DOCSLIB.ORG

Human Rights Watch All Rights Reserved

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Human Rights Watch All Rights Reserved H U M A N R I G H T S ALL ACCORDING TO PLAN The Rab’a Massacre and Mass Killings of Protesters in Egypt WATCH All According to Plan The Rab’a Massacre and Mass Killings of Protesters in Egypt Copyright © 2014 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-62313-1661 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org AUGUST 2014 978-1-62313-1661 All According to Plan The Rab’a Massacre and Mass Killings of Protesters in Egypt Map .............................................................................................................................................. I Summary and Key Recommendations ........................................................................................... 1 Methodology ............................................................................................................................. 22 I. Background ............................................................................................................................ 25 Mass Killings of Protesters ...................................................................................................... 25 Mass Arrests ......................................................................................................................... 26 Restrictions on Freedom of Expression, Assembly, and Association ........................................ 28 II. The Dispersals at Rab’a al-Adawiya and al-Nahda Squares ...................................................... 31 Forcible Dispersal of the Rab’a Sit-in ....................................................................................... 33 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 33 Nasr Street, Tiba Mall (East Entrance) ............................................................................... 35 Anwar al-Mufti Street (Parallel to East Nasr Street, Behind Tiba Mall) ................................ 43 Nasr Street, Manassa (West Entrance) ............................................................................. 46 Tayaran Street, Republican Guard (North Entrance) ........................................................... 51 Tayaran Street, Manufiya Building (South Entrance) .......................................................... 52 Central Rab’a Square (Rab’a Hospital, Mosque, & Surrounding Structures) ....................... 59 Killings of Protesters ........................................................................................................ 77 The Death Toll ................................................................................................................. 82 Dispersal of the al-Nahda Square Sit-in .................................................................................. 86 Dispersal at Mustafa Mahmoud Square ................................................................................. 92 The State’s Justification for the Dispersals ............................................................................. 94 Government Planning ............................................................................................................ 98 August 14 Attacks on Churches and Police Stations ............................................................... 104 III. Other Mass Killings of Protesters ........................................................................................ 108 July 5: Five Protesters Killed outside the Republican Guard Headquarters .............................. 108 July 8: Sixty-one Protesters Killed outside the Republican Guard Headquarters ...................... 112 July 27: Ninety-five Protesters Killed outside the Manassa Memorial ...................................... 121 August 16: One Hundred Twenty Protesters Killed in the Ramses Square Area ........................ 130 IV. Legal Standards and Accountability ..................................................................................... 140 Freedom of Assembly and Use of Force ................................................................................. 140 Crimes against Humanity ...................................................................................................... 142 Command Responsibility ...................................................................................................... 144 Investigations and Accountability ......................................................................................... 147 Access to Medical Care ......................................................................................................... 149 Egyptian Law on the Use of Force and Firearms ...................................................................... 150 V. Authorities’ Response: Denial and Impunity .......................................................................... 152 Denial of Wrongdoing ........................................................................................................... 152 Failure to Provide Information on the Dispersal ..................................................................... 155 Fact-Finding Commission ...................................................................................................... 157 National Council for Human Rights (NCHR) ............................................................................ 159 The Need for Accountability .................................................................................................. 162 International Response ............................................................................................................. 162 VI. Recommendations .............................................................................................................. 165 To the Egyptian Government ................................................................................................. 165 To the Interior and Defense Ministries ................................................................................... 166 To the Public Prosecutor ....................................................................................................... 167 To the Post-June 30 Fact-Finding Commission ....................................................................... 168 To UN Member States ........................................................................................................... 168 To UN Security Council .......................................................................................................... 169 To UN Human Rights Council ................................................................................................. 169 To the Arab League ............................................................................................................... 170 To the African Union ............................................................................................................. 170 Acknowledgments .................................................................................................................... 171 Appendix I: Letter to Foreign Minister Nabil Fahmy ................................................................... 172 Appendix II: Letter to Interior Minister Mohamed Ibrahim ......................................................... 174 Appendix III: Letter to Defense Minister Sidki Subhi .................................................................. 178 Appendix IV: Letter to Public Prosecutor Hisham Barakat .......................................................... 181 Appendix V: Follow-up Letter to Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry .............................................. 184 Appendix VI: Follow-up Letter to Interior Minister Mohamed Ibrahim ......................................... 186 Appendix VII: Follow-up Letter to Defense Minister Sidki Subhi ................................................. 187 Appendix VIII: Follow-up Letter to Public Prosecutor Hsham Barakat ......................................... 188 Map I AUGUST 2014 | HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH SUMMARY AND KEY RECOMMENDATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | AUGUST 2014 1 In July and August 2013, many of Egypt’s public squares and streets were awash in blood. On July 3, 2013, the military deposed Mohamed Morsy, Egypt’s first elected civilian president and a high-ranking member of the Muslim Brotherhood, on the heels of massive popular protests against Morsy calling for early presidential elections. Over the course of the following two months, Muslim Brotherhood supporters organized two large sit-ins in Cairo and smaller protests across Egypt to denounce the military takeover and demand the reinstatement of Morsy. In response, police and army forces repeatedly opened fire on demonstrators, killing over 1,150, most of them in five separate
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Omar-Ashour-English.Pdf
    CENTER ON DEMOCRACY, DEVELOPMENT, AND THE RULE OF LAW STANFORD UNIVERSITY BROOKINGS DOHA CENTER - STANFORD PROJECT ON ARAB TRANSITIONS PAPER SERIES Number 3, November 2012 FROM BAD COP TO GOOD COP: THE CHALLENGE OF SECURITY SECTOR REFORM IN EGYPT OMAR ASHOUR PROGRAM ON ARAB REFORM AND DEMOCRACY, CDDRL FROM BAD COP TO GOOD COP: THE CHALLENGE OF SECURITY SECTOR REFORM IN EGYPT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY gence within the police force of a cadre of reform- ist officers is also encouraging and may help shift Successful democratic transitions hinge on the the balance of power within the Ministry of Interi- establishment of effective civilian control of the or. These officers have established reformist orga- armed forces and internal security institutions. The nizations, such as the General Coalition of Police transformation of these institutions from instru- Officers and Officers But Honorable, and begun to ments of brutal repression and regime protection push for SSR themselves. The prospects for imple- to professional, regulated, national services – secu- menting these civil society and internal initiatives, rity sector reform (SSR) – is at the very center of however, remain uncertain; they focus on admira- this effort. In Egypt, as in other transitioning Arab ble ends but are less clear on the means of imple- states and prior cases of democratization, SSR is mentation. They also have to reckon with strong an acutely political process affected by an array of elements within the Ministry of Interior – “al-Ad- different actors and dynamics. In a contested and ly’s men” (in reference to Mubarak’s longstanding unstable post-revolutionary political sphere, the minister) – who remain firmly opposed to reform.
    [Show full text]
  • The SRAO Story by Sue Behrens
    The SRAO Story By Sue Behrens 1986 Dissemination of this work is made possible by the American Red Cross Overseas Association April 2015 For Hannah, Virginia and Lucinda CONTENTS Foreword iii Acknowledgements vi Contributors vii Abbreviations viii Prologue Page One PART ONE KOREA: 1953 - 1954 Page 1 1955 - 1960 33 1961 - 1967 60 1968 - 1973 78 PART TWO EUROPE: 1954 - 1960 98 1961 - 1967 132 PART THREE VIETNAM: 1965 - 1968 155 1969 - 1972 197 Map of South Vietnam List of SRAO Supervisors List of Helpmate Chapters Behrens iii FOREWORD In May of 1981 a group of women gathered in Washington D.C. for a "Grand Reunion". They came together to do what people do at reunions - to renew old friendships, to reminisce, to laugh, to look at old photos of them­ selves when they were younger, to sing "inside" songs, to get dressed up for a reception and to have a banquet with a speaker. In this case, the speaker was General William Westmoreland, and before the banquet, in the afternoon, the group had gone to Arlington National Cemetery to place a wreath at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. They represented 1,600 women who had served (some in the 50's, some in the 60's and some in the 70's) in an American Red Cross program which provided recreation for U.S. servicemen on duty in Europe, Korea and Vietnam. It was named Supplemental Recreational Activities Overseas (SRAO). In Europe it was known as the Red Cross center program. In Korea and Vietnam it was Red Cross clubmobile service.
    [Show full text]
  • Weekend Fentonchiropractor.Com VOL
    Judge to decide on accused shooter’s insanity plea n By Hannah Ball Judge Joseph Farah in the Gen- In July 2016, Tyson entered the Three years after Closing arguments are finished in esee County Circuit Court will Grand Oaks Apartments offices killing, trial comes the case of a Grand Blanc woman make a decision on Jacquelyne and allegedly shot Lyric Work, 20, to an end; baby who who is accused of shooting and kill- Faye Tyson’s, 57, insanity plea on formerly of Linden, and Tamara ing two women at the Grand Oaks July 9, nearly three years after the Johnson, 45, from Mt. Morris. Jacquelyne survived turns 3 Apartment complex in Grand Blanc. fatal incident. See INSANITY PLEA on 23A Tyson Jamie Phillips, DC $ New Patient Exam 27 810-354-8055 Weekend FentonChiropractor.com VOL. 26 NO. XXIV SUNDAY, JUNE 16, 2019 $1.00 Congratulations 2019 graduates Family patriarch is prime example of great father, grandfather nRoger Sharp Sr.’s sons celebrate him this Father’s Day By Vera Hogan The tri-county area is rich with men who are wonder- ful fathers and grandfathers, those who are outstanding examples of how to live life to the fullest with respect Roger Sharp Sr. is shown and compassion for others, here in 2007 with baby and show their own children granddaughter, Remy, who See PATRIARCH on 10A is now 12. Submitted photo ‘Historic’ no-fault reform has passed nWhat will this mean bill became a law. It went for Michigan motorists into immediate effect, but policies won’t change until beginning July 2020? July of 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • The Colonial Origins of Coercion in Egypt
    Internal Occupation: The Colonial Origins of Coercion in Egypt Allison Spencer Hartnett, Nicholas J. Lotito, and Elizabeth R. Nugent* April 10, 2020 Abstract Robust coercive apparatuses are credited for the Middle East’s uniquely persistent authoritarianism, but little work exists analyzing their origins. In this paper, we present an original theory regarding the origins of coercive institutions in contemporary authoritarian regimes like those in the Middle East. Weargue that post-independence authoritarian coercive capabilities are shaped by pre-independence institution-building, largely dictated by the interests of colonial powers who dictated state develop- ment projects. We depart from existing general theories about the origins of coercive institutions, in which authoritarian leaders have full autonomy in constructing coercive institutions when they come to power, and in which the military is the primary source of the state’s institution. Instead, we argue that authoritarian leaders coming to power in the twentieth century, after major state building occurred, inherit states with certain pre-determined resources and capabilities, and coercive institu- tions. We support our theory with district-level census data from Egypt. Matching districts surveyed in 1897, the rst census conducted under British rule, with those from the last pre-revolution census in 1947, we nd that districts with higher levels of foreigners in the rst decades of colonial rule are more heavily policed on the eve of independence. In later drafts, we will test our hypotheses that these early allocations of the coercive apparatus persisted under post-colonial authoritarian regimes using data on arrests from 2013. *Citations are welcome but please do not distribute without express permission from the authors.
    [Show full text]
  • Night Moves Pdf, Epub, Ebook
    NIGHT MOVES PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Jessica Hopper | 184 pages | 18 Sep 2018 | University of Texas Press | 9781477317884 | English | Austin, TX, United States Night Moves PDF Book Interviewed by Redbeard. They pull in Harmon, a man with a sketchy past, to help them pull off their big plan. Marty Heller Kenneth Mars This is the 33rd novel in the Alex Delaware series and I have read many, if not most, of the books. View all 5 comments. Our loss is that we have solid material like this woven together by two not very satisfying references. He was on one of his dreary night-long stake-outs, now a weary detective looking into other peoples' lives, when the second Kennedy was. Stranger in Town Another well executed tale of a murder solved by the winning team of Alex and Milo. We weren't in love, oh no, far from it We weren't searchin' for some pie in the sky summit We were just young and restless and bored Livin' by the sword And we'd steal away every chance we could To the backroom, to the alley or the trusty woods I used her, she used me But neither one cared We were gettin' our share Workin' on our night moves Tryin' to lose the awkward teenage blues Workin' on our night moves And it was summertime Sweet, summertime, summertime. Director: Kelly Reichardt. Another 1 nomination. Get a sneak peek of the new version of this page. Metacritic Reviews. It also charted at number five in Canada and was a top 25 hit in Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • The Arab Spring and Its Impact on Human Rights in the MENA Region
    Helpdesk Research Report: The Arab Spring and its impact on human rights in the MENA region. 14 October 2011 Query: What is the current human rights situation in the MENA region and how has it changed as a result of the Arab Spring? Who are the risk groups in the region in regards to human rights abuses, with particular focus on ethnic and religious factions? Enquirer: AusAID North Africa Program Author: Shivit Bakrania Contents 1. Overview 2. Algeria 3. Bahrain 4. Egypt 5. Iran 6. Jordan 7. Libya 8. Morocco 9. Oman 10. Saudi Arabia 11. Syria 12. Tunisia 13. Yemen 1. Overview The Middle East and North Africa region is a large and diverse region and it is difficult to make regional generalisations about the impact of the Arab Spring on human rights. Long-standing authoritarian rulers have been overthrown in Tunisia and Egypt where elections are due, and in Libya, where conflict rages on but with a new interim government controlling much of the country. In other countries, changes have been less radical but authorities in most cases have announced some degree of political reform in response to demands made by demonstrators. However, the broader picture is that it is too early to tell whether reforms will have any tangible impact in practice. The largest 1 political changes are occurring in Egypt, Tunisia and Libya, but more time is needed to see how the political processes in those countries pan out before an accurate assessment can be made. This report looks at the human rights situation on a country-by country basis.
    [Show full text]
  • Conflict in Yemen
    conflict in yemen abyan’s DarkEst hour amnesty international is a global movement of more than 3 million supporters, members and activists in more than 150 countries and territories who campaign to end grave abuses of human rights. our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the universal declaration of human rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. first published in 2012 by amnesty international ltd Peter benenson house 1 easton street london Wc1X 0dW united kingdom © amnesty international 2012 index: mde 31/010/2012 english original language: english Printed by amnesty international, international secretariat, united kingdom all rights reserved. this publication is copyright, but may be reproduced by any method without fee for advocacy, campaigning and teaching purposes, but not for resale. the copyright holders request that all such use be registered with them for impact assessment purposes. for copying in any other circumstances, or for reuse in other publications, or for translation or adaptation, prior written permission must be obtained from the publishers, and a fee may be payable. to request permission, or for any other inquiries, please contact [email protected] Cover phot o: a building in Zinjibar destroyed during the fighting, July 2012. © amnesty international amnesty.org CONFLICT IN YEMEN: ABYAN’S DARKEST HOUR CONTENTS Contents ......................................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • Bob Seger Face the Promise Album Download
    bob seger face the promise album download Bob Seger – Discography (1969 – 2006) Bob Seger – Discography (1969 – 2006) EAC Rip | 33xCD | FLAC/APE/WV Tracks & Image + Cue + Log | Full Scans Included Total Size: 9.59 GB | 3% RAR Recovery STUDIO ALBUMS | LIVE ALBUMS | COMPILATIONS Label: Various | Genre: Rock & Roll, Pop Rock, Heartland Rock. Originally a hard-driving rocker in the vein of fellow Michigan garage rockers the Rationals and Mitch Ryder, Bob Seger developed into one of the most popular heartland rockers over the course of the ’70s. Combining the driving charge of Ryder’s Detroit Wheels with Stonesy garage rock and devotion to hard-edged soul and R&B, he crafted a distinctively American sound. While he never attained the critical respect of his contemporary Bruce Springsteen, Seger did develop a dedicated following through constant touring with his Silver Bullet Band. Following several years of missed chances and lost opportunities, Seger finally achieved a national audience in 1976 with the back-to-back release of Live Bullet and Night Moves. After the platinum success of those albums, Seger retained his popularity for the next two decades, releasing seven Top Ten, platinum-selling albums in a row. ― Allmusic. 1. STUDIO: 1969. Noah (2008, Lost Diamonds, 8000 2 2, Argentina) 1969. Ramblin’ Gamblin’ Man (1993, Capitol, CDP 0777 7 96261 2 0, USA) Basic scans. 1970. Mongrel (1993, Capitol, CDP 0777 7 81240 2 3, USA) 1970. Mongrel (2010, Lost Diamonds, 8000 6 2, Argentina) 1971. Brand New Morning (2004, Capitol, ST-371, EU) 1971. Brand New Morning (2009, Lost Diamonds, 8000 5 2, Argentina) 1972.
    [Show full text]
  • Suspense Magazine August 2013
    Suspense, Mystery, Horror and Thriller Fiction September/OctOber 2013 Tricks & Treats With L.L. SoareS John rector Steven Gore Linda FairStein Peek InsIde new Releases From Wendy Corsi staub Paul d. Parsons & Debut Author tasha alexander Barry Lancet Joins Anthony J. FrAnze On Writing Killing Time in Nashville with DaviD ingram C r e di t s From the Editor John Raab President & Chairman Shannon Raab Writing is essential for everyday living and Creative Director growing. Writing a good book is something that is Romaine Reeves not easy to accomplish. However, if you do one very CFO simple thing, fans and readers will keep coming back to your books, because they know they will Starr Gardinier Reina Executive Editor get the straight story told to them. I’ll sum it up in one word: research! Jim Thomsen Just as writing and reading have been around Copy Editor since man has walked the earth, research has also Contributors been around. One of the oldest questions an author Donald Allen Kirch can get in an interview—and having interviewed hundreds of them, it’s one I’ve never Mark P. Sadler asked—is, “Where do you get your inspiration from?” Susan Santangelo DJ Weaver That is a personal question, and one that really has no value to the author at all CK Webb and shouldn’t to the reader. A more appropriate question to ask would be: “How much Kiki Howell Kaye George research did you have to do in order to get it right in your book?” This one question will Weldon Burge let the reader know just how important not only the subject is to the author, but how Ashley Wintters much time they spent on getting it right.
    [Show full text]
  • Cobo Renovations Erase Famed Concert Venue | the Detroit News | Detroitnews.Com 4/5/12 11:03 AM
    Pieces of history: Cobo renovations erase famed concert venue | The Detroit News | detroitnews.com 4/5/12 11:03 AM ADVERTISEMENT eEdition Stay Connected Customer Service Shopping Homes Jobs Cars Classifieds Advertise Metro and State Wayne County TRENDING TOPICS CONSENT DEAL 2013 RAM 1500 LIVONIA DEATHS DETROIT TWITTER ANDREW ARENA TREY BURKE EASTER BRUNCH Home Metro Wayne County APRIL 5, 2012 AT 9:32 AM Pieces of history: Cobo renovations erase famed concert venue BY LOUIS AGUILAR AND SUSAN WHITALL THE DETROIT NEWS 16 COMMENTS ADVERTISEMENT Most Popular Dispute between teen, ex-boyfriend might have led to Livonia murder-suicide Everyone -- minus Jim Leyland -- revved up about Tigers' chances Split Detroit council OKs consent deal Wings rally from two-goal deficit to beat Blues in shootout Finley: Difficult vote puts Detroit on right path Dispute between teen, ex-boyfriend might have led to Livonia murder-suicide Pieces of history: Cobo renovations erase famed Purchase Image concert venue The outside structure of Cobo Arena will still stand but the interior has been gutted for a new ballroom. (Bryan Mitchell/Special to Youth movement yields plenty of Tigers talent The Detroit News) Michigan 'middle of the pack' in Big Ten without Trey Detroit— Along the downtown riverfront Thursday, a giant crane begins to Burke tear down the wall separating Cobo Center and the former Cobo Arena, thus 2013 Ram 1500 is ready to rumble smashing one of the last physical remains of the legendary concert venue. SwitchTweet back0 to Mary Klida to use this social plugin. The concert venue hasn't been used for a concert since Phish played there 1 in 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • Rollins Sandspur Newspapers and Weeklies of Central Florida
    University of Central Florida STARS The Rollins Sandspur Newspapers and Weeklies of Central Florida 3-7-1980 Sandspur, Vol. 86 No. 09, March 7, 1980 Rollins College Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/cfm-sandspur University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Newspaper is brought to you for free and open access by the Newspapers and Weeklies of Central Florida at STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Rollins Sandspur by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Rollins College, "Sandspur, Vol. 86 No. 09, March 7, 1980" (1980). The Rollins Sandspur. 1548. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/cfm-sandspur/1548 ROLLINS MSANDSPUR Florida's Oldest College Weekly. This Week New Vice-President Appointed Rollins College President Dr. He has participated in Thaddeus Seymour and the 24 numerous research and member College Board of consulting activities and has Trustees announced February several publications and 22 the appointment of Dr. honors to his credit. In addition Robert F. Duvall as Vice to his administrative President for Development and responsibilities, the personable College Relations. Duvall, Development Officer is a currently Assistant Dean for lecturer in English and a Development for the Faculty of member of the Pennsylvania Arts and Sciences at the faculty. University of Pennsylvania, In 1968, the Philadelphia will assume his new post June 1. native served as Director of Smashing Admissions and Financial Aid Tennis In making the appointment, for Pitzer College, a member of Seymour said, "Rollins is the group of associated If you've yet to watch the indeed fortunate to have Bob Claremont Colleges, before Men's Varsity Tennis Team Duvall join in the important being named Executive this year, you'd better hurry.
    [Show full text]
  • Egypt: 'Officially, You Do Not Exist'
    EGYPT: ‘OFFICIALLY, YOU DO NOT EXIST’ DISAPPEARED AND TORTURED IN THE NAME OF COUNTER-TERORISM Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 7 million people who campaign for a world where human rights are enjoyed by all. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. © Amnesty International 2016 Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensed under a Creative Commons Cover image: (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives, international 4.0) licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode For more information please visit the permissions page on our website: www.amnesty.org Where material is attributed to a copyright owner other than Amnesty International this material is not subject to the Creative Commons licence. First published in 2016 by Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benenson House, 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW, UK Index: MDE 12/4368/2016 Original language: English amnesty.org CONTENTS GLOSSARY 6 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 2. METHODOLOGY 12 3. BACKGROUND 14 4. OVERVIEW 17 4.1 FROM MUBARAK’S SSI TO AL-SISI’S NSA: NEW NAME, CONTINUED VIOLATIONS 17 4.2 ARREST AND DETENTION STATISTICS 18 4.3 SCALE OF ENFORCED DISAPPEARANCES 19 4.4 PROFILES OF PEOPLE TARGETED 20 4.5 DURATION AND PLACES OF DETENTIONS 20 NSA LAZOUGHLY OFFICE HEADQUARTERS OF THE MINISTRY OF INTERIOR 21 NSA OFFICES IN ALEXANDRIA ALEXANDRIA SECURITY DIRECTORATE 21 NSA OFFICE IN TANTA, GHARBEYA CENTRAL SECURITY FORCES CAMP 22 5.
    [Show full text]