Last Updated on 20Th October 2015 A. INSECTICIDES APPROVED by the REGISTRATION COMMITTEE to CONTROL HOUSEHOLD PESTS in HOUSES UNDER the INSECTICIDES ACT, 1968 S.No

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Last Updated on 20Th October 2015 A. INSECTICIDES APPROVED by the REGISTRATION COMMITTEE to CONTROL HOUSEHOLD PESTS in HOUSES UNDER the INSECTICIDES ACT, 1968 S.No Last updated on 20th October 2015 A. INSECTICIDES APPROVED BY THE REGISTRATION COMMITTEE TO CONTROL HOUSEHOLD PESTS IN HOUSES UNDER THE INSECTICIDES ACT, 1968 S.No. Name of the Pesticide Formulation 1. Allethrin 0.2% Coil, 0.5% Coil, 4% Mat, 3.6% Liquid Vaporizer, 0.5% Aerosol 2. Alphacypermethrin 0.5% chalk, 0.1% RTU, 5% WP 3. Beta Cyfluthrin 2.45% SC 4. Bifenthrin 0.05% Mosquito Coil 5. Cyfluthrin 5% EW, 10% WP 6. Cyfluthrin 0.025% + Transfluthrin 0.04% Aerosol water based Aerosol 7. Cypermethrin 3% Smoke generator, 1% chalk, 0.1% Aqueous 8. Cypermethrin 0.11% + Pyrethrin 0.2% Aerosol Aerosol 9. Cyphenothrin 5% EC 10. Cyphenothrin 0.3% + d-allethrin 0.2% Aerosol Aerosol 11. Deltamethrin 0.5% chalk, 1.25% ULV, 2.5% Flow, 0.5% tablet bait, 1% RTU 12. Deltamethrin 0.02% + Allethrin 0.13% Aerosol 13. Deltamethrin 0.05% + Allethrin 0.04% LV 14. Deltamethrin 2.5% + Allethrin 2.0% (to be used only by pest control operators, Liquid Concentrate Government establishments, Government agencies for large scale disinfections) 15. Diazinon 25% Micro Encapsulation 16. Diazinon 0.5% + Pyrethrum 0.1% Spray 17. Diflubenzuron 2% GR, 2% Tablet, 25% WP 18. d-trans allethrin 2% Mat, 0.1% Coil 19. Fenitrothion 2% Spray, 20% OL 20. Fenthion 2% Spray 21. Fipronil 0.05% Gel 22. Forchlorfenuzon (CPPU) 0.1% Liquid 23. Imidacloprid 2.15% Gel 24. Imiprothrin 0.1% + Cyphenothrin 0.13% Aerosol 25. Lambda cyhalothrin 10% WP, 0.5% Chalk, 2.43% CS (Impregnated Bed Nets for vector control) 26. Lindane 0.05% + Pyrethrin 0.05% Spray 27. Malathion 2% Spray, 5% Spray 28. Malathion 1% + Pyrethrum 0.05% Spray 29. Metofluthrin 0.005% M.coil (6 Hrs.) 30. Permethrin 5% SG 31. Pirimiphosmethyl 1% Spray 32. Prallethrin 0.05% Coil, 0.04% Coil, 0.5% Mat, 0.8% Mat, 1% red Mat, 1.2% Mat, 1.6% liquid Vaporizer, 0.8% Liquid Vaporizer, 19% VP, 2.4% LV 33. Propetamphos 1% Spray 34. Propoxur 20% EC, 1% Spray, 2% Aerosol, 2% Bait 35. Propoxur 0.5% + Cyfluthrin 0.025% Spray 36. Propoxur 0.75% + Cyfluthrin 0.025% Aerosol 37. Propoxur 1% + Cyfluthrin 0.025% Aerosol 38. Pyrethrin 0.02% + Lindane 0.02% + Piperonyl butoxide 0.5% Spray 39. Pyrethrin 0.02% + Lindane 0.5% + Piperonyl butoxide 0.02% Spray 40. Pyrethrin 0.02% + Malathion 0.05% + Piperonyl butoxide 0.5% Aerosol 41. Pyrethrin 0.05% + Malathion 1% 42. Pyrethrin 0.05% + Piperonyl butoxide 0.50% Spray 43. Pyrethrum 0.2% Aerosol 44. S-Bioallethrin 2.4% Mat 45. Transfluthrin 0.88% Liquid, 20% MV Gel(30 days mat tray), 1.6% LV, 1.2 % LV B. INSECTICIDES APPROVED BY THE REGISTRATION COMMITTEE FOR PROTECTING BUILDINGS FROM TERMITES S.No. Insecticide Dosage 1. Bifenthrin 2.5% EC 20 ml in 1 liter water 2. Chlorpyriphos 50% EC , 20% EC 50 ml in 5 liter water 3. Ethion 50% EC 50 ml in 5 liter water 4. Imidacloprid 30.50% SC 10.5 ml in 5 liter water C. INSECTICIDES APPROVED BY THE REGISTRATION COMMITTEE TO CONTROL TERMITES IN AGRICULTURAL CROPS UNDER THE INSECTICIDES ACT, 1968 Sl.No. Insecticide Formulation 1 Chlorpyriphos 20 EC 2. Endosulfan 35 EC, 4% DP 3. Imidacloprid 17.8% SL 4. Clothianidin 50% WDG D. INSECTICIDES APPROVED BY THE REGISTRATION COMMITTEE FOR THE CONTROL OF STORED GRAIN PESTS UNDER THE INSECTICIDES ACT, 1968 S.No. Insecticide Formulation 1. *Aluminium Phosphide 56% m/m 2. *Aluminium Phosphide 15% Tablet, 6% Tablet 3. Alluminium Phosphide 77.5% GR. 4. Deltamethrin 2.5% WP 5. *Methyl Bromide Technical Technical 6. Methyl Bromide 98% + Chloropicrin 2% w/w Fumigant 7. Ethylene dichloride + Carbon Tetrachloride (3:1) (*To be used by Govt. approved agencies under expert supervision only) E. INSECTICIDES AND THEIR FORMULATIONS APPROVED BY THE REGISTRATION COMMITTEE FOR RODENT CONTROL IN FIELD AND HOUSE/GODOWN UNDER THE INSECTICIDES ACT, 1968 Sl. Insecticide Formulation No. 1. Bromadiolone 0.005% RB, 0.25%CB 2. Coumatetralyl 0.0375% Bait 3. Warfarin 0.5% (HH),0.025%w/w 4. Zinc Phosphide Technical, 2%RB 5. Barium carbonate 10-20% Tech. mixed with bait F. BIOPESTICIDES APPROVED FOR MOSQUITO CONTROL UNDER PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAMME. Sl. Name of bio pesticide Habitat Mosquito Dosage No. and formulation species and stage 1. Bacillus Thuringiensis Paddy fields, Ponds, Anopheles 10 lit in 500 ltr var. Israelensis Pools larvae water/ha Serotype H-14 (AS) Drains, Cesspits, Culex larvae 5 lit in 500 ltr Casuarina pits, Disused water/ha wells Tree holes, Disused Aedes larvae 10 lit in 500 ltr tyres water/ha 2. Bacillus Thuringiensis Clean water, Cement Anopheles larvae 1-2 lit/ha var. Israelensis tanks Serotype H-14 12 AS Polluted water, Culex larvae 2-4 lit/ha Cesspits, Cement tanks, Stagnant and flowing drains 3. Bacillus Sphaericus Drains, Cesspits, Anopheles and 112 lit in 1120 lit 1593 M serotype H-5a Cesspools, Paddy Culex larvae water/ha 5b 1.3 FC fields, Ponds Cesuarian pits, Unused Anopheles and 112 lit in 1120 ltr wells, Unused Culex larvae water/ha overhead tanks, Domestic wells (not for drinking purpose) 4. Bacillus Thuringiensis Water surface of any Anopheles and 0.5 g/m2 var. Israelensis strain habitat Culex larvae 164, Serotype H-14 (WP) 5. Bacillus Thuringiensis River bed pool, Cement Anopheles and 0.5 g/m2 sub sp. Israelensis 5% tanks, Pokhars, Small Culex larvae WP, serotype H-14 kaccha or cement tanks with low walls, Pits and ditches, Paddy fields, Semi polluted pits, Ornamental fountains, Flood prone polluted cesspits and ditches, Drains with polluted stagnant or flowing very slowly Septic tanks Anopheles and 1.0 g/m2 Culex larvae G. INSECTICIDES APPROVED FOR MOSQUITO CONTROL UNDER PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAMME. Sl. Name of Habitat Stage of Dosage No. Insecticide and the Active Formulation formulation mosquito Ingredient e 1. Alpha Public health use- Adult 25-40 0.5-0.8 g in 20 ml Cypermethrin 5% out door mg/m2 water/m2 WP In houses – in door Adult 25-40 0.5-0.8 g in 20 ml mg/m2 water/m2 2. Bifenthrin 10% WP Indoor spray Adult 25 mg/m2 0.250 g in 20 ml water/m2 3. Chlorpyrifos Public health use -in Adult 500 mg/m2 1.25 ml in 50 ml Methyl 40% EC human dwellings water/m2 4. Cyfluthrin 10% WP Public health use Adult 25 mg/m2 0.25 g in 20 ml water/m2 In houses by spray Adult 20 mg/m2 0.20 g in 50 ml water/m2 Cyfluthrin 5% EW In houses by spray Adult 0.02 g/m2 0.4 ml in 50 ml water/m2 Impregnation of bed Adult 50 mg/m2 1 ml/m2 nets 5. Deltamethrin Outdoor application Adult 0.5 g/ha 50 ml in 10 litre 1.25% ULV Thermal fogging diesel oil/ha Outdoor application Adult 0.5 g/ha 50 ml in 0.5 litre ULV application diesel oil/ha Indoor application Adult 2.0 g/1000 200 ml in 250 ml (To be used by pest m3 diesel oil/1000 control operators, m3 municipalities, Govt./semi Govt. institutions/agencies , army etc.) Deltamethrin 2.5% For public health Adult 12.5 - 25 500-1000 mg in WP purpose mg/m2 30 – 50 ml water/m2 Deltamethrin 2.5% Impregnation of Adult 25 mg/m2 1 ml/m2 bed net Flow polyesters, nylon and cotton bed nets In houses, factories, Adult 25 mg/m2 1 ml in 100 ml offices, market water/m2 places, hospitals, hotels, cattle sheds etc. Deltamethrin For public health 55 mg/m2 (0.0 018% w/w) purpose {for a period of 3 years u/s 9(3)} Deltamethrin 25% Impregnation of Adult 25 mg per 1 tablet (1 g) or Tablet polyester, nylon and m2 bed net ½ Tablet (2 g) / cotton bed nets 10 m2 6. DDT 50% WP In houses by spray Adult 1-2 g/m2 2-4 g/m2 7. Diflubenzuron 25% Clear surface Larvae 25-50 g /ha 100-200 g/ha WP water Polluted surface Larvae 50-100 g 200-400 g/ha water /ha Sewage pits, Larvae 1 mg/litre 4 mg/lit water soakpits, latrines, septic tanks Diflubenzuron 2% Water bodies, Cess Larvae 1.25-3.0 GR pits, Drains & disused wells & pots. 8. Fenthion 2% G Banks of lakes, Larvae 100 gm for 5 kg for surface ponds, ditches, surface up up to 10 cm drains, marshes, to 10 cm depth and 25 kg swamps, stagnant depth and for surface up to water, septic tanks, 500 gm for 50 cm depth/ ha rice fields surface up to 50 cm depth/ha 9. Lambdacyhalothrin Public health use - Adult 15-30 mg 150-300 mg in 20 10% WP outdoor /m2 ml water/m2 In houses by spray Adult 20 mg/m2 200 mg in 20 ml water/m2 11. Malathion 25% WP In houses by spray Adult 2.0 gm/m2 8.0 g in 100 ml (To be used by Govt. water/m2 Departments for public health under National Malaria Eradication Programme) 12. Primiphos methyl Mosquitoes Larvae 12.5 g/ha 25 ml/ha in 225 50% EC breeding surface litre water Primiphos methyl In houses by spray Adult 0.5 g/100 50 ml/100 m3 1% spray m3 13. Propoxur 20% EC In houses by spray Adult 200 g in 40 1 litre in 40 litre (To be used by litre water water Government, Semi- Government Departments only) 14. Temephos 50% EC Open water, Larvae 27.5-56.25 55-112.5 ml/ha Swamps, Marshes g/ha with low organic contents Heavily polluted Larvae 27.5-56.25 55-112.5 ml/ha water with high g/ha organic content or Consult local authorities vegetative cover (higher dose will be required) Small area Larvae 0.1 g/m2 1 tsp in 1 gallon treatment water/25m2 (equivalent to 0.2 ml in 150 ml water/m2) Lakes, Ponds, Larvae 20 – 64.5 40 – 129 ml/ha Swamps, Drains, g/ha Ditches and other mosquitoes breeding area Temephos 1% SG Standing water, Larvae 50-100 g/ha 5 – 10 kg/ha Shallow ponds, Lakes, Pools and Woodland Tidal waters, Larvae 100-200 10 – 20 kg/ha Swamps, Marshes g/ha Drains, Cesspits Larvae 200-500 20 – 50 kg/ha g/ha .
Recommended publications
  • Historical Perspectives on Apple Production: Fruit Tree Pest Management, Regulation and New Insecticidal Chemistries
    Historical Perspectives on Apple Production: Fruit Tree Pest Management, Regulation and New Insecticidal Chemistries. Peter Jentsch Extension Associate Department of Entomology Cornell University's Hudson Valley Lab 3357 Rt. 9W; PO box 727 Highland, NY 12528 email: [email protected] Phone 845-691-7151 Mobile: 845-417-7465 http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/faculty/jentsch/ 2 Historical Perspectives on Fruit Production: Fruit Tree Pest Management, Regulation and New Chemistries. by Peter Jentsch I. Historical Use of Pesticides in Apple Production Overview of Apple Production and Pest Management Prior to 1940 Synthetic Pesticide Development and Use II. Influences Changing the Pest Management Profile in Apple Production Chemical Residues in Early Insect Management Historical Chemical Regulation Recent Regulation Developments Changing Pest Management Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 The Science Behind The Methodology Pesticide Revisions – Requirements For New Registrations III. Resistance of Insect Pests to Insecticides Resistance Pest Management Strategies IV. Reduced Risk Chemistries: New Modes of Action and the Insecticide Treadmill Fermentation Microbial Products Bt’s, Abamectins, Spinosads Juvenile Hormone Analogs Formamidines, Juvenile Hormone Analogs And Mimics Insect Growth Regulators Azadirachtin, Thiadiazine Neonicotinyls Major Reduced Risk Materials: Carboxamides, Carboxylic Acid Esters, Granulosis Viruses, Diphenyloxazolines, Insecticidal Soaps, Benzoyl Urea Growth Regulators, Tetronic Acids, Oxadiazenes , Particle Films, Phenoxypyrazoles, Pyridazinones, Spinosads, Tetrazines , Organotins, Quinolines. 3 I Historical Use of Pesticides in Apple Production Overview of Apple Production and Pest Management Prior to 1940 The apple has a rather ominous origin. Its inception is framed in the biblical text regarding the genesis of mankind. The backdrop appears to be the turbulent setting of what many scholars believe to be present day Iraq.
    [Show full text]
  • Expansive and Diverse Phenotypic Landscape of Field Aedes Aegypti Larvae with Differential Susceptibility
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.07.447310; this version posted June 7, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 Title Page 2 Full Title: Expansive and diverse phenotypic landscape of field Aedes aegypti larvae with 3 differential susceptibility to temephos: beyond metabolic detoxification 4 Short Title: Gene expression in temephos resistant field populations of Aedes aegypti 5 Authors: Jasmine Morgan1, J. Enrique Salcedo-Sora2*, Omar Triana-Chavez3, Clare Strode1* 6 Author affiliations: 1Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, UK 7 2Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, UK 8 3Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), University of 9 Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia 10 Corresponding authors: * [email protected] (CS) and J.Salcedo- 11 [email protected] (JES-S) 1 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.07.447310; this version posted June 7, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 12 Abstract 13 Arboviruses including dengue, Zika and chikungunya are amongst the most significant public 14 health concerns worldwide and their control relies heavily on the use of insecticides to 15 control the vector mosquito Aedes aegypti.
    [Show full text]
  • Transfluthrin (Insecticides, Acaricides and Products to Control Other Arthropods)
    Regulation (EU) n°528/2012 concerning the making available on the market and use of biocidal products Evaluation of active substances Assessment Report Transfluthrin (insecticides, acaricides and products to control other arthropods) 13 March 2014 RMS: the Netherlands Transfluthrin (PT18) Assessment report Finalised in the Standing Committee on Biocidal Products at its meeting on 13 March 2014 CONTENTS 1. STATEMENT OF SUBJECT MATTER AND PURPOSE .................................. 4 1.1. Principle of evaluation .................................................................................... 4 1.2. Purpose of the assessment report ................................................................... 4 1.3. Procedure followed .......................................................................................... 4 2. OVERALL SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ................................................... 6 2.1. Presentation of the Active Substance ............................................................. 6 2.1.1. Identity, Physico-Chemical Properties & Methods of Analysis ....... 6 2.1.2. Intended Uses and Efficacy ................................................................ 8 2.1.3. Classification and Labelling .............................................................. 8 2.2. Summary of the Risk Assessment ................................................................ 11 2.2.1. Human Health Risk Assessment ...................................................... 11 2.2.1.1. Hazard identification ........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Prolonged Use of Mosquito Coil, Mats, and Liquidators: a Review of Its Health Implications
    Review Article Prolonged use of mosquito coil, mats, and liquidators: A review of its health implications Nitin Ashok John, Jyoti John1 Department of Physiology, Indira Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, 1Department of Biochemistry, ESIC Medical College, Faridabad, Haryana, India Abstract Mosquito coils are burnt indoors and outdoors in India to control mosquitoes. Human beings get exposed to a chemically complex mosquito coil smoke containing small particles (<1 µm), metal fumes, and vapors that may reach the alveolar region of the lung. Coils consist of an insecticide/repellant, organic fillers, binders, and additives such as synergists, dyes, and fungicide. Thus, the smoke contains pollutants of health concern. The concentrations of pollutants resulting from burning mosquito coils may exceed health-based air quality standards and have ill effect on health. Hence, in this review, we have discussed the health implications due to burning of mosquito coil, mats, and heating of mosquito refill liquidators. Key words: Liquidators, mats, mosquito coil, prolonged use Received: 5th October, 2015; Revised: 13th November, 2015; Accepted: 15th December, 2015 INTRODUCTION are not specified. Most of them are aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, which are combustible products of wood, Human beings are often protected from nuisance and dust filters, and dyes. The fumes emitted by burning of disease‑bearing mosquitoes by insecticides. The four the coils are responsible for ill effects on human health. major types of residential insecticide products that are widely used globally are aerosols, mosquito coils, liquid The coils and mats are often used overnight in sleeping vaporizers, and vaporizing mats.[1] quarters where elevated exposure may occur.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on the Mosquito Fauna in an Urban And
    STUDIES ON THE MOSQUITO FAUNA IN AN URBAN AND SUBURBAN AREA IN PENANG AND THE LABORATORY EFFICACY OF MOSQUITO COILS CONTAINING DIFFERENT ACTIVE INGREDIENTS AGAINST SELECTED VECTOR MOSQUITOES ROZILAWATI BINTI HARUN UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA 2007 STUDIES ON THE MOSQUITO FAUNA IN AN URBAN AND SUBURBAN AREA IN PENANG AND THE LABORATORY EFFICACY OF MOSQUITO COILS CONTAINING DIFFERENT ACTIVE INGREDIENTS AGAINST SELECTED VECTOR MOSQUITOES By ROZILAWATI BINTI HARUN Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science July 2007 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my profound gratitude to my supervisor Prof Madya Dr. Zairi Jaal for his guidance, assistance and advices throughout this project period. Without his help, this work would not have been successful. Special thanks to Mr Adanan the VCRU Research Officer, for giving me so much support during my study in USM, and my sincere thanks to the staff of Vector Control Research Unit, USM for their help in the realization of this project. To my lab mates and best friends: please find here the expression of my friendship. Finally I would like to extend my thanks to my colleagues and also my beloved family and fiancé for being understanding and patient, this is the special present for you all. THANK YOU ALL. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iii LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF FIGURES viii LIST OF PLATES ix LIST OF ABBREVIATION x LIST OF APPENDICES xi LIST OF PUBLICATIONS & SEMINARS xii ABSTRAK xiii ABSTRACT xiv CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL INTRODUCTION
    [Show full text]
  • Tenth Meeting of the WHO Vector Control Advisory Group
    MEETING REPORT 13–15 May 2019 Tenth meeting of the WHO Vector Control Advisory Group MEETING REPORT 13–15 May 2019 Tenth meeting of the WHO Vector Control Advisory Group WHO/CDS/VCAG/2019.02 © World Health Organization 2019 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization. Suggested citation. Tenth meeting of the WHO Vector Control Advisory Group. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018 (WHO/CDS/VCAG/2019.02). Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data.
    [Show full text]
  • ORIGINAL ARTICLES AAEM Ann Agric Environ Med 2011, 18, 85–88
    ORIGINAL ARTICLES AAEM Ann Agric Environ Med 2011, 18, 85–88 CONTENT OF TRANSFLUTHRIN IN INDOOR AIR DURING THE USE OF ELECTRO-VAPORIZERS Teresa Nazimek1, Magdalena Wasak1, Wojciech Zgrajka1, Waldemar Andrzej Turski1, 2 1Department of Toxicology, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland 2Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland Nazimek T, Wasak M, Zgrajka W, Turski WA: Content of transfl uthrin in indoor air dur- ing the use of electro-vaporizers. Ann Agric Environ Med 2011, 18, 85–88. Abstract: The quality of indoor air evokes increasing interest; however, no standards have been developed which determine the content of pesticides in the air of living space. At present, insecticides are increasingly more frequently applied to control household pests, fl ies, mosquitoes, termites and other harmful insects. In this study, the content of transfl uthrin was measured indoors after the application of two consumer products containing this active substance, using commercially available electro-vaporizers. It was found that during the application of insecticides in the form of gel and liquid the mean concentration of transfl uthrin in the air was 1.295–2.422 μg/m3 and 3.817–5.227 μg/m3, respectively. The concentration of an active agent in the air did not depend on the day of application. The concentration of transfl uthrin was higher when used in the form of a liquid than a gel preparation. 18–24 hours after the discontinuation of the use of the preparation no active agent was found in the air. As long as the standards are developed regulating the content of insecticides in the air of living spaces and utility rooms, the most important method of preventing their potential hazardous effect is informing the users of these preparations about the occurrence of active substances in indoor air, and eventual risk of exposure to the effect of pesticides during their application at home.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Advances on Detection of Insecticides Using Optical Sensors
    sensors Review Recent Advances on Detection of Insecticides Using Optical Sensors Nurul Illya Muhamad Fauzi 1, Yap Wing Fen 1,2,*, Nur Alia Sheh Omar 1,2 and Hazwani Suhaila Hashim 2 1 Functional Devices Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; [email protected] (N.I.M.F.); [email protected] (N.A.S.O.) 2 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Insecticides are enormously important to industry requirements and market demands in agriculture. Despite their usefulness, these insecticides can pose a dangerous risk to the safety of food, environment and all living things through various mechanisms of action. Concern about the environmental impact of repeated use of insecticides has prompted many researchers to develop rapid, economical, uncomplicated and user-friendly analytical method for the detection of insecticides. In this regards, optical sensors are considered as favorable methods for insecticides analysis because of their special features including rapid detection time, low cost, easy to use and high selectivity and sensitivity. In this review, current progresses of incorporation between recognition elements and optical sensors for insecticide detection are discussed and evaluated well, by categorizing it based on insecticide chemical classes, including the range of detection and limit of detection. Additionally, this review aims to provide powerful insights to researchers for the future development of optical sensors in the detection of insecticides. Citation: Fauzi, N.I.M.; Fen, Y.W.; Omar, N.A.S.; Hashim, H.S. Recent Keywords: insecticides; optical sensor; recognition element Advances on Detection of Insecticides Using Optical Sensors.
    [Show full text]
  • Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification 2019 Theinternational Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) Was Established in 1980
    The WHO Recommended Classi cation of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classi cation 2019 cation Hazard of Pesticides by and Guidelines to Classi The WHO Recommended Classi The WHO Recommended Classi cation of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classi cation 2019 The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification 2019 TheInternational Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) was established in 1980. The overall objectives of the IPCS are to establish the scientific basis for assessment of the risk to human health and the environment from exposure to chemicals, through international peer review processes, as a prerequisite for the promotion of chemical safety, and to provide technical assistance in strengthening national capacities for the sound management of chemicals. This publication was developed in the IOMC context. The contents do not necessarily reflect the views or stated policies of individual IOMC Participating Organizations. The Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC) was established in 1995 following recommendations made by the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development to strengthen cooperation and increase international coordination in the field of chemical safety. The Participating Organizations are: FAO, ILO, UNDP, UNEP, UNIDO, UNITAR, WHO, World Bank and OECD. The purpose of the IOMC is to promote coordination of the policies and activities pursued by the Participating Organizations, jointly or separately, to achieve the sound management of chemicals in relation to human health and the environment. WHO recommended classification of pesticides by hazard and guidelines to classification, 2019 edition ISBN 978-92-4-000566-2 (electronic version) ISBN 978-92-4-000567-9 (print version) ISSN 1684-1042 © World Health Organization 2020 Some rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS Multi Residue Pesticide Analysis in Fruit and Vegetable Extracts on a Single Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer
    36 May / June 2017 LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS Multi Residue Pesticide Analysis in Fruit and Vegetable Extracts on a Single Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer by Kari Organtini1, Gareth Cleland1, Eimear McCall2, and Simon Hird2 1Waters Corporation, Milford, MA, USA 2Waters Corporation, Wilmslow, UK Hundreds of pesticides are commercially available and are approved for use on various fruit and vegetable plants to prevent pest infestation and improve shelf-life of fresh produce. Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) are set at the highest level of pesticide that the relevant regulatory body would expect to find in that crop when it has been treated in accordance with good agricultural practice. In the EU, if a pesticide is not explicitly mentioned in the MRL legislation, a default MRL is used for enforcement. This default value is set to be equal to the limit of quantification (LOQ) achievable with the analytical methods used for analysis. National authorities control and enforce MRLs by testing samples for pesticide residue levels using analytical surveillance programs. These programs check for compliance with MRLs, assess dietary exposure, and check for use of unauthorised pesticides. The food industry also carries out its own due diligence analyses. Mass spectrometry (MS) coupled with fragile or easily fragmented compounds. in this study (listed in appendix tables) were both gas chromatography (GC) and liquid APGC ionisation can occur using two chosen to cover a wide range of different chromatography (LC) is needed to provide mechanisms; proton transfer (wet source) pesticide classes and chemistries. The multi comprehensive analysis of a wide range of or charge transfer (dry source).
    [Show full text]
  • Pesticide Pollution in Nepal
    Status of Pesticide pollution in Nepal Kanti Shrestha, Ph.D Chief Scientific officer Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Khumaltar, Lalitpur 20th June 2014 National Symposium on Pesticide Pollution GLOBAL CONSUMPTION PATTERN OF PESTICIDES S.N. Country Pesticide Use-a.i.(kg/ha) 1 India 0.38 2 China 2.0-2.5 3 Pakistan 1.3 4 Bangladesh 0.4 5 Bhutan 0.1 6 Republic of Korea 6.6 7 Japan 12 8 Indonesia 0.575 9 Thailand 1.1 10 Netherlands 9.4 11 Europe 1.9 12 USA 1.5 13 Germany 2.5 14 Norway 0.4 15 Africa 1.23 16 Nepal 0.142 Source: Pesticide use by country", World Resources Institute, livemint.com, 2007, Less pesticide on your food: Good news, 2012 and Trends in pesticide use and drivers for safer pest management, 2008 Pesticide trader • Private pesticide dealership started from 1995 when AIC stopped bulk purchasing of pesticides. • Network of private wholesalers & retailers in most of the districts Direct purchase • Some institution have been directly purchasing pesticides independently. • National Seed Company, Cotton Development Board, Nepal Food Corporation as well as the Epidemiology and Disease Control Division. List of Company involved in Pesticide formulation S. No. Name of Company Address /Farm 1 Kissan Agro Chemicals Birgunj, Parsa 2 Amit Pesticide Udhyog Birgunj, Parsa 3 Nepal Agro Industries Parsauni-2 Bara 4 Khoteja Agro Pvt. Ltd. Jagatpur, Chitwan 5 Nepal Krishi Rasayan Birgunj, Parsa Total registered pesticides 2068/6/31 S N Type of Pesticides Trade Name Common Name 1 Insecticides 500 40 2 Fungicides 229 33 3 Rodenticides 10 2 4 Weedicides 88 15 5 Bio-pesticides 19 7 6 Bactericides 6 2 7 Acaricides 7 3 Total 859 102 Classification Organochlorines (eg.DDT, BHC etc.) Organophosphates (eg.Malathion, Phorate, Quinalphos, Fenitrothion etc.) Carbamates (eg.
    [Show full text]
  • The Insecticides Act, 1968 (Act No.46 of 1968)
    The Insecticides Act, 1968 (Act No.46 of 1968) An Act to regulate the import, manufactures, sale, transport, distribution and use of insecticides with a view to prevent risk to human beings or animals and for matters connected therewith. [2 nd September 1968] Be it enacted by Parliament in the Nineteenth Year of the Republic of India as follows: 1. Short title, extent and commencement. * a. This Act may be called the Insecticides Act, 1968. b. It extends to the whole of India. c. It shall come into force on such date as the Central Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, appoint and different dates may be appointed for different States and for different provisions of Act. 2. Application of other laws not barred * The provisions of this Act shall be in addition to, and not in derogation of, any other law for the time being in force. 3. Definitions- In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires- a. "animals" means animals useful to human beings and includes fish and fowl, and such kinds of wild life as the Central Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, specify, being kinds which in its opinion, it is desirable to protect or preserve; b. "Board" means the Central Insecticides Board constituted under Sec.4; c. "Central Insecticides Laboratory" means the Central Insecticides Laboratory established, or as the case may be, the institution specified under Sec.16; d. "Import" means bringing into any place within the territories to which this Act extends from a place outside those territories; e. "Insecticide" means- i.
    [Show full text]