A Field Guide To the Permanent Sample Plots in the Conventional Logging Blocks 28 & 29 at CIFOR Malinau Research Forest East Kalimantan

Kuswata Kartawinata Hari Priyadi Douglas Sheil Soedarsono Riswan Plinio Sist Machfudh

A Field Guide To the Permanent Sample Plots in the Conventional Logging Blocks 28 & 29 at CIFOR Malinau Research Forest East Kalimantan

Kuswata Kartawinata Hari Priyadi Douglas Sheil Soedarsono Riswan Plinio Sist Machfudh National Library of Indonesia Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Kartawinata, Kuswata et al. A fi eld guide to the permanent sample plots in the conventional logging blocks 28 & 29 at CIFOR Malinau research forest East Kalimantan/by Kuswata Kartawinata, Hari Priyadi, Douglas Sheil, Soedarsono Riswan, Plinio Sist, Machfudh. Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2006.

113p. ISBN: 979-24-4631-1

CAB Int. thesaurus: 1. logging 2. sample plot technique 3. stand density 4. forest trees 5. identifi cation 6. Indonesia 7. guidelines

© 2006 by CIFOR and ITTO All rights reserved. Published in 2006 Printed by Intiprima Karya

Cover photos by Hari Priyadi and Ahmad Zakaria Cover design by Eko Prianto Layout by Catur Wahyu Maps by Mohammad Agus Salim

Published by Center for International Forestry Research Mailing address: P.O. Box 6596 JKPWB, Jakarta 10065, Indonesia Offi ce address: Jl. CIFOR, Situ Gede, Sindang Barang, Bogor Barat 16680, Indonesia Tel.: +62 (251) 622622; Fax: +62 (251) 622100 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.cifor.cgiar.org 3

Contents

Foreword 4 Introduction 5 The Plot 8 Access to a Plot 9 Plant Identifi cation 10 Distribution of PSPS 11 Plot# CNV01 12 Plot# CNV02 19 Plot# CNV03 28 Plot# CNV04 35 Plot# CNV05 42 Plot# CNV06 52 Plot# CNV07 60 Plot# CNV08 67 Plot# CNV09 77 Plot# CNV10 87 Plot# CNV11 96 Plot# CNV12 105 4

Foreword

The CIFOR Permanent Sample Plots (PSP) were established in 1998 in conjunction with the Phase 1 of the ITTO Project dealing with sustainable forest management, integrated land use, reduced-impact logging, biodiversity in the production forest, and cultural and social aspects of logging. In terms of technical perspectives, PSP are an important tool to monitor forest dynamics and changes, long term growth and yield and to provide critical data for evaluation of ecological model. For silvicultural purposes PSP supply data on, diameter and volume increment as well as stand structure dynamics.

I therefore appreciate those who have given strong initiative and support in the establishment of PSP in Malinau Research Forest and continuously measure those plots. My utmost appreciation goes also to our partners: PT INHUTANI II for logging activities, BIOMA, the Malinau District Offi ce for administrative research arrangements and the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) for scientifi c identifi cation of trees I also wish to express my sincere thanks to Dr. Kuswata Kartawinata, Dr. Plinio Sist of Cirad Foret, Dr. Kade Sidiyasa of FORDA and Hari Priyadi who maintain their continuing interest by revisiting the plots and confi rming the accuracy of the identity of trees found in the plots.

Dr Kartawinata and I take the initiative to publish the guidebook to satisfy the growing interests and needs of visitors visiting our Seturan camp. More and more people think highly of the importance of these plots to understand the secret of forest growth and the diversity of trees occurring inside the permanent plots.

This initiative is not possible without continuous support of ITTO in providing fund for both research and publication of this guide. It is my sincerest hope that this little guide will benefi t any one who is concerned with the future of the tropical forest.

Bogor, May 2006

Dr. Petrus Gunarso Malinau Research Forest Coordinator 5

Introduction

A set of Permanent Sample Plots (PSP) was established in the lowland mixed dipetrocarp forest within PT Inhutani II concession at Malinau (2o45’ – 3o15’N, 116o30’), East Kalimantan (Figure 1). They were designed for comparative studies of conventional logging (CNV) and reduced-impact logging (RIL) techniques under the ITTO Project PD 12/97 Rev.1 (F), Forest, Science and Sustainability. Bulungan Model Forest. The Malinau concession is located about 30 km to the East of CIFOR’s Bulungan Research Forest in a forest area with elevation between 100 m to 300 m above sea level. The terrain is undulating with slopes ranging from 10% to 70%. The mean annual rainfall in the area is 3.790 mm, with the number of wet months of more than 9 months per year.

This pocket guideline is intended to give visitors to PSPs information on how to access to the location of plots and distribution of trees with dbh ≥ 20cm in each plot. The CIFOR’s Seturan station is used as a starting point to travel to the plots. 6

Figure 1. Malinau Research Forest Map A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 7 Location of Permanent Sample Plots Figure 2. 8

The Plots

The objective of setting up the permanent sample plots is to monitor long-term impact of logging on forest dynamic, growth and yield.

The plot locations were selected randomly according to the density of harvestable timber trees (diameter at breast height or dbh ≥ 60cm) prior to logging using the tree maps and inventory data in the logging compartments prepared by CIFOR and PT INHUTANI II. A fi eld checking was carried out before delimiting each plot to asses the efective density of harvestable trees. Between June 1998 and September 1998, 12 one-hectare plots were set up in Petak (compartment) 28/29 (Figure 2).

Each one-hectare plot (100 m x 100 m) was horizontally corrected during its establishment. The plot was divided into 25 subsquares (20m x 20m), each being divided into 4 elementary squares (a,b,c,d, in Figure 3 below). At 20 m intervals throughout the plot, PVC piping was driven into the soil, and a metal tag attached to indicate the sub square’s coordinates within the plot. A total of 36 PVC stakes were placed throughout the plot. A wood panel indicating the block and the number of the plot marks the centre of each. Three control plots (CNV 04, CNV 08, CNV 12,) were designated and in each one, a 50 m buffer zone was set up to avoid edge effect caused by logging activities. After logging, all plots were re-grided (every subsquare 20m x 20 m materialised by rope) and permanently marked in the fi eld with iron wood/ulin poles located at each corner. 9

Access to a Plot

Visitors are advised to refer to the fi rst map (Figure 4) to get an overview on how the plots are spatially distributed. The plots are grouped based on their route. The routes follow the best walking way to go to each plot, that is the available skidding road in the fi eld.

To enter a route, visitors should fi nd direction sign in the fi eld posted on the entrance of each route and follow a skidding road directed by the sign. Zoomed maps of the routes are given in Figures 4.

Figure 3. Permanent Sample Plot structure (PVC piping is located at each number)

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North

West East

South 10

Plant Identifi cation

Trees with dbh ≥ 20 cm and dbh ≥ 10 cm were identifi ed in the fi eld by botanists of the Herbarium Bogoriense, Puslitbang Biologi-LIPI, Bogor. Voucher specimens were collected for further identifi cation and are stored at the Herbarium Bogorriense. The identifi cation is not fi nal, hence any corrections are welcome and will be very much appreciated. The nomenclature follows T.C. Whitmore, I.G.M. Tantra and U. Sutisna (Editor), Tree Flora of Indonesia: Check List for Kalimantan, Agency for Forestry Research and Development, Ministry of Forestry, Bogor, and C.G. G.J. Van Steenis, W.J.O. De Wilde, C. Kalkman, etc. (Editor), Flora Malesiana Serie I, Volumes 1-15, 1948-2001. A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 11 CNV05 CNV06 CNV11 CNV09 CNV01 CNV04 Route #1Route# 2 CNV07 CNV04, CNV01, CNV06, CNV03 Route# 3 CNV12, CNV09, CNV11, CNV05, CNV16 CNV13, CNV08, CNV10, CNV02, CNV14, CNV15, CNV12 CNV10 CNV07 CNV02 CNV03 CNV08 Distribution of Permanent Sample Plots in Petak (Compartment) # 28 - 29 (Conventional logging treatment) ROAD RIVER PSP BRIDGE FIRE TOWER TPN 1 CIFOR RESEARCH STATION

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S Legend Figure 4. 12 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots Icacinaceae Lauraceae Melastomataceae Meliaceae Myristicaceae Myrtaceae Oxalidaceae Podocarpaceae Rosaceae Sapindaceae Sapotaceae Simarubaceae Sterculiaceae Theaceae Ulmaceae Verbenaceae Anacardiaceae Annonaceae Apocynaceae Arecaceae Bombacaceae Burseraceae Celastraceae Clusiaceae Dilleniaceae Dipterocarpaceae Ebenaceae Euphorbiacea Fabaceae Fagaceae Flacourtiaceae

CNV01 FAMILY

100 80 60 40 20 0 100 100 194 193 38 192 40 129 128 191 127 39 41 47 130 189 123 48 124 190 121 188 125 42 186 46 133 187 132 120 43 131 122 185 44 45 80 80 184 183 114 182 136 119 36 49 116 112 135 35 113 117 180 50 55 34 181 30 179 54 111 57 108 51 31 178 177 109 58 52 53 107 56 33 176 59 110 102 106 60 60 28 103 175 173 101 27 60 105 61 174 104 26 139 25 23 99 18 63 24 98 142 169 19 97 141 17 146 21 143 145 144 100 64 40 40 168 22 94 148 66 96 95 65 147 167 149 67 150 15 165 151 93 68 13 164 91 69 14 12 92 11 153 70 163 71 20 20 90 72 87 162 5 7 86 88 10 74 158 161 75 9 Distribution of Trees in Plot CNV01 73 89 8 157 160 85 77 4 81 76 84 80 78 159 2 1 79 83 82

0 0

100 80 60 40 20 0 Figure 5. A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 13

Table 1. List of Trees in Plot CNV01 Tree # Species 1 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 2 Shorea fallax Meijer 3 Unidentifi ed 4 Diospyros sp. 1 5 Parashorea smythiesii Wyat-Smith ex Ashton 6 Unidentifi ed 7 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 8 Palaquium rostratum (Miq.) Burk. 9 Shorea paucifl ora King 10 Dipterocarpus stellatus Vesque 11 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 12 Dacryodes rostrata H.J.Lam forma pubescens 13 Shorea beccariana Burk. 14 Lithocarpus gracilis (Korth.) Soepadmo 15 Syzygium sp. 16 Dead 17 Alseodaphne paludosa Gamble 18 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 19 Canarium caudatum King 20 Myristica beccarii Warb 21 Licania splendens (Korth.) Prance 22 Shorea sp. 23 Syzygium sp. 24 Licania splendens (Korth.) Prance 25 Sindora sp. 26 Melanochyla auriculata Hook.f. 27 Shorea fallax Meijer 28 Parashorea smythiesii Wyat-Smith ex Ashton 29 Dead 30 Diospyros sp. 31 Neesia cf. altissima Bl. 32 Lithocarpus nieuwenhuisii (V.Seem) A. Camus 33 Alseodaphne havilandii (Gamble) Kosterm. 34 Shorea fallax Meijer 35 Pternandra rostrata (Cogn.) Ohwi 36 Lithocarpus blumeanus (Korth.) Rehd. 37 Dead 14 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 1. Continued Tree # Species 38 Livistona sp. 39 Livistona sp. 40 Tetramerista glabra Miq. 41 Madhuca sp. 42 Tetramerista glabra Miq. 43 Pternandra caerulescens Jack. 44 Lithocarpus benetii (Miq.) Rehd. 45 Dacryodes rugosa (Bl.) H.J. Lam 46 Diospyros borneensis Hiern) 47 Lithocarpus urceolaris (Jack) Merr. 48 Xylopia altissima Boerl. 49 Syzygium tawahense (Korth) Merr. & Perry 50 Shorea parvifolia Dyer ssp.parvifolia 51 Alseodaphne havilandii (Gamble) Kosterm. 52 Palaquium rostratum (Miq.) Burk. 53 Polyalthia sumatrana King 54 Aglaia cordata Hiern. 55 Livistona sp. 56 Parashorea smyethiesi Wyatt-Smith exAshton 57 Cleistanthes myrianthus Krz. 58 Vatica rassak (Korth.) Blume 59 Aporusa falcifera Hk.f. 60 Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Bl. 61 Hydnocarpus cf. kunstleri (King) Warb. 62 Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Bl. 63 Diospyros ellipticifolia Merr. 64 Syzygium perpuncticulatum (Merr.) Merr. & Perry 65 Shorea sp. 66 Litsea elliptica Bl. 67 Myristica maxima Warb. 68 Bhesa paniculata Arn. 69 Ryparosa acuminata Merr. 70 Sarcotheca diversifolia (Miq.) Hall.f. 71 Parashorea smythiesii Wyat-Smith ex Ashton 72 Heritiera sp. 73 Artocarpus lanceifolius Roxb. 74 Garcinia nervosa Miq. A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 15

Table 1. Continued Tree # Species 75 Syzygium sp. 76 Actinodaphne glabra Bl. 77 Stemonurus grandifolius Becc. 78 Syzygium endertii Merr. & Perry 79 Artocarpus lanceifolius Roxb. 80 Diospyros 81 Irvingia malayana Oliver 82 Castanopsis philippinensis Vidal 83 Dillenia exelsa (Jacq.) Gilg. 84 Parashorea smythiesii Wyat-Smith ex Ashton 85 Lithocarpus ewyckii (Korth) Rehd. 86 Nephelium maingayi Hiern. 87 Dillenia exelsa (Jacq.) Gilg. 88 Diospyros sp. 89 Parashorea smythiesii Wyat-Smith ex Ashton 90 Diospyros sp. 91 Dehaasia cf. fi rma Bl. 92 Podocarpus becarii Parl. 93 Canarium denticulatum Bl. ssp. denticulatum 94 Cephalomappa lepidotula Airy Shaw 95 Tetramerista glabra Miq. 96 Garcinia maingayi Hook.f. 97 Popowia pisocarpa (Bl.) Endl. 98 Castanopsis motleyana King 99 Shorea ovalis Korth.) Bl. 100 Cleistanthus myrianthus Krz. 101 Koompassia malaccensis Maing. ex Benth. 102 Teijsmaniodendron simplicifolium Merr. 103 Diospyros macrophylla Bl. 104 Dyera costulata (Miq.) Hk.f. 105 Sindora leiocarpa Backer 106 Teijsmaniodendron simplicifolium Merr. 107 Syzygium sp. 108 Shorea agami Ashton 109 Dipterocarpus humeratus Sloot. 110 Heritiera simplicifolia (Mart.) Kosterm. 111 Syzygium tawahense (Korth.) Merr. & Perry 16 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 1. Continued Tree # Species 112 Coccoceras borneense J.J. Smith 113 Teijsmaniodendron simplicifolium Merr. 114 Sarcotheca diversifolia (Miq.) Hall.f. 115 Teijsmaniodendron simplicifolium Merr. 116 Teijsmaniodendron simplicifolium Merr. 117 Archidendron fagifolium (Bl. ex Miq.) Nielsen 118 Dillenia eximia Miq. 119 Girroniera nervosa Planch. 120 Dyera costulata (Miq.) Hk.f. 121 Dacryodes sp. 122 Scaphium macropodum (Miq.) Beumee ex Heyne 123 Alseodaphne insignis Gamble 124 Teijsmaniodendron simplicifolium Merr. 125 Heritiera simplicifolia (Mart.) Kosterm. 126 Dead 127 Palaquium ferox H. J. Lam 128 Dacryodes sp. 129 Palaquium calophyllum Pierre ex Burck 130 Heritiera simplicifolia (Mart.) Kosterm. 131 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 132 Teijsmaniodendron simplicifolium Merr. 133 Tetramerista glabra Miq. 134 Dead 135 Palaquium gutta (Hook.f.) Bail 136 Syzygium chlorantum (Dut.) Merr. & Perry 137 Baccaurea sumatrana M.A. 138 Herritiera javanica (Bl.) Kosterm 139 Cleistanthus myrranthus (Krz. 140 Dead 141 Palaquium ferox H.J. Lam 142 Scaphium macropodum (Miq.) Beumée ex Heyne 143 Knema conferta (King) Warb 144 Artocarpus odoratisima Blanco 145 Oncosperma horridum Scheff 146 Oncosperma horridum Scheff 147 Scaphium macropodum (Miq.) Beumée ex Heyne 148 Canarium denticulatum Bl. ssp. denticulatum A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 17

Table 1. Continued Tree # Species 149 Santiria oblongifolia Bl. 150 Syzygium sp. 151 Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Bl. 152 Castanopsis hypophoenicea (V.Sleum.) Supadmo 153 Bhesa paniculata Arn. 154 Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Bl. 155 Macaranga pruinosa (Miq.) Muell. Arg 156 Dead 157 Artocarpus kemando Miq 158 Parashorea smythiesii Wyatt-Smith ex Ashton 159 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 160 Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Bl. 161 Baccaurea sumatrana M.A. 162 Durio sp. 163 Artocarpus elasticus Reinw. 164 Licania splendens (Korth.) Prance 165 Heritiera simplicifolia (Mart.) Kosterm. 166 Alseodaphne insignis Bamble 167 Vatica vinosa Ashton 168 Polyalthia rumphii Merr. 169 Vatica vinosa Ashton 170 Dipterocarpus stellatus Vesque 171 Sindora leiocarpa Backer 172 Artocarpus kemando Miq. 173 Durio oxleyanus Griff. 174 Heritiera simplicifolia (Mart.) Kosterm. 175 Licania splendens (Korth.) Prance 176 Myristica beccarii Warb. 177 Aglaia cordifolia Merr. 178 Nephelium uncinatum Leenh. 179 Shorea pinanga Scheff. 180 Dialium sp. 181 Dyera costulata (Miq.) Hk.f. 182 Shorea pinanga Scheff. 183 Knema cinerea (Poir.) Warb. 184 Knema cinerea (Poir.) Warb. 185 Licania splendens (Korth.) Prance 18 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 1. Continued Tree # Species 186 Teijsmaniodendron simplicifolium Merr. 187 Dehaasia fi rma Bl. 188 Canarium denticulatum Bl. ssp. denticulatum 189 Shorea macroptera Dyer 190 Alseodaphne sp. 191 Syzygium tawahense (Korth.) Merr. & Perry 192 Garcinia sp. 193 Shorea fallax Meijer 194 Syzygium tawahense (Korth.) Merr. & Perry A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 19 Flacourtiaceae Lauraceae Meliaceae Myristicaceae Myrtaceae Ochnaceae Olacaceae Oxalidaceae Polygalaceae Proteaceae Rosaceae Rubiaceae Sabiaceae Sapindaceae Sapotaceae Sterculiaceae Thymelaeaceae Tiliaceae Anacardiaceae Annonaceae Apocynaceae Araucariaceae Arecaceae Bombacaceae Burseraceae Celastraceae Clusiaceae Crypteroniaceae Dilleniaceae Dipterocarpaceae Ebenaceae Elaeocarpaceae Euphorbiacea Fabaceae Fagaceae

CNV02 FAMILY

100 80 60 40 20 0 100 100 71 68 55 72 57 286 172 285 171 176 175 74 59 56 177 180 69 174 70 170 284 183 283 178 61 282 75 60 62 52 169 173 168 182 53 281 63 184 50 185 64 51 188 280 191 186 189 190 166 76 77 49 67 278 187 66 165 80 80 78 79 42 80 81 277 45 164 82 44 41 204 39 84 83 192 40 193 275 199 274 46 86 48 85 88 273 194 47 203 195 159 37 198 200 272 209 161 89 38 208 197 270 155 60 60 269 27 36 149 93 271 207 90 154 25 212 156 150 147 148 92 24 146 152 210 91 213 28 211 267 145 35 264 144 29 215 23 265 214 216 266 30 22 142 96 34 98 218 141 220 31 21 217 263 260 140 262 143 33 261 221 139 99 100 135 40 40 136 258 223 16 134 224 18 222 133 101 256 17 132 257 138 225 259 128 254 129 255 104 105 130 131 228 253 107 229 108 126 227 20 20 250 230 252 7 251 6 119 121 9 231 249 5 124 233 246 3 232 4 112 2 244 Distribution of Trees in Plot CNV02 245 117 248 243 10 234 125 14 239 11 247 12 115 236 116 122 114 242 1 235 13 240 113

0 0

100 80 60 40 20 0 Figure 6. 20 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 2. List of Trees in Plot CNV02 Tree # Species 1 Anisoptera sp. 2 Castanopsis oviformis Soepadmo 3 Castanopsis oviformis Soepadmo 4 Diospyros sp. 5 Baccaurea minor Hook.f. 6 Litsea grandis (Wall. ex Nees) Hook.f. 7 Baccaurea minor Hook.f. 8 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 9 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 10 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 11 Pimeleodendron papaveroides J.J.S. 12 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 13 Dacryodes rostrata H.J.Lam 14 Dacryodes rostrata H.J.Lam 15 Sterculia macrophylla Vent. 16 Oncosperma horridum Scheff. 17 Oncosperma horridum Scheff. 18 Koordersiodendron pinnatum (Blanco) Merr. 19 Saraca hullettii Prain. 20 Lithocarpus urceolaris (Jack.) Merr. 21 Knema latifolia Warb. 22 Shorea paucifl ora King 23 Nephelium uncinatum Leenh. 24 Knema cinerea (Poir.) Warb. 25 Dysoxylum sp. 26 Santiria oblongifolia Bl. 27 Alseodaphne ceratoxylon Kosterm. 28 Sarcotheca diversifolia (Miq.) Hall.f. 29 Dehaasia fi rma Bl. 30 Irvingia malayana Oliv. 31 Melanochyla beccariana Oliv. 32 Dead 33 Castanopsis tungurut (Bl.) A.DC. 34 Sindora sp. 35 Alseodaphne ceratoxylon Kosterm. 36 Parashorea smythiesii Wyatt-Smith ex Ashton 37 Parashorea smythiesii Wyatt-Smith ex Ashton A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 21

Table 2. Continued Tree # Species 38 Santiria laevigata Bl. 39 Vatica rassak (Korth.) Blume 40 Alseodaphne cuneata (Bl.) Kosterm. 41 Myristica sp. 42 Polyalthia sp. 43 Dead 44 Syzygium sp. 45 Lithocarpus ulceolaris (Jack) Merr. 46 Canarium caudatum King 47 Shorea macroptera Dyer. 48 Xanthophyllum parvum Chod. 49 Timonius ovalis Boerl 50 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 51 Maccaranga gigantea M.A. 52 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 53 Dehaasia fi rma Bl. 54 Dead 55 Syzygium sp. 56 Polyalthia glauca Boerl. 57 Shorea seminis Slooten 58 Dead 59 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 60 Shorea macroptera Dyer 61 Shorea macroptera Dyer 62 Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco 63 Knema intermedia Warb. 64 Helicia fuscotomentosa Suesseng 65 Dead 66 Polyalthia laterifl ora (Bl.) King 67 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 68 Aporusa antennifera (Airy Shaw) Airy Shaw 69 Santiria laevigata Bl. f. laevigata 70 Lithocarpus bennetii (Miq.) Rehd. 71 Dyera costulata (Miq.) Hk.f. 72 Agathis borneensis Warb. 73 Dead 74 Macaranga pruinosa M.A. 22 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 2. Continued Tree # Species 75 Ochanostachys amentacea Mast. 76 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 77 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 78 Elaeocarpus grifi thiiA. Gray 79 Syzygium sp. 80 Vatica umbonta (Hook.f.) Burk. 81 Dyera costulata (Miq.) Hk.f. 82 Diospyros kunstleri King & Gamble 83 Shorea parvifolia Dyer. 84 Myristica beccarii Warb. 85 Baccaurea defl exa M.A. 86 Pometia pinnata Forst. 87 Dead 88 Melanochyla beccariana Oliv. 89 Chisocheton sp. 90 Syzygium sp. 91 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 92 Shorea paucifl ora King 93 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 94 Dead 95 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 96 Shorea paucifl ora King 97 Unidentifi ed 98 Koompassia malaccense Maing.. ex Benth. 99 Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. 100 Koompassia excelsa Taub. 101 Knema glauca (Bl.) Warb. 102 Dead 103 Dead 104 Pentace erectinervia Kosterm. 105 Dillenia excelsa (Jack.) Gilg. 106 Albizia sp. 107 Knema conferta (King) Warb. 108 Macaranga hypoleuca (Richb. f & Zoll.) M.A. 109 Uidentifi ed 110 Dead 111 Saraca hulletii Prain A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 23

Table 2. Continued Tree # Species 112 Syzygium operculata Gamb. 113 Eugeissona utilis Becc. 114 Mangifera swintonioides Kosterm. 115 Saraca hulletii Prain 116 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 117 Mangifera swintonioides Kosterm. 118 Knema cinerea (Poir.) Warb 119 Livistona sp. 120 Saraca hulletii Prain 121 Macaranga hypoleuca (Richb. f & Zoll.) M.A. 122 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 123 Unidentifi ed 124 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 125 Diospyros ellipticifolia Merr. 126 Syzygium sp. 127 Dead 128 Cococeras borneense J.J. Smith 129 Lithocarpus nieuwenhuisii (v. Seem) A. Camus 130 Knema laurina (Bl.) Warb. 131 Baccaurea kunstlerii King 132 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 133 Koompassia malaccensis Maing.. ex Benth. 134 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 135 Xanthophyllum amoenum Chod. 136 Baccaurea angulata Merr. 137 Unidentifi ed 138 Canarium denticulatum Bl. ssp. denticulatum 139 Shorea parvifolia Dyer ssp. velutina 140 Knema cinerea (Poir.) Warb. 141 Ptychophyxys bacciformis Croiz. 142 Ptychophyxys bacciformis Croiz. 143 Koompassia malaccensis (Clarke) Breh. 144 Macaranga hypoleuca (Reichb.f. & Zoll.) M.A. 145 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 146 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 147 Pouteria malaccensis (Clarke) Breh. 148 Knema sp. 24 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 2. Continued Tree # Species 149 Lythocarpus ewyckii (Korth.) Rehd. 150 Cephalomappa lepidotula Airy Shaw 151 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 152 Koompassia malaccensis Maing.. ex Benth. 153 Girroniera nervosa Planch. 154 Shorea paucifl ora King 155 Artocarpus kemando Miq. 156 Artocarpus lanceifolius Roxb. 157 Unidentifi ed 158 Unidentifi ed 159 Lythocarpus ewyckii (Korth.) Rehd. 160 Macaranga hypoleuca (Reichb.f. & Zoll.) M.A. 161 Artocarpus lanceifolius Roxb. 162 Dead 163 Mangifera swintonoides Kosterm. 164 Crypteronia griffi thii Clarke 165 Payena endertii H.J.Lam 166 Glochidion macrocarpum Bl. 167 Dead 168 Polyalthia sclerophylla Hook.f. ex Th. 169 Dialium trifoliatum de Wit 170 Garcinia dioica Bl. 171 Mangifera swintonioides Kosterm. 172 Palaquium calophyllum Pierre ex Burck 173 Lithocarpus ewyckii (Korth.) Rehd. 174 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 175 Dacryodes rostrata H.J. Lam 176 Dacryodes rostrata H.J. Lam 177 Shorea paucifl ora King 178 Durio oxleyanus Griff. 179 Dead 180 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 181 Knema latericia Elmer 182 Shorea sp. 183 Buchanania sp. 184 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 185 Scaphium macropodum (Miq.) Buemee ex Heyne A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 25

Table 2. Continued Tree # Species 186 Knema sp. 187 Dialium trifoliatum De Wit 188 Atuna excelsa (Jack.) Kosterm. 189 Dialium trifoliatum De Wit 190 Koordersiodendron pinnatum (Blanco) Merr. 191 Dacryodes rostrata H.J. Lam 192 Drypetes kikir Airy Shaw 193 Shorea paucifl ora King 194 Mangifera swintonioides Kosterm. 195 Helicia serrata (R.Br.) Bl. 196 Dead 197 Baccaurea edulis Merr. 198 Knema latericia Elmer. 199 Durio lanceolatus Mast. 200 Dialium platycephalum Backer 201 Lithocarpus ewyckii (Korth.) Rehd. 202 Mangifera swintonioides Kosterm. 203 Sindora leiocarpa Backer ex Heyne 204 Oncosperma horridum Scheff. 205 Canarium denticulatum Bl. ssp. denticulatum 206 Dipterocarpus sp. 207 Crypteronia griffi thi Clarke 208 Hydnocarpus anomala (Merr.) Sleumer 209 Dialium platycephalum Backer 210 Artocarpus kemando Miq. 211 Knema furfuracea (Hk.f. ex Th.) Warb. 212 Cratoxylum formosum Benth. & Hook. f. ex Dyer 213 Vatica umbonata (Hook.f.) Burk. 214 Dipterocarpus 215 Artocarpus lanceifolius Roxb. 216 Palaquium calophyllum Pierre ex Burck 217 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 218 Parashorea amythiesii Wyatt-Smith ex Ashton 219 Dead 220 Pouteria malaccensis (Clarke) Breh 221 Diospyros sp. 222 Meliosma nitida 26 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 2. Continued Tree # Species 223 Syzygium sp. 224 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 225 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 226 Unidentifi ed 227 Mangifera magnifi ca Kochumen 228 Syzygium sp. 229 Nephelium eriobetalum Miq. 230 Polyalthia laterifl ora (Bl.) King 231 Bhesa paniculata Arm. 232 Garcinia dioica Bl. 233 Vatica micrantha Slooten 234 Dacryodes incurvata (Engl.) H.J.Lam. 235 Pometia pinnata Forst. 236 Dacryodes costata (Benn.) H.J. Lam 237 Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr. 238 Vatica micrantha Slooten 239 Cococeras borneensis M.A. 240 Dipterocarpus cornutus Dyer 241 Dead 242 Dipterocarpus confertus Sloot. 243 Agathis borneensis Warb. 244 Cococeras borneensis M.A. 245 Baccaurea sp. 246 Beilschmiedia sp. 247 Diopyros ellipticifolia Merr. 248 Agathis borneensis Warb. 249 Diospyros everetii Merr. 250 Bhesa paniculata Arn. 251 Elateriospermum tapos Bl 252 Ochanostachys amentacea Mast. 253 Cleistanthus myrianthus (Hassk.) Kurz. 254 Palaquium sp. 255 Sarcotheca diversifolia (Miq.) Hall.f. 256 Palaquium ottolanderi K. ex V. 257 Prunus sp. 258 Palaquium calophyllum Pierre ex Burck 259 Dysoxylum sp. A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 27

Table 2. Continued Tree # Species 260 Cephalomappa beccariana Baill. 261 Sindora leiocarpa Backer 262 Dipterocarpus humeratus Sloot. 263 Elateriospermum tapos Bl. 264 Madhuca cf. rupicola H.J.Lam 265 Dacryodes rugosa H.J.Lam var. rugosa 266 Xanthophyllum vittelinum (Bl.) Dierr. 267 Xylopia malayana Hook. f. & Thoms. 268 Dead 269 Plectronia glabra Benth. & Hook. ex Kurz 270 Shorea macroptera Dyer. 271 Brownlowia sp. 272 Syzygium sp. 273 Dacryoides rostrata H.J. Lam 274 Shorea sp. 275 Dipterocapus stellatus Vesque 276 Unidentifi ed 277 Shorea macroptera Dyer. 278 Nauclea subdita Steud. 279 Dead 280 Shorea parvifolia Dyer. 281 Dipterocapus stellatus Vesque 282 Shorea parvifolia Dyer. 283 Helicia serrata Bl. 284 Dipterocapus stellatus Vesque 285 Gymnacranthera paniculata Warb. 286 Gymnacranthera paniculata Warb. 28 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots Lauraceae Meliaceae Myristicaceae Myrtaceae Olacaceae Oleaceae Proteaceae Rosaceae Rubiaceae Sapindaceae Sapotaceae Sterculiaceae Thymelaeaceae Tiliaceae Ulmaceae Anacardiaceae Annonaceae Arecaceae Bombacaceae Burseraceae Celastraceae Clusiaceae Dilleniaceae Dipterocarpaceae Ebenaceae Euphorbiacea Fabaceae Fagaceae

CNV03 FAMILY

100 80 60 40 20 0 100 100 48 138 137 135 141 142 217 47 133 46 140 139 49 45 215 132 44 50 52 149 143 51 146 53 42 147 39 128 40 144 130 212 55 54 37 131 148 129 38 145 56 60 80 80 206 36 150 127 32 160 210 205 211 207 123 158 151 159 57 122 59 124 126 58 209 154 208 152 61 204 34 64 120 157 65 153 66 202 121 156 117 63 118 203 62 29 201 30 60 60 114 161 113 112 28 68 200 111 199 163 24 162 26 21 70 110 69 22 23 198 115 74 19 72 20 116 25 71 197 165 75 73 194 108 40 40 171 166 195 172 196 106 80 107 78 76 18 173 79 174 77 167 85 81 13 86 193 168 17 169 14 12 191 190 83 105 82 11 84 170 87 189 192 101 15 10 9 103 20 20 89 102 4 88 8 99 100 182 98 181 90 5 183 184 91 176 7 6 Distribution of Trees in Plot CNV03 93 95 3 180 94 185 1 178 186

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100 80 60 40 20 0 Figure 7. A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 29

Table 3. List of Trees in Plot CNV03 Tree # Species 1 Polyalthia glauca Boerl. 2 Dead 3 Croton laevifolim Bl. 4 Artocarpus kemando Miq. 5 Eugeissona utilis Becc. 6 Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Bl. 7 Myristica maxima Warb. 8 Coccoceras borneense J.J. Smith 9 Beilschmiedia bankae Kosterm. 10 Syzygium splendens (Bl.) Merr. & Perry 11 Gonystylus brunnescens Airy Shaw 12 Baccaurea 13 Vatica rassak (Korth.) Blume 14 Syzygium splendens (Bl.) Merr. & Perry 15 Vatica oblongifolia Hook.f. 16 Unidentifi ed 17 Vatica rassak (Korth.) Blume 18 Syzygium splendens (Bl.) Merr. & Perry 19 Parashorea smythiesii Wyatt-Smith ex Ashton 20 Cephalomappa lepidotula Airy Shaw 21 Cephalomappa lepidotula Airy Shaw 22 Vatica micrantha Slooten 23 Coccoceras borneense J.J. Smith 24 Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Bl. 25 Dillenia excelsa (Jacq.) Gilg. 26 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 27 Dead 28 Cephalomappa lepidotula Airy Shaw 29 Dyospiros sp. 30 Syzygium operculata Gamble 31 Dead 32 Parashorea sp. 33 Dead 34 Vatica rassak (Korth.) Blume 35 Turpinia sphaerocarpa Hassk. 36 Litsea noronhae Bl. 37 Coccoceras borneense J.J. Smith 30 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 3. Continued Tree # Species 38 Shorea paucifl ora King 39 Durio kuteyensis Becc. 40 Dysoxylum sp. 41 Pternandra rostrata (Cogn.) Ohwi 42 Artocarpus lanceifolius Roxb. 43 Dead 44 Dysoxylum hexandrum Merr. 45 Scaphium macropodum (Miq.) Beumée ex Heyne 46 Lithocarpus ewyckii Korth.) Rehd. 47 Lithocarpus ewyckii Korth.) Rehd. 48 Myristica malaccensis Hk.f. 49 Aglaia cordata Hiern. 50 Lithocarpus ewyckii (Korth.) Rehd. 51 Shorea ovalis Korth. Bl. 52 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 53 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 54 Gymnacranthera paniculata Warb. 55 Pentace laxifl ora Merr. 56 Bhesa paniculata Arn. 57 Artocarpus anysophyllus Miq. 58 Chionanthes cuspidatus Bl. 59 Coccoceras borneense J.J. Smith 60 Chionanthus sp. 61 Parashorea smythiesii Wyatt-Smith ex Ashton 62 Baccaurea sp. 63 Parashorea smythiesii Wyatt-Smith ex Ashton 64 Drypetes longifolia Pax. & Hoffm. 65 Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Bl. 66 Syzygium sp. 67 Dead 68 Coccoceras borneense J.J. Smith 69 Baccaurea sp. 70 Dipterocarpus stellatus Vesque 71 Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel. 72 Pentace discolor Merr. 73 Herritiera javanica (Bl.) Kosterm. 74 Coccoceras borneense J.J. Smith A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 31

Table 3. Continued Tree # Species 75 Coccoceras borneense J.J. Smith 76 Coccoceras borneense J.J. Smith 77 Shorea maxwelliana King 78 Licania spendens (Korth.) Prance 79 Chionanthus cuspidatus Bl. 80 Parashorea smythiesii Wyatt-Smith ex Ashton 81 Coccoceras borneense J.J. Smith 82 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 83 Lithocarpus nieuwenhuisii (V.Seem) A.Camus 84 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 85 Syzygium sp. 86 Knema cinerea (Poir) Warb. 87 Licania splendens (Korth.) Prance 88 Vatica rassak (Korth.) Blume 89 Castanopsis hypophoenica (V.Seem) Soepadmo 90 Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel. 91 Vatica rassak (Korth.) Blume 92 Planchonia valida (Bl.) Bl. 93 Vatica micrantha Slooten 94 Shorea fallax Meijer 95 Shorea paucifl ora King. 96 Syzygium splendens (Bl.) Merr. & Perry 97 Shorea fallax Meijer 98 Licuala sp. 99 Licuala sp. 100 Neonauclea purpurascens Moore 101 Shorea ovalis (Kort.) Bl. 102 Knema cinerea (Poir.) Warb. 103 Cratoxylum sumatranum (Jack.) Bl. 104 Dead 105 Aporusa falcifera Hk.f. 106 Shorea paucifl ora King 107 Castanopsis javanica (Bl.) A.DC. 108 Dipterocarpus stellatus Vesque 109 Dead 110 Palaquium sumatranum Burck. 111 Syzygium sp. 32 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 3. Continued Tree # Species 112 Drypetes longifolia Pax. & Hoffm. 113 Durio carrinatus Mast. 114 Syzygium sp. 115 Dysoxylum hexandrum Merr. 116 Dehaasia fi rma Bl. 117 Parashorea smythiesii Wyatt-Smith ex Ashton 118 Ochanostachys amentacea Mast. 119 Dead 120 Dacryodes rogosa H.J.Lam 121 Coccoceras borneense J.J. Smith 122 Knema furfuracea (Hk. f. ex Th.) Warb. 123 Parashorea smythiesii Wyatt-Smith ex Ashton 124 Shorea pinanga Scheff. 125 Dead 126 Shorea beccarina Burk. 127 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 128 Knema intermedia (Bl.) Warb 129 Shorea ovalis (Kort.) Bl. 130 Shorea paucifl ora King 131 Artocarpus kemando Miq. 132 Koompassia malaccensis Maing. ex Benth 133 Dialium patens Backer 134 Dead 135 Palaquium rostratum (Miq.) Burk. 136 Dead 137 Shorea paucifl ora King 138 Parashorea smythiesii Wyatt-Smith ex Ashton 139 Syzygium splendens (Bl.) Merr. & Perry 140 Lithocarpus blumeanus (Korth.) Rehd. 141 Gymnacranthera paniculata Warb. 142 Knema furfuracea (Hk.f. ex Sinel.) Warb 143 Knema laurina (Bl.) Warb. 144 Vatica rassak (Korth.) Blume 145 Durio oxleyanus Griff. 146 Knema laurina (Bl.) Warb. 147 Pimeleodendron papaveroides J.J.S. 148 Parashorea smythiesii Wyatt-Smith ex Ashton A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 33

Table 3. Continued Tree # Species 149 Shorea pinanga Scheff. 150 Syzygium angustifolius (Miq.) Hats. 151 Drypetes sp. 152 Pometia pinnata Forst. 153 Durio testudinarum Becc. 154 Parashorea smythiesii Wyatt-Smith ex Ashton 155 Dead 156 Diospyros sp. 157 Parashorea smythiesii Wyatt-Smith ex Ashton 158 Knema glauca (Bl.) Warb. 159 Garcinia parvifolia Miq. 160 Knema glauca (Bl.) Warb. 161 Lithocarpus conocarpus (Oudem) Rehd 162 Shorea seminis (de Vriese) Slooten 163 Shorea pinanga Scheff 164 Dead 165 Coccoceras borneense J.J. Smith 166 Shorea rubra Ashton 167 Coccoceras borneense J.J. Smith 168 Vatica micrantha Slooten 169 Baccaurea sp. 170 Cleisthanthus myrianthus Krz. 171 Parashorea smythiesii Wyatt-Smith ex Ashton 172 Shorea rubra Ashton 173 Pterocymbium tubulatum (Mast.) Pierre 174 Alseodaphne ceratoxylon Kosterm. 175 Aporusa falcifera Hk.f. 176 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 177 Actinodaphne glabra Bl. 178 Pterocymbium tubulatum (Mast.) Pierre 179 Dead 180 Livistona 181 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 182 Payena accuminata (Bl.) Pierre 183 Palaquium rostratum (Miq.) Burk. 184 Gymnacranthera paniculata Warb. 185 Diospyros everetii Merr. 34 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 3. Continued Tree # Species 186 Knema furfuracea (Hk.f.ex. Th.) Warb. 187 Dead 188 Livistona sp. 189 Dialium modustum (V. Stenis) Stegaert 190 Calophyllum soulatri Burm. 191 Cratoxylum formosum (Jack) Dyer 192 Syzygium splendens (Bl.) Merr. & Perry 193 Aglaia cf. pseudolansium Kosterm. 194 Shorea paucifl ora King 195 Mangifera quadrifi da Jack. 196 Dialium modestum (V. Steenis) Stegaert. 197 Pentace discolor Merr. 198 Syzygium splendens (Bl.) Merr. & Perry 199 Aporusa falcifera Hk.f. 200 Cleisthanthus myrianthus Krz. 201 Castanopsis javanica (Bl.) A.DC. 202 Celtis nigrecens (Miq.) Planch. 203 Sindora leiocarpa Backer 204 Diospyros cf. oblonga Wall. ex. G. Don 205 Prunus sp. 206 Coccoceras borneense J.J. Smith 207 Shorea fallax Meijer 208 Castanopsis javanica (Bl.) A.DC. 209 Helicia petiolaris Benn. 210 Coccoceras borneense J.J. Smith 211 Myristica sp. 212 Diospyros ellipticifolia Merr. 213 Aporusa falcifera Hk.f. 214 Gardenia tubifera Wall. 215 Diospyros oblonga Wall. ex. G. Don 216 Calophyllum soulatri Burm. 217 Diospyros oblonga Wall. ex. G. Don A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 35 Flacourtiaceae Lauraceae Melastomataceae Meliaceae Myristicaceae Myrtaceae Oxalidaceae Polygalaceae Proteaceae Rhizophoraceae Rosaceae Rubiaceae Sapindaceae Sapotaceae Sterculiaceae Theaceae Anacardiaceae Annonaceae Apocynaceae Arecaceae Bombacaceae Burseraceae Celastraceae Clusiaceae Dipterocarpaceae Ebenaceae Elaeocarpaceae Euphorbiacea Fabaceae Fagaceae

CNV04 FAMILY

100 80 60 40 20 0 100 100 130 128 129 131 39 219 222 42 221 43 41 223 220 212 132 44 215 214 45 133 217 213 46 209 218 208 80 80 216 37 47 134 138 48 38 35 54 210 36 136 211 7 34 20 139 137 53 33 205 49 31 203 125 50 56 124 32 140 206 201 204 202 57 51 30 123 52 122 200 58 141 120 121 29 199 147 117 59 60 60 146 143 198 26 63 118 116 197 115 23 27 60 62 144 25 28 114 145 66 112 20 61 64 111 19 113 22 110 191 109 119 196 67 150 148 18 149 195 194 190 192 21 68 193 108 151 17 106 40 40 186 104 73 70 105 71 15 189 74 69 152 187 14 184 107 154 16 185 75 12 183 13 103 188 153 155 11 10 157 102 180 100 9 99 156 182 76 101 179 77 177 159 98 178 160 158 20 176 20 175 78 170 8 7 169 174 171 79 163 Distribution of Trees in Plot CNV04 168 96 164 86 90 88 161 91 3 87 6 82 92 89 81 165 172 1 5 84 94 83 166 167 2 95 162

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100 80 60 40 20 0 Figure 8. 36 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 4. List of Trees on Plot# CNV04 Tree # Species 1 Aporusa falcifera Hk.f. 2 Pternandra rostrata (Cogn.) Ohwi 3 Alstonia angustiloba Miq. 4 Dead 5 Memecylon myrsinoides Blume 6 Syzygium bankense (Hassk.) Merr. & Perry 7 Dialium trifoliatum de Wit. 8 Artocarpus kemando Miq. 9 Shorea pinanga Scheff. 10 Aglaia cf. gamopetala Merr. 11 Litsea forstenii (Bl.) Boerl. 12 Palaquium rostratum (Miq.) Burck. 13 Dacryodes incurvata (Engl.) H.J.Lam 14 Sarcotheca diversifolia (Miq.) Hall.f. 15 Koompassia malaccensis Maing. ex Benth 16 Syzygium tawahense (Korth.) Merr. & Perry 17 Knema cinerea (Poir.) Warb. 18 Baccaurea kunstleri King. 19 Pometia pinnata Forst. 20 Dyera costulata (Miq.) Hk.f. 21 Sindora leiocarpa Backer 22 Parastemon urophyllus (A.DC.) A.DC. 23 Ternstroemia aneura Miq. 24 Dead 25 Calophyllum lowii Hook.f. 26 Cephallomappa lepidotula Airy Shaw 27 Myristica beccarii Warb. 28 Shorea parvifolia Warb. 29 Baccaurea bracteata M.A. 30 Myristica beccarii Warb. 31 Ternstroemia aneura Miq. 32 Tetramerista glabra Miq. 33 Dipterocarpus lowii Hk.f. 34 Myristica beccarii Warb. 35 Durio lanceolatus Mast. 36 Shorea seminis (de Vriese) Slooten 37 Canarium sp. A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 37

Table 4. Continued Tree # Species 38 Calophyllum pulcherrimum Wall. ex Planch. & Trian. 39 Palaquium rostratum (Miq.) Burk. 40 Dead 41 Durio carinatus Mast. 42 Santiria laevigata Bl.f. laevigata 43 Vatica rassak (Korth.) Blume 44 Canarium littorale Bl. 45 Myristica beccarii Warb. 46 Shorea seminis (de Vriese) Slooten 47 Parastemon urophyllus (A.DC.) A.DC. 48 Santiria mollissima Ridl. 49 Shorea seminis (de Vriese) Slooten 50 Santiria laevigata Bl. 51 Syzygium tawahense (Korth.) Merr. & Perry 52 Xanthophyllum parvum Chod 53 Dyera costulata (Miq.) Hk.f. 54 Gymnacranthera contracta Warb. 55 Dead 56 Shorea seminis (de Vriese) Slooten 57 Gymnacranthera contracta Warb. 58 Horsfi eldia sp. 59 Syzygium sp. 60 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 61 Dehaasia fi rma Bl. 62 Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Bl. 63 Gymnacranthera paniculata Warb. 64 Gymnacranthera paniculata Warb. 65 Dead 66 Knema sp. 67 Koompassia malaccensis Maing. ex. Benth. 68 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 69 Sterculia oblongata R.Br. 70 Santiria oblongifolia Bl. 71 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 72 Dead 73 Shorea seminis (de Vriese) Slooten 74 Dialium indum L. 38 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 4. Continued Tree # Species 75 Baccaurea pendula Merr. 76 Dyera costulata (Miq.) Hk.f. 77 Syzygium splendens (Bl.) Merr. & Perry 78 Xylopia caudata Hook. f. & Thoms. 79 Xylopia caudata Hook. f. & Thoms. 80 Dead 81 Santiria laevigata Bl. 82 Durio sp. 83 Helicia petiolaris Benn. 84 Baccaurea sumatrana M.A. 85 Dead 86 Gymnacranthera paniculata Warb. 87 Lophopetalum subobovatum King. 88 Syzigium fastigiata (Bl.) Merr. & Perry 89 Cephalomappa lepidotula Airy Shaw 90 Endiandra ochracea Kosterm. 91 Baccaurea sp. 92 Aporusa falcifera Hk.f. 93 Mastixia trichotoma Bl. 94 Dehaasia fi rma Bl. 95 Aporusa falcifera Hk.f. 96 Knema cinerea (Poir.) Warb 97 Dead 98 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 99 Parashorea smythiesii Wyatt-Smith ex Ashton 100 Ixonanthes petiolaris Bl. 101 Hydnocarpus woodii Merr. 102 Canarium litorale Bl. 103 Pternandra rostrata (Cogn.) Ohwi 104 Memecylon edule Roxb. 105 Castanopsis motleyana King 106 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 107 Syzygium litorale (Bl.) Merr. & Perry 108 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 109 Vatica vinosa Ashton 110 Shorea maxweliana King 111 Canarium litorale Bl. A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 39

Table 4. Continued Tree # Species 112 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 113 Palaquium sp. 114 Gymnacranthera contracta War. 115 Nephelium maingayi Hiern. 116 Shorea agami Ashton 117 Gymnacranthera contracta War. 118 Pimeleodendron papaveroides J.J.S. 119 Dehaasia fi rma Bl. 120 Horsfi eldia sp. 121 Tetramerista glabra Miq. 122 Shorea leprosula Miq. 123 Shorea agami Ashton 124 Santiria laevigata Bl. 125 Xylopia altissima Boerl. 126 Dead 127 Madhuca malaccensis (Clarke) H.J.Lam. 128 Myristica sp. 129 Syzygium ochneocarpa Merr. 130 Palaquium rostratum (Miq.) Burk. 131 Myristica vilosa Warb. 132 Tetramerista glabra Miq. 133 Lithocarpus cantleyanus (King ex Hk.f.)Rehd. 134 Vatica rassak (Korth.) Blume 135 Dead 136 Palaquium rostratum (Miq.) Burk. 137 Diospyros oblonga Wall. ex G. Don 138 Xylopia altissima Boerl. 139 Madhuca malaccensis (Clarke) H.J.Lam 140 Pternandra rostrata (Cogn.) Ohwi 141 Castanopsis aviformis Soepadmo 142 Dead 143 Dacryodes incurvata (Engler) H.J.Lam 144 Syzygium sp. 145 Durio carinatus Mast. 146 Oncosperma horridum Scheff. 147 Shorea seminis (de Vriese) Slooten 148 Koordersiodendron pinnatum (Blanco) Merr. 40 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 4. Continued Tree # Species 149 Sarcotheca diversifolia (Miq.) Hall.f. 150 Tetramerista glabra Miq. 151 Ternstroemia aneura Miq. 152 Baccaurea pendula Merr. 153 Alseodaphne insignis Gamble 154 Parashorea smythiesii Wyatt-Smith ex Ashton 155 Aporusa falcifera Hk.f. 156 Buchanania arborescens Bl. 157 Madhuca malaccensis (Clarke) H.J.Lam 158 Endiandra sp. 159 Nephelium maingayi Hiern. 160 Pternandra rostrata (Cogn.) Ohwi 161 Shorea paucifl ora King 162 Pternandra rostrata (Cogn.) Ohwi 163 Shorea rubra Ashton 164 Parastemon urophyllus (A.DC.) A.DC. 165 Lithocarpus pulcher (King.) Markgr. 166 Dipterocarpus lowii Hk.f. 167 Sizygium splendens (Bl.) Merr. & Perry 168 Parishia maingayi Hk.f. 169 Xylopia malayana Hk.f. ex Th. 170 Elaeocarpus petiolatus Wall. 171 Artocarpus anisophyllus Miq. 172 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 173 Unidentifi ed 174 Xylopia malayana Hk.f. ex Th. 175 Parastemon urophyllus (A.DC.) A.DC. 176 Diospyros sp. 177 Castanopsis motleyana King 178 Palaquium rostratum (Miq.) Burk. 179 Madhuca malaccensis (Clarke) H.J.Lam. 180 Sarcotheca diversifolia (Miq.) Hall.f. 181 Dead 182 Myristica vilosa Warb. 183 Jackia ornata Wall. 184 Dehaasia fi rmaBl. 185 Syzigium chloranthum (Duth.) Merr. & Perry A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 41

Table 4. Continued Tree # Species 186 Semecarpus glaucus Engl. 187 Pternandra rostrata (Cogn.) Ohwi 188 Cleisthantus myrianthus Krz. 189 Castanopsis motleyana King 190 Baccaurea racemosa (Rinw.) Muel. Arg. 191 Madhuca malaccensis (Clarke) H.J.Lam. 192 Cephalomappa lepidotula Airy Shaw 193 Vatica rassak (Korth.) Blume 194 Baccaurea edulis Merr. 195 Baccaurea edulis Merr. 196 Tetramerista glabra Miq. 197 Syzigium chloranthum (Duth.) Merr. & Perry 198 Baccaurea puberula Merr. 199 Lithocarpus urceolaris (Jack.) Merr. 200 Ternstroemia aneura Miq. 201 Baccaurea puberula Merr. 202 Sterculia foetida L. 203 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 204 Shorea seminis (de Vriese) Slooten 205 Syzygium bankense (Hassk.) Merr. & Perry 206 Shorea seminis (de Vriese) Slooten 207 Gymnacranthera paniculata Warb. 208 Ficus sp. 209 Syzigium chloranthum (Duth.) Merr. & Perry 210 Baccaurea sp. 211 Carallia brachyata (Lour.) Merr. 212 Xanthophyllum sp. 213 Tetramerista glabra Miq. 214 Knema sp. 215 Baccaurea puberula Merr. 216 Syzigium chloranthum (Duth.) Merr. & Perry 217 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 218 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 219 Aporusa falcifera Hk.f. 220 Syzygium sp. 221 Baccaurea bracteata M.A. 222 Pternandra rostrata (Cogn.) Ohwi 223 Aporusa falcifera Hk.f. 42 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots Fabaceae Fagaceae Flacourtiaceae Lauraceae Lecythidaceae Melastomataceae Meliaceae Myristicaceae Myrtaceae Oxalidaceae Polygalaceae Rosaceae Sapindaceae Sapotaceae Sterculiaceae Theaceae Anacardiaceae Annonaceae Araucariaceae Arecaceae Bombacaceae Burseraceae Celastraceae Clusiaceae Convolvulaceae Dilleniaceae Dipterocarpaceae Ebenaceae Elaeocarpaceae Euphorbiacea

CNV05 FAMILY

100 80 60 40 20 0 100 100 54 59 303 195 187 53 188 302 58 57 55 196 194 193 50 305 49 51 63 197 198 306 192 300 174 304 66 47 48 65 199 299 80 80 166 46 295 294 165 44 71 298 70 297 167 172 293 43 68 45 164 169 41 296 42 292 200 173 73 170 163 40 162 161 160 75 76 84 159 77 158 86 291 60 60 146 289 78 87 145 150 79 151 33 148 88 136 153 31 152 83 91 34 149 90 89 155 282 283 154 284 30 29 82 156 80 227 38 224 141 92 36 285 140 157 279 28 81 40 40 93 133 25 27 244 135 270 132 23 273 137 269 272 131 138 95 236 14 130 129 274 13 97 239 18 240 19 16 99 98 275 242 241 20 20 100 102 248 258 257 12 265 104 246 123 106 103 249 255 105 6 256 251 Distribution of Trees in Plot CNV05 259 250 254 264 263 260 118 253 112 252 110 114 111 122 262 261

0 0

100 80 60 40 20 0 Figure 9. A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 43

Table 5. List of Trees in Plot CNV05 Tree # Species 1 Shorea sp. 2 Swintonia glauca Engl. 3 Dacryodes rugosa H.J.Lam 4 Shorea macroptera Dyer 5 Baccaurea parvifl ora (M.A.) M.A. 6 Pouteria malaccensis (Clarke) Baeh. 7 Myristica beccarii Warb. 8 Shorea pinanga Scheff. 9 Agathis borneensis Warb. 10 Calophyllum pulcherrimum Wall. ex Planch. & Trian 11 Swintonia glauca Engl. 12 Pouteria malaccensis (Clarke) Baeh. 13 Agathis borneensis Warb. 14 Shorea beccariana Burck. 15 Lithocarpus sp. 16 Memecylon myrsinoides Blume 17 Dead 18 Shorea ochracea Sym. 19 Garcinia dioica Bl. 20 Shorea pinanga Scheff. 21 Shorea venulosa Wood ex Meijer 22 Celtis philippensis Blanco 23 Agathis borneensis Warb. 24 Dead 25 Shorea maxwelliana King 26 Dead 27 Palaqium calophyllum (T.& B.) Pierre 28 Garcinia dioica Bl. 29 Shorea pinanga Scheff. 30 Scaphium macropodum (Miq.) Beumée ex Heyne 31 Castanopsis sp. 32 Dead 33 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 34 Memecylon myrsinoides Blume 35 Dead 36 Scaphium macropodum (Miq.) Beumee ex Heyne 37 Dead 44 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 5. Continued Tree # Species 38 Artocarpus anisophyllus Miq. 39 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 40 Neesia altissima (Bl.) Bl. 41 Lophopetalum subobovatum King 42 Diospyros oblonga Wall ex G. Don 43 Pternandra rostrata (Cogn.) Ohwi 44 Licania splendens (Korth.) Prance 45 Licania splendens (Korth.) Prance 46 Pouteria malaccensis (Clarke) Baeh. 47 Sarcotheca diversifolia (Miq.) Hall.f. 48 Dillenia grandifolia Wall. Ex Hk.f. 49 Erycibe impressa Hoogl. 50 Shorea venulosa Wood ex Meijer 51 Myristica beccarii Warb. 52 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 53 Tetramerista glabra Miq. 54 Dacryodes incurvata (Engler) H.J. Lam 55 Shorea venulosa Wood ex Meijer 56 Agathis borneensis Warb. 57 Hydnocarpus kunstleri (King) Warb. 58 Swintonia glauca Engl. 59 Swintonia glauca Engl. 60 Shorea sp. 61 Pternandra rostrata (Cogn.) Ohwi 62 Myristica beccarii Warb. 63 Castanopsis sp. 64 Myristica beccarii Warb. 65 Baccaurea edulis Merr. 66 Baringtonia sp. 67 Dead 68 Hydnocarpus kunstleri (King) Warb. 69 Dead 70 Hydnocarpus kunstleri (King) Warb. 71 Scaphium macropodum (Miq.) Beumée ex Heyne 72 Dead 73 Calophyllum venulosum Miq. 74 Unidentifi ed A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 45

Table 5. Continued Tree # Species 75 Syzygium chloranthum (Duth.) Merr. & Perry 76 Shorea sp. 77 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 78 Hydnocarpus kunstleri (King) Warb. 79 Shorea pinanga Scheff. 80 Dipterocarpus lowii Hk.f. 81 Gymnacranthera paniculata Warb. 82 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 83 Swintonia glauca Engl. 84 Shorea sp. 85 Agathis borneensis Warb. 86 Shorea maxwelliana King 87 Koompassia malaccensis Maing. ex Benth. 88 Shorea maxwelliana King 89 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 90 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 91 Shorea maxwelliana King 92 Syzygium clavifl orum (Roxb.) Wall. ex Cowan 93 Dipterocapus lowii Hk.f. 94 Dead 95 Shorea macroptera Dyer 96 Dead 97 Koompassia malaccensis Maing. ex Benth. 98 Garcinia dioica Bl. 99 Palaquium rostratum (Miq.) Burk. 100 Shorea seminis (de Vriese) Slooten 101 Dead 102 Shorea pinanga Scheff. 103 Syzygium bankense (Hassk.) Merr. & Perry 104 Santiria laevigata Bl. f. laevigata 105 Koompassia malaccensis Maing. ex Benth. 106 Calophyllum pulcherrimum Wall. ex Planch. & Trian 107 Dead 108 Calophyllum pulcherrimum Wall. ex Planch. & Trian 109 Agathis borneensis Warb. 110 Mezzetia parvifolia Becc. 111 Palaquium cochlarifl orum V. Royen 46 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 5. Continued Tree # Species 112 Gymnacranthera paniculata Warb. 113 Dead 114 Syzygium bankense (Hassk.) Merr. & Perry 115 Myristica beccarii Warb. 116 Shorea pinanga Scheff. 117 Pternandra rostrata (Cogn.) Ohwi 118 Shorea rubra Ashton 119 Horsfi eldia sp. 120 Vatica oblongifolia Hook.f. 121 Xylopia malayana Hook.f. ex Th. 122 Shorea beccariana Scheff. 123 Shorea macroptera Dyer 124 Palaqium calophyllum (T.& B.) Pierre 125 Shorea maxwelliana King 126 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 127 Shorea rubra Ashton 128 Garcinia dioica Bl. 129 Shorea rubra Ashton 130 Nephelium uncinatum Leenh 131 Shorea macroptera Dyer 132 Shorea rubra Ashton 133 Shorea rubra Ashton 134 Dead 135 Calophyllum pulcherrimum Wall. ex Planch. & Trian 136 Sarcotheca diversifolia (Miq.) Hall.f. 137 Shorea rubra Ashton 138 Syzygium sp. 139 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 140 Artocarpus anysophyllus Miq. 141 Shorea maxwelliana King 142 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 143 Shorea maxwelliana King 144 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 145 Diospyros sp. 146 Syzygium sp. 147 Dead 148 Agathis borneensis Warb. A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 47

Table 5. Continued Tree # Species 149 Shorea beccariana Burk. 150 Syzygium sp. 151 Pouteria malaccensis (Clarke) Baeh. 152 Xanthophyllum sp. 153 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 154 Hydnocarpus woodii Merr. 155 Gymnacranthera paniculata Warb. 156 Garcinia nervosa Miq. 157 Hydnocarpus woodii Merr. 158 Horsfi eldia sp. 159 Shorea rubra Ashton 160 Calophyllum pulcherrimum Wall. ex Planch. & Trian 161 Aporusa antennifera (Airy Shaw) Airy Shaw 162 Nephelium uncinatum Leenh. 163 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 164 Quercus sp. 165 Shorea venulosa Wood ex Meijer 166 Dipterocapus lowii Hk.f. 167 Shorea rubra Ashton 168 Dead 169 Artocarpus sp. 170 Shorea rubra Ashton 171 Agathis borneensis Warb. 172 Diospyros sp. 173 Santiria griffi thii(Hk.f.) Engl. 174 Madhuca malaccensis (Clarke) H.J.Lam. 175 Adinandra borneensis Kob. 176 Shorea rubra Ashton 177 Shorea maxwelliana King 178 Adinandra borneensis Kob. 179 Sindora sp. 180 Mangifera swintonioides Kosterm 181 Dead 182 Shorea macroptera Dyer. 183 Hydocarpus sp. 184 Madhuca malaccensis (Clarke) H.J.Lam. 185 Lithocarpus ewyckii Rehd. 48 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 5. Continued Tree # Species 186 Pouteria malaccensis (Clarke) Baeh. 187 Shorea maxwelliana King 188 Shorea rubra Ashton 189 Koompassia malaccensis Maing. ex Benth. 190 Shorea rubra Ashton 191 Calophyllum pulcherrimum Wall. ex Planch. & Trian 192 Memecylon myrsinoides Blume 193 Shorea venulosa Wood ex Meijer 194 Madhuca malaccensis (Clarke) H.J.Lam. 195 Lithocarpus ewyckii Rehd. 196 Lithocarpus ewyckii Rehd. 197 Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr. 198 Elaeocarpus petiolatus (Thunb) 199 Dillenia grandifolia Wall. 200 Madhuca malaccensis (Clarke) H.J.Lam. 201 Garcinia dioica Bl. 202 Myristicaceae 203 Myristicaceae 204 Shorea rubra Ashton 205 Shorea venulosa Wood ex Meijer 206 Pouteria malaccensis (Clarke) Baeh. 207 Shorea rubra Ashton 208 Beilschmeidia sp. 209 Dipterocarpus lowii Hk.f. 210 Shorea beccariana Burk. 211 Garcinia sp. 212 Dead 213 Atuna excelsa (Benth.) Kosterm. 214 Syzygium bankense (Hassk.) Merr & Perry 215 Dead 216 Dead 217 Agathis borneensis Warb. 218 Dead 219 Agathis borneensis Warb. 220 Garcinia sp. 221 Anisoptera costata Korth. 222 Shorea venulosa Wood ex Meijer A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 49

Table 5. Continued Tree # Species 223 Madhuca malaccensis (Clarke) H.J.Lam 224 Ternstroemia aneura Miq. 225 Syzygium sp. 226 Shorea maxwelliana King 227 Madhuca malaccensis (Clarke) H.J.Lam 228 Ternstroemia aneura Miq. 229 Santiria griffi thii (Hk.f.) Engl. 230 Shorea venulosa Wood ex Meijer 231 Baccaurea sumatrana M.A. 232 Swintonia glauca Engl. 233 Baccaurea sumatrana M.A. 234 Horsfi eldia sp. 235 Syzygium jambosoides (Laut.) Merr. & Perry 236 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 237 Pouteria malaccensis (Clarke) Baeh. 238 Garcinia nervosa Miq. 239 Shorea maxwelliana King 240 Shorea maxwelliana King 241 Horsfi eldia sp. 242 Shorea rubra Ashton 243 Semecarpus longifolia Bl. 244 Shorea maxwelliana King 245 Sarcotheca diversifolia (Miq.) Hall.f. 246 Shorea maxwelliana King 247 Dead 248 Calophyllum lowii Hook.f. 249 Shorea beccariana Burk. 250 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 251 Durio carinatus Mast. 252 Lithocarpus ewyckii Rehd. 253 Madhuca malaccensis (Clarke) H.J.Lam 254 Syzygium splendens (Bl.) Merr. & Perry 255 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 256 Ixonanthes petiolaris Bl. 257 Dipterocarpus lowii Hk.f. 258 Lithocarpus ewyckii Rehd. 259 Shorea venulosa Wood ex Meijer 50 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 5. Continued Tree # Species 260 Sarcotheca diversifolia (Miq.) Hall.f. 261 Shorea macroptera Dyer 262 Knema laurina (Bl.) Warb. 263 Adinandra borneensis Kob. 264 Shorea macroptera Dyer 265 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 266 Helicia petiolaris Benn. 267 Syzygium jambosoides (Laut.) Merr. & Perry 268 Litsea fi rmaBl. 269 Gymnacranthera paniculata Warb. 270 Madhuca malaccensis (Clarke) H.J.Lam 271 Unidentifi ed 272 Shorea rubra Ashton 273 Shorea maxwelliana King 274 Madhuca malaccensis (Clarke) H.J.Lam. 275 Shorea maxwelliana King 276 Calophyllum lowii Hook.f. 277 Madhuca malaccensis (Clarke) H.J.Lam. 278 Calophyllum lowii Hook.f. 279 Shorea venulosa Wood ex Meijer 280 Dead 281 Xanthophyllum sp. 282 Sindora coriacea Maing. ex Prain 283 Melanochyla beccariana Oliv. 284 Shorea maxwelliana King 285 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 286 Swintonia glauca Engl. 287 Dead 288 Shorea rubra Ashton 289 Eugeissonia utilis Becc. 290 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 291 Anisoptera sp. 292 Scaphium macropodum (Miq.) Beumée ex Heyne 293 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 294 Shorea rubra Ashton 295 Agathis borneensis Warb. 296 Eugeissonia tristis Griff. A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 51

Table 5. Continued Tree # Species 297 Koompassia malaccensis Maing. ex Benth. 298 Castanopsis sp. 299 Gymnacranthera paniculata Warb. 300 Tristaniopsis whiteana (Griff.) Wils. & Waterh. 301 Dead 302 Adinandra borneensis Kob. 303 Tetramerista glabra Miq. 304 Shorea pinanga Scheff. 305 Macaranga 306 Castanopsis 52 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots Gnetaceae Lauraceae Melastomataceae Meliaceae Myristicaceae Myrtaceae Oxalidaceae Podocarpaceae Rhizophoraceae Rosaceae Rubiaceae Sapindaceae Sapotaceae Simarubaceae Sterculiaceae Theaceae Ulmaceae Violaceae Anacardiaceae Annonaceae Apocynaceae Arecaceae Bombacaceae Burseraceae Celastraceae Clusiaceae Cornaceae Dipterocarpaceae Ebenaceae Elaeocarpaceae Euphorbiacea Fabaceae Fagaceae Flacourtiaceae

CNV06 FAMILY

100 80 60 40 20 0 100 100 104 4 13 99 111 208 222 119 101 162 224 182 113 17 143 50 179 127 29 80 80 107 177 157 20 1 37 129 18 49 106 164 27 76 114 172 89 112 126 231 210 230 7 48 213 186 47 34 125 25 184 60 60 66 174 22 96 55 11 30 35 109 225 74 193 205 45 168 155 209 158 43 40 40 195 15 41 133 56 103 178 67 73 159 95 132 19 33 94 154 185 169 57 97 10 40 202 105 171 163 115 68 20 20 108 71 32 136 226 102 220 191 217 Distribution of Trees in Plot CNV06 23 203 38 187 9 69 85 39 180

0 0

100 80 60 40 20 0 Figure 10. A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 53

Table 6. List of Trees in Plot CNV06 Tree # Species 1 Koompassia malaccensis Maing. ex. Benth 2 Dead 3 Dipterocarpus lowii Hk.f. 4 Baccaurea pendula Merr. 5 Cephalomappa lepidota Airy Shaw 6 Microcos sp. 7 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 8 Dipterocarpus lowii Hk.f. 9 Knema cinerea (Poir.) Warb. 10 Licania splendens (Korth.) Prance 11 Syzygium sp. 12 Dead 13 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 14 Dead 15 Shorea sp. 16 Dipterocarpus lowii Hk.f. 17 Litsea castanea Hook.f. 18 Vatica rasak (Korth.) Bl. 19 Vatica rasak (Korth.) Bl. 20 Dehaasia fi rma Bl. 21 Vatica rasak (Korth.) Bl. 22 Palaquium gutta (Hook.f.) Baill. 23 Tetramerista glabra Miq. 24 Neoscortechinia kingii (Hk.f.) Pax & Hoffm. 25 Tetramerista glabra Miq. 26 Neoscortechinia kingii (Hk.f.) Pax & Hoffm. 27 Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Bl. 28 Palaquium obtusifolium Burck. 29 Vatica rasak (Korth.) Bl. 30 Vatica rasak (Korth.) Bl. 31 Amoora lanceolata Hiem. 32 Syzygium sp. 33 Lophopetalum subobovatum King 34 Gymnacranthera paniculata Warb. 35 Myristica sp. 36 Dacryodes incurvata (Engl.) H.J.Lam. 37 Elaeocarpus polystachys Wall. 54 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 6. Continued Tree # Species 38 Dehaasia fi rma Bl. 39 Koompassia malaccensis Maing. ex Benth. 40 Alseodaphne havilandii (Gamble) Kosterm 41 Scaphium macropodum (Miq.) Beumée ex Heyne 42 Unidentifi ed 43 Gironiera nervosa Planch. 44 Lophopetalum subobovatum King 45 Dehaasia fi rma Bl. 46 Dead 47 Carallia brachyata (Lour.) Merr. 48 Shorea maxwelliana King 49 Memecylon myrsinoides Blume 50 Oncosperma horridum Scheff. 51 Shorea sp. 52 Unidentifi ed 53 Artocarpus anisophyllus Miq. 54 Gymnacranthera forbesii (King) Warb 55 Mangifera magnifi ca Kochumen 56 Knema furfuracea (Hk.f. ex Th.) Warb. 57 Knema furfuracea (Hk.f. ex Th.) Warb. 58 Durio lanceolatus Mast. 59 Carallia brachyata (Lour.) Merr. 60 Dehaasia fi rma Kosterm. 61 Eugeissona utilis Becc 62 Lithocarpus sp. 63 Xylopia altissima Boerl. 64 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 65 Parastemon urophyllus DC. 66 Carallia brachyata (Lour) Merr. 67 Myristica sp. 68 Sarcotheca diversifolia (Miq.) Hall.f. 69 Calophyllum lowii Hook.f 70 Alstonia angustiloba Miq. 71 Aporusa falcifera Hk.f. 72 Shorea parvifolia Dyer. 73 Vatica rasak (Korth.) Bl. 74 Vatica rasak (Korth.) Bl. A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 55

Table 6. Continued Tree # Species 75 Pternandra caerulescens Jack. 76 Syzygium sp. 77 Palaquium sumatranum Burck 78 Dipterocarpus lowii Hk.f. 79 Lophopetalum subobovatum King 80 Palaquium sumatranum Burck 81 Knema furfuracea (Hk.f.ex Th.) Warb. 82 Diospyros sp. 83 Polyosma sp. 84 Garcinia sp. 85 Eugenia chlorantum (Duth.) Merr. & Perry 86 Lithocarpus blumeanus (Korth.) Rehd. 87 Sarcotheca diversifolia (Miq.) Hall.f. 88 Artocarpus kemando Miq. 89 Tetramerista glabra Miq. 90 Tetramerista glabra Miq. 91 Unidentifi ed 92 Dehaasia fi rma Bl. 93 Myristica maxima Warb. 94 Sindora sp. 95 Prunus spicata Kalkm. 96 Polyalthia sumatrana King 97 Calophyllum venulosum Zoll. 98 Dead 99 Licania splendens (Korth.) Prance 100 Madhuca malaccensis Lam 101 Baccaurea defl exa M.A. 102 Baccaurea angulata Merr. 103 Gnetum cuspidatum Bl. 104 Polyalthia rumphii Merr. 105 Eugenia fastigiata Miq. 106 Shorea seminis (de Vriese) Slooten 107 Myristica villosa Warb. 108 Baccaurea angulata Merr. 109 Eugeissona utilis Becc. 110 Baccaurea angulata Merr. 111 Madhuca sericea Lam 56 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 6. Continued Tree # Species 112 Koompassia malaccensis Maing. ex Benth. 113 Sageraea elliptica (DC.) Hk.f. ex Th. 114 Myristica villosa Warb. 115 Mastixia trichotoma Bl. 116 Diospyros oblonga Wall. ex G.Don 117 Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Bl. 118 Myristica villosa Warb. 119 Baccaurea kunstleri King 120 Litsea laevigata Gamble 121 Dead 122 Unidentifi ed 123 Unidentifi ed 124 Dipterocarpus lowii Hk.f. 125 Dacryodes incurvata (Engler) H.J.Lam. 126 Hydnocarpus woodii Merr. ex Slooten 127 Licania splendens (Korth.) Prance 128 Cratoxylum formosum Benth. & Hook. f. ex Dyer 129 Myristica villosa Warb. 130 Artocarpus anisophyllus Miq. 131 Memecylon myrsinoides Blume 132 Shorea 133 Hydnocarpus woodii Merr. ex Slooten 134 Dead 135 Koompassia malaccensis Maing. ex Benth. 136 Dyera costulata Hook.f. 137 Shorea paucifl ora King 138 Helicia petiolaris Benn. 139 Baccaurea pendulla Merr. 140 Melanochyla beccariana Oliv. 141 Dead 142 Rhodamnia cinerea Jack. 143 Artocarpus anisophyllus Miq. 144 Dipterocarpus lowii Hook.f. 145 Buchanania arborescens (Bl.) Bl. 146 Teysmaniodendron simplicifolium Merr. 147 Dead 148 Sarcotheca diversifolia (Miq.) Hall.f. A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 57

Table 6. Continued Tree # Species 149 Syzygium chloranthum (Duth.) Merr. & Perry 150 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 151 Palaquium obtusifolium Burck. 152 Vatica rasak (Korth.) Bl. 153 Ixonanthes petiolaris Bl. 154 Adinandra borneensis Kob. 155 Vatica rasak (Korth.) Bl. 156 Tetramerista glabra Miq. 157 Melanochyla beccariana Oliv. 158 Koona ochracea (Elm) Merr. 159 Parishia maingayi Hook.f 160 Pternandra rostrata (Cogn.) Ohwi 161 Dead 162 Mastixia trichotoma Bl. 163 Durio dulcis Becc. 164 Lithocarpus sp. 165 Shorea sp. 166 Diospyros sp. 167 Dead 168 Durio lanceolatus Mast. 169 Vatica rasak (Korth.) Bl. 170 Dead 171 Myristica sp. 172 Palaquium rostratum (Miq.) Burck 173 Pternandra rostrata (Cogn.) Ohwi 174 Calophyllum lowii Hook.f. 175 Dead 176 Hopea sp. 177 Nephelium uncinatum Leenh. 178 Pternandra rostrata (Cogn.) Ohwi 179 Sarcotheca diversifolia (Miq.) Hall.f. 180 Myristica sp. 181 Tetramerista glabra Miq. 182 Palaquium rostratum (Miq.) Burck 183 Macaranga hypoleuca M.A. 184 Archidendron sp. 185 Palaquium sumatranum Burck 58 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 6. Continued Tree # Species 186 Tetramerista glabra Miq. 187 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 188 Pternandra rostrata (Cogn.) Ohwi 189 Knema furfuracea (Hk.f.et Th.) Warb. 190 Tetramerista glabra Miq. 191 Palaquium rostratum (Miq.) Burck 192 Palaquium rostratum (Miq.) Burck 193 Podocarpus neriifolius D.Don. 194 Shorea seminis (de Vriese) Slooten 195 Aglaia cf. gamopetala Merr. 196 Celtis philippensis Blanco 197 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 198 Pternandra rostrata (Cogn.) Ohwi 199 Dead 200 Oncosperma horridum Scheff. 201 Adinandra borneensis Kob. 202 Shorea seminis (de Vriese) Slooten 203 Tetramerista glabra Miq. 204 Neesia malayana Bakh. 205 Gardenia tubifera Wall. 206 Syzygium ochneocarpa Merr. 207 Shorea seminis (de Vriese) Slooten 208 Irvingia malayana Oliv. 209 Shorea seminis (de Vriese) Slooten 210 Alstonia spathulata Blume 211 Canarium littorale Bl. 212 Lithocarpus blumeanus (Korth.) Rehd. 213 Palaquium rostratum (Miq.) Burck 214 Licania splendens (Korth.) Prance 215 Shorea johorensis Foxw. 216 Dead 217 Dehaasia fi rma Bl. 218 Calophyllum lowii Hook.f. 219 Vatica sp. 220 Archidendron sp. 221 Lophopetalum subobovatum King 222 Vatica sp. A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 59

Table 6. Continued Tree # Species 223 Dillenia grandifolia Wall. ex Hk.f. 224 Tetramerista glabra Miq. 225 Sarcotheca diversifolia (Miq.) Hall.f. 226 Shorea sp. 227 Shorea sp. 228 Gymnacranthera contracta Warb. 229 Artocarpus kemando Miq. 230 Castanopsis motleyana King. 231 Lophopetalum subobovatum King 60 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots Myristicaceae Myrtaceae Olacaceae Oleaceae Polygalaceae Proteaceae Rhizophoraceae Rosaceae Rubiaceae Sapindaceae Sapotaceae Sterculiaceae Theaceae Thymelaeaceae Tiliaceae Verbenaceae Alangiaceae Anacardiaceae Annonaceae Apocynaceae Arecaceae Bombacaceae Burseraceae Clusiaceae Dipterocarpaceae Ebenaceae Euphorbiacea Fabaceae Fagaceae Lauraceae Meliaceae

CNV07 FAMILY

100 80 60 40 20 0 100 100 41 42 209 208 128 127 206 121 38 39 120 207 37 204 202 122 49 36 130 119 203 118 116 201 133 131 46 35 111 199 135 200 80 134 80 115 30 29 112 113 110 136 138 109 139 108 137 141 107 142 194 143 32 195 192 146 144 103 60 60 145 190 23 60 59 189 191 102 62 148 150 99 22 101 100 21 19 64 67 151 65 17 183 184 181 152 66 18 69 68 16 40 40 157 98 176 175 155 156 70 13 153 177 174 12 154 71 9 11 172 158 173 72 97 14 159 94 15 96 74 160 93 73 95 75 8 90 4 20 20 161 89 7 77 76 3 168 169 91 88 78 Distribution of Trees in Plot CNV07 6 2 167 162 84 79 1 87 83 164 165 80 86 5 81 82 85 166 20

0 0

100 80 60 40 20 0 Figure 11. A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 61

Table 7. List of Trees in Plot CNV07 Tree # Species 1 Shorea sp. 2 Dehaasia fi rma Bl. 3 Shorea sp. 4 Shorea sp. 5 Beilschmiedia glabra Kosterm 6 Shorea fallax Meijer 7 Shorea fallax Meijer 8 Aglaia harmsiana Park. 9 Baccaurea edulis Merr. 10 Dead 11 Durio grandifl orus Kost. 12 Polyalthia glauca Boerl. 13 Garcinia maingayi Hook.f. 14 Spatholobus sp. 15 Shorea fallax Meijer 16 Knema furfuracea (Hk.f. ex. Th.) Warb. 17 Plectronia sp. 18 Gonystylus keithii Airy Shaw 19 Elateriospermum tapos Bl. 20 Parashorea smithiesii Wyatt-Smith ex Ashton 21 Tabernaemontana sphaerocarpa Bl. 22 Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Bl. 23 Artocarpus lanceifolius Roxb. 24 Beilschmiedia glabra Kosterm. 25 Polyalthia glauca Boerl. 26 Dead 27 Dead 28 Elateriospermum tapos Bl. 29 Prunus arborea (Bl.) Kalkm. 30 Santiria sp. 31 Mastixia rostrata Bl. 32 Ochanostachys amentacea Mast. 33 Aglaia ganggo Miq. 34 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 35 Baccaurea pendula Merr. 36 Polyalthia glauca Boerl. 37 Teijsmaniodendron simplicifolium Merr. 62 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 7. Continued Tree # Species 38 Parashorea smithiesii Wyatt-Smith ex Ashton 39 Plectronia sp. 40 Litsea angulata Bl. 41 Pentace laxifl ora Merr. 42 Chionanthus sp. 43 Dead 44 Teijsmaniodendron simplicifolium Merr. 45 Shorea ochracea Sym 46 Carallia brachyata (Lour.) Merr. 47 Shorea seminis (de Vriese) Slooten 48 Chisocheton divergens Bl. 49 Heritiera borneensis (Merr.) Kosterm. 50 Heritiera borneensis (Merr.) Kosterm. 51 Teijsmaniodendron simplicifolium Merr. 52 Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk. 53 Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Bl. 54 Aporusa falcifera Hk.f. 55 Syzygium sp. 56 Palaquium calophyllum Pierre ex Burck 57 Payena acuminta (Bl.) Pierre 58 Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Bl. 59 Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Bl. 60 Helicia serrata (R.Br.) Bl. 61 Shorea fallax Meijer 62 Palaquium dasyphyllum Pierre 63 Dead 64 Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Bl. 65 Baccaurea edulis Merr. 66 Nephelium uncinatum Leenh 67 Baccaurea edulis Merr. 68 Shorea fallax Meijer 69 Dysoxylum sp. 70 Shorea fallax Meijer 71 Polyalthia sumatrana King 72 Artocarpus lanceifolius Roxb. 73 Mezzetia parvifolia Becc. 74 Artocarpus lanceifolius Roxb. A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 63

Table 7. Continued Tree # Species 75 Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Bl. 76 Dacryodes rugosa H.J.Lam 77 Knema laurina (Bl.) Warb. 78 Knema furfuracea (Hk.f. ex. Th.) Warb. 79 Knema sp. 80 Diospyros sp. 81 Macaranga pruinosa (Miq.) Muell Arg. 82 Amoora lanceolata Hiern 83 Shorea fallax Meijer 84 Diospyros sp. 85 Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Bl. 86 Artocarpus lanceifolius Roxb. 87 Elateriospermum tapos Bl. 88 Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Bl. 89 Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Bl. 90 Shorea fallax Meijer 91 Knema furfuracea (Hk.f. ex. Th.) Warb. 92 Knema laurina (Bl.) Warb. 93 Syzygium splendens (Bl.) Merr. & Perry 94 Palaquium rostratum Burck 95 Heritiera javanica (Bl.) Kosterm. 96 Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Bl. 97 Parashorea smithiesii Wyatt-Smith ex Ashton 98 Tetramerista glabra Miq. 99 Gymnacranthera paniculata Warb 100 Chisocheton divergens Bl. 101 Xylopia altissima Boerl. 102 Lithocarpus sundaicus (Bl.) Rehd. 103 Diospyros borneensis Hiern 104 Pometia pinnata Forst. 105 Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Bl. 106 Livistona sp. 107 Shorea leprosula Miq. 108 Madhuca oblongifolia Merr. 109 Parishia maingayi Hk.f. 110 Syzygium splendens (Bl.) Merr. & Perry 111 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 64 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 7. Continued Tree # Species 112 Polyalthia glauca Boerl. 113 Shorea fallax Meijer 114 Dead 115 Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Bl. 116 Cleistanthus myrianthus (Hassk.) Krz. 117 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 118 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 119 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 120 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 121 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 122 Lithocarpus blumeanus (Korth.) Rehd. 123 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 124 Nephelium lappaceum Miq. 125 Kokoona ohracea (Elmer) Merr. 126 Palaquium sumatranum Burk. 127 Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Bl. 128 Xanthophyllum sp. 129 Livistona sp. 130 Koodersiodendron pinnatum (Blanco) Merr. 131 Adinandra sp. 132 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 133 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 134 Pometia pinnata Forst. 135 Ficus glandulifera Wall. 136 Lithocarpus sp. 137 Syzygium sp. 138 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 139 Xanthophyllum amoenum Chod. 140 Polyalthia glauca Boerl. 141 Aporusa lunata (Miq.) Kurz. 142 Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Bl. 143 Myristica sp. 144 Dehaasia fi rma Bl. 145 Knema furfuracea (Hk.f. ex Th.) Warb. 146 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 147 Dead 148 Syzygium laxifl orum DC. A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 65

Table 7. Continued Tree # Species 149 Dead 150 Pterocymbium tubulatum (Mast.) Pierre 151 Shorea fallax Meijer 152 Pentace laxifl ora Merr. 153 Helicia petiolaris Benn. 154 Actinodaphne glomerata (Bl.) Nees 155 Koompassia malaccensis Maing. ex Benth. 156 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 157 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 158 Palaquium dasyphyllum Pierre 159 Palaquium dasyphyllum Pierre 160 Cleistanthus myrianthus (Hassk.) Krz. 161 Diospyros borneensis Hiern 162 Dehaasia fi rma Bl. 163 Dead 164 Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Bl. 165 Ficus globosa Bl. 166 Shorea leprosula Miq. 167 Diospyros borneensis Hiern 168 Cleistanthus myrianthus (Hassk.) Krz. 169 Syzygium sp. 170 Pentace laxifl oraMerr. 171 Macaranga hosei King ex Hook.f. 172 Lithocarpus blumeanus (Korth.) Rehd. 173 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 174 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 175 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 176 Knema cinerea (Poir.) Warb. 177 Aporusa falcifera Hk.f. 178 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 179 Livistona sp. 180 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 181 Livistona sp. 182 Dead 183 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 184 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 185 Shorea parvifolia Dye r 66 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 7. Continued Tree # Species 186 Pternandra rostrata (Cogn.) Ohwi 187 Dead 188 Nepheium lapaceum Miq. 189 Syzygium sp. 190 Alangium sp. 191 Madhuca malaccensis (Clarke) H.J.Lam 192 Dehaasia fi rma Bl. 193 Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Bl. 194 Ostodes macrophylla B. ex H. 195 Hopea dryobalanoides Miq. 196 Bhesa paniculata Arn 197 Dead 198 Dead 199 Chisocheton divergens Bl. 200 Baccaurea kunstleri King. 201 Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Bl. 202 Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Bl. 203 Polyalthiya laterifl ora King 204 Quercus sp. 205 Macaranga pruinosa (Miq.) Muell Arg. 206 Dipterocarpus humeratus Sloot. 207 Calophyllum pulcherrimum Wall. 208 Parashorea smithiesii Wyatt-Smith ex Ashton 209 Calophyllum venulosum Miq. A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 67 Fagaceae Flacourtiaceae Icacinaceae Lauraceae Melastomataceae Meliaceae Myristicaceae Myrtaceae Polygalaceae Proteaceae Rosaceae Sapindaceae Sapotaceae Simarubaceae Sterculiaceae Theaceae Anacardiaceae Annonaceae Apocynaceae Araucariaceae Arecaceae Bombacaceae Burseraceae Clusiaceae Dilleniaceae Dipterocarpaceae Ebenaceae Elaeocarpaceae Euphorbiacea Fabaceae

CNV08 FAMILY

100 80 60 40 20 0 100 100 69 63 67 70 65 160 161 301 165 166 61 159 59 162 64 71 68 175 66 173 169 167 56 163 57 174 164 176 170 55 158 168 157 299 172 54 171 177 156 52 72 178 48 298 180 73 297 51 155 179 154 151 182 80 80 74 47 292 42 77 149 291 38 150 46 44 296 39 295 183 75 189 76 45 37 184 43 188 40 186 293 148 36 79 294 185 41 35 187 84 289 290 33 32 83 82 190 147 34 288 81 26 60 60 146 191 192 25 287 88 86 286 193 24 285 27 31 30 87 145 284 194 28 85 21 142 91 89 92 283 279 275 141 280 144 140 90 93 100 278 282 281 97 20 274 99 143 139 19 98 138 94 96 199 273 40 40 267 196 16 200 15 133 137 104 272 265 131 14 266 201 198 18 197 136 103 263 105 271 130 202 134 268 269 17 264 109 262 102 13 128 129 270 258 209 205 12 206 203 11 261 259 127 106 256 204 260 207 125 254 9 20 20 223 212 115 122 8 248 123 7 247 211 224 249 221 246 121 250 5 124 251 110 Distribution of Trees in Plot CNV08 112 4 120 216 215 119 220 3 117 245 252 239 2 244 225 111 237 226 243 236 240 241 238 234 232 231 228 230 233 118 227 1

235

242 0 0

100 80 60 40 20 0 Figure 12. 68 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 8. List of Trees on Plot# CNV08 Tree # Species 1 Artocarpus anisophyllus Miq. 2 Dacryodes rugosa H.J.Lam var. rugosa 3 Dialium trifolum de Wit 4 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 5 Knema glauca (Bl.) Warb. 6 Xanthophyllum rufum Bth. 7 Cryptocarya sp. 8 Knema glauca (Bl.) Warb. 9 Myristica tomentosa Warb. 10 Dead 11 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 12 Durio carinatus Mast. 13 Polyalthia laterifl ora Kurz. 14 Prunus spicata Kalkm. 15 Shorea paucifl ora King 16 Dipterocarpus confertus Sloot. 17 Cinnamomum sp. 18 Irvingia malayana Oliv. 19 Shorea macroptera Dyer 20 Shorea agami Ashton 21 Shorea macroptera Dyer 22 Dacryodes incurvata (Engler) H.J.Lam 23 Prunus sp. 24 Knema cinerea (Poir.) Warb. 25 Shorea paucifl ora King 26 Syzygium tawahense (Korth.) Merr. & Perry 27 Dipterocarpus confertus Sloot. 28 Cryptocarya densifl ora Bl. 29 Shorea agami Ashton 30 Diospyros sp. 31 Madhuca malaccensis (Clarke.) H.J.Lam 32 Quercus sp. 33 Myristica beccarii Warb. 34 Moultonianthus leembruggianus (Boerl. & Koord.) Steenis 35 Drypetes kikir Airy Shaw 36 Syzygium bankensis (Hassk.) Merr. & Perry 37 Licania splendens (Korth.) Prance A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 69

Table 8. Continued Tree # Species 38 Shorea agami Ashton 39 Horsfi eldia sp. 40 Litsea sp. 41 Horsfi eldia sp. 42 Nephelium uncinatum Radlk. ex Leenh. 43 Endiandra coriacea Merr. 44 Horsfi eldia sp. 45 Shorea beccariana Burck 46 Mangifera swintonioides Kosterm 47 Drypetes kikir Airy Shaw 48 Shorea rubra Ashton 49 Shorea rubra Ashton 50 Horsfi eldia sp. 51 Shorea rubra Ashton 52 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 53 Dead 54 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 55 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 56 Syzygium clavifl oraWall. 57 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 58 Dead 59 Durio lanceolatus Mast. 60 Shorea maxwelliana King 61 Shorea maxwelliana King 62 Dead 63 Agathis borneensis Warb. 64 Santiria griffi thii (Hk.f.) Engl. 65 Knema sp. 66 Gymnacranthera paniculata Warb 67 Knema sp. 68 Artocarpus anisophyllus Miq. 69 Shorea maxwelliana King 70 Mangifera magnifi ca Kochumen 71 Memecylon myrsinoides Bl. 72 Shorea beccariana Burck 73 Pimeleodendron papaveroides J.J.S. 74 Scaphium macropodum (Miq.) Beumee ex Heyne 70 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 8. Continued Tree # Species 75 Aporusa sp. 76 Shorea beccariana Burck 77 Durio lanceolatus Mast. 78 Unidentifi ed 79 Xylopia malayana Hk. f. Thoms. 80 Archidendron fagifolium (Bl. ex Miq.) Nielsen 81 Canarium littorale Bl. 82 Pimeleodendron papaveroides J.J.S. 83 Shorea sp. 84 Dipterocarpus humeratus Sloot. 85 Sindora beccariana Back. 86 Nephelium uncinatum Radlk. ex Leenh. 87 Mesua cornata Stevens 88 Canarium littorale Bl. 89 Syzygium sp. 90 Shorea agami Ashton 91 Shorea beccariana Burck 92 Knema sp. 93 Shorea sp. 94 Shorea macroptera Dyer 95 Dead 96 Quercus subsericea A.Camus 97 Shorea maxwelliana King 98 Shorea beccariana Burck 99 Licania splendens (Korth.) Prance 100 Neesia malayana Bakh. 101 Shorea maxwelliana King 102 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 103 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 104 Calophyllum pulcherrimum Wall. 105 Dacryodes rugosa H.J.Lam 106 Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco 107 Pternandra galeata Ridl. 108 Dead 109 Hydnocarpus woodi Merr. 110 Syzygium sp. 111 Quercus subsericea A.Camus A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 71

Table 8. Continued Tree # Species 112 Moultonianthus leembruggianus (Boerl. & Koord.) Steenis 113 Diospyros sp. 114 Prunus spicata Kalkm. 115 Oncosperma horridum Scheff. 116 Dead 117 Aporusa falcifera Hk.f. 118 Myristica sp. 119 Canarium denticulatum H.J.Lam 120 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 121 Oncosperma horridum Scheff. 122 Shorea rubra Ashton 123 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 124 Shorea maxwelliana King 125 Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr. 126 Dead 127 Shorea beccariana Burck 128 Stemonurus grandifolius Becc. 129 Shorea rubra Ashton 130 Shorea maxwelliana King 131 Melanochyla pulvinervis (Bl.) Ding Hou 132 Dead 133 Shorea maxwelliana King 134 Shorea macroptera Dyer 135 Dead 136 Agathis borneensis Warb. 137 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 138 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 139 Lithocarpus lucidus (Roxb.) Rehd. 140 Dialium maingayi Backer 141 Shorea beccariana Burck 142 Elaeocarpus petiolatus Wall. 143 Knema sp. 144 Shorea maxwelliana King 145 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 146 Cinnamomum iners Reinw. 147 Dehaasia brachybotrys (Merr.) Kosterm. 148 Dipterocarpus humeratus Sloot. 72 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 8. Continued Tree # Species 149 Dacryodes incurvata (Engler) H.J.Lam 150 Shorea maxwelliana King 151 Gymnacranthera contracta Warb. 152 Dead 153 Gymnacranthera contracta Warb. 154 Gymnacranthera contracta Warb. 155 Syzygium sp. 156 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 157 Koompassia malaccensis Maing. ex Benth. 158 Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr. 159 Dillenia grandifolia Wall. ex Hk.f. 160 Shorea maxwelliana King 161 Shorea rubra Ashton 162 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 163 Shorea rubra Ashton 164 Hydnocarpus woodii Merr. 165 Madhuca sp. 166 Quercus sp. 167 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 168 Shorea maxwelliana King 169 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 170 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 171 Pouteria malaccensis (Clarke) Baeh. 172 Knema glauca (Bl.) Warb. 173 Shorea agami Ashton 174 Shorea seminis (de Vriese) Slooten 175 Cryptocarya tomentosa Bl. 176 Prunus spicata Kalkm. 177 Madhuca sericea H.J. Lam 178 Shorea agami Ashton 179 Oncosperma horridum Scheff. 180 Palaquium obtusifolium Burck. 181 Dead 182 Syzygium splendens (Bl.) Merr. & Perry 183 Tetramerista glabra Miq. 184 Neesia malayana Bakh. 185 Pouteria malaccensis (Clarke) Baeh. A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 73

Table 8. Continued Tree # Species 186 Tetramerista glabra Miq. 187 Kokoona ochracea Merr. 188 Shorea paucifl ora King 189 Syzygium splendens (Bl.) Merr. & Perry 190 Santiria tomentosa Bl. 191 Shorea beccariana Burck 192 Hydnocarpus sp. 193 Disoxylum sp. 194 Lithocarpus lucidus (Roxb.) Rehd. 195 Mangifera swintonioides Ashton 196 Lithocarpus ewyckii Rehd. 197 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 198 Shorea beccariana Burck 199 Helicia petiolaris Benn. 200 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 201 Shorea beccariana Burck 202 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 203 Horsfi eldia sp. 204 Shorea rubra Ashton 205 Shorea maxwelliana King 206 Shorea agami Ashton 207 Syzygium bankensis (Hassk,) Merr. & Perry 208 Dead 209 Dyera costulata (Miq.) Hk.f. 210 Dead 211 Shorea beccariana Burck 212 Horsfi eldia sp. 213 Dead 214 Dead 215 Horsfi eldia sp. 216 Diospyros everetii Merr. 217 Unidentifi ed 218 Shorea rubra Ashton 219 Dead 220 Vatica umbonata (Hook.f.) Burk 221 Shorea rubra Ashton 222 Dead 74 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 8. Continued Tree # Species 223 Shorea maxwelliana King 224 Madhuca malaccensis (Clarke) H.J.Lam 225 Sindora leiocarpa Backer 226 Shorea rubra Ashton 227 Shorea artinervosa Sym. 228 Shorea artinervosa Sym. 229 Glochidion 230 Dead 231 Shorea rubra Ashton 232 Shorea venulosa Wood. ex Meijer 233 Koompassia malaccensis Maing. ex Benth. 234 Santiria sp. 235 Shorea artinervosa Sym. 236 Dacryodes rogosa H.J.Lam 237 Horsfi eldia sp. 238 Hydnocarpus woodii Merr. 239 Shorea maxwelliana King 240 Xanthophyllum 241 Artocarpus dadah Miq. 242 Shorea maxwelliana King 243 Vatica umbonata (Hook.f.) Burk. 244 Artocarpus anysophyllus Miq. 245 Semecarpus longifolia Bl. 246 Durio lanceolatus Mast. 247 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 248 Canarium litorale Bl. 249 Shorea beccariana Burck 250 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 251 Memecylon myrsinoides Bl. 252 Shorea maxwelliana King 253 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 254 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 255 Dead 256 Shorea maxwelliana King 257 Dead 258 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 259 Calophyllum pulcherrimum Wall. A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 75

Table 8. Continued Tree # Species 260 Horsfi eldia sp. 261 Gymnacranthera contracta Warb. 262 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 263 Prunus sp. 264 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 265 Mezzetia parvifl ora Becc. 266 Lithocarpus sp. 267 Lithocarpus lucidus (Roxb.) Rehd. 268 Syzygium clavifl oraWall. 269 Santiria oblongifolia Bl. 270 Melanochyla beccariana Oliv. 271 Shorea macroptera Dyer 272 Myristica sp. 273 Lithocarpus sp. 274 Shorea rubra Ashton 275 Licania splendens (Korth.) Prance 276 Dead 277 Dead 278 Hydnocarpus woodii Merr. 279 Shorea beccariana Burck 280 Hydnocarpus woodii Merr. 281 Lithocarpus sp. 282 Ternstroemia aneura Miq. 283 Mezzetia parvifl ora Becc. 284 Tetramerista glabra Miq 285 Knema cinerea (Poir.) Warb. 286 Unidentifi ed 287 Prunus spicata Kalkm. 288 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 289 Knema sp. 290 Palaquium calophyllum Pierre ex Burck 291 Tetramerista glabra Miq. 292 Shorea macroptera Dyer 293 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 294 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 295 Shorea macroptera Dyer 296 Dipterocarpus lowii Hook.f. 76 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 8. Continued Tree # Species 297 Lithocarpus sp. 298 Tetramerista glabra Miq. 299 Nephelium maingayi Hiern. 300 Tetramerista glabra Miq. 301 Shorea macroptera Dyer 302 Unidentifi ed A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 77 Flacourtiaceae Lauraceae Linaceae Meliaceae Myristicaceae Myrtaceae Polygalaceae Proteaceae Rosaceae Rubiaceae Sapotaceae Sterculiaceae Theaceae Thymelaeaceae Ulmaceae Anacardiaceae Annonaceae Apocynaceae Araucariaceae Arecaceae Bombacaceae Burseraceae Clusiaceae Dilleniaceae Dipterocarpaceae Euphorbiacea Fabaceae Fagaceae

CNV09 FAMILY

100 80 60 40 20 0 100 100 311 59 179 312 181 190 178 310 309 57 56 177 62 306 60 189 187 192 307 184 305 303 180 308 188 51 171 66 193 304 54 302 191 172 170 52 50 195 63 196 53 203 80 80 198 68 202 294 199 297 69 204 293 291 200 197 295 296 71 70 67 49 292 43 201 290 44 205 47 73 45 211 48 46 207 42 289 76 210 75 208 77 78 212 60 60 41 152 286 285 215 79 149 147 284 37 214 40 39 146 38 283 221 32 226 80 282 222 33 144 227 85 34 158 84 35 40 40 31 234 139 140 87 90 92 236 98 280 91 279 276 30 274 99 94 137 237 93 275 135 25 26 100 24 273 22 239 271 23 95 241 270 238 20 20 257 104 16 256 255 128 127 242 122 11 123 269 Distribution of Trees in Plot CNV09 258 126 7 2 3 13 107 125 6 113 246 109 105 5 262 260 129 106 266 247 108 114 265 112 110 111 4 1

264 251

0 0

100 80 60 40 20 0 Figure 13. 78 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 9. List of Trees in Plot CNV09 Tree # Species 1 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 2 Shorea maxwelliana King 3 Shorea rubra Ashton 4 Dipterocarpus stellatus Vesque 5 Xanthophyllum parvum Chod. 6 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 7 Dipterocarpus stellatus Vesque 8 Dipterocarpus stellatus Vesque 9 Dehaasia sp. 10 Dead 11 Helicia petiolaris Benn. 12 Agathis borneensis Warb. 13 Shorea rubra Ashton 14 Dipterocarpus stellatus Vesque 15 Shorea maxwelliana King 16 Shorea rubra Ashton 17 Syzygium bankense (Hassk.) Merr.& Perry 18 Syzygium bankense (Hassk.) Merr.& Perry 19 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 20 Syzygium bankense (Hassk.) Merr.& Perry 21 Agathis borneensis Warb. 22 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 23 Palaquium rostratum (Miq.) Burck. 24 Shorea beccariana Burck. 25 Vatica umbonata (Hook.f.) Burck. 26 Shorea maxwelliana King 27 Baccaurea racemosa M.A. 28 Syzygium bankense (Hassk.) Merr.& Perry 29 Dipterocarpus stellatus Vesque 30 Shorea beccariana Burck. 31 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 32 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 33 Palaquium callophyllum (T.& B.) Pierre 34 Shorea venulosa Wood. ex Meijer 35 Syzygium sp. 36 Cleistanthus sumatranus M.A. 37 Koompassia malaccensis Maing. ex Benth A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 79

Table 9. Continued Tree # Species 38 Syzygium sp. 39 Shorea venulosa Wood. ex Meijer 40 Gonystylus forbesii Gilg. 41 Koompassia malaccensis Maing. ex Benth 42 Shorea rubra Ashton 43 Shorea maxwelliana King 44 Madhuca erythrophylla (K.ex G.) H.J.Lam 45 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 46 Durio lanceolatus Mast. 47 Gymnacranthera paniculata Warb. 48 Knema intermedia (Bl.) Warb. 49 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 50 Dacryodes incurvata (Engler) H.J.Lam 51 Shorea macroptera Dyer 52 Agathis borneensis Warb. 53 Shorea beccariana Burck. 54 Dipterocarpus stellatus Vesque 55 Horsfi eldia sp. 56 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 57 Hydnocarpus kunstleri (King) Warb. 58 Atuna excelca (Benth.) Kosterm 59 Dehaasia polyneura (Miq.) Kosterm 60 Dillenia grandifolia Wall. ex. Hk.f. 61 Santiria laevigata Bl. 62 Dacryodes rugosa (Bl.) H.J.Lam 63 Dipterocarpus stellatus Vesque 64 Madhuca malacensis (Clarke) H.J.Lam 65 Syzygium bankense (Hassk.) Merr.& Perry 66 Spatholobus sp. 67 Gymnacranthera paniculata Warb. 68 Artocarpus integer (Thumb.) Merr. 69 Xanthophyllum amoenum Chod. 70 Koompassia malaccensis Maing. ex Benth 71 Garcinia parvifolia Miq. 72 Horsfi eldia sp. 73 Shorea macroptera Dyer 74 Cleistanthes myrianthus Krz. 80 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 9. Continued Tree # Species 75 Horsfi eldia glabra (Bl.) Warb, 76 Shorea beccariana Burck. 77 Palaquium rostratum (Miq.) Burck 78 Shorea venulosa Wood ex Meijer 79 Syzygium sp. 80 Agathis borneensis Warb. 81 Dead 82 Gonystylus forbesii Gilg. 83 Calophyllum pulcherrimum Wall. 84 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 85 Cleistanthus myrianthus Krz. 86 Agathis borneensis Warb. 87 Dipterocarpus stellatus Vesque 88 Agathis borneensis Warb. 89 Horsfi eldia sp. 90 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 91 Vatica umbonata (Hook.f.) Burck. 92 Sindora leiocarpa Backer 93 Vatica umbonata (Hook.f.) Burck. 94 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 95 Shorea macroptera Dyer 96 Dead 97 Agathis borneensis Warb. 98 Vatica umbonata (Hook.f.) Burck. 99 Hydnocarpus woodii Merr. 100 Dipterocarpus stellatus Vesque 101 Xanthophyllum 102 Dipterocarpus stellatus Vesque 103 Unidentifi ed 104 Horsfi eldia glabra (Bl.) Warb. 105 Gymnacranthera paniculata Warb. 106 Neonauclea excelsa (Bl.) Merr. 107 Shorea maxwelliana King 108 Madhuca oblongifolia Merr. 109 Dipterocarpus lowii Hk.f. 110 Shorea macroptera Dyer 111 Helicia petiolaris Benn. A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 81

Table 9. Continued Tree # Species 112 Syzygium bankense (Hassk.) Merr. & Perry 113 Santiria griffi thii (Hk.f.) Engl. 114 Vatica umbonata (Hook.f.) Burck. 115 Barringtonia scortechinii King 116 Mangifera magnifi ca Kochumen 117 Shorea maxwelliana King 118 Horsfi eldia sp. 119 Dipterocarpus stellatus Vesque 120 Podocarpus neriifolius D.Don 121 Agathis borneensis Warb. 122 Scaphium macropodum (Miq.) Beumee ex Heyne 123 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 124 Lithocarpus urceolaris (Jack) Merr. 125 Parastemon urophyllus A.DC. 126 Licania splendens (Korth.) Prance 127 Shorea beccariana Burck. 128 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 129 Parastemon urophyllus A.DC. 130 Palaquium cochlearifolium van Royen 131 Dead 132 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 133 Shorea maxwelliana King 134 Shorea maxwelliana King 135 Swintonia glauca Engl. 136 Agathis borneensis Warb. 137 Shorea maxwelliana King 138 Scaphium macropodum (Miq.) Beumee ex Heyne 139 Santiria griffi thii (Hk.f.) Engl. 140 Hydnocarpus kunstleri (King) Warb 141 Vatica umbonata (Hook.f.) Burck. 142 Agathis borneensis Warb. 143 Madhuca erythrophylla (K.ex G.) H.J.Lam 144 Calophyllum pulcherrimum Wall. 145 Syzygium bankense (Hassk.) Merr. & Perry 146 Mangifera magnifi ca Kochumen 147 Shorea maxwelliana King 148 Shorea rubra Ashton 82 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 9. Continued Tree # Species 149 Shorea venulosa Wood ex Meijer 150 Dead 151 Memecylon oleaefolium Bl. 152 Koompassia malaccensis Maing. ex Benth 153 Horsfi eldia sp. 154 Melanochyla beccariana Oliv. 155 Aglaia griffi thii Kurz. 156 Dead 157 Hydnocarpus kunstleri (King) Warb 158 Melanochyla beccariana Oliv. 159 Carallia brachyata (Lour.) Merr. 160 Sindora leiocarpa Backer. 161 Syzygium tawahense (Korth.) Merr. & Perry 162 Podocarpus neriifolius D.Don 163 Shorea agami Ashton 164 Syzygium tawahense (Korth.) Merr. & Perry 165 Shorea beccariana Burck. 166 Dead 167 Dacryodes rugosa (Bl.) H.J.Lam 168 Baccaurea kunstleri King 169 Palaquium cochlearifolium van Royen 170 Durio carinatus Mast. 171 Dillenia grandifolia Wall. ex Hk.f. 172 Litsea nidularis Gamble 173 Shorea beccariana Burck. 174 Syzygium tawahense (Korth.) Merr. & Perry 175 Artocarpus integer (Thumb.) Merr. 176 Dead 177 Shorea rubra Ashton 178 Santiria griffi thii (Hk.f.) Engl. 179 Castanopsis ?argentea A.DC 180 Dipterocarpus stellatus Vesque 181 Baccaurea sumatrana M.A. 182 Shorea agami Ashton 183 Ternstroemia aneura Miq. 184 Mezzetia parvifolia Becc. 185 Dead A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 83

Table 9. Continued Tree # Species 186 Dipterocarpus stellatus Vesque 187 Syzygium sp. 188 Dipterocarpus stellatus Vesque 189 Parastemon urophyllus A.DC. 190 Myristica beccarii Warb. 191 Swintonia glauca Engl. 192 Lithocarpus sp. 193 Canarium litorale Bl. 194 Dead 195 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 196 Santiria griffi thii (Hk.f.) Engl. 197 Shorea venulosa Wood ex Meijer 198 Palaquium cochlearifolium van Royen 199 Gymnacranthera contracta Warb. 200 Dacryodes incurvata (Engler) H.J.Lam 201 Ternstroemia aneura Miq. 202 Hydnocarpus kunstleri (King) Warb 203 Agathis borneensis Warb. 204 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 205 Hydnocarpus woodii Merr. 206 Prunus arborea (Bl.) Kalkm. 207 Shorea macroptera Dyer 208 Agathis borneensis Warb. 209 Dead 210 Scaphium macropodum (Miq.) Beumée ex Heyne 211 Madhuca malaccensis (Clarke) H.J.Lam 212 Prunus arborea (Bl.) Kalkm. 213 Horsfi eldia sp. 214 Hydnocarpus kunstleri (King) Warb 215 Hydnocarpus kunstleri (King) Warb 216 Dehaasia incrassata (Jack.)Kosterm. 217 Shorea maxwelliana King 218 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 219 Litsea fi rma Bl. 220 Unidentifi ed 221 Koompassia malaccensis Maing. ex Benth 222 Dipterocarpus lowii Hk.f. 84 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 9. Continued Tree # Species 223 Dipterocarpus stellatus Vesque 224 Dipterocarpus stellatus Vesque 225 Hydnocarpus kunstleri (King) Warb 226 Shorea paucifl ora King 227 Madhuca oblongifolia Merr. 228 Madhuca malacensis (Clarke)H.J.Lam 229 Shorea macroptera Dyer 230 Agathis borneensis Warb. 231 Sindora leiocarpa Backer 232 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 233 Shorea macroptera Dyer 234 Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco 235 Endiandra coriacea Merr. 236 Parastemon urophyllus A.DC. 237 Ixonanthes petiolaris Bl. 238 Oncosperma horridum Scheff. 239 Dehaasia fi rma Bl. 240 Diospyros laevigata Bakh. 241 Shorea rubra Ashton 242 Shorea beccariana Burck. 243 Agathis borneensis Warb. 244 Agathis borneensis Warb. 245 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 246 Dipterocarpus stellatus Vesque 247 Shorea maxwelliana King 248 Syzygium 249 Agathis borneensis Warb. 250 Agathis borneensis Warb. 251 Agathis borneensis Warb. 252 Agathis borneensis Warb. 253 Calophyllum pulcherrimum Wall. 254 Agathis borneensis Warb. 255 Dacryodes rostrata H.J.Lam 256 Dipterocarpus stellatus Vesque 257 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 258 Shorea maxwelliana King 259 Dead A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 85

Table 9. Continued Tree # Species 260 Dipterocarpus stellatus Vesque 261 Callophylum venulosum Miq. 262 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 263 Dead 264 Gymnacranthera contracta Warb. 265 Santiria laevigata Bl. 266 Dipterocarpus stellatus Vesque 267 Pimeleodendron papaveroides J.J.S. 268 Agathis borneensis Warb. 269 Celtis sp. 270 Oncosperma horridum Scheff. 271 Ctenolophon parvifolius Oliv. 272 Dead 273 Melanochila elmeri Merr. 274 Garcinia maingayi Hook.f. 275 Horsfi eldia glabra (Bl.) Warb. 276 Alstonia spathulata Blume 277 Eugeissona utilis Becc 278 Madhuca oblongifolia Merr. 279 Gymnacranthera paniculata Warb. 280 Madhuca borneensis van Royen 281 Dead 282 Shorea macroptera Dyer 283 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 284 Adinandra borneensis Kobuski 285 Garcinia celebica L. 286 Pimeleodendron papaveroides J.J.S. 287 Calophyllum venulosum Miq. 288 Shorea maxwelliana King 289 Dipterocarpus stellatus Vesque 290 Shorea maxwelliana King 291 Scaphium macropodum (Miq.) Beumée ex Heyne 292 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 293 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 294 Dipterocarpus stellatus Vesque 295 Palaquium calophyllum (T. & B.) Pierre 296 Dipterocarpus stellatus Vesque 86 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 9. Continued Tree # Species 297 Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr. 298 Shorea maxwelliana King 299 Baccaurea angulata Merr. 300 Shorea maxwelliana King 301 Gymnacranthera contracta Warb. 302 Agathis borneensis Warb. 303 Palaquium calophyllum (T. & B.) Pierre 304 Callophyllum venulosum Miq. 305 Syzygium bankense (Hassk.) Merr. & Perry. 306 Calophyllum pulcherrimum Wall. 307 Durio lanceolatus Mast. 308 Palaquium gutta (Hook.f.) Bail. 309 Swintonia glauca Engl. 310 Swintonia glauca Engl. 311 Hydnocarpus kunstleri (King) Warb 312 Lithocarpus urceolaris (Jack) Merr. A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 87

Table 10. List of Trees in Plot CNV10 Tree # Species 1 Artocarpus anisophyllus Miq. 2 Microcos cinnamomifolia Burr. 3 Buchanania arborescens (Bl.) Bl. 4 Dillenia grandifolia Wall. ex. Hk.f. 5 Artocarpus anisophyllus Miq. 6 Mezzetia parvifl ora Miq. 7 Girroniera subaequalis Planch. 8 Koordersiodendron pinnatum (Blanco) Merr. 9 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 10 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 11 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 12 Gluta wallichii Ding Hou 13 Agathis borneensis Warb. 14 Palaquium obtusifolium Burck 15 Koompassia malaccensis Maing. ex Benth. 16 Atuna excelsa (Jack) Kosterm. 17 Dead 18 Tetramerista glabra Miq. 19 Koordersiodendron pinnatum (Blanco) Merr. 20 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 21 Licania splendens (Korth.) Prance 22 Shorea macroptera Dyer 23 Lithocarpus urceolaris (Jack) Merr. 24 Palaquium hexandrum Engl. 25 Syzygium sp. 26 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 27 Shorea maxwelliana King 28 Shorea macroptera Dyer 29 Hydnocarpus kunstleri (Kirng) Warb. 30 Baccaurea sumatrana M.A. 31 Shorea maxwelliana King 32 Baccaurea edulis Merr. 33 Agathis borneensis Warb. 34 Helicia fuscotomentosa Suesseng 35 Shorea beccariana Burck 36 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 37 Hydnocarpus kunstleri (Kirng) Warb. 88 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 10. Continued Tree # Species 38 Dead 39 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 40 Gymnacranthera contracta Warb. 41 Gymnacranthera contracta Warb. 42 Dead 43 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 44 Melanochyla beccariana Oliv. 45 Dead 46 Calophyllum lowii Hook.f. 47 Myristica sp. 48 Palaquium cochlearifolium van Royen 49 Gluta wallichii Ding Hou 50 Syzygium bankense (Hassk.) Merr. & Perry 51 Shorea maxwelliana King 52 Mangifera swintonioides Kosterm. 53 Shorea maxwelliana King 54 Erycibe impressa Hoogl. 55 Shorea maxwelliana King 56 Agathis borneensis Warb. 57 Pimeleodendron papaveroides J.J.S. 58 Lithocarpus sundaicus Rehd. 59 Gymnacranthera contracta Warb. 60 Agathis borneensis Warb. 61 Syzygium operculata (Roxb.) Nied. 62 Xanthophyllum vitellinum (Bl.) D.Dietr. 63 Durio lanceolatus Mast. 64 Dillenia grandifolia Wall. ex Hk.f. 65 Palaquium calophyllum Pierre ex Burck 66 Artocarpus anysophyllus Miq. 67 Bhesa paniculata Arn. 68 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 69 Dialium sp. 70 Madhuca magnifi caH.J. Lam 71 Palaquium cochlearifolium van Royen 72 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 73 Shorea maxwelliana King 74 Shorea beccariana Burck A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 89

Table 10. Continued Tree # Species 75 Unidentifi ed 76 Shorea beccariana Burck 77 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 78 Shorea beccariana Burck 79 Lithocarpus sp. 80 Shorea maxwelliana King 81 Xanthophyllum sp. 82 Shorea maxwelliana King 83 Shorea sp. 84 Memecylon myrsinoides Blume 85 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 86 Swintonia glauca Engl. 87 Garcinia macroptera Dyer 88 Litsea sp. 89 Shorea macroptera Dyer 90 Myristica sp. 91 Calophyllum venulosum Miq. 92 Shorea maxwelliana King 93 Santiria griffi thii (Hk.f.) Engl. 94 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 95 Shorea beccariana Burck 96 Garcinia dioica Bl. 97 Shorea maxwelliana King 98 Shorea sp. 99 Buchanania sessilifolia Bl. 100 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 101 Unidentifi ed 102 Palaquium cochlearifolium van Royen 103 Scaphium macropodum (Miq.) Beumee ex Heyne 104 Shorea macroptera Dyer 105 Erycibe impressa Hoogl. 106 Agathis borneensis Warb. 107 Scaphium macropodum (Miq.) Beumee ex Heyne 108 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 109 Syzygium bankense (Hassk.) Merr. & Perry 110 Shorea maxwelliana King 111 Shorea pinanga Scheff. 90 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 10. Continued Tree # Species 112 Nephelium maingayi Hiern. 113 Terminalia sp. 114 Shorea macroptera Dyer 115 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 116 Dead 117 Xylopia malayana Hook. f. Th. 118 Garcinia dioica Bl. 119 Myristica beccarii Warb. 120 Gymnacranthera contracta Warb. 121 Anisoptera sp. 122 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 123 Licania splendens (Korth.) Prance 124 Shorea sp. 125 Gymnacranthera contracta Warb. 126 Terminalia sp. 127 Shorea sp. 128 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 129 Dead 130 Dead 131 Shorea maxwelliana King 132 Shorea maxwelliana King 133 Dead 134 Ixonanthes petiolaris Bl. 135 Aporusa antennifera (Airy Shaw) Airy Shaw 136 Palaquium cochlearifolium van Royen 137 Shorea venulosa Wood ex Meijer 138 Gluta wallichii Ding Hou 139 Garcinia dioica Bl. 140 Garcinia macrophylla Miq. 141 Licania splendens (Korth.) Prance 142 Shorea maxwelliana King 143 Gluta wallichii Ding Hou 144 Helicia fuscotomentosa Suesseng 145 Knema latericia Elmer 146 Shorea maxwelliana King 147 Palaquium cochlearifolium van Royen 148 Myristica sp. A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 91

Table 10. Continued Tree # Species 149 Calophyllum pulcherrimum Wall. 150 Shorea maxwelliana King 151 Garcinia dioica Bl. 152 Shorea maxwelliana King 153 Palaquium cochlearifolium van Royen 154 Sarcotheca diversifolia (Miq.) Hall.f. 155 Palaquium cochlearifolium van Royen 156 Pternandra rostrata (Cogn.) Ohwi 157 Shorea beccariana Burck 158 Dead 159 Lithocarpus cantleyanus (King ex Hk.f.) Rehd. 160 Santiria laevigata Bl. f. laevigata 161 Palaquium quercifolium Burck 162 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 163 Agathis borneensis Warb. 164 Calophyllum lowii Hook.f. 165 Dead 166 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 167 Lithocarpus sp. 168 Shorea venulosa Wood ex Meijer 169 Shorea beccariana Burck 170 Eugeissonia utilis Becc. 171 Dead 172 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 173 Lithocarpus sp. 174 Girroniera subaequalis Planch. 175 Stemonurus grandifolius Becc. 176 Palaquium sp. 177 Shorea beccariana Burck 178 Lithocarpus sp. 179 Tetramerista glabra Miq. 180 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 181 Hydnocarpus kunstleri (King) Warb. 182 Knema furfuracea (Hk.f. ex Th.) Warb. 183 Dacryodes sp. 184 Shorea seminis (de Vriese) Slooten 185 Hydnocarpus gracilis (v. Sl.) Sleum 92 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 10. Continued Tree # Species 186 Dead 187 Macaranga conifera (Zoll.) M.A. 188 Erythroxylon sp. 189 Syzygium sp. 190 Eugeissonia utilis Becc. 191 Pternandra rostrata (Cogn.) Ohwi 192 Lithocarpus sp. 193 Dead 194 Eugeissonia utilis Becc. 195 Lithocarpus sp. 196 Mallotus tiliaefolia M.A. 197 Adinandra borneensis Kobuski 198 Koompassia malaccensis Maing. ex Benth. 199 Unidentifi ed 200 Helicia petiolaris Benn. 201 Gymnacranthera contracta Warb. 202 Dead 203 Dead 204 Hydnocarpus woodii Merr. 205 Calophyllum lowii Hook.f. 206 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 207 Arthocarpus anisophyllus Miq. 208 Shorea sp. 209 Palaquium cochlearifolium van Royen 210 Shorea beccariana Burck 211 Ctenolophon parvifolius Oliv. 212 Durio lanceolatus Mast. 213 Shorea beccariana Burck 214 Shorea agami Ashton 215 Lithocarpus ewyckii Rehd. 216 Shorea maxwelliana King 217 Myristica sp. 218 Dead 219 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 220 Dipterocarpus lowii Hk.f. 221 Syzygium bankense (Hassk.) Merr. & Perry 222 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 93

Table 10. Continued Tree # Species 223 Drypetes kikir Airy Shaw 224 Helicia petiolaris Benn. 225 Lithocarpus sp. 226 Lithocarpus sp. 227 Palaquium cochlearifolium van Royen 228 Gymnacranthera contracta Warb. 229 Shorea maxwelliana King 230 Gymnacranthera contracta Warb. 231 Gymnacranthera contracta Warb. 232 Koordersiodendron pinnatum (Blanco) Merr. 233 Gymnacranthera contracta Warb. 234 Shorea maxwelliana King 235 Dead 236 Scaphium macropodum (Miq.) Beumee ex Heyne 237 Palaquium cochlearifolium van Royen 238 Shorea maxwelliana King 239 Palaquium cochlearifolium van Royen 240 Shorea maxwelliana King 241 Gymnacranthera contracta Warb. 242 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 243 Erycibe impressa Hoogl. 244 Hopea bracteata Burck. 245 Dipterocarpus lowii Hk.f. 246 Agathis borneensis Warb. 247 Dead 248 Lithocarpus ewyckii Rehd. 249 Atuna excelsa (Jack) Kosterm. 250 Dead 251 Shorea venulosa Wood ex Meijer 252 Palaqium quercifolium Burk. 253 Shorea macroptera Dyer 254 Gymnacranthera contracta Warb. 255 Litsea fi rma Hk. f 256 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 257 Syzygium sp. 258 Baccaurea sumatrana M.A. 259 Shorea venulosa Wood ex Meijer 94 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 10. Continued Tree # Species 260 Litsea fi rma Hk. f 261 Dead 262 Gymnacranthera contracta Warb. 263 Shorea macroptera Dyer 264 Prunus spicata Kalkm. 265 Helicia petiolaris Benn. 266 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 267 Neonauclea calycina (Bart.) Merr. 268 Shorea parvifl ora Dyer 269 Sarcotheca diversifolia (Miq.) Hall.f. 270 Scaphium macropodum (Miq.) Beumée ex Heyne 271 Gluta walichii (Hk.f. Ding Hou 272 Shorea maxwelliana King 273 Dipterocarpus lowii Hk.f. 274 Hopea bracteata Burk. 275 Dipterocarpus lowii Hk.f. 276 Agathis borneensis Warb. 277 Lophopetalum beccarianum Pierre 278 Shorea maxwelliana King 279 Hydnocarpus kunstleri (King) Warb. 280 Hydnocarpus kunstleri (King) Warb. 281 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 282 Knema glauca (Bl.) Warb. 283 Dipterocarpus lowii Hk.f. 284 Hydnocarpus kunstleri (King) Warb. 285 Cryptocarya crassinervia Miq. 286 Shorea maxwelliana King 287 Shorea maxwelliana King 288 Shorea rubra Ashton 289 Shorea macroptera Dyer 290 Syzygium bankense (Hassk.) Merr. & Perry 291 Myristica sp. 292 Xanthophyllum sp. 293 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 294 Shorea maxwelliana King 295 Palaquium leiocarpum Boerl. 296 Shorea parvifolia Dyer A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 95

Table 10. Continued Tree # Species 297 Pternandra rostrata (Cogn.) Ohwi 298 Gymnacranthera contracta Warb. 299 Lithocarpus sericobalanus E.F. Warb. 300 Lithocarpus sp. 301 Shorea sp. 302 Unidentifi ed 303 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 304 Lithocarpus pulcher (King) Markgr. 305 Alseodaphne havilandii (Gamble) Kosterm. 96 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots Lauraceae Linaceae Melastomataceae Meliaceae Myristicaceae Myrtaceae Oxalidaceae Polygalaceae Rhizophoraceae Rosaceae Sapindaceae Sapotaceae Sterculiaceae Theaceae Ulmaceae Anacardiaceae Apocynaceae Araucariaceae Arecaceae Bombacaceae Burseraceae Celastraceae Clusiaceae Dipterocarpaceae Elaeocarpaceae Euphorbiacea Fabaceae Fagaceae Flacourtiaceae

CNV11 FAMILY

100 80 60 40 20 0 100 100 201 203 79 200 75 199 81 70 295 290 77 291 74 76 205 202 198 80 72 69 294 293 93 87 204 197 92 91 82 68 195 292 90 89 67 88 194 207 206 108 285 80 80 193 63 64 286 284 60 107 209 59 208 287 62 106 57 56 55 96 58 210 283 289 288 186 188 54 211 187 61 185 51 53 190 189 102 52 97 50 280 281 98 101 49 99 100 60 60 278 114 181 109 182 44 223 115 279 116 180 277 178 213 183 177 273 179 39 184 40 38 117 41 176 121 175 214 37 122 172 173 224 36 120 35 220 215 167 222 170 123 217 226 225 168 124 216 40 40 131 229 169 271 232 265 272 227 30 165 125 235 270 233 28 31 268 230 166 126 234 164 132 130 269 237 129 27 267 32 26 236 24 238 127 133 266 34 134 239 242 23 18 19 160 163 22 17 128 240 263 15 262 162 14 136 20 13 264 16 159 12 20 20 144 254 157 243 143 261 11 260 253 257 141 145 251 155 154 Distribution of Trees in Plot CNV11 139 138 10 252 245 140 3 2 146 4 156 247 255 8 158 248 6 152 151 250 9 246 150 149 249

0 0

100 80 60 40 20 0 Figure 14. A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 97

Table 11. List of Trees in Plot CNV11 Tree # Species 1 Dead 2 Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Bl. 3 Drypetes kikir Airy Shaw 4 Shorea fallax Meijer 5 Dead 6 Nephelium maingayi Hiern. 7 Eugeissona utilis Becc 8 Scaphium macropodum (Miq.) Beumée ex Heyne 9 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 10 Palaquium calophyllum Pierre ex Burck 11 Durio lanceolatus Mast. 12 Melanochyla beccariana Oliv 13 Shorea rubra Ashton 14 Gymnacranthera contracta Warb. 15 Quercus subsericea A. Camus 16 Canarium sp. 17 Lithocarpus sundaicus Rehd. 18 Vatica umbonata (Hook.f.) Burck. 19 Santiria griffi thii (Hk.f.) Engl. 20 Koompassia malaccensis Maing.. ex Benth. 21 Tetramerista glabra Miq. 22 Shorea macroptera Dyer 23 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 24 Lophopetalum subobovatum King 25 Dead 26 Shorea macroptera Dyer 27 Licania splendens (Korth.) Prance 28 Shorea rubra Ashton 29 Drypetes kikir Airy Shaw 30 Shorea maxwelliana King 31 Koompassia malaccensis Maing.. ex Benth. 32 Termstroemia coriacea Scheff. 33 Dead 34 Knema sp. 35 Shorea rubra Ashton 36 Swintonia glauca Engl. 37 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 98 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 11. Continued Tree # Species 38 Garcinia nervosa Miq. 39 Hydnocarpus sp. 40 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 41 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 42 Swintonia glauca Engl. 43 Dead 44 Shorea rubra Ashton 45 Eugenia fastigiata Miq. 46 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 47 Santiria laevigata Bl. 48 Santiria oblongifolia Bl. 49 Memecylon myrsinoides Blume 50 Scaphium macropodum (Miq.) Beumée ex Heyne 51 Melanochyla cf. becariana Oliv 52 Syzygium tawahense (Korth.) Merr. & Perry 53 Shorea macroptera Dyer 54 Hydnocarpus kunstleri (King) Warb. 55 Lithocarpus sp. 56 Madhuca malaccensis (Clarke) H.J. Lam 57 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 58 Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr. 59 Eugeissona utilis Becc 60 Eugeissona utilis Becc 61 Shorea maxwelliana King 62 Shorea maxwelliana King 63 Santiria griffi thii (Hk.f.) Engl. 64 Shorea agami Ashton 65 Shorea maxwelliana King 66 Syzygium sp. 67 Durio lanceolatus Mast. 68 Syzygium sp. 69 Shorea rubra Ashton 70 Dipterocarpus lowii Hk.f. 71 Diospyros functiculosa Bakh. 72 Litsea nidularis Gamble 73 Lophopetalum beccarianum Pierre 74 Shorea maxwelliana King A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 99

Table 11. Continued Tree # Species 75 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 76 Syzygium sp. 77 Shorea sp. 78 Agathis borneensis Warb. 79 Garcinia macrophylla Miq. 80 Shorea sp. 81 Memecylon myrsinoides Blume 82 Shorea sp. 83 Dead 84 Dead 85 Calophyllum sp. 86 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 87 Dipterocarpus lowii Hk.f. 88 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 89 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 90 Vatica umbonata (Hook.f.) Burck. 91 Quercus subsericea A. Camus 92 Agathis borneensis Warb. 93 Shorea maxwelliana King 94 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 95 Dead 96 Baccaurea simatrana M.A. 97 Shorea sp. 98 Shorea maxwelliana King 99 Santiria griffi thii (Hk.f.) Engl. 100 Shorea maxwelliana King 101 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 102 Shorea venulosa Wood ex Meijer 103 Dead 104 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 105 Shorea venulosa Wood ex Meijer 106 Lithocarpus sp. 107 Dipterocarpus lowii Hk.f. 108 Palaquium cochlearifolium van Royen 109 Shorea sp. 110 Agathis borneensis Warb. 111 Shorea sp. 100 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 11. Continued Tree # Species 112 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 113 Dead 114 Shorea sp. 115 Palaquium cochlearifolium van Royen 116 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 117 Calophyllum sp. 118 Dead 119 Dead 120 Shorea sp. 121 Shorea venulosa Wood ex Meijer 122 Shorea sp. 123 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 124 Xanthophyllum sp. 125 Anisoptera sp. 126 Xanthophyllum sp. 127 Shorea sp. 128 Vatica umbonata (Hook.f.) Burck. 129 Swintonia glauca Engl. 130 Syzygium sp. 131 Swintonia glauca Engl. 132 Palaquium cochleariifolium van Royen 133 Dialium trifoliatum de Wit. 134 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 135 Dead 136 Gymnacranthera contracta Warb. 137 Dead 138 Shorea sp. 139 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 140 Dacryodes rugosa H.J.Lam. 141 Durio sp. 142 Dead 143 Shorea exelliptica Meijer 144 Knema cinerea (Poir.) Warb. 145 Shorea macroptera Dyer 146 Memecylon myrsinoides Blme 147 Dead 148 Durio oxleyanus Griff. A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 101

Table 11. Continued Tree # Species 149 Shorea venulosa Wood ex Meijer 150 Syzygium sp. 151 Dipterocarpus stellatus Vasque 152 Shorea sp. 153 Unidentifi ed 154 Syzygium sp. 155 Artocarpus odoratissima Blanco 156 Ptychopyxis bacciformis Croiz. 157 Ptychopyxis bacciformis Croiz. 158 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 159 Pternandra rostrata (Cogn.) Ohwi 160 Rhodamnia cinerea Jack. 161 Dead 162 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 163 Shorea macroptera Dyer 164 Hydnocarpus woodi Merr. 165 Ptychopyxis bacciformis Croiz. 166 Calophyllum lowii Hook.f. 167 Sarcotheca diversifolia (Miq.) Hall .f. 168 Swintonia glauca Engl. 169 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 170 Gymnacranthera contracta Warb. 171 Dead 172 Shorea sp. 173 Syzygium sp. 174 Dead 175 Syzygium sp. 176 Agathis borneensis Warb. 177 Agathis borneensis Warb. 178 Shorea beccariana Burck. 179 Lophopetalum beccarianum Pierre 180 Shorea sp. 181 Syzygium bankense (Hassk.) Merr. & Perry 182 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 183 Ixonanthes petiolaris Bl. 184 Artocarpus anisophyllus \Miq. 185 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 102 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 11. Continued Tree # Species 186 Dyera costulata (Miq.) Hk.f. 187 Melanochyla beccariana Oliv. 188 Syzygium sp. 189 Dipterocarpus lowii Hk.f. 190 Swintonia glauca Engl. 191 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 192 Dacryodes rostrata H.J.Lam forma pubescens 193 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 194 Drypetes kikir Airy Shaw 195 Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Bl. 196 Mangifera swintonioides Kosterm. 197 Palaquium eriocalyx H.J.Lam 198 Shorea sp. 199 Shorea sp. 200 Shorea sp. 201 Shorea maxwelliana King 202 Dipterocarpus lowii Hk.f. 203 Celtis philippensis Blanco 204 Santiria oblongifolia Bl. 205 Dipterocarpus humeratus Slooten 206 Madhuca oblongifolia Merr. 207 Calophyllum venullosum Zoll. 208 Syzygium splendens (Bl.) Merr. & Perry 209 Quercus sp. 210 Tetramerista glabra Miq. 211 Knema furfuracea (Hk.f. ex Th.) Warb. 212 Dead 213 Lithocarpus sp. 214 Dialium platycepalum Backer 215 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 216 Shorea rubra Ashton 217 Madhuca erythrophylla H.J.Lam 218 Ptychopyxis bacciformis Croiz. 219 Dead 220 Shorea paucifl ora King 221 Dead 222 Knema cinerea (Poir.) Warb. A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 103

Table 11. Continued Tree # Species 223 Durio grandifl orus Kost. 224 Shorea maxwelliana King 225 Heritiera javanica (Bl.) Kosterm. 226 Semecarpus macrophylla Merr. 227 Garcinia nervosa Miq. 228 Dead 229 Gymnacranthera contracta Warb. 230 Shorea agamii Ashton 231 Hydnocarpus sp. 232 Vatica sp. 233 Quercus sp. 234 Koompassia malaccensis Maing. ex Benth. 235 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 236 Vatica umbonata (Hook.f.) Burck. 237 Cleistanthus bakonensis Airy Shaw 238 Hydnocarpus sp. 239 Canarium littorale Bl. 240 Nephelium maingayi Hiern 241 Syzygium confertum (Korth.) Merr. & Perry 242 Shorea parvifolius Dyer 243 Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Bl. 244 Unidentifi ed 245 Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Bl. 246 Calophyllum venulosum Zoll. 247 Phoebe laevis Kosterm. 248 Koompassia malaccensis Maing. ex Benth. 249 Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Bl. 250 Syzygium sp. 251 Dacryodes sp. 252 Ternstroemia aneura Miq. 253 Shorea paucifl ora King 254 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 255 Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Bl. 256 Dead 257 Tetramerista glabra Miq. 258 Pterocarpidia polyneura (Miq.) Brem. 259 Dead 104 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 11. Continued Tree # Species 260 Syzygium splendens (Bl.) Merr. & Perry 261 Adinandra dumosa Jack. 262 Vatica vinosa Ashton 263 Tetramerista glabra Miq. 264 Dysoxylum 265 Vatica vinosa Ashton 266 Lithocarpus sundaicus Rehd. 267 Hydnocarpus 268 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 269 Shorea paucifl ora King 270 Cinnamomum javanicum Bl. 271 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 272 Dacryodes sp. 273 Shorea macroptera Dyer 274 Pimeleodendron papaveroides J.J.S. 275 Unidentifi ed 276 Syzygium sp. 277 Nephelium uncinatum Leenh. 278 Vatica cf. granulata Slooten 279 Cleistanthes myrianthus Krz. 280 Macaranga pruinosa M.A. 281 Dacryodes rostrata H.J.Lam 282 Dead 283 Carallia brachyata (Lour.) Merr. 284 Pternandra rostrata (Cogn.) ohwi 285 Horsfi eldia sp. 286 Shorea ochracea Sym. 287 Pternandra rostrata (Cogn.) ohwi 288 Tetramerista glabra Miq. 289 Ternstroemia aneura Miq. 290 Knema laurina (Bl.) Warb. 291 Tetramerista glabra Miq. 292 Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Bl. 293 Oncosperma horridum Scheff. 294 Myristica villosa Warb. 295 Syzygium sp. A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 105 Icacinaceae Junglandaceae Lauraceae Lecythidaceae Linaceae Melastomataceae Meliaceae Myristicaceae Myrtaceae Ochnaceae Oxalidaceae Proteaceae Rosaceae Rubiaceae Sapindaceae Sapotaceae Sterculiaceae Tiliaceae Verbenaceae Anacardiaceae Annonaceae Apocynaceae Araucariaceae Arecaceae Bombacaceae Burseraceae Clusiaceae Crypteroniaceae Dilleniaceae Dipterocarpaceae Ebenaceae Elaeocarpaceae Euphorbiacea Fabaceae Fagaceae Flacourtiaceae

CNV12 FAMILY

100 80 60 40 20 0 100 100 289 51 48 193 188 186 187 297 298 291 192 52 195 47 288 49 54 53 190 46 292 50 184 55 56 191 200 185 45 296 295 44 181 183 57 199 61 196 59 60 62 43 294 182 58 202 198 201 42 80 80 69 180 63 34 203 36 215 41 213 179 214 286 287 205 70 37 65 204 68 66 285 67 33 35 212 38 175 278 178 206 216 174 73 39 207 80 176 208 32 78 75 79 280 277 71 74 173 283 77 28 217 29 282 72 211 281 171 25 279 209 81 26 27 31 30 163 60 60 219 276 83 21 284 225 274 218 170 162 161 85 172 165 275 164 86 22 95 220 169 87 273 93 222 224 166 89 272 221 223 160 23 88 20 159 94 168 156 229 24 167 96 91 267 158 271 17 19 268 155 97 154 157 90 228 269 227 153 99 98 40 40 265 151 230 150 100 266 233 102 231 101 234 152 147 103 104 109 236 149 15 13 145 146 232 105 16 235 14 12 11 142 238 237 106 9 10 263 143 107 8 262 239 20 20 108 111 112 6 261 141 131 115 241 140 240 260 139 251 113 130 114 7 242 110 5 252 249 4 135 250 Distribution of Trees in Plot CNV12 129 116 117 253 118 243 136 259 133 248 132 128 134 244 256 254 247 127 125 1 124 246 245 119 2 122 126 121 120 123

0 0

100 80 60 40 20 0 Figure 15. 106 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 12. List of Trees in Plot CNV12 Tree # Species 1 Dillenia grandifolia Wall. ex Hk.f. 2 Teijsmaniodendron simplicifolium Merr. 3 Litsea grandis (Wall. ex Nees) Hook.f. 4 Alseodaphne falcata (Bl.) Boerl. 5 Dacryodes rubiginosa H.J. Lam. 6 Syzygium sp. 7 Dillenia excelsa (Jack.) Gilg. 8 Syzygium sp. 9 Dialium trifoliatum de Wit 10 Shorea macroptera Dyer 11 Knema sp. 12 Oncosperma horridum 13 Oncosperma horridum 14 Canarium littorale Bl. 15 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 16 Koompasia malaccensis Maing ex Benth. 17 Lithocarpus blumeanus Rehd. 18 Lithocarpus blumeanus Rehd. 19 Crypteronia griffi thii Clarke 20 Knema glauca (Bl.) Warb. 21 Sarcotheca diversifolia (Miq.) Hall.f. 22 Xylopia caudata Hk.f. ex Th. 23 Gluta wallichii Ding Hou 24 Dipterocarpus stellatus Vesque 25 Gonocaryum impressinervium Sleum. 26 Dialium trifoliatum de Wit 27 Sindora coriacea Maingayi ex Prain 28 Hydnocarpus kunstleri King 29 Baccaurea kunstleri King 30 Lithocarpus blumeanus Rehd. 31 Gymnacranthera contracta Warb. 32 Madhuca malaccensis (Clarke) H.J.Lam 33 Swintonia glauca Engl. 34 Koompasia malaccensis Maing ex Benth. 35 Shorea beccariana Burk. 36 Knema glauca (Bl.) Warb. 37 Shorea maxwelliana King A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 107

Table 12. Continued Tree # Species 38 Syzygium chloranthum 39 Dialium trifoliatum de Wit 41 Dipterocarpus stellatus Vesque 42 Shorea maxwelliana King 43 Anisoptera costata Korth. 44 Elaeocarpus cf pedunculatus Wall. 45 Durio carinatus Mast. 46 Agathis borneensis Warb. 47 Syzygium fastigiata 48 Shorea macroptera Dyer 49 Palaquium calophyllum 50 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 51 Lithocarpus sp. 52 Knema cinerea (Poir) Warb. 53 Barringtonia scortechinii Kurz. 54 Knema cinerea (Poir) Warb. 55 Mangifera swintonioides Kosterm. 56 Shorea macroptera Dyer 57 Gymnacranthera contracta Warb. 58 Knema laurina (Bl.) Warb. 59 Dyera costulata (Miq.) Hk.f. 60 Shorea maxwelliana King 61 Helicia pescotomentosa Sueneus 62 Shorea macroptera Dyer 63 Shorea parvifolia Dyer ssp. Parvifolia 65 Shorea maxwelliana King 66 Shorea maxwelliana King 67 Vatica rassak (Korth.) Blume 68 Palaquium hexandrum 69 Shorea excelliptica Meijer 70 Knema intermedia 71 Shorea excelliptica Meijer 72 Shorea macroptera Dyer 73 Agathis borneensis Warb. 74 Dacryodes rubiginosa H.J.Lam 75 Lithocarpus blumeanus (Korth.) Rehd. 77 Diospyros sp. 108 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 12. Continued Tree # Species 78 Durio lanceolata Mast. 79 Dipterocarpus stellatus Vesque 80 Garcinia macrophylla Miq. 81 Shorea rubra 83 Shorea paucifl ora King 85 Platea sp. 86 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 87 Shorea excelliptica Meijer 88 Shorea maxwelliana King 89 Dipterocarpus stellatus Vesque 90 Hydnocarpus woodii Merr. 91 Shorea maxwelliana King 92 Aporosa falcifera Hk.f. 93 Shorea maxwelliana King 94 Shorea rubra 95 Gymnacranthera contracta Warb. 96 Palaquium rostratum (Miq.) Burck. 97 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 98 Hydnocarpus woodii Merr. 99 Anisoptera 100 Syzygium opaca 101 Shorea parvifolia Dyer ssp. Parvifolia 102 Hydnocarpus woodii Merr. 103 Oncosperma horidum 104 Timonius wallichianus 105 Payena acuminatissima 106 Sarcotheca diversifolia (Miq.) Hall.f. 107 Oncosperma horidum 108 Oncosperma horidum 109 Hydnocarpus woodii Merr. 110 Licania splendens (Korth.) Prance 111 Parashorea smythiesii Wyatt-Smith ex Ashton 112 Neonauclea excelsa (Bl.) Merr. 113 Durio 114 Knema laurina (Bl.) Warb. 115 Vatica sp. 116 Shorea parvifolia Dyer ssp. Parvifolia A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 109

Table 12. Continued Tree # Species 117 Diospyros sp. 118 Knema laurina (Bl.) Warb. 119 Ryparosa hulletii King 120 Parashorea smythiesii Wyatt-Smith ex Ashton 121 Knema cinerea (Poir.) Warb. 122 Hydnocarpus woodii Merr. 123 Pentace discolor Merr. 124 Teijsmaniodendron simplicifolium Merr. 125 Nephelium sp. 126 Moultonianthus leemburgianus 127 Oncosperma horidum 128 Lithocarpus sp. 129 Madhuca oblongifolia 130 Macaranga gigantea 131 Madhuca oblongifolia 132 Lithocarpus urceolatus 133 Aporosa sp. 134 Shorea maxwelliana King 135 Dipterocarpus stellatus Vesque 136 Shorea maxwelliana King 137 dead 138 dead 139 Hydnocarpus woodii Merr. 140 Paratocarpus venenosa Becc. 141 Shorea maxwelliana King 142 Shorea agamii Ashton 143 Ctenolophon parvifolius Oliv. 144 dead 145 Shorea rubra 146 Lithocarpus sp. 147 Shorea maxwelliana King 149 Koompasia malaccensis Maing ex Benth. 150 Dacryodes incurvata H.J.Lam. 151 Dipterocarpus stellatus Vesque 152 Dipterocarpus stellatus Vesque 153 Gardenia tubifera Wall. 154 Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Bl. 110 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 12. Continued Tree # Species 155 Palaquium rostratum (Miq.) Burck. 156 Shorea beccariana Burk. 157 Vatica umbonata (Hook.f.) Burk. 158 Shorea macroptera Dyer 159 Melanochyla beccariana Oliv. 160 Dipterocarpus stellatus Vesque 161 Agathis boneensis Warb. 162 Shorea macroptera Dyer 163 Agathis boneensis Warb. 164 Shorea macroptera Dyer 165 Gymnacranthera contracta Warb. 166 Agathis boneensis Warb. 167 Gymnacranthera contracta Warb. 168 Shorea macroptera Dyer 169 Sarcotheca diversifolia (Miq.) Hall.f. 170 Shorea beccariana Burk. 171 Sarcotheca diversifolia (Miq.) Hall.f. 172 Baccaurea sumatrana M.A. 173 Knema glauca (Bl.) Warb. 174 Herritiera javanica (Bl.) Kosterm 175 Calophyllum lowii Hook.f. 176 Baccaurea sumatrana M.A. 178 Prunus spicata Kalkm 179 Pternandra rostrata (Cogn.) Ohwi 180 Payena endertii H.J.Lam. 181 Drypetes kikir Airy Shaw 182 Shorea parvifolia Dyer 183 Parkia sp. 184 Gymnacranthera contracta Warb. 185 Elateriospermum tapos Bl. 186 Hydnocarpus kunstlerii (King) Warb. 187 Dialium trifoliatum de Wit 188 Knema cinerea (Poir.) Warb. 189 Castanopsis javanica (Bl.) A.Dc. 190 Elateriospermum tapos Bl. 191 Shorea agamii Ashton 192 Shorea parvifolia Dyer ssp. Parvifolia A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 111

Table 12. Continued Tree # Species 193 Shorea macroptera Dyer 195 Artocarpus anisophyllus Miq. 196 Artocarpus anisophyllus Miq. 197 Diospyros sp. 198 Cephalomappa lepidotula Airy Shaw 199 Knema cinerea (Poir.) Warb. 200 Artocarpus anisophyllus Miq. 201 Englhardia serrata Bl. 202 Shorea parvifolia Dyer ssp. Parvifolia 203 Syzygium tawahense 204 Artocarpus integra (Thunb.) Merr. 205 Artocarpus anisophyllus Miq. 206 Knema cinerea (Poir.) Warb. 207 Shorea sp. 208 Licania splendens (Korth.) Prance 209 Litsea nidularis Gamble 211 Cleistanthus myrianthus Krz. 212 Dyera costulata (Miq.) Hk.f. 213 Polyanthia glauca Boerl. 214 Artocarpus anisophyllus Miq. 215 Shorea rubra 216 Palquium sumatranum Burck. 217 Shorea beccariana Burk. 218 Syzygium sp. 219 Knema conferta (King.) Warb. 220 Knema conferta (King.) Warb. 221 Sarcotheca diversifolia (Miq.) Hall.f. 222 Syzygium perpuncticulatum 223 Syzygium perpuncticulatum 224 Sarcotheca diversifolia (Miq.) Hall.f. 225 Agathis boneensis Warb. 227 Oncosperma horridum 228 Pterocymbium tubulatum (Most.) Pierre 229 Mangifera swintonioides Kosterm. 230 Pimeleodendron papaveroides J.J.S. 231 Lithocarpus blumeanus (Korth.) Rehd. 232 Lithocarpus blumeanus (Korth.) Rehd. 112 • A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots

Table 12. Continued Tree # Species 233 Sindora beccariana Back. 234 Teijsmaniodendron simplicifolium Merr. 235 Shorea leprosula Miq. 236 Ctenolophon parvifolius Oliv. 237 Palaqium gutta (Hook.f.) Baill. 238 Garcinia gaudichaudii 239 Shorea beccariana Burk. 240 Garcinia macrophylla Miq. 241 Shorea maxwelliana Miq. 242 Shorea parvifolia Dyer. 243 Diospyros sp. 244 Gluta wallichii (Hk.f.) Ding Hou 245 Licania splendens (Korth.) Prance 246 Baccaurea 247 Palaquium rostratum 248 Helicia pescotomentosa Sueneus 249 Madhuca sp. 250 Garcinia dioica Bl. 251 Shorea parvifolia Dyer. 252 Licania splendens (Korth.) Prance 253 Calophyllum pulcherrianum Wall. ex Choisy 254 Hydnocarpus kunstleri (King.) Warb. 256 Syzygium opaca 259 Santiria tomentosa 260 Parinari sp. 261 Sagera elliptica (DC.) Hk.f. ex Th. 262 Syzygium sp. 263 Alstonia soathulata Blume 264 Elateriospermum tapos Bl. 265 Elateriospermum tapos Bl. 266 Calophyllum cf. soulatri Burm.f. 267 Garcinia nervosa Miq. 268 Dehaasia fi rmaBl. 269 Koompasia malaccensis Maing ex Benth. 271 Parishia maingayi Hk.f. 272 Gymnacranthera paniculata Warb. 273 Anisoptera A Field Guide to the Permanent Sample Plots • 113

Table 12. Continued Tree # Species 274 Vatica rassak (Korth.) Blume 275 Syzygium endertii 276 Dacryodes rostrata H.J.Lam. 277 Baccaurea edulis Merr. 278 Lithocarpus sp. 279 Mallotus echinatus 280 Hydnocarpus woodii Merr. 281 Dacryodes rostrata H.J.Lam. 282 Madhuca corthalsii (Pierre) H.J.Lam 283 Mangifera swintonioides Kosterm. 284 Baccaurea edulis Merr. 285 Brackenridgea palustris Bartell. 286 Baccaurea motleyana M.A. 287 Cleistanthus myrianthus Krz. 288 Knema laurina (Bl.) Warb. 289 Garcinia dioica Bl. 291 Vatica rassak (Korth.) Blume 292 Artocarpus anisophyllus Miq. 293 Pentace laxifl ora 294 Sterculia rubiginosa Vent. 295 Dyera costulata (Miq.) Hk.f. 296 Licania splendens (Korth.) Prance 297 Shorea pinanga Scheff. 298 Calophyllum pulcherrimum Wall. ex Choisy

The Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) is a leading international forestry research organization established in 1993 in response to global concerns about the social, environmental, and economic consequences of forest loss and degradation. CIFOR is dedicated to developing policies and technologies for sustainable use and management of forests, and for enhancing the well-being of people in developing countries who rely on tropical forests for their livelihoods. CIFOR is one of the 15 Future Harvest centres of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). With headquarters in Bogor, Indonesia, CIFOR has regional offi ces in Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cameroon and Zimbabwe, and it works in over 30 other countries around the world.

Donors The Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) receives its major funding from governments, international development organizations, private foundations and regional organizations. In 2005, CIFOR received fi nancial support from Australia, Asian Development Bank (ADB), Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), Cordaid, Conservation International Foundation (CIF), European Commission, Finland, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Ford Foundation, France, German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ), German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), Indonesia, International Development Research Centre (IDRC), International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO), Israel, Italy, The World Conservation Union (IUCN), Japan, Korea, Netherlands, Norway, Netherlands Development Organization, Overseas Development Institute (ODI), Peruvian Secretariat for International Cooperation (RSCI), Philippines, Spain, Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Switzerland, Swiss Agency for the Environment, Forests and Landscape, The Overbrook Foundation, The Nature Conservancy (TNC), Tropical Forest Foundation, Tropenbos International, United States, United Kingdom, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), World Bank, World Resources Institute (WRI) and World Wildlife Fund (WWF). The CIFOR Permanent Sample Plots (PSP) were established in 1998 in conjunction with the Phase I of the ITTO Project dealing with sustainable forest management, integrated land use, reduced-impact logging, biodiversity in the production forest, and cultural and social aspects of logging. In terms of technical perspectives, PSP are an important tool to monitor forest dynamics and changes, long term growth and yield and to provide critical data for evaluation of ecological models. For silvicultural purposes PSP supply data on diameter and volume increment as well as stand structure dynamics.

In particular, the PSP in the Malinau Research Forest provides a valuable insight into the diversity of trees found there and the growth of the forest. This guidebook has been designed to facilitate the growing interests and needs of visitors to the Malinau Research Forest (MRF).

PATEN MAL KABU INAU

I N TI M U N G