDonald Williams Mark Dalzell mpp 1979 Peter Malkin, Chair Barbara Harris Diane Damskey mpa2 1988 Gianna Angelopoulos-Daskalaki, Women’s Leadership Kathy Harris Vice Chair Michael Davis mpp 1992 Board Patricia Harris Shari Davis mpp 1989 Roy Ash Linda Hart James DeNaut mpa2 1989 Kathleen Bader executive committee Joan Helpern Thomas Barry Sara Hildebrand Christine Dillon mpa 2004 Roxanne Mankin Cason, Chair Pius Baschera Margaret Holzworth Scott Eblin mpa 1987 Barbara Annis, Chair Elect Robert Belfer Mary Ellen Iskenderian Philip Edmundson mpa 2004 Haifa Fahoum Al Kaylani, Hazem Ben-Gacem Tamara Jacobs Arturo Fermandois mpa 1994 Vice Chair, International Judith Benardete Janis Jones Ernesto Fernandez-Hurtado Renee White Fraser, Steven Berger Laurie McDonald Jonsson mpa 1948 Vice Chair, Domestic Daniel Biederman Margaret Jurca Robert Ferri mpa 1986 Margaret Traub, Treasurer Mary Boies Claudia Kahn Caroline Flueh mpa2 1990 Jennifer Allyn mpp 1994 Ali Bozkurt Ann Kaplan John Gage ksgp 1971 Loreen Arbus Robert Calhoun Laurel Karabian Thomas Gallagher mpp 1978 Linda Coughlin Marilyn Carlson Nelson Dato Fawziah Abdul Karim Aaron Gershenberg mpp 1989 Julia Bailey Dulan Cecilia Chan Margaret Kavalaris

harvard kennedy school 45 ways and means “ The Kennedy School pushed me to do more critical thinking than I had ever done before. I learned how to see situations and issues Celebrating Leadership with an analytical perspective. Mason Program receives $10 million boost This really helped me to grow

Highlighting the 50th anniversary celebration of the Edward S. from a junior officer to become Mason Program, Dean David T. Ellwood announced that Harvard foreign minister and finally Kennedy School, with the help of funds from the Ford Foundation, would allocate an additional $10 million to this innovative program, secretary-general of the United which trains emerging leaders from developing nations. Held at the Ford Foundation in New York, the special event was hosted by the Nations.” foundation, the school, and Caroline Kennedy. Mason alumnus :: un Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon mc/mpa 1984 and Mason alumnus Ban Ki-moon mc/mpa 1984, secretary-general of the United Nations, and Noreen Dunne mc/mpa 1991, deputy director of Hayden Hall, a community development center in Darjeeling, India, illustrated the breadth and power of the program during their remarks. “ What we’re trying to do is Since 1958, the Mason Program has graduated some 2,000 1 Honored guest Ban Ki-moon improve the quality of people’s emerging leaders from 130 countries across Africa, Asia, Latin 1 3 mc/mpa 1984, secretary- America, the Caribbean, the Middle East, eastern and central Europe, general of the United Nations lives, and if we can just do that, and the former Soviet Union. Its alumni include four sitting heads and an alumnus of the Mason of government: Felipe Calderón mc/mpa 2000, hksee 2003, president Program, delivered the 2008 maybe we can restore some Albert H. Gordon Lecture on of Mexico; Ellen Johnson Sirleaf mc/mpa 1971, president of Liberia; Finance and Public Policy. balance in a very unjust world.” Lee Hsien Loong mc/mpa 1980, prime minister of Singapore; and 2 Luis Ubiñas, cohost and pres- :: Noreen Dunne mc/mpa 1991 and Mason alumna, who is the deputy Sir Donald Tsang mc/mpa 1982, chief executive of Hong Kong. ident of the Ford Foundation, director of Hayden Hall, a community development center serving A longtime supporter of the Mason Program, the Ford Founda- joins the evening’s surprise tion funded the very first fellowships for the program’s inaugural speaker, Noreen Dunne impoverished women and children in Darjeeling, India mc/mpa 1991, an alumna of class. This latest commitment, made possible by the redirection the Mason Program. of existing Ford Foundation funds to the university, will allow the 3 Caroline Kennedy, president Kennedy School to create the Ford Foundation Mason Fellows. of the John F. Kennedy Library “ These important fellowships “The stunning events in the world today, ranging from financial Foundation and cohost of crises to climate change to violent conflicts illustrate how vital it is the event, talks with Gianna will have a tremendous domino Angelopoulos-Daskalaki, that the most talented individuals engage in public service around president of the organizing effect — first, making it possible the globe,” said Ellwood. “These important fellowships will have a committee for the 2004 Olympic 2 4 tremendous domino effect — first, making it possible for the most Games in Athens, Greece, and ambassador-at-large, Republic for the most talented leaders talented leaders from poorer nations to receive a Kennedy School of Greece. Ambassador education and then, as they return home, enhancing the leadership Angelopoulos-Daskalaki is vice from poorer nations to receive capacity in some of the most underserved corners of the globe.” chair of the hks Dean’s Council. “The Mason Program is emblematic of the foundation’s commit- 4 Socrates and Eleni Kokkalis. a Kennedy School education ment to strengthen democratic values and increase international Founder and chairman of Intracom Holdings, Mr. Kokkalis and then, as they return home, cooperation,” added Luis Ubiñas, Ford Foundation president. “The established the Kokkalis program offers a unique opportunity for leaders from the world’s Program on Southeastern and enhancing the leadership most marginalized and underserved communities to further their East-Central Europe at Harvard Kennedy School. Over the capacity in some of the most skills and education and ultimately to address the threats and chal- past 11 years, the Kokkalis lenges that affect their people and countries. Many of the crises the Program has provided vital underserved corners of world faces now are driven by a failure of leadership. The Mason financial support to more than 40 Kennedy School students, Program builds leadership.” 12 of whom were also Mason the globe.” Fellows. :: David T. Ellwood, dean of Harvard Kennedy School t ar stew th a m ar

46 harvard kennedy school 47 exit poll

“ I believe in the transformative impact of this GIVING BACK institution.”

Greg Rosenbaum mpp/jd 1997 President, Palisades Associates, Inc. with son Eli Rosenbaum mpp/jd 2009

What are some of your favorite What inspires you to give so a group of successful alums discussing issues memories of the Kennedy freely of your time and treasure of importance to the dean and school brings back my whole Harvard experience, while our interac- School, and how has your to Harvard Kennedy School? tions with current students renews my hope for, education influenced your I believe in the transformative impact of this and faith in, the future. career? institution. Coming out of a large public high I remember best the class I took at the Kennedy school in Ohio that had sent only one student to How has Harvard influenced School titled “Uses of History,” with Dick Harvard before me, I didn’t know what to expect when I arrived in Cambridge in 1970. The stimu- your personal life? Neustadt and Ernest May. I learned to think I will forever be in Harvard’s debt. My wife about history in evaluating decision options, lating educational experience, shared with The December campus-wide light installation, with people from very different backgrounds, opened and I met as undergraduates in Quincy House. Etched in Light and I continue to draw on that course to this day. Our older son, who will graduate in June with text from the declaration’s 30 articles projected onto In founding Palisades Associates 20 years ago, my eyes to the outside world. That personal experience is a key reason why I am completely both an mpp and jd, and his fiancée, now an The Littauer Building, seen from the Harvard University landmarks, was part of a year-long I brought all my education and experience supportive of the goal to make it possible for mpp/up student, met as undergraduates in celebration of the historic document’s 60th anniversary. together to create the work I love, reviving Kennedy School quad, is illuminated qualified applicants to attend Harvard regardless Dunster House. Our twins are now freshmen The Carr Center for Human Rights Policy collabo- distressed businesses. I’ve found it critical of financial means and why I support loan repay- at the college. with words from Article 21 of the rated on the display with the University Committee to understand the history of a troubled ment programs for graduates of hks who pursue on Human Rights Studies, the Film Study Center, the business — its original strategy and how it got Universal Declaration of Human Rights, careers in public service. Department of Visual and Environmental Studies, and off-track — to create a viable path to recovery. With my career success came a desire to the right to participte in government Overall I benefited quite a bit from the r on the web Media and Technology Services. give back to Harvard. hks stood out as the place analytic courses at hks, which were excellent. and free elections. I wanted to help the most because of its relative Learn more about what you can do Combined with the persuasive speaking skills youth and the importance of its mission. to support Harvard Kennedy School at r on the web I honed as a high school and college policy Although I serve on other Harvard and hks www.hks.harvard.edu/about/giving debater, my hks analytical training has given Learn more about the Carr Center committees, the hks Dean’s Alumni Leadership me a unique perspective to understand prob- 617-496-7073 at www.hks.harvard.edu/cchrp Council, which I have chaired for 5 years, is where lems, figure out solutions, and convince people 617-496-4511 fax to implement those solutions. I focus much of my energy. Being in a room with t t t ewar t ewar ha s t ha s t ha

48 Mar Mar Nonprofit Organization U.S. Postage PAID 79 John F. Kennedy Street Burlington, VT Cambridge, MA 02138 USA Permit No. 216 617-495-1100 www.hks.harvard.edu

Reunion Weekend Reunion To-Do List

May 15–16, 2009 Call your friends and make sure they are attending Reunion Degree program alumni from the Weekend. classes of 1984, 1989, 1994, 1999, Check out your class page on and 2004, make sure you cross the Kennedy School Web site everything off your to-do list and for class-specific events at join us for Reunion Weekend! www.hks.harvard.edu/about/ alumni/reunions. Questions? E-mail [email protected]. Make your travel plans: book edu, or call the Reunion helpline at hotels, reserve a friend’s couch, and purchase tickets. 617-496-9959.