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MIGRACIÓN INTERNACIONAL EN CENTROAMÉRICA Mapeo Regional De Flujos, Legislación, Políticas Públicas, Organismos, Organizaciones E Investigaciones

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MIGRACIÓN INTERNACIONAL EN CENTROAMÉRICA Mapeo Regional De Flujos, Legislación, Políticas Públicas, Organismos, Organizaciones E Investigaciones MIGRACIÓN INTERNACIONAL EN CENTROAMÉRICA Mapeo regional de flujos, legislación, políticas públicas, organismos, organizaciones e investigaciones Universidad Centroamericana de Managua (UCA) Servicio Jesuita para Migrantes de Centroamérica (SJM) Managua, marzo 2009 Coordinación General: José Luis Rocha Gómez Coordinador de las investigaciones Servicio Jesuita para Migrantes de Centroamérica Heydi José González Briones Coordinador de Cabildeo Servicio Jesuita para Migrantes MIGRACIÓN INTERNACIONAL EN CENTROAMÉRICA .................................................................... 1 INDICE DE CUADROS .................................................................................................................................. 8 AGRADECIMIENTOS ................................................................................................................................... 9 PRÓLOGOS ....................................................................................................................................................10 RICARDO FALLA, S.J. ............................................................................................................................................................................. 10 INTRODUCCION ...........................................................................................................................................14 I CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LOS FLUJOS MIGRATORIOS EN PAÍSES CENTROAMERICANOS ...........................................................................................................................................................................24 1. LAS MIGRACIONES INTRARREGIONALES .............................................................................................................................................. 24 Cuadro 1: Migraciones intrarregionales en Centroamérica ............................................................. 24 Cuadro 2: Centroamericanos asegurados (detenidos) en México de enero - diciembre 2001- 2007 ........................................................................................................................................................ 26 Cuadro 3: Centroamericanos devueltos de México 2001 – 1º s 2007. ........................................... 27 Cuadro 4: Centroamericanos aprehendidos por autoridades migratorias de los Estados Unidos 1998-2006 ....................................................................................................................................... 27 2. TENDENCIAS MIGRATORIAS POR PAÍS................................................................................................................................................. 28 2.1. Guatemala .................................................................................................................................28 2.1.1 Migraciones internas...................................................................................................................................................... 28 2.1.2 Migraciones transfronterizas .......................................................................................................................................... 29 Cuadro 5: Tipos de migrantes transfronterizos Guatemala-México ................................................ 30 Comerciantes .................................................................................................................................. 30 2.1.3. Migraciones internacionales ......................................................................................................................................... 31 Migrantes en tránsito .................................................................................................................................................................. 31 2.1.5. País de destino migratorio ............................................................................................................................................. 33 2.2. El Salvador ................................................................................................................................34 2.2.1. Migraciones internas...................................................................................................................................................... 34 Cuadro 6: Sector agropecuario y la generación de empleo en El Salvador 1978-2002 .................. 35 2.2.2. Migraciones internacionales ............................................................................................................................................. 35 2.2.3. País de destino migratorio ................................................................................................................................................ 36 2.2.4. Remesas y economía ...................................................................................................................................................... 36 Cuadro 7: Algunos indicadores de la economía salvadoreña (en millones de dólares) .................. 38 2.3. Honduras ..................................................................................................................................39 2.3.1. Migraciones internas...................................................................................................................................................... 40 2.3.2. Migraciones internacionales .......................................................................................................................................... 41 Cuadro 8 Ingreso de hondureños deportados vía terrestre (2003 -2007) ...................................... 44 Cuadro 9 Deportados de Estados Unidos (Año 1992 - 2007). ....................................................... 44 Cuadro 10 Centroamericanos en España con certificado o tarjeta de residencia en vigor según régimen de residencia (Ambos sexos) 31/03/2008 ......................................................................... 45 2.3.3. Migrantes en Honduras ................................................................................................................................................. 45 Cuadro 11: Extranjeros deportados por nacionalidad entre enero y julio de 2004 ......................... 46 Cuadro 12: Migrantes centroamericanos viviendo en Honduras entre 1998-2001 (según género) 47 2.3.4. Remesas y Economía ....................................................................................................................................................... 47 Cuadro 13: Porcentaje de las Remesas respecto al PIB y Balanza Comercial de Honduras ......... 48 2.4. Nicaragua ..................................................................................................................................48 2.4.1. Migraciones internas...................................................................................................................................................... 48 Cuadro 14: Peso poblacional de Managua (1950-2001) ................................................................. 49 Cuadro 15 Distribución Porcentual de la población por área de residencia censo 1950 a 2005. .... 50 2.4.2. Migraciones internacionales .......................................................................................................................................... 51 Cuadro16 Distribución relativa de los hogares según presencia de emigrantes por sexo del jefe y zona de residencia. 2004 ................................................................................................................ 53 2.4.3. Nicaragua: tránsito para migrantes extra regionales ........................................................................................................ 54 2.4.4. Remesas y economía ....................................................................................................................................................... 55 Cuadro 17 Porcentaje de las Remesas en relación al PIB y la Balanza Comercia de Nicaragua. .. 55 Cuadro 18. Distribución relativa de los hogares según recepción de remesas por sexo del jefe y presencia de emigrantes. 2004 ....................................................................................................... 57 2.5. Costa Rica .................................................................................................................................57 2.5.1. País de destino migratorio ............................................................................................................................................. 57 Cuadro 19: Nacimientos por nacionalidad de la madre en Costa Rica 2001-2002 ......................... 58 Cuadro 20: Comparativo de centroamericanos/as residentes en Costa Rica entre 1984-2000 (según genero) ................................................................................................................................ 58 2.5.2. La migración nicaragüense en Costa Rica .................................................................................................................... 60 2.5.3. La población refugiada .................................................................................................................................................. 63 Cuadro 21: Población Refugiada en Costa Rica ............................................................................. 64 2.5.4. Migrantes costarricenses en Estados Unidos ...............................................................................................................
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