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Studies in Environment--Volume II: Quality of Life

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Studies in Environment--Volume II: Quality of Life ZOCUNENT RISHER a ,ED =153- 796 SE 022 954 _AUTHOR Hornkack, Kenneth E.; Aid CtheIs Studies in Envizonment--VclumeII: Quality of r- Life. INSTITUTION- Environmental Protecticr Agercy, Washingtcn, D.C. Office of Research and Levelcpwent. MORI= -NO EPA-600/5-73-012b .;BUREAU NO 1HA098 -PUB =DATE .Nov 73 _GRANT EPA-801473 1412 119p.; For related* docusents,see SE 023 553-957; Table 1 - pages 32-34 -- ccspariscn cf Q0I Factor Lists - removed due tc sargiza1 legibility; Contains occasional light type AV1IIIELE FROM Superintendent of Dccumenti, .5. Gcvernment Printing Office, Uashington, r.c. 204C2(S1.85) . - B DRS -PRICE MF-$0.83, HC-$6.01 Plus Postage. 'aESCRIPTORS Community Characteristics; -nment; Health;' *Physical Env: :onment; *Quality =cf mite_;_ *Research; *Socioeconomic Influences; *Iechnical Reperts;, *UrbAn Envircnment ABSTRACT ThIS,ie_Porti_nvestigates the -ctrcept -cf the Quality of Idfei ncly and -presentS a-develolmeatal- =sethtdcicgy-fct tonttruCting==a-teasurement scheme tc- assess the-COL_._ A= trief synopsis i-s of the research= that has teer Atre-in this _area-to-date InClud-ing==vaiioUS $4=nide-lines and taticnale Used= in= at%aMpting; =t& t _develOp-a =Meaningful sccial Indidatct fct_ =the -ccit and the _current _state of-the-katt and iresearch-dcnternirs_attetpts tc-adeguatall define and assess QCI. An-operational Aefiniticz =cf a==Q0I Index-and- =discussicn cf termincl-cgy is ;presented:4 ?-herea=fte=r the report discusses the fiunctionar-relationslip tetween otjectIve and= S UIjective_,conditicns used- as a ttecretical= frames/Cr-lc At_ =measure 42pi. and _develop a-Q0L_ Inder. Q0I factor's ale =presented- encompasSinT -Etondmic, 11111.51c4I ard, =Natural Eifirironmental Sectors-._ :Each_ of these lactoz -di_lided, into subfactciS,a'n& encoMpaSSes such= things as inctme-aStrIl-uticn-c family4- electoral =participation, housing, and_ air. Objective measures, =where theY:exISt, are g=iven= for -each= _s_UtfActoX=. -although_ they-azd merely_ -exampieS and= ty =nc -zit-ears an exlatstive The =report closes with a-diSonSsidn-of analytical_dimensions of -VG1, Il)dex and the Totentima -uses and -misuses =of -.such- atIndex. ( :Author/Ea): *************************************4444****************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can te made * * from the original dccumert. , * *********************************************** ********************** Secideconomic = Environmental Studies Series Bernard Lukco ti PrSEARCY Research reports ut i!esear,l, and Tk_velopment, EnvironrIVntal Protection Agency, Lave been grolved i-Ity five series. -.Mese five ieroad categories were established to facilitate furc!-,er development and appli- cation of environmental technology. Elimination of traditional g-ouping was consciously planned to foster technology transfer and a maximuminter- face in related fields. - five series are: Environmental health iffe,its Fesearch .2. Environmental Protection f,-*:-1,7.1cgy 3. Ecologi7'al Pesearch 4. Environmental !ion'toring 3. Socioeconomic Environmental This report has been assigned to 1,-c:OECeNOMIC ENVDONMENTAL STUDIES series. This series includes resea. .'r, on environmental management,compre- ensive plannint: and forecasting and analysis methodologies. Included are tools for determining varying impacts of alternative policies,analyses of environmental planning techniqt:es at the regional, state and localleveLs, and approaches to measuring environmental-quality perceptions. such ipics as urban form, indz-strial mix, growth policies,control and organizational stricture are discussed in terms of optimal environmentalperformance. Lese interdisciplinary and systems analyses are presented in forms arying from quantitative rela- ticral analyses to management andpolicy- oriented reports. rVA IF% Ne:I e _rt reviewed Iv tile '11-fice of Yes arcL and Development, EPA, and apprc,vk:d fyr pabkiLation. Approval ,foes not signify that the contents necessarily reelect the views anipolicies of the Environmental Protection µ4f-n,:7;', nor does 7nention of trade na7.es or.-er-rerciai products constitute tIcimet-it or recor.r_en-lariri-1 for use. EPA-600/5,-73-012b November 1973 STUDIES IN ENVIRONMENT Volume II Quality of Life by Kennet?'E. Hornback Joel Guttman Harold L. Himmelstein Ann Rappaport Roy Reyna Grant No -801473- Program -Element 1HA098e Project Officers Samuel Ratick John- Gerba Environmental 'Studies Division WashingtonEnvironmental Research Centel Prepared for Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington, D.C. 20460 For gale by the SuperIntkndent of Documents,U.S, GovernmentPrinting Washington, D.C.2:402 - Prim 11.85 4 ABSTRACT This report investigates the concept of theQuality of Life (QOL)- and presents a developmental methodology forconstructing a meaaurement scheme to assessthe QOL.Introductory sections give a brief synopsis of the research thathas been done in this area =to date including various gdidelinesand rationale used in attempting to develop a meaningfulsocial indicator for the QOL, and the current state-of-the-art andthe research concerning attempts to adequately define and assessQuality of Life. An operational definition- of a QOL indexand- discussion- of -terminology is- next presented-.-Lastly the inti xluctory -material lists tbose- areas_ Of concern -which-'were notincluded= -as _part -of the- overall strategyin developing and analyzing the _proposed measurement scheme-. Thereafter the report discusSes the functionalrelationship between_ objective and _subjective conditionsused_ as a_ theo_ etical framework to= measure =QOL -and-deVelop-_a=VUality- -Life- Index.A rationale for the -statistical treatment-ctn.. ployed-: for the= Various- _parameters_ is= -setforth= -stresaing- =the - importande :of the- relationship =between- -whatactually -exists and group perteption =of it. -=Q0L factors are _presented' -encoinpassings=Econofnic:,_ 'Socialt -POliticatirs-iHealth _,_ Physical _an& 'Natural=Environmental -Sectors,. E ach -of theSe faCtor lists is dividedint6==subfactora :and' -eridompaases_ -auch- things- -as incOme-distribution, fa:ni =ly,_ -electoral -participation-, =nutrifis, ithousing_,,and Fair.=42,, jectiVe- =measurea,_ -where -they_- -exxst, are-giVen-for -each -sub factor,i -although- they -are -merely-exaMpleSand- by no--means- -an- exhaustikre listing_. The- =report -closes- vith_ a- diacussion -ofanalytical diMensiOns of:Quality of Life Index -(Q0LI) and the-_pOtential :uses -and' misuses of --such= -an= Index_. ii CONTENTS Page Abstract ii Contents iii Figures iv Acknowledgments Sections 444 I Introduction 1 Social Indicators* and the QOL: State-rof-the-rArt _III Research on the QOL 12- , IV QOL: An,Operatiorma- Definition 15 .._ - V The Functional Relationship 2r VI Quality of Life lFaÔts 29 VII Analytical Dimensions 67_ VIII Policy Implications 81 IX Appendides 92 40, FIGURES No. Page 1 Comparison of QOL Factor List 32 4 2 Quality ofLifeFactors 34 -----f) iv ) ACIT-LEPGEMMTS PIOJECIwearxeriT for Eniironnental Protection Agency: Samuel Raticic, Physical Scientist, ESD, Fellows Cotmselor ,John-Gerba, Chief,Special Projects, ESD, "Report Prtiduction for Horner Hoyt Institute: / Maury Seldin, President f4National BureauofStandards: iLynnG.-Llewellyn, Research Psychologist, TAD I 11(1 R IENT INSTrILYTE John Kokus, Jr., Deputy Director John Hananaker,Research Director IraBechoefer,Sr. Research & AA-id/Astra `ye Assistant I NATIONAL Pli1RFAU CF SMIZARDS Marilyn tkstfall, Operations Research Analyst, TAD' Gail Hare, Research Psychologist, TAD Donald` Corrigan, Legislative Research Anal ENVIICUMENTALPFDIE TICK= AGI1CY Stanley M. Greenfield, Assistant Administrator for Research and Development Leland Attaway, Deputy Assistant Paninistrator for Research PeterHouse, Director, Environmental Studies Division AlbertLivingston, Research Analyst, ESD Alan Neuschatz,Chief,=Environnental Management Research Branch, ESD Philip D. Patterson, Assistant to theDireCtor,ESD Albert Pixies, Operations Research Analyst, ESD Martin Redding, Chief, Comprehensive = Environmental Planning Branch, ESD SECTION I INTRODUCTION I .A The Problem At -no- other time in American history has _the _average person _had= -the -advantage of such a vast --range Ofalternative activities -both in- work and play.-Moreover, there is ample free time- and wealth_ to allow -the- majority -of, people -the opportunity to realize their-individual -goalt:_However, segments of the American populace expresses-generalrestless- ness and discontentment.The problem is -explicitly ,-stated_ -by Campbell and ConVerse:"Discontentment -With- objective conditions has appeared: to be increasing over-'exactly the same =period that those conditions -have at most -points and -by_ ---almost all criteria- 'been- iiiiproving, a- discrepand-y -w.ith- _portentoUs -social and- politicalittPlidati-ons-.-_"1=-Writers- of the popular press_ diagnose various aspects of -the problema-ST-- `future =shOdk"2- -or _retarded- "conscioushess_ levels.."- _Daniel _=has offered an_=explanatiOn= for _dira_satisfa&- -tioni =with- improve& =objective- -conditions., "It is this aspect of isodial change.-= which=gives rise- -to a =rathercurious=-discrepanby-of perdeption-.- -The national -outpUt =will =d6Uble, -or individuals= -Will find= that their =own- incOteS- taVe -dobble& -OVer -a perio& -of timer yet there-,wiri =be- =domplaintS= that -people are not living, vice -as= =Well as before._The -entry -of =more and-More7Thadvantaged =persons=into- the= =sOciety as -olaim,ants= for
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