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Invited Speaker Abstracts Invited Speaker Abstracts 8th International Congress on Psychopharmacology & 4th International Symposium on Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology INVITED SPEAKER ABSTRACTS Mood stabilizers and cognitive functions Ahmet Ozturk Department of Psychiatry, Bezmialem Vakif University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey e-mail adress: [email protected] Mood stabilizers are widely used for various indications particularly for bipolar disorders. For instance, lithium is an option in resistant depression cases, whereas valproate is used in impulse control disorders. Generally speaking, lithium and some anticonvulsants, such as valproate, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, and oxcarbazepine are members of mood stabilizers. In addition, off-label use of topiramate and gabapentin is also possible for same indications. Currently, mood stabilizers are the most accepted treatment for bipolar disorders. Among psychiatric problems, bipolar disorders are the second most leading cause of functional loss in social, academic and occupational fields; following schizophrenia spectrum disorders, therefore one may say that mood stabilizers are worth to mention. Bipolar disorders particularly when in depressive or manic state lead to cognitive impairments. In previous studies, it has been reported that impairment in cognitive functions are observed not only in disorder, but also in euthymic state (1). It is also known that besides the natural course of the disorders, Mood stabilizers are also associated with cognitive impairments. On the other hand, it is reported to be uncertain in some studies whether the cognitive functional performances of the bipolar cases are associated with mood stabilizer drugs (1). In some studies, lithium was reported to be associated with low processing speed and verbal memory performance (2), whereas in some studies no significant correlations were found between verbal memory processing speed and lithium as well as the other mood stabilizers (3). It is commonly accepted that valproate and carbamazepine are more likely to cause impaired cognitive functions in comparison with the other mood stabilizers. One may say that lamotrigine is the most tolerable one among mood stabilizers for cognitive functions. Despite all these considerations, mood stabilizers are less likely to have negative effects on cognitive functions when compared with anti-psychotics or benzodiazepines (1). In conclusion, it is accepted that the cognitive functions are impaired in bipolar disorders both endophenotypically and clinically. The overlapping results of the disorders themselves and the mood stabilizers in terms of cognitive functional impairment must be enlightened. Keywords: mood stabilizers, bipolar disorders, cognitive functions References 1. Senturk V, Goker C, Bilgic A, Olmez S, Tugcu H, Oncu B, Atbasoglu E.C. Impaired Verbal Memory And Otherwise Spared Cognition In Remitted Bipolar Patients On Monotherapy With Lithium Or Valproate. Bipolar Disord 2007;9:136-44. 2. Depp CA, Mausbach BT et all. Meta-Analysis of the association between cognitive abilities and everyday functioning in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disorders 2012;14:217-26. 3. Goswami U, Sharma A, Khastigir U at all. Neuropsychological dysfunction, soft neurological signs and social disability in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 2006;188(4): 366-73. Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2016;26(Suppl. 1):S1 Klinik Psychopharmacology Bulteni - Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Volume 26, Supplement 1 (April 01, 2016, pp. S1-S496) S1 Invited Speaker Abstracts ADHD and Oxytocin Oytun Erbas1, Esra Demirci2, Sevcan Karakoc Demirkaya3, Veli Yildirim4 1Department of Physiology, Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul, Turkey 2Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey 3Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey 4Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey e-mail address: [email protected] Serum oxytocin (OT) might be a biomarker of central oxytocin system activity. Providing evidence for coordinated release, numerous physiological stimuli trigger both central and peripheral OT release, including birth, suckling, sexual activity, and various forms of stress. In one study suggested a possible relationship between OT dysregulation and ADHD symptoms in autism spectrum disorder. In a study with autism, patients with ADHD differed from healthy control children by significantly decreased OT concentrations similar to children with autism. One study found higher OT reactive autoantibody levels in males with conduct disorder (CD) compared to controls. It was suggested that OXTR SNPs rs6770632 and rs1042778 are associated with persistent and pervasive aggressive behaviors in females and males. It has been reported that OT has potential as a treatment to improve the recognition of emotion in faces, allowing individuals to improve their insight into the intentions, desires, and mental states of others. Healthy adults administered intranasal OT can better recognize the expression of negative emotions, distinguish negative and positive expressions to a better degree, and remember happy faces better than angry, frustrated, or neutral faces. Also, it was reported that decreased serum OT levels in patients with ADHD than healthy controls and serum OT levels effects the impulsivity, aggression and empathy. In the light of information below in ADHD, as in autism, OT may have a role in social limitations, aggression, and severity of symptoms. Thus, further studies on OT in children and adolescents with ADHD will not only contribute to the understanding of the etiopathogenesis of ADHD, but also provide additional information that is necessary to discover novel therapies. Keywords: ADHD, oxytocin, child, adolescent Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2016;26(Suppl. 1):S2 Immunology, depression and treatment implications Ozden Sukran Uneri Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ankara Pediatric Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey e-mail address: [email protected] Depression is a very common psychiatric disorder. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that more than 350 million individuals of all ages suffer from depression. For a long time there has been a great number of studies related to the etiology of depression in immune system and the role of immunity terms. These studies pointed out that both inflammatory markers and proinflammatory cytokines as increased than that of the healthy control and also an increased proportion of major depressive disorder found in cases with any inflammatory disorder compared to the healthy subjects. Within the last two decades, it has been found out that increased production/ secretion of the main proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α and acute phase reactants are important factors in the etiology of depression. During the last decade, the effects of antidepressants and psychotherapies used to treat depression on the immune system are being studied. These studies have suggested that IL-6 is an indicator of the severity of symptoms. This presentation aims to discuss the correlation of immune system and, depression/ depression treatments under the light of the most recently obtained literature findings. Keywords: immunology, depression, treatment Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2016;26(Suppl. 1):S2 S2 Klinik Psychopharmacology Bulteni - Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Volume 26, Supplement 1 (April 01, 2016, pp. S1-S496) Invited Speaker Abstracts Metaphor use in cognitive behavioral therapy: which metaphor in which case? Arzu Erkan Yuce Private psychiatrist, Izmir, Turkey e-mail address: [email protected] Metaphor is a pattern of communication that comprised of any of the following: words, images, symbols, feelings, postures, and behaviors. It is an art of expression of thoughts and feelings or an issue via indirect narration and metaphors are being used in linguistics, philosophy, and in psychotherapies. Every culture and religion uses these types of stories and analogies to improve understanding, make a point more memorable, and help people make positive changes. It provides a conceptual bridge from a dysfunctional interpretation to a fresh new perspective. Metaphor is not only a communication pattern but also the principal mechanism behind abstract thought and comprehension. Metaphors are described not only as figures of speech, but also as neuron maps connecting the network of the metaphorical vehicle with the network of the metaphor’s topic. As the fMRI studies supported that metaphors are being processed via specific neuronal mechanisms. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) approaches are highly effective in the treatment of a variety of difficulties ranging from depression and anxiety disorders to chronic pain and sleep disorders. CBT model assumes that, changes in cognition and behaviors deliver clinical change. The emotions and affective changes observed during the sessions make the therapist immediately reach the hot cognitions and automatic thoughts in order to deal with them. In psychotherapy sessions a lot of metaphors can be used as stories, illustrations, some objects, music, taste, smell etc. which strongly evoke feelings, thoughts, and beliefs in order to constitute new perspectives and alternative functional interpretations. Effectiveness of CBT depends on both
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